WO2012018116A1 - サファイア基板と半導体発光素子 - Google Patents
サファイア基板と半導体発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012018116A1 WO2012018116A1 PCT/JP2011/067956 JP2011067956W WO2012018116A1 WO 2012018116 A1 WO2012018116 A1 WO 2012018116A1 JP 2011067956 W JP2011067956 W JP 2011067956W WO 2012018116 A1 WO2012018116 A1 WO 2012018116A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/819—Bodies characterised by their shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrates
- H10H20/82—Roughened surfaces, e.g. at the interface between epitaxial layers
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/0242—Crystalline insulating materials
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- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02458—Nitrides
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- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
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- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10H20/011—Manufacture or treatment of bodies, e.g. forming semiconductor layers
- H10H20/013—Manufacture or treatment of bodies, e.g. forming semiconductor layers having light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials
- H10H20/0133—Manufacture or treatment of bodies, e.g. forming semiconductor layers having light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials with a substrate not being Group III-V materials
- H10H20/01335—Manufacture or treatment of bodies, e.g. forming semiconductor layers having light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials with a substrate not being Group III-V materials the light-emitting regions comprising nitride materials
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- H10H20/80—Constructional details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/822—Materials of the light-emitting regions
- H10H20/824—Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP
- H10H20/825—Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP containing nitrogen, e.g. GaN
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sapphire substrate for a nitride semiconductor light emitting device and a semiconductor light emitting device.
- a light emitting diode (LED) made of a nitride semiconductor is usually configured by sequentially stacking an n-type semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a p-type semiconductor layer on a sapphire substrate.
- the emitted light is extracted from the side opposite to the sapphire substrate or the sapphire substrate side, but the light emitted from the active layer is also emitted in the direction opposite to the emission side. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the external quantum efficiency by effectively extracting light emitted in the direction opposite to the emission side from the emission side.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a plurality of triangular pyramid-shaped convex portions are arranged on a sapphire substrate to improve external quantum efficiency.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-228561 describes that the generation of voids and deterioration of crystallinity can be suppressed by growing crystals on the surface on which the convex portions are formed by the triangular frustum-shaped convex portions.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a sapphire substrate for a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device that can constitute a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device having excellent light extraction efficiency.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor light emitting device having excellent light extraction efficiency.
- a sapphire substrate according to the present invention has a plurality of convex portions on one main surface, and a nitride semiconductor is grown on one main surface to form a nitride semiconductor light emitting device.
- the sapphire substrate is characterized in that each of the convex portions has at least one depression on the outer periphery of the bottom surface. This dent means not a dent in the direction perpendicular to the sapphire substrate but a dent in the horizontal direction.
- each of the convex portions has a substantially polygonal pyramid shape or a substantially polygonal frustum shape whose bottom surface is a substantially polygonal shape, and each side of the bottom surface has a depression at the center. .
- the semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention is characterized in that a nitride semiconductor layer light emitting device is formed by growing a nitride semiconductor on one main surface of the sapphire substrate according to the present invention.
- the sapphire substrate according to the present invention configured as described above has a plurality of convex portions on one main surface, and a nitride semiconductor is grown on one main surface to form a nitride semiconductor light emitting device. Since each of the convex portions has at least one depression on the outer periphery of the bottom surface, the light emitted parallel to the sapphire substrate and on the substrate surface is irradiated on the convex portion, It is possible to provide a sapphire substrate for a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device that can constitute a nitride semiconductor light-emitting device having excellent extraction efficiency.
- the sapphire substrate when the plurality of convex portions draw a straight line in an arbitrary direction at an arbitrary position on a plane including the bottom surfaces of the plurality of convex portions, the straight line passes through at least one of the convex portions.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is configured on the one main surface, the light propagating in parallel and close to the one main surface is propagated in any direction. Even so, it is reflected by at least one convex portion. Therefore, according to the sapphire substrate according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a sapphire substrate for a nitride semiconductor light emitting device capable of constituting a nitride semiconductor light emitting device excellent in light extraction efficiency.
- each of the convex portions has a substantially polygonal pyramid shape or a substantially polygonal frustum shape whose bottom surface is substantially polygonal, and each side of the bottom surface has a depression at the center. Therefore, when a straight line is drawn in an arbitrary direction at an arbitrary position on a plane including the bottom surfaces of the plurality of convex portions, it is possible to easily realize the convex portion arrangement such that the straight line passes through at least one of the convex portions.
