WO2013010295A1 - Process and structure for crushing low-temperature material - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for crushing a low-temperature material comprises the following steps: a material entering a gap between two crushing knives; injecting an air current through an air current passage to the work surface of the crushing knives and the surface of the material at an injection angle (α), and filling the gap with the air current to form an injected air curtain layer; the two crushing knives performing relative movement and crushing the material in the injected air curtain layer; and discharging the crushed material out of the gap with the air current. The process is performed by using a device for crushing a material. The device comprises two crushing knives capable of performing relative movement and an air current passage communicating with a gap between the two crushing knives. In the process, a method for direct cooling with an air current is adopted, thereby effectively eliminating the aggregation of crush heat and static electricity generated by friction, avoiding melting, softening, denaturation and agglomeration of the material, and meeting the requirements of the high mesh number and fine granularity in crushing the low-temperature material; therefore, the process has the advantages such as a high yield, low energy consumption, and high efficiency and can be used to crush the low-temperature materials, such as rubber, silica gel, plastic, protein powder, and Chinese medicinal herbs, with a low melting temperature.

Description

 Low-temperature material pulverization process method and structure

 The invention relates to a material pulverizing method and a device thereof, in particular to a process method and equipment structure for pulverizing low temperature materials, and belongs to the technical field of material pulverizing and grinding. Background technique

 In order to reuse the waste materials, the waste materials are usually pulverized and ground into granules or powders of various particle sizes, and then put into production as a raw material for regeneration, such as plastics, rubber, and the like. Grinding or grinding of materials generally uses a grinding machine that specializes in the recovery of materials, such as: 280 flat grinding machine is a double grinding disc material grinding machine, which can process waste materials into 40-120 mesh at room temperature (0. 38- 0. 12ram) Fine powder. For another example, the conical grinding head material pulverizer is a recycling material pulverizing device with a grinding head as a cone. Existing grinding machines are usually provided with two grinding discs (heads) capable of relative movement: a fixed fixed disc (head) and a rotating moving disc (head), the two grinding discs (heads) are opposite and only slightly between The gap (generally several to several tens of micrometers), the working process is that the material to be pulverized at normal temperature is pushed into the gap between the two grinding discs (heads) by the screw feeding mechanism or the wind flow, and the rotating grinding disc (head) and The relative movement of the moving disc (head) grinds the material to be pulverized in the gap into fine particles which are then discharged from the discharge port. In the above material pulverizing process, the mechanical shearing and squeezing of the material by the two grinding discs (heads) will cause a large amount of heat to be instantaneously released, so the cooling technology of the grinding tools is the key in the normal temperature material pulverizing process.

 The cooling of existing grinders uses water cooling technology. Chinese patent "Rubber shear pulverizer" (Patent No. ZL200720102342. X) discloses a shear pulverizer for rubber, see Fig. 1, 'The material to be pulverized is fed from the feed hopper 5 and fed by the screw 8 Pushing the gap between the fixed plate 3 and the movable plate 4, the main shaft 1 drives the movable plate 4 to rotate for material crushing, and the cooling water in the water cooling pipe passes through the inner cavity of the main shaft 1 into the cavity of the movable plate 4 in the movable plate. 4, cooling is performed, and then the cooling water is discharged from the centrifugal cooling pipe 11 to the water tank 12. This patent is a typical pulverizer structure using water cooling technology, and there is also a device that further employs the same cooling structure on the platen 3.

The existing material grinding machine adopts the same water cooling technology as the above patent, and the technology not only uses water as a cooling medium singly but also is cooled by the partition water, that is, the cooling medium is not directly in contact with the pulverized material to be cooled, but Indirect cooling is carried out across the surface of the disc. Therefore, the prior material pulverization process using the water cooling technology has the following disadvantages: 1. The indirect barrier cooling effect is poor, and only the surface in contact with the water is cooled, and the pulverized material cannot be directly cooled; The high temperature of the surface caused by the inability to cool the material causes the material to melt and soften. At the same time, the material is likely to cause static electricity during the grinding process. The static electricity generated and the softening of the material cause the materials to stick to each other and cannot be further pulverized. Fine-grained high mesh index. Third, the high temperature generated during the material pulverization process will lead to changes in the physical properties and even chemical properties of the pulverized material, especially for low temperature materials with lower melting temperatures. Correspondingly, the cooling effect of the existing material grinding machine adopting the water cooling technology is not ideal, and it is difficult to solve the high temperature problem in the grinding process, and can not adapt to the pulverization of the low temperature material, and the milled material is easy to be denatured and easy to form a group. It is necessary to add talc powder, which results in poor filter passability and requires manual kneading to separate the rubber powder; therefore, the existing material grinding machine can only be used for recycling and recycling low mesh, low quality, low value crushed materials, and usually accompanied It has the disadvantages of repeated processes, high cost, low output, high energy consumption, many auxiliary equipment, large floor area and unsuitable for current environmental protection and energy saving requirements. Summary of the invention

 The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the insufficiency of the water cooling method in the prior material pulverization method, which can not sufficiently reduce the temperature of the pulverized material, to provide a low-temperature material pulverization process method, completely abandon the traditional water cooling method, and adopt a new cooling method. It effectively eliminates the accumulation of heat during the pulverization process, avoids the occurrence of softening and denaturation of the material, and thus adapts to the high meshing and fine particle size pulverization requirements of the low temperature material.

 Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-temperature material pulverizing structure capable of realizing the above-mentioned low-temperature material pulverizing process method, which greatly reduces the temperature of materials and grinding discs, and is used for pulverizing low-temperature materials to achieve the purpose of upgrading product grades. It has the advantages of large output, low energy consumption and high efficiency.

 In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

 A low-temperature material pulverization process method, which uses a low-temperature material pulverizing device for material pulverization, the device comprising two pulverizing knives capable of relative movement and a wind flow passage communicating with the gap between the two pulverizing knives, wherein: the method Including the following steps:

 (1) the material enters the gap between the two pulverizing knives;

 (2) a wind flow is directed through the wind flow passage to the working surface of the grinding blade and the surface of the material at an incident angle, and fills the gap to form a jet air curtain layer;

 (3) two pulverizing knives are used for relative movement, and the material is pulverized in the jet air curtain layer;

 (4) The pulverized material is discharged into the gap with the wind flow.

 In the step (2) of the low-temperature material pulverization process of the present invention, the wind flow may be directed to the working surface of one of the two pulverizing knives through the air flow passage, or may be simultaneously directed to the working surfaces of the two pulverizing knives; The direction of the wind flow and the incident angle formed by the working face of the grinding blade are in the range of 10° to 170°; the air flow is subjected to ionization treatment before entering the air flow passage, and may also be subjected to cooling treatment.

 The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve another technical problem is as follows:

 A low-temperature material pulverizing structure for realizing the above-mentioned low-temperature material pulverizing process method, comprising two pulverizing knives capable of relative movement and a wind flow passage capable of passing into a wind flow, wherein there is a gap between the two pulverizing knives, the wind flow passage is arranged And on the pulverizing blade and communicating with the gap.

The shape of the pulverizing knife of the low-temperature material pulverizing structure according to the present invention is a disk shape, a cone shape or a column shape; The air flow passage is disposed on one of the two pulverizing knives or at the same time on the two pulverizing knives.

 The pulverizing knife of the low-temperature material pulverizing structure comprises a plurality of blades and a cutter head, wherein the cutter disc is provided with a plurality of grooves corresponding to the blades, and grooves are formed between the grooves, and the blades are fixed at the The air flow channel includes a circulation cavity and a plurality of air flow nozzles, and the circulation cavity is disposed at a back of the cutter head, and is connected to an external air supply port, and the plurality of air flow nozzle holes are spaced apart from each other The space penetrates the disk of the cutter head to communicate the gap between the circulation cavity and the two pulverizing blades.

 The pulverizing knife of the low-temperature material pulverizing structure comprises a plurality of blades and a cutter head, the cutter disc is provided with a concave cutter vent groove, the blade is fixed on the cutter disc, and the cutter disc is between the cutter discs Forming a corresponding blade ventilation slit at a position of the ventilation groove; the air flow passage includes a circulation cavity and a plurality of air flow injection holes, the circulation cavity is disposed at a back of the cutter head, and the external positive pressure air supply opening In connection, the plurality of airflow nozzle holes are disposed in the cutter air venting groove and penetrate the disk body of the cutter disk, and the circulation cavity and the two pulverizing knives are separated by the blade ventilation slit The gaps are connected.

