WO2013011810A1 - プラズマ生成装置、内燃機関及び分析装置 - Google Patents
プラズマ生成装置、内燃機関及び分析装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013011810A1 WO2013011810A1 PCT/JP2012/066350 JP2012066350W WO2013011810A1 WO 2013011810 A1 WO2013011810 A1 WO 2013011810A1 JP 2012066350 W JP2012066350 W JP 2012066350W WO 2013011810 A1 WO2013011810 A1 WO 2013011810A1
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- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- discharge
- electromagnetic wave
- high voltage
- electrode
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P23/00—Other ignition
- F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
- F02P23/045—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays using electromagnetic microwaves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P3/00—Other installations
- F02P3/02—Other installations having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
- F02P3/04—Layout of circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
- F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
- F02P9/007—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression by supplementary electrical discharge in the pre-ionised electrode interspace of the sparking plug, e.g. plasma jet ignition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/66—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
- G01N21/67—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using electric arcs or discharges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/66—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
- G01N21/68—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using high frequency electric fields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/50—Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
- H05H1/461—Microwave discharges
- H05H1/463—Microwave discharges using antennas or applicators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plasma generation device that uses electromagnetic wave energy, an internal combustion engine that includes the plasma generation device, and an analysis device that includes the plasma generation device.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses an ignition device that constitutes this type of plasma generation device.
- the ignition device described in Patent Document 1 is provided in an internal combustion engine.
- the ignition device radiates microwaves to the combustion chamber before or after ignition of the air-fuel mixture to cause plasma discharge.
- the ignition device creates a local plasma using the discharge of the ignition plug so that the plasma is generated in a high pressure field, and this plasma is grown by the microwave. Local plasma is generated in the discharge gap between the tip of the anode terminal and the ground terminal.
- discharge plasma plasma generated by discharge
- discharge plasma may not be expanded by electromagnetic waves, even if the positional relationship between the discharge gap and the radiating antenna is slightly changed. It is difficult to adjust the position of the radiation antenna with respect to the discharge gap so that the discharge plasma is expanded by electromagnetic waves.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a point, and an object thereof is to facilitate position adjustment of a radiating antenna in a plasma generation apparatus that expands plasma generated by discharge with electromagnetic waves.
- an electromagnetic wave generator for generating an electromagnetic wave
- a radiation antenna for radiating an electromagnetic wave output from the electromagnetic wave generator to a target space
- a high voltage generator for generating a high voltage
- the target space A discharge electrode to which a high voltage output from the high voltage generator is applied, and the radiation antenna forms a discharge gap between the discharge electrode and a high voltage from the high voltage generator.
- the plasma generating device generates discharge plasma in the discharge gap by outputting a voltage, and radiates electromagnetic waves from the radiation antenna by outputting electromagnetic waves from the electromagnetic wave generating device to expand the discharge plasma.
- the radiating antenna serves as a ground electrode of a spark plug, for example.
- the discharge plasma is generated between a radiation antenna that emits electromagnetic waves and a discharge electrode to which a high voltage is applied.
- dielectric breakdown occurs, and free electrons are emitted from existing molecules.
- the electric field due to the electromagnetic wave is concentrated, and free electrons are accelerated by the electric field.
- the accelerated free electrons collide with surrounding molecules and are ionized. Free electrons generated by ionization are also accelerated by the electric field and ionize surrounding molecules. Ionization occurs in an avalanche style. As a result, the discharge plasma expands.
- free electrons that trigger electromagnetic wave plasma are emitted in the vicinity of the radiation antenna.
- the radiation antenna is grounded.
- the radiating antenna is formed in a C shape or an annular shape surrounding the discharge electrode.
- the target space is provided at a position where no discharge occurs between the high voltage generator and the discharge electrode even when a high voltage is applied to the discharge electrode.
- an electromagnetic wave generator for generating an electromagnetic wave
- a radiation antenna for radiating the electromagnetic wave output from the electromagnetic wave generator to a target space
- a high voltage generator for generating a high voltage
- the target space Between the discharge electrode to which the high voltage output from the high voltage generator is applied, a first electrode forming a first discharge gap between the discharge electrode, and the first electrode And a second electrode for forming a second discharge gap, and generating a discharge plasma in the first discharge gap and the second discharge gap by outputting a high voltage from the high voltage generator, and By outputting an electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic wave generator, an electromagnetic wave is emitted from the antenna to expand the discharge plasma in each of the first discharge gap and the second discharge gap. It is between generating device.
- a sixth invention includes the plasma generation device according to any one of the first to fifth inventions, and an internal combustion engine main body in which a combustion chamber is formed, wherein the discharge gap of the antenna and the discharge electrode is the combustion of the combustion chamber. It is an internal combustion engine provided in the internal combustion engine body so as to be positioned in the chamber.
- a seventh aspect of the invention is the plasma generation apparatus according to the first or second aspect, wherein the analysis target substance is in a plasma state, and the plasma of the analysis target substance is generated by the plasma generation apparatus. And an optical analyzer that analyzes the analysis light emitted from the region and analyzes the analysis target substance.
- the radiation antenna and the discharge electrode are provided, and a casing that partitions the target space is provided.
- the radiation antenna is formed in a rod shape, and the discharge is included in the casing. It protrudes from the surface facing the surface on which the electrode is provided toward the discharge electrode.