- the semiconductor light emitting device since the nitride semiconductor layer light emitting device is formed by growing a nitride semiconductor on one main surface of the sapphire substrate according to the present invention, the light extraction efficiency is increased. It is possible to provide a semiconductor light emitting device excellent in the above.
- (A) is a top view which shows the orientation flat (A surface) and crystal axis (a axis) of a sapphire wafer
- (b) is a top view which shows the direction of a convex part. It is a top view which shows the structure and arrangement
- FIG. It is a top view of the mask used when forming the convex part of Embodiment 10 which concerns on this invention on a sapphire substrate.
- FIG. 4D is a schematic diagram showing the dependency of the growth rate of a nitride semiconductor on the crystal direction of sapphire. It is a top view which shows the structure and arrangement
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device has a base layer 21, a first conductivity type layer (n-type layer) 22, and an active layer (light emitting layer) on a sapphire substrate 10. 23 and a semiconductor laminated structure 20 in which a second conductivity type layer (p-type layer) 24 is sequentially laminated, and the surface of the substrate 10 on which the base layer 21 is grown has a cone shape or a trapezoidal cone shape, respectively.
- a plurality of convex portions (dimples) 1 are provided.
- the light propagating through the plurality of convex portions 1 in parallel to the substrate surface located between the adjacent convex portions 1 and in proximity to the substrate surface is propagated in any direction. Even if it is a case, it arrange
- FIG. the nitride semiconductor light emitting device of the present embodiment can efficiently reflect the light emitted from the light emitting layer 23 in the emission direction without emitting the light from the side surface by the plurality of convex portions 1. The extraction efficiency can be increased.
- positioning of the convex part 1 in the sapphire substrate of embodiment which concerns on this invention is demonstrated.
- the convex portion 1 has a substantially n-pyramidal shape or a substantially n-pyramidal frustum shape having a top surface 1b that is substantially parallel to the bottom surface and substantially similar to the bottom surface, and each has an arc-shaped n shape whose bottom surface bulges outward
- Any substantially n-gonal shape having one side may be used, but in the following description of the first to sixth embodiments, a typical example of the convex portion 1 having a substantially triangular pyramid shape or a substantially triangular frustum shape is shown.
- the planar shape (bottom surface shape) of the convex portion 1 is schematically shown by a regular triangle.
- each side of the bottom surface is usually an arc shape that bulges outward, and the inclined side surface of the convex portion 1 becomes a surface that bulges outward.
- FIG. 1 In the top view of FIG. 2, the arrangement
- a plurality of convex portions 1 each having a substantially triangular pyramid shape are arranged so that the center of gravity of the bottom surface coincides with the lattice points of a triangular lattice having a regular triangular lattice shape.
- positions at the lattice point of a triangular lattice so that all the convex parts 1 may face the same direction.
- the direction of the convex part 1 means a direction in which a line that bisects the angle of the vertex of the bottom surface goes from the inside of the convex part 1 to the outside, and when two or more convex parts 1 face the same direction Means that all corresponding directions between the convex portions 1 are directed in the same direction. In other words, it means that they are arranged in a state where they can be superimposed on the bottom surfaces of all the other convex portions 1 by translating them without rotating the bottom surface.
- the plurality of convex portions 1 of the first embodiment arranged in this way are arranged such that a plurality of rows are formed, and the convex portions arranged in the same row no matter which direction the row is viewed.
- the portion 1 has a bisecting straight line that bisects the angle of one vertex thereof on a straight line, and the convex direction defined by the direction in which the bisecting straight line goes from the inside of the convex portion 1 to the outside is the same. They are arranged so that
- the straight line when a straight line is drawn in an arbitrary direction at an arbitrary position on a plane including the bottom surface of the convex portion 1, the straight line always passes through any one of the convex portions 1.
- the size of the convex portion 1 is set.
- a semiconductor multilayer structure 20 is formed in which a base layer 21, a first conductivity type layer (n-type layer) 22, an active layer (light emitting layer) 23, and a second conductivity type layer (p-type layer) 24 are sequentially laminated.
