[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2013014561A1 - Détecteur de fumée fonctionnant au moyen d'impulsions équipé d'une unité de commande numérique - Google Patents

Détecteur de fumée fonctionnant au moyen d'impulsions équipé d'une unité de commande numérique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013014561A1
WO2013014561A1 PCT/IB2012/053409 IB2012053409W WO2013014561A1 WO 2013014561 A1 WO2013014561 A1 WO 2013014561A1 IB 2012053409 W IB2012053409 W IB 2012053409W WO 2013014561 A1 WO2013014561 A1 WO 2013014561A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
smoke detector
smoke
elements
emitting element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2012/053409
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sergei Vladimirovich SHUSTROV
Vladimir Alexandrovich SHUSTROV
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP12751113.7A priority Critical patent/EP2734988B1/fr
Priority to EA201391722A priority patent/EA026448B1/ru
Publication of WO2013014561A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013014561A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke detector ("smoke detector") of the open type, comprising at least one pulse-operated light-emitting element and at least one light-detecting element in an open housing and a power supply unit which is connected to the light-emitting element or the ele ⁇ ments.
  • smoke detector of the open type, comprising at least one pulse-operated light-emitting element and at least one light-detecting element in an open housing and a power supply unit which is connected to the light-emitting element or the ele ⁇ ments.
  • the technical field of smoke detectors is characterized by a high level of sophistication and includes various types of smoke detectors, most notably those of the closed type (having a substantially closed detection chamber) and those of the open type (having a space open housing).
  • a smoke detector which operates according to the scattered radiation principle and comprises at least one radiation transmitter and at least one radiation receiver whose radiation paths penetrate a scattering volume. Two pairs of radiation transmitters / receivers are used which form two separate scattering volumes at the same distance from the detector surface.
  • the fire detector also includes a pair of radiation transmitters / radiation receivers for dust compensation.
  • a smoke detector which has a shielding cover window to protect the radiation transmitter and radiation receiver.
  • the cover window which excludes waveguiding effects in the window and prevents light from passing directly to the radiation receiver, without being scattered in the controlled volume.
  • DE 10104861 a smoke detector with detection chamber is described, which operates according to the scattered radiation and transmission light radiation principles. This detector is available as an option for an acquisition in a free space ⁇ faithful volume without detection chamber. The detector has automatic compensation for stable levels of smoke, dust on its surface.
  • DE 10118913 describes a smoke detector of the free-space scattered light type having a plurality of detection volumes, which are organized by a system of lenses and radiation transmitter and radiation receiver arrays.
  • WO 2008017698 a smoke detector is described which uses two different wavelengths for smoke detection and detection between different types of smoke. Two different receivers are directed at different angles on the transmitter central axis.
  • US 20040066512 describes a smoke detector with a smoke chamber which has two diodes emitting in different spectral ranges, preferably for IR (about 880 nm) and blue light (about 400 nm), and two receiving diodes.
  • the transmitting and receiving diodes are at different angles on a flat surface so that forwardly scattered radiation reaches a receiving diode and backscattered radiation reaches the other receiving diode.
  • the detector has good performance for both white and black smoke.
  • US 20080246623 describes an open-type smoke detector in which two emission elements are arranged at different angles and polarization planes are used to distinguish between different types of scattered radiation from the controlled region.
  • EP 1619640 a smoke detector of the open type is described with a very simple circuit arrangement in which two signals from two emission diodes are measured at different angles. The main process steps are performed by a microprocessor. There is also a temperature sensor provided.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved smoke detector of the type described above, the most diverse
  • the invention includes the idea that the power supply unit comprises voltage stabilization means and a power collecting device and a digital power supply monitoring / control unit for monitoring and controlling the operation of the power supply unit and thus of the light emitting element or elements. Furthermore, the invention includes the idea of forming the digital operation monitoring and control unit for real-time control of a turn-on time and a pulse duration of the light-emitting element or elements in response to a temperature signal.
  • the smoke detector has at least one built-in temperature sensor connected to a T-sensor input of the digital operation monitoring and control unit.
  • the power supply unit comprises current stabilizing means, which are arranged on an output side of the energy collecting device and connected to the operation monitoring and control unit via a control line to be controlled by the operation monitoring and control unit.
  • the power supply unit can furthermore be designed to supply the light-emitting element or the elements with sinusoidal pulses.
  • the operation monitoring and control unit comprises noise monitoring means for optically monitoring the detection area, and is adapted to supply the light emitting element or elements at intervals with supply pulses in which external optical noise is below a value above has a predetermined period of certain average value.
  • the Radioestherungs- and control unit is adapted to store a over a predetermined monitoring period in the absence of a smoke detection signal detected optical signal, which in particular contains reflection signals from the structural environment of the smoke detector, as a background interference signal and in a compensation control of Operation of the light-emitting element or elements to use.
  • the operation monitoring and control unit for compensation control of the light-emitting element or the elements operates with signals of the same pulse shape as provided for their operation without compensation control.
  • the light emitting element or elements provide an emission signal in at least two different spectral regions, and the light sensing element or light sensing elements are adapted for signal detection in all emission spectral regions used.
  • this embodiment makes reliable smoke detection possible even if the smoke detector is under the direct influence of sunlight and / or a black or white smoke is to be detected and, if necessary, to be distinguished from one another.
  • the smoke detector has a built-in flame detector connected to a flame detector input of the operation monitoring and control unit, the operation monitoring and control unit configured to control a detector operation in response to a signal from the flame detector is.