- the plasma generation device maintains the plasma expanded by the electromagnetic waves by continuing to radiate the electromagnetic waves from the radiation antenna, and the optical analysis device The analysis target substance is analyzed using a time integral value of the emission intensity of the analysis light during a plasma maintenance period in which the generation apparatus maintains plasma.
- the plasma generator radiates electromagnetic waves from the radiation antenna in a continuous wave during the plasma maintenance period.
- the analysis target substance is moved to a region where the plasma maintained by the plasma generation apparatus is present during the plasma maintenance period, thereby bringing the analysis target substance into a plasma state.
- the present invention by causing dielectric breakdown between the discharge electrode and the radiation antenna, free electrons that trigger electromagnetic wave plasma are emitted in the vicinity of the radiation antenna. Therefore, if the position of the radiation antenna is determined with respect to the discharge electrode so that dielectric breakdown occurs due to a high voltage, the discharge plasma is expanded by the electromagnetic wave, so that the position adjustment of the radiation antenna can be facilitated.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an internal combustion engine according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the ceiling surface of the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a plasma generation apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of a ceiling surface of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of a ceiling surface of a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine according to a modification of Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the analyzer which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of an analyzer according to a first modification of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of an analyzer according to a second modification of the third embodiment.
- Embodiment 1 is essentially preferable examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, its application, or its use.
- the first embodiment is an internal combustion engine 10 provided with a plasma generation device 30 according to the present invention.
- the internal combustion engine 10 is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine in which a piston 23 reciprocates.
- the internal combustion engine 10 includes an internal combustion engine body 11 and a plasma generation device 30. In the internal combustion engine 10, the combustion cycle in which the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 20 is ignited by the plasma generated by the plasma generator 30 and the air-fuel mixture is combusted is repeatedly performed.
- -Internal combustion engine body
- the internal combustion engine main body 11 includes a cylinder block 21, a cylinder head 22, and a piston 23 as shown in FIG.
- a plurality of cylinders 24 having a circular cross section are formed in the cylinder block 21.
- a piston 23 is provided in each cylinder 24 so as to reciprocate.
- the piston 23 is connected to the crankshaft via a connecting rod (not shown).
- the crankshaft is rotatably supported by the cylinder block 21.
- the cylinder head 22 is placed on the cylinder block 21 with the gasket 18 in between.
- the cylinder head 22 forms a combustion chamber 20 having a circular cross section together with the cylinder 24 and the piston 23.
- the diameter of the combustion chamber 20 is, for example, about half of the wavelength of the microwave radiated from the radiation antenna 16 described later.
- each discharge electrode 15 constituting a part of the discharge device 12 is provided for each cylinder 24.
- Each discharge electrode 15 is provided at the tip of a cylindrical insulator 17 embedded in the cylinder head 22. As shown in FIG. 2, each discharge electrode 15 is located at the center of the ceiling surface 51 of the combustion chamber 20 (the surface exposed to the combustion chamber 20 in the cylinder head 22).
- An intake port 25 and an exhaust port 26 are formed in the cylinder head 22 for each cylinder 24.
- the intake port 25 is provided with an intake valve 27 that opens and closes an intake side opening 25a of the intake port 25, and an injector 29 that injects fuel.
- the exhaust port 26 is provided with an exhaust valve 28 for opening and closing the exhaust side opening 26 a of the exhaust port 26.
- the intake port 25 is designed in the internal combustion engine body 11 so that a strong tumble flow is formed in the combustion chamber 20.
- the plasma generation apparatus 30 includes a discharge device 12 and an electromagnetic wave emission device 13.
- the discharge device 12 is provided for each combustion chamber 20.
- Each discharge device 12 includes an ignition coil 14 (high voltage generation device) that generates a high voltage pulse, and a discharge electrode 15 to which the high voltage pulse output from the ignition coil 14 is applied.
- the ignition coil 14 is connected to a DC power source (not shown). When the ignition coil 14 receives an ignition signal from the electronic control unit 35, the ignition coil 14 boosts the voltage applied from the DC power source and outputs the boosted high voltage pulse to the discharge electrode 15.
- the discharge electrode 15 is provided on the end face of the insulator 17 that penetrates the cylinder head 22.
- An electric wire (not shown) for electrically connecting the ignition coil 14 and the discharge electrode 15 is embedded in the insulator 17. Both the electric wire and the discharge electrode 15 are insulated from the cylinder head 22 by an insulator 17.
- a discharge gap is formed between the discharge electrode 15 and a radiation antenna 16 described later. When a high voltage pulse is supplied to the discharge electrode 15, a spark discharge occurs in the discharge gap.
- the electromagnetic wave radiation device 13 includes an electromagnetic wave generator 31, an electromagnetic wave switch 32, and a radiation antenna 16.
- the electromagnetic wave generation device 31 and the electromagnetic wave switch 32 are provided one by one, and the radiation antenna 16 is provided for each combustion chamber 20.
- the electromagnetic wave generator 31 When receiving the electromagnetic wave drive signal from the electronic control device 35, the electromagnetic wave generator 31 repeatedly outputs a microwave pulse with a predetermined duty ratio.
- the electromagnetic wave drive signal is a pulse signal, and the electromagnetic wave generator 31 repeatedly outputs the microwave pulse over the time of the pulse width of the electromagnetic wave drive signal.
- a semiconductor oscillator In the electromagnetic wave generator 31, a semiconductor oscillator generates a microwave pulse. In place of the semiconductor oscillator, another oscillator such as a magnetron may be used.