- n-type layer first conductivity type layer
- p-type layer second conductivity type layer
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device configured using the sapphire substrate of the first embodiment can be efficiently reflected in the emission direction without being emitted from the side surface due to the plurality of the convex portions 1 arranged as described above.
- the light extraction efficiency can be increased.
- the convex portions 1 are arranged relatively densely by the above arrangement, and one main surface of the sapphire substrate of the plurality of convex portions 1 provided on one main surface. Since the ratio to the whole becomes large, it becomes possible to grow a nitride semiconductor with low dislocation, and the luminous efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device can be increased.
- FIG. 3 In the top view of FIG. 3, the arrangement
- the array of FIG. 3 is composed of a plurality of rows each constituted by a plurality of convex portions 1, and the convex portions 1 arranged in the same row are divided into two equal parts that divide the angle of one vertex into two equal parts.
- the straight lines are arranged on a straight line, and the bisected lines are arranged so that the convex directions defined by the direction from the inside of the convex portion 1 to the outside are the same, and the arrangement of the convex portions 1 in the odd rows The direction is opposite to the arrangement direction of the convex portions 1 in even rows.
- each row is opposite between adjacent ones.
- a straight line is drawn at an arbitrary position parallel to the row
- a straight line is drawn at an arbitrary position parallel to the column.
- the size of the bottom surface of each convex portion 1 is set so as to pass through.
- a semiconductor multilayer structure 20 is formed in which a base layer 21, a first conductivity type layer (n-type layer) 22, an active layer (light emitting layer) 23, and a second conductivity type layer (p-type layer) 24 are sequentially laminated.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device When the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is configured, the light emitted from the light emitting layer 23 to the sapphire substrate side is parallel to the substrate surface located between the adjacent convex portions 1 and close to the substrate surface. Thus, the propagating light L1 is reflected by at least one convex portion 1 in any direction. Therefore, the nitride semiconductor light-emitting device configured using the sapphire substrate of Embodiment 2 can be efficiently reflected in the emission direction without being emitted from the side surface by the plurality of convex portions 1, The extraction efficiency can be increased.
- the convex portions 1 are arranged relatively densely by the above arrangement, and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of convex portions 1 provided on one main surface are the entire one main surface of the sapphire substrate. Therefore, the growth of the nitride semiconductor with low dislocation becomes possible, and the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device can be increased.
- FIG. The plan view of FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of the convex portions 1 having a substantially triangular pyramid shape in the sapphire substrate according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the plurality of convex portions 1 has a regular rule in which a group G1 composed of six convex portions 1 arranged such that the center of gravity of the bottom surface thereof coincides with the apex and center of a regular pentagon. Therefore, they are arranged repeatedly.
- the regular pentagon in which the six convex portions 1 are arranged is arranged in a direction (the same direction) that can be superimposed on another regular pentagon by being translated without rotating. Has been.
- the regular pentagonal array is arranged so that the center of each regular pentagon coincides with the apex of the triangular lattice point, and the convex portions 1 do not overlap each other between adjacent groups G1. Furthermore, the size of each convex portion 1 is the size of the bottom surface of each convex portion 1 so that when a straight line is arbitrarily drawn on one main surface, the straight line passes through the inside of one of the convex portions 1. Is set.
- a semiconductor multilayer structure 20 is formed in which a base layer 21, a first conductivity type layer (n-type layer) 22, an active layer (light emitting layer) 23, and a second conductivity type layer (p-type layer) 24 are sequentially laminated.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device When the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is configured, the light emitted from the light emitting layer 23 to the sapphire substrate side is parallel to the substrate surface located between the adjacent convex portions 1 and close to the substrate surface.
- the propagating light L1 is reflected by at least one convex portion 1 in any direction. Therefore, the nitride semiconductor light-emitting element configured using the sapphire substrate of Embodiment 3 can be efficiently reflected in the emission direction without being emitted from the side surface by the plurality of convex portions 1, The extraction efficiency can be increased.
- the convex portions 1 are arranged relatively densely by the above arrangement, and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of convex portions 1 provided on one main surface are the entire one main surface of the sapphire substrate. Therefore, the growth of the nitride semiconductor with low dislocation becomes possible, and the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device can be increased.