  • the flame detector has a UV-type and / or IR-type detector.
  • the proposed smoke detector has three or more LEDs which are arranged in a common plane on a hyperbolic or spiral curve with respect to the light detection element or the light detection elements.
  • the smoke detector comprises a test light-emitting element which is provided and designed exclusively for operation for test purposes, and / or a calibration light-detecting element which is provided and designed exclusively for the purpose of operation, with which signals the light sensing element or the light sensing elements are calibrated.
  • the open housing has at least one light-reflecting surface which is designed to form a light path between the light-emitting element and the light-detecting element and the calibration light-detecting element in order to effect a dust correction of the detector signals.
  • light emitting elements are provided in the direct detection range of light detecting elements on the same optical axis.
  • a first pair of a first light-emitting element and a first light-sensing element is then enclosed in a hermetically sealed housing and a second pair of a second light-emitting element and a second light-sensing element arranged in the open housing.
  • an evaluation unit for receiving the signals of the first and second element pair and for processing the signals of the first Paa ⁇ res for noise compensation of the signals of the second element pair is formed.
  • the smoke detector has at least one sensor input, in particular a multimode optical fiber input, for connecting tion of the smoke detector with an external sensor element, in particular an external temperature sensor and / or external flame detector.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of an embodiment of the smoke detector
  • 2 shows an implementation variant of the voltage stabilization means in the smoke detector according to FIG. 1, FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed illustration of analogue and digital assemblies of the smoke detector according to FIG. 1, FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining an exemplary geometric configuration of essential elements of the smoke detector
  • FIG. 10 shows a combined illustration for further explanation of the geometric configuration according to FIG. 9, FIG.
  • FIG. 11 shows a combined illustration of an embodiment modified from FIG. 10, FIG.
  • 17 is a schematic diagram of a multi-part smoke detector as part of a smoke detection system
  • Fig. 18 is a further schematic diagram of a multi-part smoke detector as part of a smoke detection system
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a novel smoke detection system.
  • Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of a smoke detector SD1 according to the invention.
  • a power supply voltage Vin is applied to the voltage stabilizer STVl and an energy storage circuit PAC.
  • the voltage stabilizer STVl is necessary if we have a power supply from a network, in which the voltage can change over time.
  • the STV 1 is connected to a digital unit DU.
  • a new feature of this technical solution is that the DU digital unit can monitor the power supply in the STVl and the PAC via an analog-to-digital converter ADC and take over power supply management.
  • An important application is shown for example in FIG.
  • the switch-on switching elements KE1, KE2, KE3, KE4 switch on automatically, and the supply voltage reaches the voltage stabilizer STV and the digital unit DU.
  • the main switching element KE turns off, whereby the analog unit AU is disconnected.
  • a microprocessor MP in the DU now receives power and begins operation.
  • the MP then waits until the storage capacitors C1 and C2 are fully charged, and turns off the switching elements KE1 and KE4.
  • the whole circuit receives only from the storage capacitor Cl a supply which is disconnected from the network.
  • the MP analyzes the voltage applied to the Cl via the ADC, and when it reaches a certain minimum level, the MP switches off the switching elements KE2, KE2 and then switches the switching elements KE1, KE4. Now the whole circuit receives only from the storage capacitor C2 a supply.
  • Voltage divider VD 1 and voltage divider VD 2 use operational amplifiers to bring a split supply voltage into the operating range of the ADC.
  • the operational amplifiers achieve better energy savings in this case than sharing voltage with a pair of resistors, although one can go that way.
  • the resistances R2 and R4 are the same and they can be sufficiently different from R1 and R3. This makes it possible to minimize the power consumption from the line and to make the consumption more even without peaks in the supply line. For example, the power consumption of the DU is low when the MP is busy with simple tasks, and the MP can get power from the Cl for a fairly long time and rarely switches to the C2.
  • the MP has to perform a smoke density measurement and switches the supply to the freshly charged C2, then turns on the main switching element KE so that the analog unit AU can operate and then the measurement takes place.
  • the use of energy from the C2 is much stronger than from the Cl and has a sufficiently shorter duration. As a result, there is an even consumption from the external source, and this power consumption is constantly controlled.
  • the smoke detector can draw its power from a battery, and the battery voltage is constantly measured by the MP to alert a user when it reaches its limit.
  • the MP By replacing the analog unit with the main switch elements KE is turned off, the MP achieves a high power saving, and if long-life lithium batteries are used, 5 years of operation can be guaranteed without battery replacement. It is planned to use solar panels for even better power savings and operation without mains connection.
  • the digital unit DU can be disconnected from the analog unit AU so that any radio frequency from the microprocessor does not transition to the supply for the AU and also an abrupt switching of MP terminals does not cause jumps in the AU supply level leads.
  • the AU can also be powered by its own storage capacitors and its own voltage stabilizer, managed by the MP in the STV1.
  • the power supply for the DU and AU should come from one source, because this circuit performs well in a normal environment, but in heavy industrial applications this is an important decision.
  • the microprocessor MP performs power management on the power storage circuit PAC.
  • This circuit has storage capacitors and is intended for powering light-emitting elements. It is necessary for the emitting diodes to receive a high current from the power storage circuit PAC for a short time. Such a high current may make the voltage in a supply line low and may even exceed the battery resources when powering a device therefrom. That's why power storage and management is so necessary in this case.
  • the digital unit DU turns on, then the analog unit AU turns on and operates for a certain time to obtain stable results, then the MP searches for a timing suitable for measurements, and only after that the light emitting elements become simultaneously controlling the current level switched on.