- the electromagnetic wave switch 32 includes one input terminal and a plurality of output terminals provided for each radiation antenna 16.
- the input terminal is connected to the electromagnetic wave generator 31.
- Each output terminal is connected to a corresponding radiation antenna 16.
- the electromagnetic wave switch 32 is controlled by the electronic control device 35 and sequentially switches the supply destination of the microwaves output from the electromagnetic wave generation device 31 among the plurality of radiation antennas 16.
- the radiation antenna 16 is formed in an annular shape and is provided so as to surround the discharge electrode 15 on the ceiling surface 51 of the combustion chamber 20.
- the discharge electrode 15 and the radiation antenna 16 are disposed concentrically.
- the radiation antenna 16 is provided on a ring-shaped insulating layer 19 formed on the ceiling surface 51 of the combustion chamber 20.
- An output terminal of an electromagnetic wave switch 32 is electrically connected to the radiation antenna 16 via a coaxial line 33 embedded in the cylinder head 22.
- the radiating antenna 16 may be formed in a C shape.
- the distance between the discharge electrode 15 and the radiation antenna 16 is set such that dielectric breakdown occurs with respect to the high voltage pulse output from the ignition coil 14.
- the distance between the discharge electrode 15 and the radiation antenna 16 is, for example, 2 to 3 mm.
- the radiating antenna 16 serves as a ground electrode for the spark plug. In the first embodiment, the radiating antenna 16 is grounded. However, the radiation antenna 16 is not necessarily grounded.
- the plasma generator 30 generates a discharge plasma in the discharge gap by outputting a high voltage pulse from the ignition coil 14, and emits a microwave from the radiation antenna 16 by outputting a microwave from the electromagnetic wave generator 31.
- the discharge plasma is expanded to generate a relatively large microwave plasma.
- the plasma generation operation of the plasma generation apparatus 30 will be described.
- the internal combustion engine 10 performs an ignition operation in which the air-fuel mixture is ignited by the plasma generated by the plasma generator 30 at the ignition timing at which the piston 23 is positioned before the compression top dead center.
- the electronic control device 35 outputs an ignition signal and an electromagnetic wave drive signal at the same time. Then, a high voltage pulse is output from the ignition coil 14 that has received the ignition signal, and a high voltage pulse is applied to the discharge electrode 15. As a result, a spark discharge occurs in the discharge gap between the discharge electrode 15 and the radiation antenna 16.
- the electromagnetic wave generation device 31 that has received the electromagnetic wave drive signal repeatedly outputs the microwave pulse over the time of the pulse width of the electromagnetic wave drive signal.
- a microwave pulse is repeatedly output from the radiation antenna 16.
- the discharge plasma generated by the spark discharge absorbs and expands the microwave energy, and the mixture is ignited by the expanded microwave plasma.
- the flame spreads outward from the ignition position where the air-fuel mixture is ignited toward the wall surface of the cylinder 24.
- the electronic control device 35 outputs an electromagnetic wave drive signal immediately after the air-fuel mixture is ignited. Then, the electromagnetic wave generator 31 repeatedly outputs the microwave pulse over the time of the pulse width of the electromagnetic wave drive signal. A microwave pulse is repeatedly output from the radiation antenna 16.
- the microwave pulse is radiated before the flame front passes the position of the radiating antenna 16.
- a strong electric field region having a relatively strong electric field strength is formed in the combustion chamber 20 by the microwave.
- the moving speed of the flame surface increases by receiving microwave energy when the flame surface passes through the strong electric field region.
- microwave energy is large, microwave plasma is generated in the strong electric field region before the flame surface passes.
- active species for example, OH radicals
- the moving speed of the flame surface passing through the strong electric field region is increased by the active species.
- the discharge electrode 15 by causing dielectric breakdown between the discharge electrode 15 and the radiation antenna 16, free electrons that trigger the microwave plasma are emitted in the vicinity of the radiation antenna 16. Therefore, if the position of the radiation antenna 16 is determined with respect to the discharge electrode 15 so that dielectric breakdown occurs due to a high voltage, the discharge plasma is expanded by the microwave, so that the position adjustment of the radiation antenna 16 can be facilitated. .
- the radiation antenna 16 is provided so as to surround the discharge electrode 15, dielectric breakdown occurs around the discharge electrode 15.
- the microwave energy is absorbed by the discharge plasma around the discharge electrode 15. Therefore, a large microwave plasma can be generated. Since a large microwave plasma can be generated, the temperature in the plasma region as a whole is lower than that in the case where the discharge plasma between the center electrode and the ground electrode of a normal spark plug is expanded by microwaves. Therefore, active species such as OH radicals are difficult to disappear and the propagation speed of the flame can be effectively improved.
- Embodiment 2 >>
- Embodiment 2 is a two-valve internal combustion engine 10 provided with one intake valve 27 and one exhaust valve 28 as shown in FIG.
- the discharge electrode 15 is provided at a position shifted from the center.
- a bar-shaped receiving antenna 52 is provided on the ceiling surface 51 of the combustion chamber 20.
- the receiving antenna 52 constitutes a secondary electrode provided at a position where no discharge occurs between the ignition coil 14 and the discharge electrode 15 even when a high voltage is applied to the discharge electrode 15.
- the receiving antenna 52 is provided in a region between the intake side opening 25a and the exhaust side opening 26a.
- the receiving antenna 52 extends in a direction perpendicular to a line connecting the center of the intake side opening 25a and the center of the exhaust side opening 26a.