- FIG. 5 In the top view of FIG. 5, the arrangement
- the sapphire substrate of the fourth embodiment is similar to the third embodiment in that it has a plurality of groups G1 composed of six convex portions 1 arranged at the apex and center of a regular pentagon.
- the rules for repeatedly arranging the group G1 are different. That is, in the sapphire substrate of the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the plurality of groups G1 arranged in the first row (the uppermost row in the drawing) have the same regular pentagon that determines the arrangement of the convex portions 1. It is juxtaposed so as to face.
- a plurality of groups G1 arranged in the next second row is a group in which regular pentagons that determine the arrangement of the groups G1 are arranged in the first row with respect to the group G1 arranged in the first row. They are juxtaposed so as to be opposite to the regular pentagon that determines the arrangement of G1.
- the center of the regular pentagon that determines the arrangement of the group G1 arranged in the first row and the center of the regular pentagon that decides the arrangement of the group G1 arranged in the second row are positioned at the vertices of the triangular lattice.
- the arrangement positions of the group G1 arranged in the first row and the group G1 arranged in the second row are set. Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
- the arrangement in the third row and the fourth row is set so that the third row and the fourth row are line-symmetric. Thereafter, the arrangement of the convex portions 1 in the sapphire substrate of the fourth embodiment is set by repeating the same arrangement as in the first to fourth rows.
- each convex portion 1 is set so that when a straight line is arbitrarily drawn on one main surface as in the third embodiment, the straight line passes through the inside of the bottom surface of one of the convex portions 1.
- the size of the bottom surface of the convex portion 1 is set.
- the nitride semiconductor light-emitting device configured using the sapphire substrate of Embodiment 4 having the plurality of protrusions 1 in which the size of the protrusions 1 is set and arranged as shown in FIG.
- the light can be efficiently reflected in the emission direction without being emitted from the side surface by the convex portion 1, and the light extraction efficiency can be increased.
- the convex portions 1 are arranged relatively densely by the above arrangement, and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of convex portions 1 provided on one main surface are the entire one main surface of the sapphire substrate. Therefore, the growth of the nitride semiconductor with low dislocation becomes possible, and the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device can be increased.
- each of the plurality of convex portions 1 includes a group G1 composed of six convex portions 1 arranged such that the center of gravity of the bottom surface coincides with the apex and center of a regular pentagon. It is repeatedly arranged according to a rule different from 4.
- the groups G1 arranged in the same column are arranged in the same direction without rotating, but the groups G1 are arranged in opposite directions between adjacent columns. Further, the group G1 arranged in the even number column is arranged slightly below the group G1 arranged in the odd number column.
- each convex portion 1 is such that when a straight line is arbitrarily drawn on a plane including the bottom surface of the convex portion 1, the straight line passes through any one of the convex portions 1.
- the size of the bottom is set.
- a semiconductor multilayer structure 20 is formed in which a base layer 21, a first conductivity type layer (n-type layer) 22, an active layer (light emitting layer) 23, and a second conductivity type layer (p-type layer) 24 are sequentially laminated.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device When the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is configured, the light emitted from the light emitting layer 23 to the sapphire substrate side is parallel to the substrate surface located between the adjacent convex portions 1 and close to the substrate surface.
- the propagating light L1 is reflected by at least one convex portion 1 in any direction. Therefore, the nitride semiconductor light-emitting element configured using the sapphire substrate of Embodiment 5 can be efficiently reflected in the emission direction without being emitted from the side surface by the plurality of convex portions 1, The extraction efficiency can be increased.
- the bottom surface of the plurality of convex portions 1 provided on one main surface occupies a large area with respect to the entire one main surface of the sapphire substrate.
- the growth of the nitride semiconductor becomes possible, and the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device can be increased.
- FIG. 7 In the top view of FIG. 7, the arrangement
- the plurality of convex portions 1 are each composed of eight convex portions 1 arranged at the apexes of a regular octagon and convex portions 2 arranged at the center of the regular octagon.
- the group G10 is repeatedly arranged according to a certain rule.
- groups G10 are repeatedly arranged in two directions of orthogonal rows and columns, and two groups G10 are adjacent between two groups G10 adjacent in the same row and two groups G10 adjacent in the same column.
- the convex part 1 is shared.
