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WO2013067611A1 - Non-heated enzymatic process for the production of ethanol - Google Patents

Non-heated enzymatic process for the production of ethanol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013067611A1
WO2013067611A1 PCT/BR2012/000433 BR2012000433W WO2013067611A1 WO 2013067611 A1 WO2013067611 A1 WO 2013067611A1 BR 2012000433 W BR2012000433 W BR 2012000433W WO 2013067611 A1 WO2013067611 A1 WO 2013067611A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
enzymatic process
ethanol
production
heated
ethanol production
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/BR2012/000433
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French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Eduardo CAUDURO MALLMANN
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Publication of WO2013067611A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013067611A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
    • C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention describes a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production. More specifically it comprises a process that utilizes starch hydrolyzing enzyme for simultaneous fermentation and cold saccharification.
  • Biofuels have shown great potential for larger scale substitution of petroleum derivatives.
  • Sugar cane, corn, sugar beet, oilseeds such as soybean, castor oil, palm oil, in addition to plant biomass such as cellulose, hemiceiulose and lignin are interesting sources for the generation of this type of fuel.
  • Ethanol ⁇ CH 3 CH 2 OH also called ethyl alcohol and, in ordinary language, simply alcohol, is an Organic substance obtained from the fermentation of sugars, hydration of ethylene or reduction to acetoide.
  • ethanol is widely used as a fuel for explosion engines, thus constituting a growing market for renewable fuel and the establishment of a basic chemical industry, sustained by the use of biomass of agricultural and renewable origin.
  • the ethanol production process is divided into three major stages: a) preparation of the raw material, pre-cooking to gelatinization, hydrolysis / saccharification with the addition of ⁇ -amylase and glucoamylase (saccharifying); fermentation and distillation.
  • Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation may occur separately or simultaneously. If it occurs separately, the advantage is the possibility of optimizing the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation temperatures, where in enzymatic hydrolysis the cellulose is broken down into cellobiose, which is subsequently converted into two glucose molecules by ⁇ -giucosidase. . However, endogiucanase activity is inhibited by cellobiose and ⁇ -glucosidase activity by glucose.
  • Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation is a way to prevent enzymatic inhibition, as as glucose is being formed it is also being consumed for ethanol production, leading to greater cellulose conversion.
  • an intermediate temperature condition is required for the enzymes and the yeast added once the optimum temperature for saccharification is about 55 to 30 C and S C for fermentation.
  • the invention provides a cold enzymatic process for production of ethanol with hydrophysication of granular starch without the need for conventional gelatinization and liquefaction processes.
  • the invention provides a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production that eliminates the need for activators such as calcium and caustic soda to enhance enzymatic activity.
  • the invention provides a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production that provides higher ethanol production per kilogram of biomass.
  • the invention provides a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production that reduces the energy requirement for heating the wheels.
  • the invention provides a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production that eliminates the essential vitamin and amino acid losses in the simultaneous cold fermentation and saccharification process.
  • the invention provides a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production that provides lower glycerine production when compared to hot processes, with a reduction of about 20%.
  • Figure 1 presents the graph comparing the pH of starch and the pH of ethanol stored in dornas
  • the cold enzymatic process for ethanol production comprises in a first step the disintegration of the raw material, selected from grains, roots or tubers.
  • the disintegration is preferably carried out with a 0.8mm sieve, followed by hydration of the raw material at a rate of 04 liters per kilogram for grains and 1 liter per kilogram for roots and tubers.
  • the raw material is washed and peeled, followed by comminution.
  • the disintegrated and hydrated raw material is stored in drums for the addition of 0.02 to 0.08 wt% biomass and yeast between 0.095 and 0.0105 for the breakdown of molecules. of sucrose.
  • the stored biomass pH in the drums should be between 3.8 and 4.5, as shown in figure 1, and the temperature between 31 ° C and 33 ° C, with constant stirring to keep the solids in suspension for up to 75 hours.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

A non-heated enzymatic process is described for the production of ethanol by means of simultaneous fermentation and non-heated saccharification using enzymes that hydrolyze starch and yeasts, under specific temperature, stirring and pH conditions, according to the biomass that is used.