- the receiving antenna 52 extends from the vicinity of the discharge electrode 15 to the vicinity of the wall surface of the cylinder 24.
- the receiving antenna 52 is provided on the substantially rectangular insulating layer 19 formed on the ceiling surface 51 of the combustion chamber 20.
- the receiving antenna 52 is electrically insulated from the cylinder head 22 by the insulating layer 19 and is provided in an electrically floating state. Note that the receiving antenna 52 may be grounded.
- the discharge device 12 and the electromagnetic wave emission device 13 are operated at the same time to ignite the air-fuel mixture.
- the electronic control device 35 outputs an ignition signal and an electromagnetic wave drive signal at the ignition timing at which the piston 23 is positioned before the compression top dead center. Then, a high voltage pulse is applied to the discharge electrode 15, and a spark discharge is generated in the first discharge gap between the discharge electrode 15 and the receiving antenna 52. Furthermore, when the discharge electrode 15 and the receiving antenna 52 are made conductive by the discharge plasma, a current flows through the receiving antenna 52, and a spark discharge is also generated in the second discharge gap between the receiving antenna 52 and the wall surface of the cylinder 24. That is, spark discharge occurs almost simultaneously in the vicinity of both ends of the receiving antenna 52.
- the cylinder block 21 is grounded.
- the electromagnetic wave generator 31 repeatedly outputs the microwave pulse over the time of the pulse width of the electromagnetic wave drive signal, and the microwave pulse is repeatedly output from the radiation antenna 16.
- the discharge plasma generated by the spark discharge absorbs the microwave energy and expands, and the mixture is ignited by the expanded microwave plasma.
- flames spread from the ignition positions in the vicinity of both ends of the receiving antenna 52, and the air-fuel mixture burns.
- a plurality of receiving antennas 52 may be provided as shown in FIG. In the modification, two receiving antennas 52 are provided.
- the two receiving antennas 52a and 52b are provided in a region between the intake side opening 25a and the exhaust side opening 26a.
- the two receiving antennas 52 a and 52 b are electrically insulated from the cylinder head 22 by the insulating layer 19.
- the first receiving antenna 52 a constitutes a first electrode that forms a first discharge gap with the discharge electrode 15.
- the second receiving antenna 52b forms a second electrode with a second discharge gap between the second receiving antenna 52b and the first receiving antenna 52a.
- the second receiving antenna 52 b forms a third discharge gap with the wall surface of the cylinder 24.
- a spark discharge is generated in the first discharge gap.
- the discharge electrode 15 and the first receiving antenna 52a are electrically connected by the discharge plasma, so that a current flows through the first receiving antenna 52a, and a spark discharge is generated in the second discharge gap.
- the first receiving antenna 52a and the second receiving antenna 52b are made conductive by the discharge plasma, a current flows through the second receiving antenna 52b, and a spark discharge is also generated in the third discharge gap. Spark discharge occurs at three locations.
- microwave pulses are repeatedly output from the radiation antenna 16.
- the discharge plasma generated by the spark discharge absorbs microwave energy and expands, and the mixture is ignited by the expanded microwave plasma.
- Embodiment 3 is an analyzer 110 provided with a plasma generator 30 according to the present invention.
- the analysis apparatus 110 is an apparatus that performs component analysis of the analysis target substance using metal or the like as the analysis target substance 90.
- the analyzer 110 is used for detecting impurities, for example.
- the analysis device 110 includes a casing 111, a plasma generation device 30, an optical analysis device 140, a moving device 150, and a control device 135.
- the control device 135 controls the plasma generation device 30, the optical analysis device 140, and the moving device 150.
- Casing 111 is a substantially cylindrical container.
- the discharge plug 100 is attached to the top surface
- the radiation antenna 116 is attached to the bottom surface
- the optical probe 141 is attached to the side surface.
- the casing 111 is a mesh member whose mesh size is set so that the microwave radiated from the radiating antenna 116 does not leak to the outside.
- the casing 111 is formed with an introduction window 101 on the side surface for introducing the analysis target substance 90 into the internal space 120.
- the plasma generation device 30 is a device that generates plasma in the internal space 120 of the casing 111 to bring the analysis target substance 90 into a plasma state.
- the plasma generation device 30 includes a discharge device 112 and an electromagnetic wave emission device 113 as in the first embodiment.
- the discharge device 112 includes a high voltage generator 114 and a discharge plug 100.
- the high voltage generator 114 is a device that generates a high voltage pulse.
- the high voltage generator 114 receives a discharge signal from the controller 135, the high voltage generator 114 outputs a high voltage pulse to the discharge plug 100.
- the discharge plug 100 is obtained by removing a ground electrode from an automotive spark plug.
- a discharge electrode 115 connected to the input terminal via a conductor penetrating the inside is provided at the distal end portion of the discharge plug 100.
- a discharge gap is formed between the discharge electrode 115 and a radiation antenna 116 described later.
- the electromagnetic wave radiation device 113 includes an electromagnetic wave generation device 131 and a radiation antenna 116.
- the electromagnetic wave generator 131 continuously outputs the microwave over the time of the pulse width of the electromagnetic wave drive signal.
- the electromagnetic wave drive signal is a pulse signal having a constant voltage value.
- the electromagnetic wave generator 131 outputs a microwave to the radiation antenna 116 as a continuous wave (CW) through the microwave transmission line.
- the radiation antenna 116 is a rod-shaped antenna.