  • the switching of light-emitting elements during a short series of pulses is known per se. What is new about the proposed device is that the pulse duration is used to achieve one and the same performance for the measurement circuit in a very broad temperature range.
  • a communication bus eg a CAN interface, but any device can also be connected directly to a PC via a USB bus, and an Ethernet or radio channel connection is also possible as an option.
  • the system When the smoke density on the gauge reaches a lower threshold (e.g., 0.05 db per 1 meter), the system is instructed to transmit that data to the detectors, and these then store that data along with their respective measured density value.
  • a lower threshold e.g., 0.05 db per 1 meter
  • all detectors set their current in the STC current regulator via the DAC2 in the digital unit (drawing 3) so that their reading is equal to the value received from the PC. Since the smoke density increases very slowly, you can get as many points as you like, creating a whole calibration table in the memory of the detectors.
  • the smoke density reaches its high level (e.g., 0.2 dB per 1 meter), calibration is terminated because it is assumed that the detectors will no longer analyze the situation beyond this point.
  • thermometer unit TU is included in the device. First and foremost it is for calibration and temperature compensation. tion during their mission. However, they can also be used as temperature detectors of the maximum / differential type for better fire detection.
  • Fig. 4 shows a group EE1 of light-emitting elements arranged on a hyperbola.
  • the light passes from it at angles of ⁇ 5 ° to the detection area, but each smoke particle in the area receives light from only one direction, the line connecting this particle and the emitting diode.
  • 3 diodes each particle receives light from 3 slightly different directions.
  • the light-emitting diodes EE1 of group 1 in FIG. 4 are located on a hyperbola. This is because the light from all diodes should be directed onto the optical axis of the sensor element SEI at the same angle.
  • the standard recommended angle is 110 °.
  • the light emitting elements may be a composite (not just diodes), i. one can use diodes together with a lens or optical prism or other optics. In some applications, one uses an optical fiber, in other applications a special plastic prism that makes the surface of the emissive element flat and level with the surface of the detector. In simple applications, the emitting element is just a diode with its own lens inserted into a narrow channel in the housing (the same solutions apply to the sensor elements).
  • the sensor elements of group SEI can also be arranged (as a group) on a curve. This can help to avoid obstacles such as flying insects or flies sitting on the diodes. However, the basic version has only one photodiode SEI.
  • a light-emitting element TEE has been included for test purposes (see FIG. 4).
  • the light emitting element for test purposes is necessary because if there is no smoke in the detection area, you get no response and no optical signal back. That's why the photodiode is being tested to see if it works properly and just can not be detected in the area.
  • This diode TEE is only used to prove that the photodiode is active in the sensor element SEI.
  • the light-emitting element for test purposes can be arranged not only on the surface of the detector but also in it, in which case light is transmitted to the rear part of the sensor element SEI. There is no need for the light emitting elements to test emitted light because one can measure the current flowing through these diodes, and where there is power there is also light.
  • sensor elements SEI and SE2 can be seen in FIG. 4.
  • the main sensor element is SEI, it receives light from the detection area and we make measurements based on signals from the SEI.
  • the sensor element SE2 is directed away from the detection area, it does not receive signals from the light-emitting elements EE1. Its optical axis forms in one and the same direction but at a certain distance from each other (see FIG. 6) substantially the same angle with the surface of the detector as the optical axis of the SEI.
  • the task of the sensor element SE2 is to protect the device from sunlight and artificial light. When sunlight falls on the detector, both the SEI and SE2 receive this signal because sunlight is always a parallel beam of light.
  • the functional diagram (FIG. 3) shows that signals from the light-sensing elements SEI and SE2 pass through separating capacitors SCI and SC2 and then go to a summer S1.
  • the isolation capacitors are designed to eliminate a constant offset of CVC1 and CVC2 converters, as well as to eliminate constant background light.
  • a large part of the sun's energy is already excluded.
  • signals are subtracted from the SEI and SE2 in the summer SI, because the SE2 is inverted at the input of the summer S1.
  • This solution helps keep the rest Exclude from sunlight and achieve a perfect balance against natural and artificial light sources. This is important because sunlight in practice undergoes modulation from the atmosphere, and simply disconnecting a constant level with a cut-off capacitor does not always provide relief. Even though there is a nearby lamp, there are vibration-modulating light modulations. With the proposed solution this is completely excluded.
  • each light detection element is connected to its own current / voltage converter (CVC1 and CVC2).
  • CVC1 keeps the voltage in SEI close to zero, and SE2 generates a current signal in response to light. Then the CVC1 converts signal current into signal voltage. Because of this solution, the device can never be dazzled by a high intensity signal. Usually, a photodiode saturates when it receives high intensity light and can not work for a long period of time.
  • the operation of the summer Sl in Fig. 3 is managed by the microprocessor.
  • a signal from the summer Sl goes to the amplifier AI, then to the ACD and finally in digital form to the microprocessor MP.
  • This solution helps to balance the dust and achieve absolute immunity to all types of artificial light sources, be it an incandescent lamp, a Hg lamp, halogen lamps or new energy-saving lamps or even power diode light solutions.
  • the method of suppressing interference from artificial light sources includes:
  • the microprocessor MP turns on both channels (from the SEI and SE2) in the summer S1 and then receives amplified and digitized signals representing the difference between SEI and SE2. Is it a weak one? Source of artificial light or if this source is at a considerable distance, the signals from the SEI and SE2 will be the same and the MP will receive a signal near zero. Then it is safe to take measurements.