Description

PROCESSO ENZIMÁTICO A FRIO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL CAMPO DA INVENÇÃO  COLD ENZYMATIC PROCESS FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION

A presente invenção descreve um processo enzimático a frio para produção de etanol. Mais especificamente compreende um processo que utiliza enzima hidrolisadora de amido para fermentação e sacarificação a frio de forma simultânea.  The present invention describes a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production. More specifically it comprises a process that utilizes starch hydrolyzing enzyme for simultaneous fermentation and cold saccharification.

ANTECEDENTES DA INVENÇÃO BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Os biocombustíveis têm demonstrado um grande potencial para a substituição em escala maior dos derivados de petróleo. Cana-de- açúcar, milho, beterraba, oleaginosas como a soja, mamona, dendê, alem de biomassa vegetal como celulose, hemiceiulose e lignina se apresentam como fontes interessantes para a geração deste tipo de combustível  Biofuels have shown great potential for larger scale substitution of petroleum derivatives. Sugar cane, corn, sugar beet, oilseeds such as soybean, castor oil, palm oil, in addition to plant biomass such as cellulose, hemiceiulose and lignin are interesting sources for the generation of this type of fuel.

O etanol <CH3 CH2OH), também chamado álcool etílico e, na linguagem corrente, simplesmente álcool, é uma substância Orgânica obtida da fermentação de açúcares, hidratação do etileno ou redução a acetaideido. Ethanol <CH 3 CH 2 OH), also called ethyl alcohol and, in ordinary language, simply alcohol, is an Organic substance obtained from the fermentation of sugars, hydration of ethylene or reduction to acetoide.

No Brasil, o etanol é muito utilizado como combustível de motores de explosão, constituindo assim um mercado em ascensão para um combustível obtido de maneira renovável e o estabelecimento de uma indústria de química de base, sustentada na utilização de biomassa de origem agrícola e renovável.  In Brazil, ethanol is widely used as a fuel for explosion engines, thus constituting a growing market for renewable fuel and the establishment of a basic chemical industry, sustained by the use of biomass of agricultural and renewable origin.

O processo de produção de etanol divide-se em três grandes etapas: a) preparo da matéria-príma, com o pré-cozimento até a gelatinização, hidrólise/sacarificação com a adição de α-amilase e glucoamilase (sacar ificante); fermentação e destilação.  The ethanol production process is divided into three major stages: a) preparation of the raw material, pre-cooking to gelatinization, hydrolysis / saccharification with the addition of α-amylase and glucoamylase (saccharifying); fermentation and distillation.

A hidrólise enzimática e a fermentação podem ocorrer em separado ou simultaneamente. No caso de ocorrer em separado, a vantagem é a possibilidade de otimização das temperaturas da hidrólise enzimática e da fermentação, onde na hidrólise enzimática a celulose é quebrada em celobiose, e esta é, subsequentemente, convertida em duas moléculas de glicose pela β-giucosidase. Entretanto, a atividade da endogiucanase é inibida pela celobiose e a da β-glucosidase pela glicose. Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation may occur separately or simultaneously. If it occurs separately, the advantage is the possibility of optimizing the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation temperatures, where in enzymatic hydrolysis the cellulose is broken down into cellobiose, which is subsequently converted into two glucose molecules by β-giucosidase. . However, endogiucanase activity is inhibited by cellobiose and β-glucosidase activity by glucose.

A sacarificação e fermentação simultâneas é uma forma de evitar a inibição enzimática, uma vez que à medida que a glicose está sendo formada, também está sendo consumida para a produção de etanol, levando a uma maior conversão de celulose. Neste processo, é requerida uma condição intermediária de temperatura para as enzimas e para a levedura adicionada, uma vez que a temperatura ótima para a sacarificação é cerca de 55eC e 30SC para a fermentação. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation is a way to prevent enzymatic inhibition, as as glucose is being formed it is also being consumed for ethanol production, leading to greater cellulose conversion. In this process, an intermediate temperature condition is required for the enzymes and the yeast added once the optimum temperature for saccharification is about 55 to 30 C and S C for fermentation.