 The pulverizing knife of the low-temperature material pulverizing structure comprises a blade and a cutter disc, the blade is fixed on the cutter disc; the air flow passage comprises a circulation cavity, a cutter hole through hole, a cutter ring circulation cavity and a plurality of air flow orifices The circulation cavity is disposed at the rear of the cutter head, and is connected to an external positive pressure air supply opening. The cutter ring circulation cavity is disposed at a front portion of the cutter head, and is a groove-shaped cavity. The cutter plate through hole penetrates the disk body of the cutter disk, and the circulation cavity is communicated with the cutter ring circulation cavity, and the plurality of air flow injection holes are disposed on the blade and penetrate the blade body of the blade, and The cutter ring circulation cavity communicates with a gap between the two grinding blades.

 The pulverizing knife of the low-temperature material pulverizing structure has a cutter body; the air flow passage includes a circulation cavity and a plurality of airflow nozzle holes, and the circulation cavity is disposed at a rear of the cutter body, and is connected with an external positive pressure air supply port Then, the airflow nozzle penetrates the cutter body to connect the circulation cavity with a gap between the two crushing knives.

 I. The diameter of the airflow orifice is 0.11. The diameter of the airflow orifice is 0.11. The diameter of the airflow orifice is 0.11. ~16 legs.

 Another technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

A low-temperature material pulverizing apparatus comprising the above-mentioned low-temperature material pulverizing structure; wherein one of the two pulverizing knives has a cylindrical shape, and includes a fixed fixed knife and a rotatable moving knife, the fixed knife and the fixed knife The moving knife is coaxial and the axis is horizontal, and the working faces of the two are parallel. The fixed knife comprises a fixed knife base and a plurality of fixed cutter bodies, and the fixed fixed cutter bodies are axially arranged and fixed to the inner cylinder wall of the fixed knife base. The movable knife includes a moving knife roller and a plurality of moving blades, and the plurality of moving blades are axially arranged and fixed on the outer cylinder wall of the movable knife roller, and a central hole is arranged at the axial center of the movable cutter roller, the central hole The outer end is connected to the positive pressure air supply port; the air flow channel is simultaneously disposed on the fixed knife and the movable knife, and includes a fixed knife air flow channel and a movable knife air flow channel, wherein the fixed air flow channel includes a first circulation cavity and a plurality of first air flow nozzles, wherein the first circulation cavity is disposed in an inner cavity of the fixed knife base, and a first positive pressure air supply port is disposed on the cavity wall, and the plurality of first air flow injection holes are disposed in the Describe the blade body and penetrate the fixed body, so that a circulation cavity is connected to a gap between the two pulverizing knives, the moving knife air flow passage includes a second circulation cavity, a movable knife roller through hole, a moving knife roller circulation cavity and a plurality of second air flow orifices, a second circulation cavity is disposed in the inner cavity of the movable knife roller, and communicates with the inner end of the central hole of the movable knife roller. The moving knife roller circulation cavity is disposed on the outer wall of the movable knife roller, which is a groove a movable cavity, the through-hole of the moving knife roller penetrates the wall of the movable knife roll, and connects the second circulating cavity to the circulation cavity of the movable knife roll, and the plurality of second air flow nozzles are disposed on the movement The blade body on the blade and passing through the movable blade connects the circulating roller cavity of the moving blade to the gap between the two grinding blades.

 The low-temperature material pulverization process method of the invention completely abandons the high-cost, high-energy indirect water cooling, oil cooling or liquid nitrogen cooling method in the traditional material pulverizing process method, but adopts a new airflow direct cooling mode, which greatly improves the method. Cooling efficiency, at the same time can eliminate the static electricity generated by the friction of the powder, so as to adapt to the requirements of low-temperature material crushing. The beneficial effects of the invention are:

 1. Since the wind flow directly hits the surface of the pulverizing knife and the material through the air flow passage and forms a jet air curtain layer, filling the gap between the two pulverizing knives, the wind flow can directly cool the pulverized material, effectively eliminating the heat in the pulverizing process. Aggregation quickly reduces the surface temperature of materials and abrasives and improves cooling efficiency.

 2. The airflow after ionization completely eliminates the static electricity generated by the friction of the material, reduces the phenomenon that the materials are bonded to each other due to static electricity, and avoids the influence of static electricity on the processing.

 3. Timely cooling avoids the melting and softening of the material, and also prevents the change of the physical and chemical properties of the material to be pulverized; the elimination of static electricity reduces the adsorption and adhesion of the materials; therefore, the material can be further pulverized, and the pulverization process is not required. The talc powder is further added, so that the material pulverization process can reach the high-mesh index of fine-grained size, and adapts to the pulverization requirement of the low-temperature material, so that it does not emit smoke, is not deformed, does not form agglomerate and has good filtering property during pulverization.

 In addition, the low-temperature material pulverizing structure of the present invention is provided with a wind flow passage capable of introducing a wind flow into the gap between the pulverizing knives, so that the material pulverizing equipment adopting the structure can realize the above-mentioned low-temperature material pulverizing process method, and achieves the upgrading of the product grade. Purpose, with the advantages of large output, low energy consumption and high efficiency. DRAWINGS

 Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a conventional rubber shear pulverizer.

 2 is a process flow diagram of the method of the present invention.

 FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

 Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 3;

 Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 3 .

 FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

 Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD of Figure 6. FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of one of the third embodiments of the present invention.

 FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.

 Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the present invention.

 FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

 FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of one of the fourth embodiments of the present invention.

 FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

 Figure 15 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

 16 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

 Figure 17 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

 18 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

 Figure 19 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

 Figure 20 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

 Figure 21 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 9 of the present invention.

 Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of Figures 21E-E. detailed description

 The invention will now be described in detail in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

 The low-temperature material pulverization process method of the present invention is different from the existing material pulverization process method, completely eliminating the traditional water cooling, oil cooling or liquid nitrogen cooling mode, adopting a new airflow cooling mode, which can effectively eliminate the pulverization process. The accumulation of heat and the elimination of static electricity, avoiding the softening and denaturation of materials.

 The invention adopts a special cryogenic material pulverizing device for material pulverization, the device comprises a cutter and a wind flow passage, the cutter is a two pulverizing knife capable of relative movement, and comprises a movable cutter capable of rotating and a fixed fixed knife. There is a gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife, and the air flow passage communicates with the gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife. Referring to FIG. 2, the low temperature material pulverization process method comprises the following steps:

 (1) Feeding - the material to be pulverized is pushed into the gap between the two pulverizing knives by the screw feeding mechanism or the wind flow, that is, the gap between the moving knives and the fixed knives, and the gap is generally only a few micrometers to several tens of micrometers. between.

 (2) Air intake - use one of the following three working methods:

 The first working mode: the wind flow passes through the air flow passage to the working surface and the material surface of the moving knife of one of the two grinding knives at an incident angle, and fills the gap to form a jet air curtain layer;

The second working mode: the wind flow passes through the air flow passage to the fixed knife of one of the two crushing knives at an incident angle a working surface and a surface of the material, and filling the gap to form a jet air curtain layer;

 The third working mode: the wind flow passes through the air flow passage at an incident angle to the two pulverizing knives, that is, the working surface of the movable knife and the fixed knife, and the surface of the material, and fills the gap to form a jet air curtain layer.

 The incident angle is an angle formed by the direction of the wind flow and the working surface of the pulverizing knife (moving knife, fixed knife or both) that is directed, and the injection is different depending on the type of material and the working condition. Angle values range from 10° to 170°.

 In each of the above modes of operation, the wind flow is formed by natural wind, deep well air wind, liquid nitrogen and air mixed air, cave air wind or air conditioning cold air and natural wind mixed air, and the wind flow may pass before entering the air flow passage. Ionization treatment, which is rich in positive and negative ions; when the temperature of the wind source is relatively high, the wind flow can be cooled beforehand to reduce the temperature before entering the air flow channel, and then mixed with the ionized airflow.