  • the microprocessor MP observes this situation, recognizes the waves of modulated light from artificial sources, because all the lamps get their power at the industrial frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. With emitted light, this frequency is doubled to 100 Hz and 120 Hz, respectively, because the lamps emit light in both positive and negative half cycles.
  • the microprocessor MP finds the time interval in which the signal from the lamps reaches its minimum value, and in this minimum, real measurements of the smoke density are made. This method even eliminates such a dangerous source as a Hg 500W searchlight at a distance of 0.5 m. This particular lamp is very critical because it has a broad spectral characteristic and passes through all the optical filters.
  • the main method of measuring smoke density involves the following steps:
  • the microprocessor MP receives an operating voltage from the voltage stabilizer STV1 and starts work.
  • the microprocessor MP sends a measurement request to the ADC and retrieves data about the voltage levels of the storage capacitors in the STV1 and the current storage circuit PAC. When all capacitors are fully charged, the operation of the AU analog unit is possible. Thereafter, the microprocessor MP constantly performs the power management as described above.
  • the microprocessor MP constantly measures the ambient temperature with the aid of the digital thermometer unit TU.
  • the microprocessor MP turns on the switching element KE and waits for a predetermined period of time until the analog Unit AU comes into stable operation.
  • the microprocessor MP turns on both channels in summer S1 and receives, via the ADC, a signal from amplifier AI to determine the timing for proper measurement with minimal optical noise, as described above in the Artificial Light Source Control Method.
  • the microprocessor MP When the signal from the amplifier AI reaches its minimum, the microprocessor MP turns on a freshly charged storage capacitor C2 in the voltage stabilizer STV1 (and turns off the Cl of the AU, thereby connecting the Cl to the input voltage). In simpler modifications, the microprocessor MP simply monitors only the voltage on the STV1, so that the analog unit AU gets the necessary voltage, and if the stabilized voltage on the analog unit AU differs from a predetermined value, the microprocessor MP calculates this difference and decreases Corrections to received signals. When the microprocessor MP has determined the correct time for measurements, it sends data about the level of current to the DAC2 which should be established across the light-emitting elements with respect to the ambient temperature.
  • the digital / analog converter DAC2 sets its output according to this data, and this signal goes to the current stabilizer STC. Then, the microprocessor MP turns on the current stabilizer STC and sends measurement current to the light-emitting elements (group EE1 in Fig. 4). Light from the light-emitting elements runs at the same angle to the optical axis of the main sensor element SEI (FIG. 5) through the detection area. Preferably, but not exclusively, the angle is 110 °.
  • the light emitting elements (Group 1) send a very short pulse of light (or series of pulses) of known duration and intensity characteristic under the control of the microprocessor MP.
  • the light signal reaches the detection area, but there is no smoke and so no light can be scattered by smoke particles.
  • obstacles may be in the area, such as nearby walls or rows of containers in warehouses and the like.
  • hands of cleaning staff near the detector and on this sitting insect.
  • a certain signal from the light-emitting elements can be reflected back from the detection area, and this light reaches the sensor element SEI.
  • this light is converted by the SEI into an electrical current signal, which then converts the current / voltage converter CVC1 into a voltage signal. Then only the AC part of this signal passes through the isolating capacitor SCI. The same conversion is done by the SE2, the CVC2 and the SC2. Both channels meet in the summing SI to each other.
  • the light signal from this reaches both sensor elements SEI and SE2 and is effectively subtracted in summer S1. Then only high frequency pulses (above 1 kHz) pass through the SC3 isolating capacitor to protect the measuring part from industrial EMI radiation (at frequencies of about 50-60 Hz or 100-120 Hz). Short duration pulses from the light emitting elements reflected from obstacles in the area then pass through the separator capacitor SC3 and reach the summer S2.
  • the microprocessor MP sends a zero value to the DACl so that the signal from the SC3 goes to the output of the summer S2 unchanged.
  • the microprocessor MP sends a command to the ADC to take measurements and receives back data via signals at the output of the summer S2.
  • the microprocessor If there is a very strong reflection (for example, of nearby walls or if one protects a ventilation duct or a narrow channel for electric cables), then the microprocessor already receives a significant signal at this stage. Thus, the microprocessor MP sends a calculated value to the DACl, and the DACI equalizes the noise measured from reflections in the detection area.
  • the microprocessor MP sets the level in the DAC1 in advance to the previously calculated value, so that the signal from the DAC1 is subtracted from the signal from the separating capacitor SC3. Since the signals are almost completely balanced, you now need a gain, to see a certain significant signal. This is the reason why the microprocessor MP also receives signals from the output of amplifiers A2, A3 and A4 from the ADC, each of which has a certain gain, preferably with stages of x10 (each signal being amplified by 10) at each amplifier , Thereafter, this microprocessor MP will correct data for the DAC1 and will continue to use that more accurate value.
  • the microprocessor MP uses the ADC to measure a signal from an integrator Int which integrates the signal from the A4 during pulses. The result provides an offset value for micro-correction, and this data is stored in the MP along with correction data for the DAC1 (for example, in a ROM or flash memory). The microprocessor MP continues to perform measurements at certain intervals, for example, 1 time in 1 second.
  • the microprocessor MP determines the duration of short pulses of light (or bursts of pulses) in terms of temperature so that the pulses match the operating frequency of narrow band filters in the amplifiers A2, A3 and A4 (as described in the calibration procedure above). Usually, this duration will be on the order of 15 microseconds under normal conditions.