- size of the convex part 2 are the inside of any convex part 1 or the convex part 2 when the straight line is drawn arbitrarily on the plane containing the bottom face of the convex part 1. Is set to pass through.
- the plurality of projections 1 are formed.
- a semiconductor laminate in which a base layer 21, a first conductivity type layer (n-type layer) 22, an active layer (light emitting layer) 23, and a second conductivity type layer (p-type layer) 24 are sequentially laminated.
- the structure 20 is configured to form the nitride semiconductor light emitting device, the light emitted from the light emitting layer 23 to the sapphire substrate side is parallel to the substrate surface located between the adjacent convex portions 1.
- the light L1 propagating close to the substrate surface is reflected by at least one convex portion 1 in any direction. Therefore, the nitride semiconductor light-emitting element configured using the sapphire substrate of Embodiment 6 can be efficiently reflected in the emission direction without being emitted from the side surface by the plurality of convex portions 1 and the convex portions 2. Thus, the light extraction efficiency can be increased.
- the bottom surface of the plurality of convex portions 1 provided on one main surface occupies a large area with respect to the entire one main surface of the sapphire substrate.
- the growth of the nitride semiconductor becomes possible, and the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device can be increased.
- FIG. 9 In the top view of FIG. 9, the shape and arrangement
- the convex portion 1 of Embodiment 7 has a deformed triangular frustum shape whose bottom surface and top surface are deformed as follows, thereby being parallel to the substrate surface and close to the substrate surface.
- the propagating light L1 propagates in any direction, the arrangement of the plurality of convex portions 1 that can be effectively reflected by the convex portion 1 can be easily realized, and the light extraction efficiency is improved. It becomes possible to make it.
- the bottom surface of the convex portion 1 according to the seventh embodiment has a substantially triangular shape in which each side 11, 12, 13 has a depression at the center.
- the side 11 is composed of two curves 11a and 11b that swell outward, and a recess is formed at the connecting portion.
- the side 12 is composed of two curves 12a and 12b that bulge outward, and a recess is formed in the connecting portion
- the side 13 is composed of two curves 13a and 13b that bulge outward, and the connecting portion.
- a depression is formed on the surface.
- the top surface of the convex portion 1 of the seventh embodiment is also a substantially triangular shape that is substantially similar to the bottom surface having a depression at the center of each side. And in the convex part 1 of Embodiment 7, on the inclined side surface between the bottom surface and the top surface, a ridge connecting the top vertex and the bottom vertex respectively, the deepest portion of the bottom recess and the deepest portion of the top recess Valleys are formed to connect the two.
- the convex portion 1 configured as described above is provided between adjacent convex portions, and one convex portion 1 has one vertex of the bottom surface between two vertices of the bottom surface of the other convex portion 1 and the gap therebetween. It arrange
- each convex part 1 is a line symmetrical shape with respect to the straight line which connects a hollow and the vertex with respect to the edge
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device is configured by using the sapphire substrate of the seventh embodiment in which the shape and arrangement of the protrusions 1 are set as described above, light that propagates in parallel to the substrate surface and close to the substrate surface. Even if L1 propagates in any direction, it can be reflected by the convex portion 1. Therefore, the nitride semiconductor light-emitting element configured using the sapphire substrate of the seventh embodiment can be efficiently reflected in the emission direction without being emitted from the side surface by the plurality of convex portions 1, The extraction efficiency can be increased.
- the bottom surface of the plurality of convex portions 1 provided on one main surface occupies a large area with respect to the entire one main surface of the sapphire substrate.
- the growth of the nitride semiconductor becomes possible, and the light emission efficiency of the nitride semiconductor light emitting device can be increased.
- the height of the convex portion 1 can be reduced as compared with the convex portion having a triangular pyramid shape, on one main surface on which the plurality of convex portions 1 are formed.
- the source gas can be supplied almost uniformly to the growth surface of the nitride semiconductor layer (the surface of the sapphire substrate located between the protrusions 1).
- it is possible to uniformly grow the nitride semiconductor layer from the growth surface in the lateral direction so as to cover the convex portion 1, and the height of the convex portion 1 can be lowered. can get.