 (3) Crushing - driving the rotating knife, the two grinding knives (moving knives and fixed knives) move relative to each other, and the material is pulverized in the jet air curtain layer in the narrow tool gap (also called "crushing chamber").

 While the material is pulverized, the wind flow maintains a certain flow rate and fills the gap, which is fully contacted with the moving knife, the fixed knife and the material, thereby achieving direct cooling, and rapidly generating heat generated during the grinding and grinding process of the material. Take away, to achieve the heat balance with the material during the friction process. At the same time, the positive and negative ions contained in the wind flow are neutralized with the charge on the material and the two pulverizing knives, thereby eliminating the static electricity generated by the pulverizing and grinding process; the air flow after the cooling treatment can further improve the cooling effect on the material.

 The material that cools and eliminates static electricity will not melt and soften, change the physical and chemical properties or adsorb the agglomerated phenomenon, thereby improving the quality and grade of the crushed material, so that the material can achieve higher fine-grained mesh number after crushing. Therefore, the pulverization process can be adapted to the pulverization requirements of low temperature materials having a lower melting temperature.

 (4) Discharge--The pulverized material is discharged from the gap by the positive pressure airflow which is heated by the heat exchange, and enters the discharge bin.

 The cryogenic material pulverizing structure of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

 The low-temperature material pulverizing structure is used for realizing the low-temperature material pulverizing process method of the present invention, which is generally disposed on a material pulverizer, such as a fine grinding machine; the low-temperature material pulverizing structure includes a cutter and a wind flow passage, and the cutter is capable of a two-cutter knives of relative motion, comprising a fixed fixed knife and a movable movable knife, wherein there is a gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife, the air flow passage is disposed on the grinding knife, and one end and the gap The other end is connected to the air source, and the outlet of the air flow channel may be in the shape of a hole or a slit. The following are some examples of different specific forms of the cryogenic material comminution structure.

 Embodiment 1

Please refer to the structural schematics of Embodiment 1 of FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. The low-temperature material pulverizing structure of the first embodiment is disposed on the material pulverizing equipment for pulverizing the low-temperature material, and the low-temperature material pulverizing structure includes the energy A tool that smashes the material and a wind flow path that can pass into the wind. The cutter is a two-pulverizing knife capable of relative movement, and includes a fixed fixed knife and a movable movable knife. There is a gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife, and the material is crushed in the gap, so the gap Also known as a "crushing chamber", the working surface of the moving knife is parallel to the working surface of the fixed knife. The air flow passage is disposed on the pulverizing blade and communicates with a gap between the two pulverizing knives. As shown in Fig. 3, the shape of the pulverizing blade is a disk shape, a cone shape or a column shape, and this embodiment is a disk shape. The pulverizing blade includes a plurality of blades 103 and a cutter head 102. The cutter head 102 is provided with a plurality of grooves corresponding to the blades 103, and grooves 106 are formed between the grooves (see FIG. 5). The blade 103 is fixed in the groove by a fixing screw 104 (see FIG. 4), and the groove plays a role in positioning the blade 103. The surface of the blade 103, that is, the working surface of the pulverizing blade is slightly higher than that of the cutter 102. surface. The air flow passage includes a circulation cavity 105 and a wind flow nozzle 101; the circulation cavity 105 is disposed at the back of the cutter head 102, and is connected to an external positive pressure air supply port; see FIG. 5, the air flow injection hole 101 Two spaced apartly disposed on the space 106 of the cutter head 102, which penetrates the disc body of the cutter head 102, and the gap between the circulation cavity 105 and the two pulverizing knives located outside the surface of the blade 103 (ie, pulverization) Room) connected. The axial direction of the airflow orifice 101 forms an exit angle σ with the surface of the blade 103, that is, the surface of the pulverizing blade. Since the working faces of the two pulverizing blades are parallel, the airflow orifice 101 of the pulverizing blade is axially and pulverized. The value of the angle formed by the working surface of the blade is the same as the angle of incidence σ. Therefore, the direction of the airflow rushed from the pulverizing airflow orifice 101 and the working surface of the other pulverizing blade to which the windflow is directed are formed and emitted. The angle "the same angle of incidence. The diameter of the airflow nozzle 101 is in the range of 0. 1~16, and the range of the exit angle σ is 10 ° ~ 170 °. The diameter of the airflow nozzle 101 is 10, and the axial direction of the airflow nozzle 101 and the working surface of the pulverizing blade are 90°.

 The air flow passage may be disposed on one of the two pulverizing knives, that is, on the moving knife or the fixed knives, or may be simultaneously disposed on the two pulverizing knives, that is, the moving knife and the fixed knife. When the air flow passages are simultaneously disposed on the two pulverizing knives, the opening positions of the air flow injection holes 101 on the two pulverizing blades may be aligned or may be shifted from each other.

 When the cryogenic material pulverizing structure of the first embodiment is operated, the positive pressure airflow enters the circulation cavity 105 at the back of the cutter head 102 from the external air source, and then rushes into the two through the airflow orifice 101 on the space 106. The gap between the pulverizing knives is directed to the working surface of the pulverizing blade and the surface of the material at a certain angle of incidence, and fills the gap to form a jet air curtain layer. During the material pulverization process, the wind flow is sufficiently in contact with the cutter and the material, and is directly cooled and cooled, and at the same time, the static electricity generated by the pulverization and grinding process is eliminated.

 When the air flow passage is disposed on the fixed knife, the wind flow is directed to the working surface of the movable knife and the surface of the material through the air flow passage, and fills the gap to form a jet air curtain layer, and the low temperature material is crushed in the first embodiment. The structure can realize the first working mode of the above low temperature material pulverization process.

When the air flow passage is disposed on the movable knife, the wind flow is directed to the fixed working surface and the material surface through the air flow passage, and fills the gap to form a jet air curtain layer, so that the low temperature material of the first embodiment The pulverizing structure can realize the second working mode of the above low temperature material pulverizing process. Similarly, when the air flow passage is simultaneously disposed on the fixed knife and the movable knife of the two pulverizing knives, the wind flow passes through the air flow passage and simultaneously faces the moving knife and the fixed working surface and the material surface, and fills the The gap forms a mixed jet air curtain layer, so that the low temperature material pulverizing structure of the first embodiment can realize the third working mode of the above low temperature material pulverizing process.

 Embodiment 2

 Please refer to the structural diagrams of Embodiment 2 of Figures 6, 7 and 8. The low-temperature material pulverizing structure of the second embodiment is disposed on the material pulverizing equipment for pulverizing the low-temperature material, and the low-temperature material pulverizing structure includes a cutter capable of pulverizing the material and a wind flow passage capable of passing into the airflow. The cutter is a two-pulverizing knife capable of relative movement, comprising a fixed fixed knife and a movable movable knife, wherein there is a gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife, and the material is crushed in the gap, the movement The working surface of the knife is parallel to the working surface of the fixed knife. The wind flow passage is disposed on the pulverizing blade and communicates with a gap between the two pulverizing blades. As shown in Fig. 6, the shape of the pulverizing blade is a disk shape, a cone shape or a column shape, and this embodiment is a disk shape. The pulverizing blade includes a plurality of blades 202 and a cutter head 201. The cutter head 201 is provided with a concave cutter vent groove 208, and the cutter vent groove 208 may be distributed along the radial direction of the cutter 201, or may be along The circumferential distribution of the cutter head 201, in this embodiment, the cutter disk ventilation grooves 208 are simultaneously staggered along the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the cutter head 201. The blade 202 is fixed to the cutter head 201 by a fixing screw 205 and a positioning pin 206 (see FIG. 6), and a blade ventilation gap corresponding to the blade air passage 208 is formed between the blades 202. 203, the surface of the blade 103 is the working surface of the pulverizing blade. The air flow channel includes a circulation cavity 207 and a plurality of air flow nozzles 204. The circulation cavity 207 is disposed at a back of the cutter head 201 and is connected to an external positive pressure air supply port. The plurality of air flow injection holes 204 are distributed. Provided in the cutter disk ventilation groove 208, which penetrates the disk body of the cutter head 201, and passes the gap between the circulation cavity 207 and the two grinding blades located outside the surface of the blade 202 through the blade ventilation slit 203 ( That is, the pulverization chamber is in communication (see FIG. 8), and the blade venting slit 203 is a slit-shaped airflow outlet. The axial direction of the airflow nozzle 204 forms an exit angle a with the surface of the blade 202, that is, the working surface of the pulverizing blade. Since the working faces of the two pulverizing blades are parallel to each other, the airflow orifice 204 of the pulverizing blade is axially aligned with The angle formed by the other pulverizing blade working surface is the same as the exit angle a, so that the direction of the airflow rushed from the pulverizing blade airflow nozzle 204 and the working surface of the other pulverizing blade to which the wind flow is directed are formed. The same angle of incidence as the exit angle σ. The diameter of the airflow nozzle 204 ranges from 0.1 to 16 诵, and the angle of incidence a ranges from 10° to 170°, depending on the type of material and the working condition. In this embodiment, the diameter of the airflow nozzle 204 is 16 legs, and the exit angle of the axial direction of the airflow nozzle 905 and the working surface of the grinding blade is 10°.