  • the microprocessor MP also determines the light intensity, sends data to the DAC2, and produces the known current in the current stabilizer STC (the data sent to the DAC2 depends on the temperature value, as described above).
  • the microprocessor MP controls the real current through the light-emitting elements by means of the ADC.
  • a light signal from the detection area is scattered by smoke particles, it reaches the sensor element SEI and becomes there converted into an electrical current signal.
  • the current / voltage converter CVC1 converts it into a voltage signal. Only the AC voltage part of this signal passes through the isolating capacitor SCI. The same conversion is done by the SE2, the CVC2, SC2 only on the noise signal.
  • a light signal from backlight sources reaches both sensor elements SEI and SE2 and is subtracted in summer S1.
  • Short-duration pulses from the light-emitting elements pass through the separating capacitor SC3 and reach the summing S2.
  • the microprocessor MP sends a previously calculated value for correcting a noise signal from reflections to the DACl.
  • summer S2 the signals are subtracted, and then only the true part of this signal, which corresponds to the real signal of smoke, goes to amplifiers A2, A3 A4 and integrator Int.
  • the microprocessor MP layers a measurement request to the ADC and receives all of these signals in digital form.
  • the microprocessor MP considers the measurement signal level, subtracts the offset value from the noise, compares the result to the coefficient table stored in its memory (according to factory calibration section 3), and calculates the real smoke density value. Then, the MP compares this value with predetermined thresholds, and if the measurement is greater than a first threshold, the MP generates a "Caution.” If this value has risen to a second threshold for a predetermined time (as recommended by regulation) the MP a signal "alarm".
  • a user may choose to only cross a threshold without time calculation. Or the user may determine that the smoke intensity is differentiated and an alarm is given in case of a sudden signal increase. Or the user may choose to ignore sudden jumps (because of the proximity of the person moving the detector), but in this case the detector can take a series of quick successive measurements, thereby taking into account reflections from moving objects eliminate.
  • a quick response even to low smoke levels is essential (for example, ventilation systems extract almost the entire volume of air and fill rooms with fresh air for 1 minute).
  • the microprocessor MP can transmit with the help of an output driver always accurate data on the smoke density to the higher level of the fire protection system. And this is also highly recommended because at the higher level, the receiving unit collects information about smoke density levels from many different detectors and performs statistical analysis, separating numbers that may give rise to suspicion (for example, if there is real smoke near a detector) small source such as a cigarette is detected, but at other detectors only a slow increase in the background noise level can be seen). This is accomplished in one of our many detector unit modifications. That's almost all about the main process.
  • the method of dust compensation in the detector includes special design solutions shown in FIG.
  • the inventors have found that when a groove is made on the circumference of the detector housing to pass through the light emitting elements and sensor elements, reflections of light passing through the reflective edges of the groove from the light emitting elements to the sensor elements are seen even if there is no direct passage of light. It does not matter how big or thin this groove is, it should only pass through the elements with the light emitting and sensing elements located on its inside. So there are several design solutions for dust compensation.
  • a first solution you milled a broad oval plane and leaves a smooth edge on the circumference in the form of a helix, and in the middle of the housing in the form of a flat circle.
  • the second construction solution there are two separate grooves of oval shape, one containing light-emitting elements and the main sensor element SEI, and the second, smaller oval groove containing light-emitting elements. animal element and the second sensor element SE2.
  • a third design solution has only small reflective surfaces near the light-emitting elements and the second sensor element. The small reflective edges in this solution are actually just a continuation of channels in the detector housing into which light-emitting elements are inserted; this is sufficient to obtain a sufficient reflection to the sensor element SEI. All protruding parts are marked hatched in Fig. 7.
  • the microprocessor MP first measures the signal from the main sensor element SEI. For this purpose, the microprocessor MP selects a possible time for measurement according to the method for combating artificial light, then measures the signal from the detection area after the main process, and then corrects it. A dust correction is only carried out if there is no risk of fire. Then, the MP transmits a signal to the summer S1 and turns off the channel from the sensor element SE2 to perform only measurements on the SEI. The MP measures the signal from the SEI and stores it in its memory, then sends a signal to summer S1 and turns on the channel from sensor element SEI and from sensor element SE2 to take measurements only on SE2. Then the MP measures the signal from the SE2 and also stores it in its memory. The MP compares signals from an earlier calibration with newly measured signals and calculates a saturation of the signal due to dust on its surface.
  • smoke detectors of open design combined with IR flame detector (sensitive in at least 2 spectral ranges) (variant 4, Fig. 14), smoke detectors of open design, combined with temperature and UV flame detector ( Variant 5, Fig. 15), smoke detector of the open type, combined with temperature and IR flame detector (variant 6, Fig. 15). Smoke detector of open design, combined with temperature detector, UV flame detector and IR flame detector (sensitive in at least two spectral ranges) (variant 7, Fig. 16).
  • thermo detectors and flame detectors of the UV and / or IR type There may also be partial modifications combined with temperature detectors and flame detectors of the UV and / or IR type. All of these variants may be equipped with optical fibers or cables to establish communication between the MU control unit (where all the electronics are located) and a remote RDU detector unit (where only optics are to be used for high temperature applications or reliable, simple electronics such as diodes) (variant 10) , Fig. 17).
  • a modified solution is shown as variant 11 in FIG. Fig. 18 shows a main indicator unit MU connected to a plurality of remote sensor units RDU 1 to RDU4. This is a good solution for the industry, where a large work hall or workshop can be protected as a zone for a fire extinguishing system. This gives users the opportunity to install only one or two detectors with many remote sensor units (up to 30 on a main unit) instead of dozens of separate detectors. This is an exceptionally economical solution.