- the radiating antenna 116 protrudes toward the discharge electrode 115 from the lower surface of the casing 111 facing the top surface where the discharge electrode 115 is provided.
- the tip of the radiation antenna 116 faces the discharge electrode 115 with a slight distance.
- the distance between the radiation antenna 116 and the discharge electrode 115 is set so that dielectric breakdown occurs with respect to the high voltage pulse output from the high voltage generator 114.
- the electromagnetic wave generator 131 outputs a microwave of 2.45 GHz.
- a semiconductor oscillator generates microwaves.
- a semiconductor oscillator that oscillates microwaves in other frequency bands may be used.
- the optical analyzer 140 analyzes the analysis light emitted from the plasma region P in which the plasma of the analysis target substance 90 is generated by the plasma generation apparatus 30 and performs component analysis of the analysis target substance 90.
- the optical analyzer 140 includes an optical probe 141, a spectrometer 142, a photodetector 143, and a signal processing device 144.
- the optical probe 141 is a device for deriving light emitted from the plasma region P of the internal space 120 of the casing 111.
- the optical probe 141 is obtained by attaching a lens capable of capturing a relatively wide range of light to the tip of a cylindrical casing.
- the optical probe 141 is attached to the side surface of the casing 111 so that light emitted from the entire plasma region P can be introduced into the lens.
- the optical probe 141 is connected to the spectroscope 142 via an optical fiber. Note that the optical probe 141 may be omitted, and the light emitted from the plasma region P may be directly taken into the optical fiber. Further, as the lens of the optical probe 141, a condensing lens focused on the plasma region may be used.
- the light incident on the optical probe 141 is taken into the spectroscope 142.
- the spectroscope 142 uses a diffraction grating or a prism to disperse incident light in different directions depending on the wavelength.
- a shutter is provided at the entrance of the spectroscope 142 to divide the analysis period for analyzing the light emitted from the plasma region P.
- the shutter is switched by the control device 135 between an open state in which light is allowed to enter the spectroscope 142 and a closed state in which light is not allowed to enter the spectroscope 142.
- the analysis period may be divided by controlling the photodetector 143.
- the photodetector 143 is arranged so as to receive light in a predetermined wavelength band among the light dispersed by the spectroscope 142. In response to the command signal output from the control device 135, the photodetector 143 photoelectrically converts the received light in the wavelength band into an electrical signal for each wavelength and outputs the electrical signal.
- a charge-coupled device is used for the photodetector 143.
- the electrical signal output from the photodetector 143 is input to the signal processing device 144.
- the signal processing device 144 calculates a time integrated value of the emission intensity for each wavelength based on the electrical signal output from the photodetector 143.
- the signal processing device 144 calculates the time integrated value (emission spectrum) of the emission intensity for each wavelength using the light incident on the spectrometer 142 during the analysis period in which the shutter is open as the analysis light.
- the signal processing device 144 detects a wavelength component having a strong emission intensity from the time integrated value of the emission intensity for each wavelength, and identifies a substance corresponding to the detected wavelength component as a component of the analysis target substance 90.
- the moving device 150 is a device that moves the analysis target substance 90.
- the moving device 150 moves, for example, a rod-shaped holding member 152 that holds the analysis target substance 90 by the power of a motor.
- the holding member 152 is inserted through the introduction window 101 and extends toward the discharge gap. Note that the moving device 150 may be omitted, and the holding member 152 may be moved manually. -Operation of the analyzer-
- the analysis apparatus 10 performs component analysis of the analysis target substance 90.
- the plasma generation maintaining operation by the plasma generation device 30 and the optical analysis operation by the optical analysis device 140 are performed in conjunction with each other.
- the analysis target substance 90 is located outside the plasma region P where the plasma is maintained by the microwave.
- the analysis target substance 90 is a powdery substance, but may be other than a powdery substance such as a metal piece.
- the plasma generation maintaining operation is an operation in which the plasma generating apparatus 30 generates and maintains plasma.
- the plasma generation device 30 drives the discharge device 112 to generate discharge plasma in accordance with an instruction from the control device 135, and drives the electromagnetic wave emission device 113 to irradiate the discharge plasma with microwaves to maintain the plasma state. Perform maintenance operation.
- the control device 135 outputs a discharge signal to the high voltage generator 114.
- the high voltage generator 114 receives the discharge signal
- the high voltage generator 114 outputs a high voltage pulse to the discharge plug 100.
- a high voltage pulse is supplied to the discharge electrode 115.
- a spark discharge is generated in the discharge gap, and a discharge plasma is generated in the spark discharge path.
- the high voltage pulse is an impulse voltage signal having a peak voltage of about 6 kV to 40 kV, for example.
- the control device 135 outputs a microwave drive signal to the electromagnetic wave generation device 131 immediately after the spark discharge.
- the electromagnetic wave generator 131 When receiving the microwave drive signal, the electromagnetic wave generator 131 outputs the microwave to the radiation antenna 116 as a continuous wave (CW). The microwave is radiated from the radiation antenna 116 to the internal space 120 of the casing 111. The microwave is radiated from the radiation antenna 116 over the time of the pulse width of the microwave drive signal. Note that the output timing of the electromagnetic wave drive signal is set so that microwave emission is started before the discharge plasma is extinguished.
- a strong electric field region (a region where the electric field strength is relatively strong in the internal space 120) is formed near the tip of the radiation antenna 116.
- the strong electric field region includes a spark discharge path.
- the discharge plasma absorbs microwave energy and expands into a ball-shaped microwave plasma.