 The air flow passage may be disposed on one of the two pulverizing knives, that is, on the moving knife or the fixed knives, or may be simultaneously disposed on the two pulverizing knives, that is, the moving knife and the fixed knife. When the air flow passages are simultaneously disposed on the two pulverizing knives, the opening positions of the air flow orifices 204 on the two pulverizing knives may be aligned or may be shifted from each other.

When the low-temperature material pulverizing structure is operated in the second embodiment, the positive pressure airflow enters the circulation cavity 207 at the back of the cutter head 201 from the external air source, and is rushed into the airflow through the airflow injection hole 204 and the blade ventilation slit 203. Two The gap between the pulverizing knives is directed to the other pulverizing knife working surface and the material surface at a certain incident angle, and fills the gap to form a jet air curtain layer. During the material pulverization process, the wind flow is sufficiently in contact with the cutter and the material, and is directly cooled and cooled, and at the same time, the static electricity generated by the pulverization and grinding process is eliminated.

 When the air flow passage is disposed on the fixed cutter, or is disposed on the movable cutter, or is disposed on the fixed cutter and the movable cutter of the two crushing cutters, the low-temperature material crushing structure of the second embodiment can respectively realize the low temperature material. The first working mode, the second working mode or the third working mode of the pulverizing process method.

 Embodiment 3

 Please refer to the structural diagram of the third embodiment of FIG. The low-temperature material pulverizing structure of the third embodiment is disposed on the material pulverizing equipment for pulverizing the low-temperature material, and the chilling material pulverizing structure includes a cutter capable of pulverizing the material and a wind flow passage capable of passing into the airflow. The cutter is a two-pulverizing knife capable of relative movement, comprising a fixed fixed knife and a movable movable knife, wherein there is a gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife, and the material is crushed in the gap, the movement The working surface of the knife is parallel to the working surface of the fixed knife. The wind flow passage is disposed on the pulverizing blade and communicates with a gap between the two pulverizing blades. As shown in Fig. 9, the shape of the pulverizing blade is a disk shape, a cone shape or a column shape, and this embodiment is a disk shape. The pulverizing blade includes a blade 302 and a cutter head 301, and the blade 302 is fixed to the cutter head 301, and the surface of the blade 302 is the working surface of the pulverizing blade. The air flow passage includes a circulation cavity 306, a cutterhead through hole 305, a cutterhead circulation cavity 304, and a plurality of airflow orifices 303. The circulation cavity 306 is disposed at the rear of the cutter head 301, and is connected to the external positive pressure air supply opening; the cutter ring circulation cavity 304 is disposed at the front of the cutter head 301, which is a groove-shaped space. The cutter disk through hole 305 penetrates the disk body of the cutter head 301, and connects the circulation cavity 306 with the cutter ring circulation cavity 304; the cutter ring circulation cavity 304 and the air flow injection hole 305 may be One or more (as in this embodiment); the plurality of airflow orifices 303 are disposed on the blade 302 and penetrate the blade body of the blade 302 such that the cutter ring circulation cavity 304 is located outside the surface of the blade 302 The gap between the two pulverizing knives is in communication. Thus, the circulation cavity 306, the cutter hole through hole 305, the cutter ring circulation cavity 304, and the air flow orifice 303 sequentially penetrate to constitute the wind flow passage, and communicate with the gap between the two pulverizing blades. The axial direction of the airflow nozzle 303 forms an exit angle σ with the surface of the blade 302, that is, the working surface of the pulverizing blade. Since the working faces of the two pulverizing blades are parallel to each other, the airflow orifice 303 of the pulverizing blade The value of the angle formed with the other pulverizing blade working surface is the same as the angle of incidence a. Therefore, the direction of the airflow rushed from the plurality of airflow nozzle holes 303 of the pulverizing blade and the other pulverizing blade to which the wind flow is directed The working face forms the same angle of incidence as the exit angle. The diameter of the airflow orifice 303 ranges from 0.1 to 16 mm, and the range of the exit angle σ ranges from 10° to 170°. In this embodiment, The diameter of the airflow nozzle 303 is 0.1, and the angle of incidence a is 120.

The air flow passage may be disposed on one of the two pulverizing knives, that is, on a fixed knife or a movable knife, and FIG. 10 shows a situation in which the air flow passage is disposed on the fixed knives 307 of the two pulverizing knives 307 and 308. The case where the air flow passage is disposed on the movable knife can be referred to FIG. 17; the air flow passage can also be disposed on the two pulverizing knives at the same time, that is, the moving knife and the fixed knife. In this configuration, the air flow of the moving knife The orifice and the airflow orifice of the fixed knife can As shown in FIG. 18, as shown in FIG. 11, the airflow orifice of the movable blade 310 and the airflow orifice of the stationary blade 309 may be displaced from each other.

 When the low temperature material pulverizing structure of the third embodiment is operated, the positive pressure airflow enters the circulation cavity 306 behind the cutter head 301 from the external air source, and then passes through the cutter plate through hole 305 and the cutter ring circulation cavity 304 in sequence. And a plurality of airflow nozzles 303 are punched into the gap between the two pulverizing knives, and are directed to the other pulverizing blade working surface and the material surface at a certain incident angle, and fill the gap to form a jet air curtain layer. During the material pulverization process, the wind flow is fully contacted with the cutter and the material, and is directly cooled and cooled, and the static electricity generated by the pulverization and grinding process is eliminated.

 When the air flow passage is disposed on the fixed cutter, or is disposed on the movable cutter, or is disposed on the fixed cutter and the movable cutter of the two crushing knives, the low temperature material pulverizing structure of the third embodiment can respectively realize the above low temperature material. The first working mode, the second working mode or the third working mode of the pulverizing process method.

 Embodiment 4

 Please refer to the structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of FIG. The low-temperature material pulverizing structure of the fourth embodiment is disposed on the material pulverizing equipment for pulverizing the low-temperature material, and the chilling material pulverizing structure includes a cutter capable of pulverizing the material and a wind flow passage capable of passing into the airflow. The cutter is a two-pulverizing knife capable of relative movement, comprising a fixed fixed knife and a movable movable knife, wherein there is a gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife, and the material is crushed in the gap, the movement The working surface of the knife is parallel to the working surface of the fixed knife. The wind flow passage is disposed on the pulverizing blade and communicates with a gap between the two pulverizing blades. As shown in Fig. 12, the shape of the pulverizing blade is a disk shape, a cone shape or a column shape, and this embodiment has a cylindrical shape. The pulverizing blade has a blade body 401 whose surface is the working surface of the pulverizing blade. The wind flow passage includes a circulation cavity 403 and a plurality of air flow orifices 402. The circulation cavity 403 is disposed at the rear of the cutter body 401 and is connected to the external positive pressure air supply port. The air flow injection hole 402 passes through the cutter body 401, and the circulation cavity 403 is located at the cutter body 401. The gap between the two pulverizing blades on the outer side of the surface is in communication. The circulation cavities 403 may be one or more (Fig. 12). The axial direction of the airflow nozzle hole 402 forms an exit angle a with the surface of the cutter body 401, that is, the working surface of the pulverizing blade. Since the working faces of the two pulverizing blades are parallel to each other, the airflow orifice 402 of the pulverizing blade is The value of the angle formed by the axial direction and the other grinding blade working surface is the same as the exit angle, so the direction of the wind flow rushed from the plurality of airflow orifices 402 of the pulverizing blade and the other pulverization of the wind flow The working surface of the knives has the same angle of incidence as the exit angle. The diameter of the airflow orifice 402 is in the range of 0.1 to 16 legs, and the range of the exit angle is 10° to 170°. In this embodiment, The airflow orifice 402 has a diameter of 12 legs and an exit angle σ of 170°.