  • the microprocessor MP can make fine adjustments in the amplifiers A2, A3 and A4; this is needed to automatically calibrate the device in the factory.
  • the connection between the MP and the integrator is intended to allow the integrator to operate only during known periods of storage of the level of the integrated signal and its reset by the MP.
  • a high speed ADC is currently used, but in more cost effective modifications one can use a slower ADC in combination with a peak detector controlled by the microprocessor MP.
  • the ADC can be part of the microprocessor.
  • the typically weak signal of the light sensing element generally requires high gain factors, but these are inevitably associated with corresponding power consumption and additional noise.
  • a primary signal consisting of a positive and subsequent negative half-wave, after filtering and amplification, is processed by inverting the negative half-wave and adding to the positive half-wave.
  • suitable switching elements are provided in front of the integrator, parts of the half-waves are masked out in order in particular to pass only the middle section with the greatest signal amplitude as the useful signal.
  • Two different zones can be set up for earlier detection, and for smoke spreading in layers or horizons (see Fig.
  • the smoke detector of the open design can be combined with a temperature detector, flame, UV and IR detectors (see Fig. 13, 14, 15, 16).
  • the smoke detection system SYS comprises in the exemplary representation of a system control station SCS and three smoke detectors SDL, SD2 and SD3 with fundamentally different structure, which are arranged in different rooms of a building to be monitored.
  • the smoke detector SD1 is of the integrated type in which all components are housed in a single housing; the smoke detector RD2 is of the two-part type as shown in Figs.
  • the smoke detector RD3 may be referred to as a multi-part type having a control unit MU3 and a detector unit RDU3 which also contains the transmitting and detecting elements serving the actual smoke message, is provided (at least) with a remote additional detector XDU. Connections between the system components and subcomponents are made in the manner described in the general part of the description as a first, second, and third level bidirectional communication link, at least in part, on an optical fiber basis.
  • One method of operating such a network is as follows: There is a special program on a laptop or a receiver unit with radio channel, and this program finds a detector from our company as soon as it is turned on. Then the detectors are switched on one at a time and attached to the ceiling according to the project documentation, and no wire connection is needed. The detectors register themselves in the PC, and they get access rights depending on their priority. So you first install “server” messages that forward information from other subordinate detectors to the PC, and the "server” messages must always be in direct view of each other. If a "server” detector is separated from others by a wall, it may be necessary to make a short wire connection through the wall to the nearest detector manufacture.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un détecteur de fumée de type ouvert, comprenant au moins un élément émetteur de lumière fonctionnant au moyen d'impulsions et un élément de détection de lumière dans un boîtier ouvert et une unité d'alimentation électrique qui est reliée à l'élément émetteur de lumière ou auxdits éléments. L'unité d'alimentation électrique comprends des moyens de stabilisation de tension et un dispositif de collecte d'énergie ainsi qu'une unité de contrôle/commande d'alimentation électrique numérique destinée à contrôler et commander le fonctionnement de l'unité d'alimentation électrique et ainsi que de l'élément émetteur de lumière ou des éléments. L'unité de contrôle et de commande numérique est conçue pour commander en temps réel une durée d'établissement et une durée d'impulsion de l'élément émetteur de lumière ou desdits éléments en fonction d'un signal de température.
PCT/IB2012/053409 2011-07-22 2012-07-04 Détecteur de fumée fonctionnant au moyen d'impulsions équipé d'une unité de commande numérique Ceased WO2013014561A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12751113.7A EP2734988B1 (fr) 2011-07-22 2012-07-04 Détecteur de fumée fonctionnant au moyen d'impulsions équipé d'une unité de commande numérique
EA201391722A EA026448B1 (ru) 2011-07-22 2012-07-04 Импульсно работающий детектор дыма с цифровым управляющим модулем

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011108389.1 2011-07-22
DE102011108389A DE102011108389A1 (de) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Rauchdetektor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013014561A1 true WO2013014561A1 (fr) 2013-01-31

Family

ID=46750375

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2012/053409 Ceased WO2013014561A1 (fr) 2011-07-22 2012-07-04 Détecteur de fumée fonctionnant au moyen d'impulsions équipé d'une unité de commande numérique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2734988B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011108389A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA026448B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013014561A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10852233B2 (en) * 2016-06-15 2020-12-01 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for chamberless smoke detection and indoor air quality monitoring
US11568730B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2023-01-31 Carrier Corporation Compensator in a detector device