- the microwave plasma is maintained over the microwave radiation period.
- the microwave emission period is a plasma maintenance period.
- the control device 135 outputs a movement command to the movement device 150 in the first half of the plasma maintenance period.
- the moving device 150 sends out the holding member 152 to the plasma region P where the microwave plasma exists during the plasma maintenance period.
- the analysis target substance 90 at the tip of the holding member 152 enters the plasma region P and enters a plasma state.
- the microwave radiation period is, for example, several tens of microseconds to several tens of seconds.
- the output value of the microwave is set to a predetermined value (for example, 80 watts) so that the microwave plasma does not become thermal plasma even when the electromagnetic wave generator 131 outputs the microwave for a relatively long time. ing. Further, the output value of the microwave is set to 100 watts or less so that the powdery analyte 90 is not scattered.
- the maximum value of the emission intensity during the plasma sustain period is larger than the maximum value of the emission intensity during the discharge plasma.
- the microwave output value is set.
- a large emission intensity can be obtained from the plasma light while preventing the analysis target substance 90 from being scattered, so that the analysis target substance 90 can be analyzed more accurately.
- the maximum value of the light emission intensity during the discharge plasma may be larger than the maximum value of the light emission intensity during the plasma sustain period, as shown by the broken line in FIG. .
- the optical analysis operation is an operation for analyzing the analysis target substance 90 by analyzing the analysis light emitted from the plasma region P in which the plasma of the analysis target substance 90 is generated by the plasma generation apparatus 30.
- the optical analyzer 140 performs an optical analysis operation in accordance with instructions from the control device 135.
- the optical analysis device 140 analyzes the analysis light emitted from the plasma region P during the plasma maintenance period in which the plasma generation device 30 maintains the plasma with microwave energy, and performs component analysis of the analysis target substance 90.
- an analysis period is set within a fixed emission intensity period in the plasma maintenance period, and the analysis target substance 90 is analyzed based on the emission intensity of the plasma light in the analysis period.
- the control device 135 controls the shutter of the spectroscope 142 and the period during which the photodetector 143 performs photoelectric conversion so that the entire emission intensity stabilization period is set to the analysis period. A part of the emission intensity stabilization period may be set as the analysis period.
- plasma light emitted from the plasma region P is incident on the spectroscope 142 in order through the optical probe 141 and the optical fiber only during a certain period of emission intensity (analysis period) shown in FIG.
- the incident plasma light is dispersed in different directions depending on the wavelength. Then, plasma light having a predetermined wavelength band reaches the photodetector 143.
- the received plasma light in the wavelength band is photoelectrically converted into an electrical signal for each wavelength.
- the signal processing device 144 based on the output signal of the photodetector 143, a time integrated value of the light emission intensity in the light emission intensity constant period (analysis period) is calculated for each wavelength.
- the signal processing device 144 creates a spectrum diagram showing the time integrated value of the emission intensity according to the wavelength as shown in FIG.
- the signal processing device 144 detects the wavelength at which the peak of the emission intensity appears from the time integrated value of the emission intensity for each wavelength, and identifies the substance (atom or molecule) corresponding to the detected wavelength as a component of the analysis target substance 90. .
- the signal processing device 144 identifies molybdenum as a component of the analysis target substance 90 when a peak of emission intensity appears at 379.4 mm, for example. For example, when a peak of emission intensity appears at 422.7 mm, calcium is identified as a component of the analysis target substance 90. For example, when a peak of emission intensity appears at 345.2 mm, cobalt is identified as a component of the analysis target substance 90. For example, when a peak of emission intensity appears at 357.6 mm, chromium is identified as a component of the analysis target substance 90.
- the signal processing device 144 may display a spectrum diagram as shown in FIG. 8 on the monitor of the analysis device 10.
- the user of the analyzer 110 can identify the component contained in the substance to be analyzed by looking at this spectrum diagram. -Effect of Embodiment 3-
- the microwave energy is stably applied to the plasma region P during the plasma maintenance period, the generation of a shock wave due to the microwave is suppressed.
- the analysis period in which the optical analyzer 140 performs analysis exists in the plasma maintenance period. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the powdery analysis target substance 90 in the plasma region P from being scattered during the analysis period.
- the analysis target substance 90 in the plasma region P can be analyzed in a state where there is almost no movement of the substance.
- powdery substances can be analyzed as they are.
- the analysis target substance 90 when a powdery substance is used as the analysis target substance 90, the analysis is performed in a state of a pellet obtained by hardening the powdery substance with a binder.
- the powdery substance since the powdery substance can be analyzed as it is, the noise due to the binder does not appear in the light emission intensity, and the filter for removing the noise can be omitted.
- the intensity of the microwave plasma during the plasma maintenance period is not so strong. Therefore, the metal which comprises the radiation antenna 116 is hardly excited, and the noise resulting from such a metal can be suppressed.
- Modification 1 of Embodiment 3
- the analysis device 110 includes an auxiliary member 130 in addition to the casing 111, the plasma generation device 30, the optical analysis device 140, the moving device 150, and the control device 135. ing.
- the plasma generator 30 generates a plasma by converting the substance into plasma, and supplies the microwave (electromagnetic wave) energy to the initial plasma to maintain the plasma.
- the plasma generation apparatus 30 includes a mixing circuit 160 in addition to the discharge device 112 and the electromagnetic wave emission device 113.
- the mixing circuit 160 is a circuit capable of mixing microwaves and high voltage pulses.