No entanto, em ambos os processos de fermentação e de sacarificação de forma simultânea utilizando enzimas hidroítsadoras de amido e leveduras, são requeridas condições de temperatura e de agitação específicas e de acordo com a biomassa utilizada, em um complexo processo que engloba diversas operações, entre as quais a hidrólise da celulose.  However, in both fermentation and saccharification processes simultaneously using starch and yeast hydro-enzymes enzymes, specific temperature and agitation conditions and according to the biomass used are required in a complex process encompassing several operations, including which the cellulose hydrolysis.

Dessa forma, é objeto da presente invenção um processo enzimático a frio para produção de etanol que utiliza enzima hidrolisadora de amido para fermentação e sacarificação a frio de forma simultânea, com condições específicas de temperatura, agitação e pH.  Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production that uses starch hydrolyzing enzyme for simultaneous fermentation and cold saccharification, with specific temperature, stirring and pH conditions.

SUMÁRIO SUMMARY

A invenção provê um processo enzimático a frio para produção de etanol com hidrofísacão do amido granular sem a necessidade dós convencionais processos de gelatinizaçâo e liquefação. The invention provides a cold enzymatic process for production of ethanol with hydrophysication of granular starch without the need for conventional gelatinization and liquefaction processes.

A invenção provê um processo enzimático a frio para produção de etanol que elimina a necessidade de ativadores como cálcio e soda cáustica para ampliar a atividade enzimática.  The invention provides a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production that eliminates the need for activators such as calcium and caustic soda to enhance enzymatic activity.

A invenção provê um processo enzimático a frio para produção de etanol que provê maior produção de etanol por quilo de biomassa.  The invention provides a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production that provides higher ethanol production per kilogram of biomass.

A invenção provê um processo enzimático a frio para produção de etanol que reduz a necessidade de energia para o aquecimento das dornas.  The invention provides a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production that reduces the energy requirement for heating the wheels.

A invenção provê um processo enzimático a frio para produção de etanol que elimina as perdas de vitaminas e aminoácidos essenciais no processo de fermentação e sacarificação simultâneo a frio.  The invention provides a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production that eliminates the essential vitamin and amino acid losses in the simultaneous cold fermentation and saccharification process.

A invenção provê um processo enzimático a frio para produção de etanol que provê menor produção de glicerina quando comparado com os processos a quente, com redução de cerca de 20%.  The invention provides a cold enzymatic process for ethanol production that provides lower glycerine production when compared to hot processes, with a reduction of about 20%.

BREVE DE9CRIÇÃO DAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

A figura 1 apresenta o gráfico comparando o pH do amido e o pH do etanol armazenado em dornas  Figure 1 presents the graph comparing the pH of starch and the pH of ethanol stored in dornas

DESCRIÇÃO DETALHADA DA INVENÇÃO DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

O processo enzimático a frio para produção de etanol, objeto da presente invenção, compreende em uma primeira etapa a desintegração da matéría-prima, selecionada dentre grãos, raízes ou tubérculos.  The cold enzymatic process for ethanol production, object of the present invention, comprises in a first step the disintegration of the raw material, selected from grains, roots or tubers.

A desintegração é preferentemente realizada com peneira de 0.8mm de granulometria, seguida da hidratação da matéría-prima na proporção de 04 litros por quilo no caso de grãos e de i litro por quilo no caso de raízes e tubérculos. No caso de raízes e tubérculos, previamente à etapa de desintegração é realizada a lavagem e o descascamento da matéria prima, seguida de cominuição. The disintegration is preferably carried out with a 0.8mm sieve, followed by hydration of the raw material at a rate of 04 liters per kilogram for grains and 1 liter per kilogram for roots and tubers. In the case of roots and tubers, prior to the disintegration step, the raw material is washed and peeled, followed by comminution.

Em uma segunda etapa, a matéria-prima desintegrada e hidratada é armazenada em dornas para a adição de enzima htdrolisadora entre 0,02 e 0,08% em peso de biomassa e de leveduras entre 0,095% a 0,0105 para a quebra das moléculas de sacarose.  In a second step, the disintegrated and hydrated raw material is stored in drums for the addition of 0.02 to 0.08 wt% biomass and yeast between 0.095 and 0.0105 for the breakdown of molecules. of sucrose.