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015004458B4 (de) * 2014-06-26 2016-05-12 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren für einen klassifizierenden, rauchkammerlosen Luftzustandssensor zur Prognostizierung eines folgenden Betriebszustands
DE102014019773B4 (de) 2014-12-17 2023-12-07 Elmos Semiconductor Se Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mittels des Displays eines Mobiltelefons
DE102014019172B4 (de) * 2014-12-17 2023-12-07 Elmos Semiconductor Se Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mit einem kompensierenden optischen Messsystem
EP3472813B1 (fr) * 2016-06-15 2021-08-18 Carrier Corporation Procédé de détection de fumée
DE102018220600B4 (de) * 2018-11-29 2020-08-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Detektieren von Partikeln
US11493229B2 (en) 2019-03-20 2022-11-08 Carrier Corporation Chamberless wide area duct smoke detector

Citations (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2632876A1 (de) * 1975-07-21 1977-01-27 Gen Signal Corp Rauchdetektor
EP0094534A1 (fr) * 1982-05-13 1983-11-23 Cerberus Ag Détecteur de fumée suivant le principe du rayonnement-extinction
WO1993015483A1 (fr) 1992-01-25 1993-08-05 Werner Pfleiderer Gmbh Elektrotechnische Fabrik Dispositif de protection pour la surveillance et la securisation de zones d'acces dans des entrepots
EP0571843A1 (fr) * 1992-05-25 1993-12-01 Nohmi Bosai Ltd. Détecteur d'incendie
EP0618555A2 (fr) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-05 Nohmi Bosai Ltd. Avertisseur d'incendie équipé d'un détecteur de fumée
WO1995004338A2 (fr) 1993-07-30 1995-02-09 Airsense Technology Limited Systeme detecteur de fumee
GB2293472A (en) 1994-08-25 1996-03-27 Jsb Electrical Plc Fire alarms
GB2319604A (en) 1996-11-25 1998-05-27 Kidde Fire Protection Ltd Smoke and particle detector
DE19740922A1 (de) 1997-09-17 1999-03-18 Siemens Nixdorf Inf Syst Brandmeldeanlage zur Brandfrüherkennung
WO1999016033A1 (fr) 1997-09-23 1999-04-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Detecteur de fumee
DE19809896A1 (de) 1998-03-07 1999-09-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Brandmelder
US6075447A (en) 1998-12-17 2000-06-13 Nightingale; Michael S. Smoke detecting christmas tree ornament system
US6195011B1 (en) 1996-07-02 2001-02-27 Simplex Time Recorder Company Early fire detection using temperature and smoke sensing
US6218950B1 (en) 1999-01-21 2001-04-17 Caradon Esser Gmbh Scattered light fire detector
DE19951403A1 (de) 1999-10-26 2001-05-03 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Rauch
GB2357358A (en) 1999-12-13 2001-06-20 Pittway Corp Group definition in a monitoring system
US20020080040A1 (en) 2000-09-22 2002-06-27 Joachim Schneider Scattering light smoke alarm
DE10118913A1 (de) 2001-04-19 2002-11-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Streulichtrauchmelder
DE10104861A1 (de) 2001-02-03 2002-11-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Branderkennung
US20040066512A1 (en) 2002-10-07 2004-04-08 Heiner Politze Fire detection method and fire detector therefor
WO2004032083A1 (fr) 2002-10-02 2004-04-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Detecteur de fumees
GB2410085A (en) 2004-01-16 2005-07-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Scattered-light fire detector for flush-mounting in a ceiling
EP1555642A1 (fr) 2002-10-10 2005-07-20 Valery Vasilievich Ovchinnikov Procede de formation et de transmission de signaux
WO2005069242A1 (fr) 2004-01-13 2005-07-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Détecteur d'incendie pourvu de plusieurs volumes d'analyse
US20050219045A1 (en) 2004-03-30 2005-10-06 Takashi Ito Fire sensor and fire sensor status information acquisition system
EP1619640A1 (fr) 2004-07-23 2006-01-25 Siemens Schweiz AG Detecteur de fumée à lumière diffusée
WO2006024960A1 (fr) 2004-07-09 2006-03-09 Tyco Safety Products Canada Ltd. Etalonnage des detecteurs de fumee
WO2008017698A1 (fr) 2006-08-09 2008-02-14 Siemens Schweiz Ag Détecteur de fumée à lumière diffuse
US20080246623A1 (en) 2003-11-17 2008-10-09 Tetsuya Nagashima Light Scattering Type Smoke Detector

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2044504B (en) * 1979-03-17 1983-04-20 Hochiki Co Count discriminating fire detector
DE102004004098B3 (de) * 2004-01-27 2005-09-01 Wagner Alarm- Und Sicherungssysteme Gmbh Verfahren zur Auswertung eines Streulichtsignals und Streulichtdetektor zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Patent Citations (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2632876A1 (de) * 1975-07-21 1977-01-27 Gen Signal Corp Rauchdetektor
EP0094534A1 (fr) * 1982-05-13 1983-11-23 Cerberus Ag Détecteur de fumée suivant le principe du rayonnement-extinction
WO1993015483A1 (fr) 1992-01-25 1993-08-05 Werner Pfleiderer Gmbh Elektrotechnische Fabrik Dispositif de protection pour la surveillance et la securisation de zones d'acces dans des entrepots
EP0571843A1 (fr) * 1992-05-25 1993-12-01 Nohmi Bosai Ltd. Détecteur d'incendie
EP0618555A2 (fr) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-05 Nohmi Bosai Ltd. Avertisseur d'incendie équipé d'un détecteur de fumée
WO1995004338A2 (fr) 1993-07-30 1995-02-09 Airsense Technology Limited Systeme detecteur de fumee
GB2293472A (en) 1994-08-25 1996-03-27 Jsb Electrical Plc Fire alarms
US6195011B1 (en) 1996-07-02 2001-02-27 Simplex Time Recorder Company Early fire detection using temperature and smoke sensing
GB2319604A (en) 1996-11-25 1998-05-27 Kidde Fire Protection Ltd Smoke and particle detector
DE19740922A1 (de) 1997-09-17 1999-03-18 Siemens Nixdorf Inf Syst Brandmeldeanlage zur Brandfrüherkennung