- the mixing circuit 160 is supplied with a high voltage pulse from the high voltage generator 114 and supplied with a microwave from the electromagnetic wave generator 131.
- the mixing circuit 160 outputs a high voltage pulse and a microwave to the discharge plug 100.
- microwaves are supplied to the discharge electrode 115 of the discharge plug 100.
- the discharge electrode 115 functions as the radiation antenna 116.
- the auxiliary member 130 is a rod-shaped conductive member.
- the auxiliary member 130 protrudes from the lower surface of the casing 111 toward the discharge electrode 115 and extends to the vicinity of the discharge electrode 115.
- the distance between the auxiliary member 130 and the discharge electrode 115 is set so that dielectric breakdown occurs with respect to the high voltage pulse output from the high voltage generator 114.
- the auxiliary member 130 forms a discharge gap with the discharge electrode 115.
- the auxiliary member 130 is provided on the opposite side of the discharge electrode 115 (radiating antenna 116) across the generation region in the vicinity of the generation region of the internal space 120.
- the plasma generator 30 generates a discharge plasma (initial plasma) in the discharge gap by outputting a high voltage pulse from the high voltage generator 114, and outputs a microwave from the electromagnetic wave generator 131. As a result, a microwave is emitted from the discharge electrode 115 to the internal space 120 to maintain the plasma.
- the optical analysis device 140 analyzes the analysis target substance 90 by analyzing light emitted from the plasma region P in which the analysis target substance 90 converted into plasma by the plasma generation apparatus 30 exists. To do.
- the conductive auxiliary member 130 is disposed in the vicinity of the generation region where the initial plasma is generated, and the auxiliary member 130 concentrates the microwave energy supplied by the plasma generation apparatus 30. Therefore, compared with the case where the auxiliary member 130 does not exist, the electric field strength in the region where the initial plasma generated in the generation region exists is increased, and thus the plasma can be effectively maintained.
- the analysis apparatus 110 includes the casing 111, the plasma generation apparatus 30, the optical analysis apparatus 140, the moving apparatus 150, and the control apparatus 135 as in the first modification.
- an auxiliary member 130 is provided.
- the plasma generation device 30 includes a laser oscillation device 170 instead of the discharge device 112.
- the laser device 170 generates initial plasma by condensing laser light.
- the laser oscillation device 170 includes a laser light source 171 and a laser probe 172.
- the laser light source 171 When the laser light source 171 receives a laser oscillation signal from the control device 135, the laser light source 171 oscillates a laser beam for generating an initial plasma.
- the laser light source 171 is connected to the laser probe 172 via an optical fiber.
- a condensing optical system 173 that condenses the laser light that has passed through the optical fiber is provided at the tip of the laser probe 172.
- the laser probe 172 is attached to the casing 111 such that the tip thereof is desired in the internal space 120 of the casing 111.
- the focal point of the condensing optical system 173 is located at the center of the casing 111.
- the laser light oscillated from the laser light source 171 passes through the condensing optical system 173 of the laser probe 172 and is condensed at the focal point of the condensing optical system 173.
- the output of the laser light source 171 is set so that the energy density of the laser beam condensed at the focal point of the condensing optical system 173 becomes equal to or higher than the gas breakdown threshold in the internal space 120. That is, the output of the laser light source 171 is set to a value higher than that required for the substance present at the focal point to be converted into plasma.
- the radiation antenna 116 is attached to the upper surface, and the auxiliary member 130 is attached to the lower surface.
- the auxiliary member 130 is the same as that in the second modification.
- the radiating antenna 116 is formed in a rod shape and protrudes from the upper surface of the casing 116.
- the tip of the radiation antenna 116 faces the tip of the auxiliary member 130 with the focal point of the condensing optical system 173 interposed therebetween.
- the conductive auxiliary member 130 is disposed in the vicinity of the generation region where the initial plasma is generated, and the auxiliary member 130 concentrates the microwave energy supplied by the plasma generation apparatus 30. Therefore, compared with the case where the auxiliary member 130 does not exist, the electric field strength in the region where the initial plasma generated in the generation region exists is increased, and thus the plasma can be effectively maintained. ⁇ Other Embodiments >>
- the embodiment may be configured as follows.
- the reflected wave of the microwave may be monitored, and the wavelength of the microwave output from the electromagnetic wave generator 31 may be changed so that the reflected wave of the microwave becomes small.
- the resonance frequency changes depending on the dirt state of the ceramic. Therefore, the operation of detecting the resonance frequency of the receiving antenna 52 when the internal combustion engine 10 is started or the like. May be performed.
- the oscillation frequency of the microwave is adjusted so that resonance occurs at the reception antenna 52 using the detected resonance frequency.
- the radiating antenna 16 may be covered with a dielectric.
- the analysis target substance 90 may be moved to the plasma region P before generating the discharge plasma.
- the present invention is useful for a plasma generation apparatus that uses electromagnetic energy, an internal combustion engine that includes a plasma generation apparatus, and an analysis apparatus that includes a plasma generation apparatus.