The air flow passage may be disposed on one of the two pulverizing knives, that is, on a fixed knife or a movable knife, and FIG. 13 shows a case where the air flow passage is disposed on the fixed knives 405 of the two pulverizing knives 404 and 405, The fixed knife 405 and the movable knife 404 are cylindrical, and the movable knife 404 is rotatable about its axis. Fig. 14 shows a case where the air flow passage is provided on the movable cutter 407 of the two pulverizing blades 404 and 405. The fixed knife 406 and the movable knife 407 have a conical shape, and the movable knife 407 is rotatable about its axis. The air flow channel can also be disposed on two pulverizing knives at the same time, that is, the moving knife and On the fixed knives, in this configuration, the airflow orifice of the movable knife and the airflow orifice of the fixed knife may be aligned correspondingly. As shown in FIG. 15, the fixed knife 408 and the movable knife 409 are cylindrical. The movable knife 409 is rotatable about its axis, and the air flow passage is disposed on both sides; as shown in FIG. 11, the airflow orifice of the movable knife 411 and the airflow orifice of the fixed knife 410 are mutually positioned. Staggered, the stationary blade 410 and the movable blade 411 have a conical shape, and the movable blade 411 is rotatable about its axis.

 Referring to FIG. 12, during the operation of the low-temperature material pulverizing structure of the fourth embodiment, the positive pressure airflow enters the circulation cavity 306 behind the cutter body 401 from the external air source, and then passes through the airflow injection hole 402 in sequence. The gap between the two pulverizing knives is directed to the other pulverizing knife working surface and the material surface at a certain incident angle, and fills the gap to form a jet air curtain layer. During the material pulverization process, the wind flow is sufficiently in contact with the cutter and the material, and is directly cooled and cooled, and at the same time, the static electricity generated by the pulverization and grinding process is eliminated.

 When the air flow passage is disposed on the fixed cutter, or is disposed on the movable cutter, or is disposed on the fixed cutter and the movable cutter of the two crushing knives, the low-temperature material pulverizing structure of the fourth embodiment can respectively realize the above-mentioned low-temperature material. The first working mode, the second working mode or the third working mode of the pulverizing process method.

 The specific structure of the low-temperature material pulverizing structure of the present invention described in the above four embodiments can be applied to a conventional material pulverizing apparatus to pulverize a low-temperature material having a low melting temperature. The following are examples for explaining such a low temperature material pulverizing apparatus.

 Embodiment 5

 Referring to the structural diagram of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the cryogenic material pulverizing apparatus of the fifth embodiment is a horizontal disc blasting machine for pulverizing low temperature materials. The horizontal disc cutter fine grinder includes a feed port 511, a spindle 510, a cutter and a flow passage. The cutter is used for pulverizing materials, and is a two-pulverizing knife capable of relative movement, which comprises a fixed fixed knife and a movable cutter capable of rotating, the working surface of the movable knife is parallel to the working surface of the fixed knife, and both There is a gap between them, and the material is pulverized in the gap. The feed port 511 is coupled to the fixed knife and opens at a gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife for adding material. The spindle 510 is rotatable by power, and its axis is horizontally placed, and the movable blade is fixed to the spindle 510. The air flow passage is disposed on the pulverizing blade and communicates with a gap between the two pulverizing knives, and is capable of passing a wind flow.

 As shown in Fig. 17, the two pulverizing blades in this embodiment are all disk-shaped. The fixed knife includes a fixed cutter 501 and a fixed blade 502 which is fixed to the fixed cutter 501 and whose surface is the working surface of the fixed cutter. The movable blade includes a movable cutter disk 503 and a movable blade 504. The movable blade 504 is fixed on the movable cutter disk 503, and the surface of the movable blade 504 is the working surface of the movable blade.

In this embodiment, the wind flow channel is disposed on the movable knife. The air flow passage includes a circulation cavity 508, a movable cutter disk through hole 507, a movable cutter ring circulation cavity 506, and a plurality of air flow injection holes 505. The circulation cavity 508 is disposed at the rear of the movable cutter disc 503, and an external positive pressure air supply port 509 is disposed on the cavity wall for introducing a positive pressure air flow; the movable cutter disk circulation cavity 506 is disposed at the movement a front portion of the cutter head 503, which is a groove-shaped cavity; The through hole 507 penetrates the disk body of the movable cutter disk 503, and connects the circulation cavity 508 to the movable cutter ring circulation cavity 506; the movable cutter ring circulation cavity 506 and the air flow injection hole 505 may be one or more The plurality of airflow nozzles 505 are disposed on the movable blade 504 and penetrate the body of the movable blade 504 such that the movable cutter ring circulation cavity 506 is located outside the surface of the movable blade 504. The gap between the two pulverizing knives is connected. Therefore, the circulation cavity 508, the movable cutter disk through hole 507, the movable cutter ring circulation cavity 506, and the air flow injection hole 505 sequentially penetrate to constitute the wind flow passage, and communicate with the gap between the two grinding blades. The diameter of the airflow nozzle 505 is in the range of 0.1 to 16; the axial direction of the airflow nozzle 505 and the surface of the movable blade 504, that is, the working surface of the movable blade, are 10°. ~170°. Since the working faces of the two pulverizing knives are parallel to each other, the value of the angle formed by the axial direction of the moving blade airflow nozzle 505 and the fixed working face is the same as the exit angle, and thus the plurality of airflow nozzles 505 The direction of the airflow that is rushed out and the fixed knife face that the windflow is directed to form the same angle of incidence as the exit angle. Depending on the type of material and the working conditions, a mathematical model can be established to calculate the combined values within the above range by calculating and combining the empirical values. In this embodiment, the diameter of the airflow nozzle 505 is 6, and the axial direction of the movable airflow nozzle 505 and the working surface of the movable blade are 135°.

 When the low temperature material pulverizing equipment of the fifth embodiment is working, the material enters the gap between the fixed knife and the movable knife from the feeding port 511, and the positive pressure airflow enters the moving cutter disk 503 through the positive pressure air supply port 509 from the external air source. The rear circulation cavity 508 is sequentially rushed into the gap between the two pulverizing knives through the movable cutter disc through hole 507, the movable cutter ring circulation cavity 506 and the plurality of air flow injection holes 505, with a certain injection. The angle is directed toward the fixed working surface and the surface of the material, and fills the gap to form a jet air curtain layer. During the material pulverization process, the wind flow is sufficiently in contact with the cutter and the material, and is directly cooled and cooled, and at the same time, the static electricity generated by the pulverization and grinding process is eliminated. The low temperature material pulverizing apparatus of the fifth embodiment can realize the second working mode of the low temperature material pulverizing process.

 Embodiment 6

 Referring to FIG. 18, a schematic diagram of the structure of the sixth embodiment, the low-temperature material pulverizing apparatus of the sixth embodiment is a vertical disc cutter fine grinding machine for pulverizing low-temperature materials. The vertical disc cutter fine grinder includes a main shaft 615, a cutter and a wind flow passage. The cutter is used for pulverizing materials, and is a two-pulverizing knife capable of relative movement, which comprises a fixed fixed knife and a movable cutter capable of rotating, the working surface of the movable knife is parallel to the working surface of the fixed knife, and both There is a gap between them, and the material is pulverized in the gap. The spindle 615 is rotatable by power, the axis of which is placed vertically, and the movable knife is fixed to the spindle 615. The air flow passage is disposed on the pulverizing blade and communicates with a gap between the two pulverizing knives, and is capable of opening a wind flow.

 As shown in Fig. 18, the two pulverizing blades in this embodiment have a disk shape. The fixed knife includes a fixed cutter 601 and a fixed blade 602. The fixed blade 602 is fixed to the fixed cutter 601, and the surface thereof is the working surface of the fixed cutter. The movable blade includes a movable cutter disk 608 and a movable blade 609. The movable blade 609 is fixed to the movable cutter disk 608, and the surface of the movable blade 609 is the working surface of the movable blade.