WO1999016033A1 (fr) 1997-09-23 1999-04-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Detecteur de fumee
DE19809896A1 (de) 1998-03-07 1999-09-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Brandmelder
US6075447A (en) 1998-12-17 2000-06-13 Nightingale; Michael S. Smoke detecting christmas tree ornament system
US6218950B1 (en) 1999-01-21 2001-04-17 Caradon Esser Gmbh Scattered light fire detector
DE19951403A1 (de) 1999-10-26 2001-05-03 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Rauch
GB2357358A (en) 1999-12-13 2001-06-20 Pittway Corp Group definition in a monitoring system
US20020080040A1 (en) 2000-09-22 2002-06-27 Joachim Schneider Scattering light smoke alarm
DE10104861A1 (de) 2001-02-03 2002-11-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Branderkennung
DE10118913A1 (de) 2001-04-19 2002-11-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Streulichtrauchmelder
US20060202847A1 (en) 2002-10-02 2006-09-14 Ulrich Oppelt Smoke detector
WO2004032083A1 (fr) 2002-10-02 2004-04-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Detecteur de fumees
US20040066512A1 (en) 2002-10-07 2004-04-08 Heiner Politze Fire detection method and fire detector therefor
EP1555642A1 (fr) 2002-10-10 2005-07-20 Valery Vasilievich Ovchinnikov Procede de formation et de transmission de signaux
US20080246623A1 (en) 2003-11-17 2008-10-09 Tetsuya Nagashima Light Scattering Type Smoke Detector
WO2005069242A1 (fr) 2004-01-13 2005-07-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Détecteur d'incendie pourvu de plusieurs volumes d'analyse
GB2410085A (en) 2004-01-16 2005-07-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Scattered-light fire detector for flush-mounting in a ceiling
US20050219045A1 (en) 2004-03-30 2005-10-06 Takashi Ito Fire sensor and fire sensor status information acquisition system
WO2006024960A1 (fr) 2004-07-09 2006-03-09 Tyco Safety Products Canada Ltd. Etalonnage des detecteurs de fumee
EP1619640A1 (fr) 2004-07-23 2006-01-25 Siemens Schweiz AG Detecteur de fumée à lumière diffusée
WO2008017698A1 (fr) 2006-08-09 2008-02-14 Siemens Schweiz Ag Détecteur de fumée à lumière diffuse

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10852233B2 (en) * 2016-06-15 2020-12-01 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for chamberless smoke detection and indoor air quality monitoring
US11568730B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2023-01-31 Carrier Corporation Compensator in a detector device
US11790751B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2023-10-17 Carrier Corporation Compensator in a detector device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA026448B1 (ru) 2017-04-28
EP2734988B1 (fr) 2016-03-02
EP2734988A1 (fr) 2014-05-28
EA201391722A1 (ru) 2014-06-30
DE102011108389A1 (de) 2013-01-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2734988B1 (fr) Détecteur de fumée fonctionnant au moyen d'impulsions équipé d'une unité de commande numérique
DE69737459T2 (de) Feuer- und rauchdetektion sowie steuerungssystem
EP2603907B1 (fr) Évaluation de signaux de lumière diffusée dans le cas d'un avertisseur optique de danger, et émission d'un avertissement de présence de poussière /vapeur ou d'une alarme incendie
EP3029647B1 (fr) Détecteur de fumée à écran diffusant ouvert, notamment équipé d'une LED Side-looker
DE2504300C3 (de) Vorrichtung zur Messung des Absorptionsvermögens eines Mediums, insbesondere von Rauch
WO2008017698A1 (fr) Détecteur de fumée à lumière diffuse
DE102007045329A1 (de) LED-Beleuchtungseinheit
WO2017194367A1 (fr) Détecteur d'incendie doté d'une photodiode pour détecter la lumière ambiante, de sorte à accélérer le déclenchement d'une éventuelle alarme incendie en fonction du résultat
EP2423895A2 (fr) Alarme incendie à lumière diffusée dotée de moyens de suppression d'une alerte acoustique en cas de faible tension d'alimentation
EP3332394A1 (fr) Appareil de traitement de surface et station de base
WO1995033248A1 (fr) Detecteur infrarouge d'intrusion actif
DE102011108390B4 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rauchdetektors vom offenen Typ
DE202012013188U1 (de) Anordnung zum Detektieren und Anzeigen einer Laserstrahlung
EP0926646A1 (fr) Détecteur de fumée optique
AT524252B1 (de) Leitvorrichtung für Personen mit eingeschränktem Sehvermögen
DE4320873A1 (de) Schaltungsanordnung für einen optischen Melder zur Umweltüberwachung und Anzeige eines Störmediums
EP1155296B1 (fr) Module capteur avec dispositif de traitement de signal integre
DE102016208357A1 (de) Brandmelder, insbesondere offener Streulichtrauchmelder, mit einer Photodiode zur Erfassung von Umgebungslicht, um davon abhängig den optischen Signalpfad bei der Streulicht-Brandanalyse zu beschleunigen
EP0886252B1 (fr) Dispositif de détection de fumée optique fonctionnent selon le principe d'extinction
EP0631265B1 (fr) Dispositif détecteur optique pour la surveillance d'environnement et l'indication d'un milieu perturbateur
EP4043870B1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de détermination du degré de pollution d'une surface d'un module solaire
WO2014180773A1 (fr) Détecteur d'incendie
DE102013019532B4 (de) Lichtstrahlempfänger mit verbesserter Störsignalunterdrückung
DE69525875T2 (de) Detektor einer Helligkeitsschwelle zum Steuern einer öffentlichen Beleuchtungsanlage
WO1998002856A1 (fr) Detecteur de mouvements pour commander des appareils electriques

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12751113

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2012751113

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 201391722

Country of ref document: EA