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Abstract
Description
《実施形態1》
-内燃機関本体-
-プラズマ生成装置-
-プラズマ生成動作-
-実施形態1の効果-
《実施形態2》
なお、棒状の二次電極52を放射アンテナとして使用してもよい。
-実施形態2の変形例-
《実施形態3》
-分析装置の動作-
-実施形態3の効果-
-実施形態3の変形例1-
-実施形態3の変形例2-
《その他の実施形態》
11 内燃機関本体
12 点火装置
13 電磁波放射装置
14 点火コイル(高電圧発生装置)
15 放電電極
16 放射アンテナ
20 燃焼室
30 プラズマ生成装置
31 電磁波発生装置
Claims (11)
- 電磁波を発生させる電磁波発生装置と、
前記電磁波発生装置から出力された電磁波を対象空間へ放射するための放射アンテナと、
高電圧を発生させる高電圧発生装置と、
前記対象空間に設けられ、前記高電圧発生装置から出力された高電圧が印加される放電電極とを備え、
前記放射アンテナは、前記放電電極との間に放電ギャップを形成し、
前記高電圧発生装置から高電圧を出力することにより前記放電ギャップに放電プラズマを生じさせると共に、前記電磁波発生装置から電磁波を出力することにより前記放射アンテナから電磁波を放射して前記放電プラズマを拡大させる
ことを特徴とするプラズマ生成装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記放射アンテナが接地されている
ことを特徴とするプラズマ生成装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
前記放射アンテナは、前記放電電極を囲うC字状又は環状に形成されている
ことを特徴とするプラズマ生成装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記対象空間において、前記高電圧発生装置から前記放電電極に高電圧が印加されても前記放電電極との間に放電が生じない位置に設けられた接地又は浮遊状態の二次電極を備え、
前記放射アンテナは、前記放電電極との間の放電ギャップを第1の放電ギャップとした場に、前記二次電極との間に第2の放電ギャップを形成する
ことを特徴とするプラズマ生成装置。 - 電磁波を発生させる電磁波発生装置と、
前記電磁波発生装置から出力された電磁波を対象空間へ放射するための放射アンテナと、
高電圧を発生させる高電圧発生装置と、
前記対象空間に設けられ、前記高電圧発生装置から出力された高電圧が印加される放電電極と、
前記放電電極との間に第1の放電ギャップを形成する第1電極と、
前記第1電極との間に第2の放電ギャップを形成する第2電極とを備え、
前記高電圧発生装置から高電圧を出力することにより前記第1の放電ギャップ及び第2の放電ギャップに放電プラズマを生じさせると共に、前記電磁波発生装置から電磁波を出力することにより前記アンテナから電磁波を放射して前記第1の放電ギャップ及び第2の放電ギャップの各々の放電プラズマを拡大させる
ことを特徴とするプラズマ生成装置。 - 請求項1乃至5の何れか1つに記載のプラズマ生成装置と、
燃焼室が形成された内燃機関本体とを備え、
前記アンテナ及び前記放電電極は、前記放電ギャップが前記燃焼室に位置するように前記内燃機関本体に設けられている
ことを特徴とする内燃機関。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のプラズマ生成装置であって、分析対象物質をプラズマ状態にするプラズマ生成装置と、
前記プラズマ生成装置によって前記分析対象物質のプラズマが生成されている領域から発せられる分析光を分析して、前記分析対象物質を分析する光分析装置とを備えている
ことを特徴とする分析装置。 - 請求項7において、
前記放射アンテナ及び前記放電電極が設けられて、前記対象空間を区画するケーシングを備え、
前記放射アンテナは、棒状に形成され、前記ケーシングのうち前記放電電極が設けられた面に対向する面から、前記放電電極へ向かって突出している
ことを特徴とする分析装置。 - 請求項7において、
前記プラズマ生成装置は、前記放射アンテナからの電磁波の放射を継続することにより、電磁波により拡大させたプラズマを維持し、
前記光分析装置は、前記プラズマ生成装置がプラズマを維持するプラズマ維持期間の前記分析光の発光強度の時間積分値を用いて、前記分析対象物質を分析する
ことを特徴とする分析装置。 - 請求項9において、
前記プラズマ生成装置は、前記プラズマ維持期間中に前記放射アンテナから電磁波を連続波で放射する
ことを特徴とする分析装置。 - 請求項10において、
前記プラズマ維持期間に、前記プラズマ生成装置により維持されるプラズマが存在する領域に前記分析対象物質を移動させて、該分析対象物質をプラズマ状態にする
ことを特徴とする分析装置。
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| JP2013524642A JP6145600B2 (ja) | 2011-07-16 | 2012-06-27 | プラズマ生成装置、内燃機関及び分析装置 |
| EP12814206.4A EP2733346B1 (en) | 2011-07-16 | 2012-06-27 | Plasma generating apparatus and internal combustion engine |
| US14/233,103 US9693442B2 (en) | 2011-07-16 | 2012-06-27 | Plasma generation provision, internal combustion engine and analysis provision |
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| JP2015158164A (ja) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-09-03 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 内燃機関の点火装置 |
| JP2023153525A (ja) * | 2022-04-05 | 2023-10-18 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 処理装置、分解生成物の製造方法、及び処理方法 |
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| WO2016084772A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-06-02 | イマジニアリング株式会社 | 点火ユニット、点火システム、及び内燃機関 |
| US11174780B1 (en) * | 2021-02-17 | 2021-11-16 | Southwest Research Institute | Microwave heating of combustion chamber of internal combustion engine during cold starting |
| US11585312B1 (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-02-21 | Southwest Research Institute | Focused microwave or radio frequency ignition and plasma generation |
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| JPWO2013011810A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
| US20140261271A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
| US9693442B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
| EP2733346A1 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
| JP6145600B2 (ja) | 2017-06-14 |
| EP2733346A4 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
| EP2733346B1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
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