In this embodiment, the air flow passage is simultaneously disposed on the two pulverizing knives, that is, the fixed knives and the movable knives, and includes the fixed knife air flow passage and the movable knife air flow passage. The fixed air flow passage includes a first circulation cavity 606, a fixed cutter through hole 605, a fixed cutter circulation cavity 604, and a plurality of air flow injection holes 603. The first circulation cavity 606 is disposed above the fixed cutter head 601, and a first positive pressure air supply port 607 is disposed on the cavity wall to pass the positive pressure air flow; the fixed cutter disk circulation cavity 604 is disposed. In the lower part of the fixed cutter 601, which is a groove-shaped cavity; the fixed cutter hole through hole 605 penetrates the disk body of the fixed cutter disk 601, and the first circulation cavity 606 and the fixed cutter ring are emptied The cavity 604 is connected to each other; the fixed cutter circulation cavity 604 and the airflow injection hole 603 may be one or more (as in this embodiment); the plurality of airflow injection holes 603 are disposed on the fixed blade 602, and The cutter body passing through the fixed blade 602 communicates with the gap between the fixed cutter ring circulation cavity 604 and the two crushing blades located outside the surface of the fixed blade 602. Therefore, the first circulation cavity 606, the fixed cutter hole 605, the fixed cutter circulation cavity 604, and the airflow injection hole 603 sequentially pass through the fixed cutter air passage, and communicate with the gap between the two grinding blades. The diameter of the airflow nozzle 603 ranges from 0.1 to 16; the axial direction of the airflow nozzle 603 and the surface of the fixed blade 602, that is, the working surface of the fixed blade, have an exit angle of 10°. ~170°. The combined value in the above range can also be determined by calculation and combined with the empirical value. In this embodiment, the diameter of the airflow nozzle 603 is 8 and the exit angle is 120°.

 The movable knife air flow passage includes a second circulation cavity 613, a moving cutter disk through hole 612, a movable cutter ring circulation cavity 611, and a plurality of air flow injection holes 610. The second circulation cavity 613 is disposed below the movable cutter disk 608, and a second positive pressure air supply port 614 is disposed on the cavity wall to open the positive pressure airflow; the movable cutter disk circulation cavity 611 is disposed. In the upper part of the movable cutter disc 608, it is a groove-shaped cavity; the movable cutter disc through hole 612 penetrates the disc body of the movable cutter disc 608, and the second circulation cavity 613 and the movable cutter ring are emptied The cavity 611 is connected to each other; the movable cutter ring circulation cavity 611 and the air flow injection hole 610 may be one or more (as in this embodiment); the plurality of airflow injection holes 610 are disposed on the movable blade 609, and The cutter body that penetrates the movable blade 609 communicates with the gap between the movable cutter ring circulation cavity 611 and the two crushing blades located outside the surface of the movable blade 609. Therefore, the second circulation cavity 613, the movable cutter disk through hole 612, the movable cutter ring circulation cavity 611, and the air flow injection hole 610 sequentially pass through the movable blade air flow passage and communicate with the gap between the two crushing blades. The diameter of the airflow nozzle 610 ranges from 0.1 to 16 mm; the axial direction of the airflow nozzle 610 and the surface of the movable blade 609, that is, the working surface of the movable blade, have an exit angle of 10°. ~170°. In this embodiment, the airflow orifice 610 has a diameter of 15 legs and an exit angle of 30°.

 As described above, the exit angles and the flow directions of the airflow nozzle holes 603 and the airflow nozzle holes 610 are the same as the incident angles formed by the grinding blade working faces to which the wind current flows.

 The positions of the airflow orifice 610 of the movable blade and the airflow orifice 603 of the fixed blade are arranged in a matrix. In this embodiment, the relative positions of the two are aligned (see Fig. 18). Of course, the airflow orifice 610 and the airflow orifice 603 may also be offset from each other (Fig. 11).

When the low-temperature material pulverizing equipment of the sixth embodiment is working, the material enters the gap between the fixed knife and the movable knife from the feeding port, and the positive pressure airflow is sent by the external air source through the first positive pressure air supply port 607 and the second positive pressure air supply. The tuyes 614 respectively enter the first circulation cavity 606 and the second circulation cavity 613, and then pass through the fixed cutter through holes respectively. 605, the fixed cutter circulation cavity 604 and the plurality of air flow injection holes 603, and the movable cutter disc through hole 612, the movable cutter ring circulation cavity 611 and the plurality of airflow injection holes 610 are punched into the gap between the two crushing knives And a certain injection angle is respectively directed to the working surface of the movable knife and the fixed knife and the surface of the material, and fills the gap to form a jet air curtain layer. During the material pulverization process, the wind flow is sufficiently in contact with the cutter and the material, and is directly cooled and cooled, and at the same time, the static electricity generated by the pulverization and grinding process is eliminated. The low temperature material pulverizing apparatus of the sixth embodiment can realize the third working mode of the low temperature material pulverizing process.

 Example 7

 Referring to FIG. 19, a schematic diagram of the structure of the seventh embodiment, the low temperature material pulverizing apparatus of the seventh embodiment is a horizontal cone cutter fine grinding machine for pulverizing low temperature materials. The horizontal cone cutter fine grinder includes a feed port 707, a spindle 708, a cutter, and a flow passage. The cutter is used for pulverizing materials, and is a two-pulverizing knife capable of relative movement, which comprises a fixed fixed knife and a movable cutter capable of rotating, the working surface of the movable knife is parallel to the working surface of the fixed knife, and both There is a gap between them, and the material is pulverized in the gap. The feed port 707 is fixed to the frame and communicates with the gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife for adding material. The main shaft 708 is rotatably driven by a power, and its axis is horizontally placed. The main shaft of the main shaft 708 is provided with a hollow central hole. One end of the central hole is connected to the positive pressure air supply port 709, and the other end is connected to the through hole formed on the main shaft 708. 706. The air flow passage is disposed on the pulverizing blade and communicates with a gap between the two pulverizing knives, and is capable of passing a wind flow.

 As shown in Fig. 19, the two pulverizing blades in this embodiment are all conical. The fixed knife includes a fixed cutter body 701 fixed to the frame, and the surface thereof is a working surface of the fixed knife. The movable knife includes a movable cutter body 702 fixed at a position of the through hole 706 of the spindle 708, and the surface of the movable cutter body 702 is a working surface of the movable cutter.

 The air flow passage is disposed on the movable knife, and includes a circulation cavity 704 and a plurality of air flow orifices 703. The circulation cavity 704 is disposed in the inner cavity of the movable cutter body 702, and communicates with the through hole 706 on the main shaft 708, so as to be connected to the positive pressure air supply port 709 through the center hole of the main shaft 708 to be externally accessed. Merry. The plurality of air flow orifices 703 extend through the movable cutter body 702 to communicate the circulation cavity 704 with a gap between two crushing knives located outside the surface of the movable cutter body 702.

The diameter of the airflow nozzle hole 703 is in the range of 0.1 to 16 mm _; the axial direction of the airflow nozzle hole 703 and the surface of the movable blade body 702, that is, the working surface of the movable blade, are in the range of 10 ° ~170°. As described above, the exit angle and the direction of the wind flow are the same as the incident angle formed by the fixed cutter face to which the wind flow is directed. The combined value in the above range can also be determined by calculation and combined with the empirical value. In the present embodiment, the airflow orifice 703 has a diameter of 14 legs and an exit angle of 150°.

Referring to FIG. 19, when the cryogenic material pulverizing apparatus of the seventh embodiment is in operation, the positive pressure airflow passes through the positive pressure air supply port 709, the central hole of the main shaft 708, and the through hole 706 through the external air source to enter the movable cutter body 702. The circulation cavity 704 is further rushed into the gap between the two pulverizing knives by the air flow orifice 703, and is directed to the fixed working surface and the material surface at a certain incident angle, and fills the gap to form a jet wind. Curtain layer. Smashed in material In the process, the wind flow is fully contacted with the cutter and the material, and the direct cooling and cooling are performed thereon, and the static electricity generated by the pulverizing and grinding process is eliminated. The low temperature material pulverizing apparatus of the seventh embodiment can realize the second working mode of the low temperature material pulverizing process.