O pH da biomassa estocada nas dornas deve estar entre 3.8 e 4,5, conforme apresentado na figura 1, e a temperatura entre 31°C e 33ºC, com agitação constante para manter os sólidos em suspensão por até 75 horas.  The stored biomass pH in the drums should be between 3.8 and 4.5, as shown in figure 1, and the temperature between 31 ° C and 33 ° C, with constant stirring to keep the solids in suspension for up to 75 hours.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES: CLAIMS: 1. PROCESSO ENZIMÁTICO A FRIO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL caracterizado por compreender as etapas de:  1. COLD ENZYMATIC PROCESS FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION characterized by comprising the steps of: a) desintegração da matéria-prima, seiecionada dentre grãos, raízes ou tubérculos;  a) disintegration of the raw material, selected from grains, roots or tubers; b) hidratação da matéria-prima  b) hydration of the raw material c) adição de enzima hidrolisadora entre 0,02 e 0,08% em peso de bipmassa;  c) adding hydrolyzing enzyme between 0.02 and 0.08% by weight of bipmass; d) adição de leveduras entre 0,095% a 0,0105;  d) adding yeast from 0.095% to 0.0105; e) oontrole do pH da biomassa entre 3.8 e 4,5;  e) biomass pH control between 3.8 and 4.5; f) controle da temperatura da biomassa entre 31 ºC e 33ºC g) agitação constante por até 75 horas.  f) biomass temperature control between 31ºC and 33ºC g) constant agitation for up to 75 hours. 2. PROCESSO ENZIMÁTICO A FRIO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado peio fato de previamente à etapa de desintegração das raízes e tubérculos ser realizada a lavagem e o descascamento da matéria prima, seguida da cominuição.  COLD ENZYMATIC PROCESS FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION according to Claim 1, characterized in that prior to the disintegration of the roots and tubers, the raw material is washed and peeled, followed by comminution.
PCT/BR2012/000433 2011-11-07 2012-11-06 Non-heated enzymatic process for the production of ethanol Ceased WO2013067611A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRPI1106666-0 2011-11-07
BRPI1106666A BRPI1106666A2 (en) 2011-11-07 2011-11-07 cold enzymatic process for ethanol production

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WO2013067611A1 true WO2013067611A1 (en) 2013-05-16

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070281344A1 (en) * 2006-06-06 2007-12-06 Lantero Oreste J Process for conversion of granular starch to ethanol
WO2008021050A1 (en) * 2006-08-11 2008-02-21 Danisco Us, Inc., Genencor Division Native grain amylases in enzyme combinations for granular starch hydrolysis
WO2009114403A1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-17 Danisco Us Inc., Genencor Division Use of rhizopus amylases in granular starch hydrolysis

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070281344A1 (en) * 2006-06-06 2007-12-06 Lantero Oreste J Process for conversion of granular starch to ethanol
WO2008021050A1 (en) * 2006-08-11 2008-02-21 Danisco Us, Inc., Genencor Division Native grain amylases in enzyme combinations for granular starch hydrolysis
WO2009114403A1 (en) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-17 Danisco Us Inc., Genencor Division Use of rhizopus amylases in granular starch hydrolysis

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CARDONA, C.A. ET AL.: "Production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse: Status and perspectives", BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 101, 2010, pages 4754 - 4766, XP026986209 *
ROBERTSON, G.H ET AL.: "Native or raw starch digestion: A key step in energy efficient biorefining of grain", JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, vol. 54, 2006, pages 353 - 365, XP002525742 *
SANCHEZ, O.J. ET AL.: "Trends in biotechnological production of fuel ethanol from different foodstocks", BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 99, 2008, pages 5270 - 5295, XP022647362 *
SANTOS, J.R.A. ET AL.: "Seleção de linhagem industrial de Saccharomyces cerevisiae com potencial desempenho para a produção de etanol em condições adversas de temperatura e agitação.", REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PRODUTOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS, vol. 12, no. 1, 2010, pages 75 - 80 *

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UY34438A (en) 2013-06-28
BRPI1106666A2 (en) 2016-01-19

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