 Example eight

 Referring to the structural schematic diagram of the eighth embodiment of the present invention, the cryogenic material pulverizing apparatus of the eighth embodiment is a vertical cone cutter fine grinding machine for pulverizing low temperature materials. The illustrated vertical cone knife fine grinder includes a feed port 807, a feed port 808, a spindle 806, a cutter, and a flow passage. The cutter is used for pulverizing materials, and is a two-pulverizing knife capable of relative movement, which comprises a fixed fixed knife and a movable cutter capable of rotating, the working surface of the movable knife is parallel to the working surface of the fixed knife, and both There is a gap between them, and the material is pulverized in the gap. The feed port 807 is fixed to the frame and communicates with the gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife for adding material. The discharge port 808 is also fixed to the frame and communicates with the gap between the movable knife and the fixed knife for discharging the pulverized material. The spindle 806 is rotatable by power and its axis is placed vertically. The wind flow passage is disposed on the pulverizing blade and communicates with a gap between the two pulverizing knives, and is capable of passing air flow.

 As shown in Fig. 20, the two pulverizing blades in this embodiment are all conical. The fixed knife includes a fixed cutter body 801 fixed to the frame, and the surface thereof is a working surface of the fixed knife. The movable knife includes a movable cutter body 803 which is fixed to the main shaft 806, and the surface of the movable cutter body 803 is a working surface of the movable cutter.

 In this embodiment, the air flow passage is disposed on the fixed knife, and includes a circulation cavity 805 and a plurality of air flow injection holes 802. The circulation cavity 805 is disposed at the rear of the fixed cutter body 801, and an external positive pressure air supply opening 804 is disposed on the cavity wall to pass the positive pressure air flow; the plurality of air flow injection holes 802 extend through the fixed cutter body 801, the circulation cavity 805 is connected to a gap between two pulverizing blades located outside the surface of the fixed cutter body 801. The diameter of the airflow nozzle hole 802 is in the range of 0.1 to 16; the axial direction of the airflow nozzle hole 802 and the surface of the fixed blade body 801, that is, the working surface of the fixed blade, are in the range of 10 ° ~170°. In this embodiment, the diameter of the airflow orifice 802 is 0.1 诵, and the exit angle is 45°.

 When the low-temperature material pulverizing apparatus of the eighth embodiment is in operation, the material enters the gap between the fixed knife and the movable knife from the feeding port 807, and the positive pressure airflow enters the circulation cavity 805 through the positive pressure air supply port 804 from the external air source. Then, through a plurality of airflow nozzles 802, the gap between the two pulverizing knives is rushed into the working surface of the moving knives and the surface of the material at a certain incident angle, and the gap is filled to form a jet air curtain layer. During the material pulverization process, the air flow is sufficiently in contact with the cutter and the material, and is directly cooled and cooled, and at the same time, the static electricity generated by the pulverization and grinding process is eliminated. The low temperature material pulverizing apparatus of the eighth embodiment can realize the first working mode of the low temperature material pulverizing process.

 Example nine

Please refer to the structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 9 of FIG. 21, which shows that the low temperature material pulverizing equipment is a horizontal roller knives fine grinding machine for pulverizing low temperature materials. The horizontal roller cutter fine grinding machine shown includes the cutter and the air circulation. Road. The cutter is used for pulverizing materials, and is a two-pulverizing knife capable of relative movement, which comprises a fixed fixed knife and a movable cutter capable of rotating, the working surface of the movable knife is parallel to the working surface of the fixed knife, and both There is a gap between them, and the material is pulverized in the gap. The air flow passage is disposed on the pulverizing knife and communicates with a gap between the two pulverizing knives, and is capable of passing into a wind flow.

 As shown in Fig. 22, the two pulverizing blades in this embodiment have a cylindrical shape. More specifically, the fixed knives have a semi-cylindrical shape or a small semi-cylindrical shape, and the movable knives have a cylindrical shape. The fixed knife includes a fixed knife base 901 and a fixed cutter body 902. The plurality of fixed cutter bodies 902 are one or more (one in the embodiment), and are axially arranged and fixed to the fixed knife base 901. On the inner cylinder wall, the surface is the working surface of the fixed knife, and the arc angle Θ of the fixed working surface can be in the range of 0° < Θ ^180° (see Figure 22). The moving blade includes a moving blade roller 908 and a plurality of moving blades 904. The moving blades 904 are one or more segments which are axially arranged and fixed on the outer cylinder wall of the movable blade roller 908. The moving blade 904 is a single section, and its surface is the working surface of the moving blade. The movable knife roller 908 is rotatable by power, and its axis is horizontally placed. The movable cutter roller 908 is provided with a hollow central hole at the axial center, and the outer end of the central hole is connected with the positive pressure air supply opening. The fixed knife is coaxial with the movable knife.

 In this embodiment, the air flow passage is simultaneously disposed on the two pulverizing knives, that is, the fixed knives and the movable knives, and includes the fixed knife air flow passage and the movable knife air flow passage.

 The fixed knife air flow passage includes a first circulation cavity 907 and a plurality of air flow orifices 903. The first circulation cavity 907 is disposed in the inner cavity of the fixed knife base 901, and the first positive pressure air supply port 906 is disposed on the cavity wall to pass the positive pressure airflow, and the first circulation cavity 907 And the airflow nozzle 903 may be one or more (as in this embodiment); the plurality of airflow nozzles 903 are disposed on the fixed cutter body 902, and penetrate the fixed cutter body 902 to make the first circulation cavity 907 is in communication with a gap between the two pulverizing knives located outside the surface of the fixed cutter body 902, so that the fixed knife air flow passage communicates with the gap between the two pulverizing knives. The diameter of the airflow nozzle hole 903 is in the range of 0.1 to 16 mm; the axial direction of the airflow nozzle hole 903 and the surface of the fixed blade body 902, that is, the working surface of the fixed blade, are in the range of 10 ° ~170°. In this embodiment, the airflow orifice 903 has a diameter of 5 诵 and an exit angle of 170°.

The movable knife air flow passage includes a second circulation cavity 910, a movable knife roller through hole 911, a moving knife roller circulation cavity 912, and a plurality of air flow injection holes 905. The second circulation cavity 910 is disposed in the inner cavity of the movable knife roller 908, and communicates with the inner end of the central hole of the movable knife roller 908 to open a positive pressure airflow; the movable knife roller circulation cavity 912 is disposed. On the outer wall of the movable knife roll 908, it is a groove-shaped cavity; the movable knife roll through hole 911 penetrates the wall of the movable knife roll 908, and the second circulating cavity 910 and the movable knife roll are circulated. The movable turret circumfluent cavity 912 and the airflow vent 905 may be one or more (as in this embodiment); the plurality of airflow vents 905 are disposed on the movable blade 904. Further, the cutter body that penetrates the movable blade 904 communicates with the gap between the movable cutter roller circulation cavity 912 and the two crushing blades located outside the surface of the movable blade 904. Therefore, the second circulation cavity 910, the movable knife roller through hole 911, the movable knife roller circulation cavity 912, and the air flow injection hole 905 sequentially penetrate to constitute the movable blade air flow passage, and communicate with the gap between the two grinding blades. 1〜 The diameter of the range of 0. 1~ 16 mm; The axial direction of the airflow nozzle 905 and the surface of the movable blade 904, that is, the working surface of the movable blade, have an exit angle ranging from 10° to 170°. In this embodiment, the diameter of the airflow nozzle 905 is 16 and the exit angle is 60°. As described above, the exit angles and the airflow directions of the airflow nozzle holes 903 and the airflow nozzle holes 905 are the same as the incident angles formed by the grinding blade working faces to which the wind current flows.

 The position of the airflow orifice 903 of the movable knife and the airflow orifice 905 of the fixed knife are arranged in a matrix. In this embodiment, the relative positions of the two are arranged to be shifted from each other (see FIG. 21), and the airflow orifice 903 and the airflow The position of the orifice 905 can also be in a corresponding alignment.

 When the cryogenic material pulverizing device of the ninth embodiment is in operation, the material enters the gap between the fixed knife and the movable knife from the feeding port, and the positive pressure airflow passes through the first positive pressure air blowing port 906 and the movable knife roller 908 from the external air source. The central hole respectively enters the first circulation cavity 907 and the second circulation cavity 910, and then passes through the plurality of air flow injection holes 903 and sequentially through the movable knife roller through hole 911, the moving knife roller circulation cavity 912 and more The air flow nozzles 905 are rushed into the gap between the two pulverizing knives, and are respectively directed to the working surface of the movable knife and the fixed knife and the surface of the material at a certain incident angle, and filled with the gap to form a jet air curtain layer. During the material pulverization process, the wind flow is sufficiently in contact with the cutter and the material, and is directly cooled and cooled, and at the same time, the static electricity generated by the pulverization and grinding process is eliminated. The low temperature material pulverizing apparatus of the ninth embodiment can realize the third working mode of the low temperature material pulverizing process.

 In summary, the low-temperature material pulverization process and structure proposed by the invention fundamentally solve the problem in the processing of low-temperature materials, and the airflow after ionization is blown into the "crushing chamber" to form a jet air curtain layer. The tool and the material are directly cooled and cooled, and the static electricity generated by the pulverizing and grinding process is eliminated, thereby eliminating the influence of static electricity on the processing, and solving the problem that the low temperature material is softened and denatured, melt-bonded into a mass due to the temperature rise, and the pulverization is caused. The low-temperature materials coming out are invariant and do not form agglomerates. At the same time, the talc powder is not added in the process, and the water is not cooled by water, thereby achieving the effect of good material filtering property. The invention can be used for pulverizing low temperature materials with low melting temperature, such as rubber, plastic, protein powder, Chinese medicinal materials and the like.

 The above description of the embodiments of the present invention is intended to be illustrative only and not to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention. Equivalent substitutions and modifications made by the essential features are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

Rights request A method for pulverizing a low-temperature material, which comprises pulverizing a material by using a low-temperature material pulverizing device, the device comprising two pulverizing knives capable of relative movement and a wind flow passage communicating with the gap between the two pulverizing knives, wherein: The method includes the following steps:  (1) the material enters the gap between the two pulverizing knives;  (2) a wind flow is directed through the wind flow passage to the working surface of the grinding blade and the surface of the material at an incident angle, and fills the gap to form a jet air curtain layer;  (3) two pulverizing knives are moved relative to each other, and the material is pulverized in the jet air curtain layer;  (4) The pulverized material is discharged into the gap with the wind flow.  2. The method of pulverizing a low temperature material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the wind flow is directed through the air flow passage to a working surface of one of the two pulverizing blades.  3. The method of pulverizing a low temperature material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the wind flow is simultaneously directed to the working faces of the two pulverizing blades through the air flow passage.  The method for pulverizing a low temperature material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein in the step (2), the direction of the wind flow and the angle of incidence formed by the working face of the pulverizing blade The range is from 10° to 170. .  The low-temperature material pulverization process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that, in the step (2), the wind flow is subjected to ionization treatment before entering the air flow passage.  The low-temperature material pulverization process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that, in the step (2), the wind flow is subjected to a cooling treatment before entering the air flow passage.  A low-temperature material pulverizing structure for realizing the low-temperature material pulverizing process according to claim 1, comprising two pulverizing knives capable of relative movement, wherein the two pulverizing knives have a gap therebetween, wherein: the structure Also included is a wind flow passage that is capable of opening a wind flow, the wind flow passage being disposed on the pulverizing blade and in communication with the gap.  The low-temperature material pulverizing structure according to claim 7, wherein the pulverizing blade has a disk shape, a cone shape or a column shape.  The low-temperature material pulverizing structure according to claim 7, wherein the air flow passage is disposed on one of the two pulverizing knives or simultaneously on the two pulverizing knives. 10. The cryogenic material pulverizing structure according to claim 7, wherein: the pulverizing blade comprises a plurality of blades and a cutter head, and the cutter disc is provided with a plurality of grooves corresponding to the blades, each concave A groove is formed between the grooves, the blade is fixed in the groove; the air flow passage includes a circulation cavity and a plurality of air flow nozzles, and the circulation cavity is disposed at a back of the cutter head, and an external air supply port In connection, the plurality of airflow nozzles are spaced apart from each other at the interval, and penetrate the disk of the cutter head to communicate the gap between the circulation cavity and the two pulverizing blades.  11. The cryogenic material pulverizing structure according to claim 7, wherein: the pulverizing blade comprises a plurality of blades and a cutter head, and the cutter disc is provided with a concave cutter disc ventilation groove, wherein the insert is fixed to the cutter a blade ventilation gap is formed between the blades at a position of the cutter groove of the cutter disc; the air flow passage includes a circulation cavity and a plurality of air flow nozzles, and the circulation cavity is disposed at the cutter head The back of the cutter head is connected to an external positive pressure air supply opening, and the plurality of air flow injection holes are disposed in the cutter air passage groove, and penetrate the disk body of the cutter head, and pass through the blade ventilation slit The circulation cavity is communicated with a gap between the two pulverizing blades.  12. The cryogenic material pulverizing structure according to claim 7, wherein: the pulverizing blade comprises a blade and a cutter head, and the blade is fixed on the cutter head; the air flow passage comprises a circulation cavity and a cutter pass a hole, a cutter ring circulation cavity and a plurality of air flow nozzles, wherein the circulation cavity is disposed at a rear of the cutter head, and is connected to an external positive pressure air supply opening, wherein the cutter ring circulation cavity is disposed on the cutter head a front portion, which is a groove-shaped cavity, the cutter plate through hole penetrating through the disk body of the cutter head, and the circulation cavity is communicated with the cutter ring circulation cavity, and the plurality of air flow nozzle holes are disposed at A blade body on the blade and penetrating the blade communicates the cutter ring circulation cavity with a gap between the two pulverizing blades.  The low-temperature material pulverizing structure according to claim 7, wherein: the pulverizing blade has a cutter body; the air flow passage includes a circulation cavity and a plurality of airflow nozzle holes, and the circulation cavity is provided in the The rear of the cutter body is connected to the external positive pressure air supply port, and the air flow spray hole penetrates the cutter body to communicate the circulation cavity with the gap between the two crushing knives.  The low-temperature material pulverizing structure according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that: the working faces of the two pulverizing knives are parallel, and the axial direction of the pulverizing knife airflow nozzle hole and the working surface of the pulverizing blade are formed. 1 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16  A cryogenic material pulverizing apparatus, characterized in that: the apparatus comprises the low temperature material pulverizing structure according to claim 6. The cryogenic material pulverizing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein: the two pulverizing knives are each in a cylindrical shape, and includes a fixed fixed knife and a rotatable moving knife, the fixed knife and the moving knife being coaxial And the axis is horizontal, the working faces of the two are parallel, the fixed knife comprises a fixed knife base and a plurality of fixed cutter bodies, and the fixed fixed cutter bodies are axially arranged and fixed on the inner cylinder wall of the fixed knife base, The moving knife comprises a moving knife roller and a plurality of moving blades, wherein the moving blades are axially arranged on the outer cylinder wall of the movable knife roller, and a central hole is arranged at the axial center of the moving knife roller, and the outer end of the central hole is connected a positive pressure air supply port; the air flow channel is simultaneously disposed on the fixed knife and the movable knife, and includes a fixed knife air flow channel and a movable knife air flow channel, wherein the fixed air flow channel includes a first circulation cavity and a plurality of first a first air circulation cavity is disposed in the inner cavity of the fixed knife base, and a first positive pressure air supply port is disposed on the cavity wall, and the plurality of first air flow injection holes are disposed on the fixed body And passing through the fixed cutter body to communicate the first circulation cavity with a gap between the two crushing knives, wherein the movable air flow passage includes a second circulation cavity, a moving knife roller through hole, and a moving knife roller circulation cavity And a plurality of second air flow nozzles, wherein the second circulation cavity is disposed in the inner cavity of the movable knife roller, and communicates with the inner end of the central hole of the movable knife roller, wherein the moving knife roller circulation cavity is disposed on the movement On the outer wall of the knife roll, which is a groove-shaped cavity, the movable knife roller through hole penetrates the barrel wall of the movable knife roll, and connects the second circulation cavity to the moving knife roller circulation cavity, the plurality of The second airflow nozzle is disposed on the movable blade and penetrates the blade body of the movable blade to connect the circulating roller cavity of the movable blade to the gap between the two grinding blades.