- the petal-shaped convex part 1 in the seventh embodiment is formed by setting the crystal form of the substrate, the surface orientation of the substrate surface on which the convex part 1 is formed, the mask shape and dimensions, and the etching conditions according to the target shape. be able to.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the mask M1 when the convex portion 1 shown in FIG. 9 is formed on the C surface of the sapphire substrate.
- the mask M1 in this example is composed of three leg portions having the same length and the same width extending in three directions different from each other by 120 degrees (tripod shape).
- the shape of the upper surface of the convex portion 1 is affected by the direction dependency of the etching rate due to the crystal form as etching proceeds, and the tripod shape of the mask M1 is deformed depending on the etching characteristics. Thereby, it becomes a substantially triangular shape which has a hollow in the center part of each edge
- the bottom surface of the convex portion 1 is also substantially triangular with a tripod shape of the mask M1 that is deformed depending on the etching characteristics and having a depression at the center of each side and a top surface having a sharp apex. It becomes.
- the inclined side surface between the bottom surface and the top surface has a ridge 1r connecting the top surface vertex and the bottom surface vertex respectively, the deepest part of the bottom surface recess and the top surface Valleys 12c are formed respectively connecting the deepest portions of the depressions.
- a ridge 1r protruding outward from the leg tip and inclined surfaces having different inclination directions are formed on both ends of the ridge 1r at the tip part (leg tip) of the mask M1.
- a plurality of masks M1 are formed so that the leg tips of one leg of the other mask M1 are close to or coincide with a straight line connecting the corners of the two leg tips of one mask M1 between adjacent masks M1.
- the plurality of convex portions 1 are located within the region between the adjacent convex portions 1 where the vertex of one convex portion 1 connects the two vertexes of the other convex portion 1 and the deepest point of the depression therebetween. It is formed so as to do (enter).
- the direction of the convex part 1 can be set to a desired direction by changing the off angle from the C surface of the sapphire substrate surface on which the convex part 1 is formed.
- the convex portion having a substantially polygonal pyramid shape (particularly substantially triangular pyramid shape) whose bottom surface is substantially polygonal (particularly substantially triangular) has been described, but the present invention is limited to this.
- it may be a “ ⁇ ” shaped bottom-shaped convex portion 31 bent at the center, or a cross-shaped convex portion 32 as shown in FIG. 11. It may be.
- the convex portion 31 having a “ ⁇ ” shape in the bottom surface of FIG. 10 the convex portion 31 forms a plurality of convex portions 31 because at least one side of the bottom surface has a depression in the central portion.
- the straight line when a straight line is drawn at an arbitrary position in an arbitrary direction, the straight line can be disposed so as to pass through at least one of the convex portions 31. Further, even if each side of the bottom surface is a cross-shaped convex portion 32 (FIG. 11) having a depression at the center, a plurality of convex portions 32 are formed on the sapphire substrate on which the convex portions 32 are formed. On the surface, when a straight line is drawn at an arbitrary position in an arbitrary direction, the straight line can be disposed so as to pass through at least one of the convex portions 32.
- Embodiment 8 FIG. In the top view of FIG. 12, the shape and arrangement
- the convex part 40 of this Embodiment 8 is formed in the direction which rotated the convex part 1 of Embodiment 7 180 degree
- the direction of the convex portion is defined with reference to the orientation flat (A surface) 100 of the sapphire substrate, as shown in FIG.
- the direction of the convex portion (on the substantially triangular bottom surface, the three directions from the substantially triangular center to the apex) is the a-axis.
- the direction of the convex portion is directed in the opposite direction.
- the above three directions in the convex portion 1 of the seventh embodiment coincide with those obtained by rotating the a axis (a1 axis, a2 axis, and a3 axis) shown in FIG. 15 by 30 degrees counterclockwise (counterclockwise).
- the above three directions in the convex portion 40 of Embodiment 8 coincide with those obtained by rotating the a-axis (a1, a2 and a3 axes) shown in FIG. 15 by 30 degrees clockwise (clockwise). To do.
- the convex part 40 of the eighth embodiment in which such a convex part 1 is rotated 180 degrees is formed on the C surface of the sapphire substrate by forming a mask M45 extending in three directions coinciding with the three directions shown in FIG. It can be formed by etching.
- the surface etched in the direction parallel to the a-axis has an obtuse angle with respect to the c-plane, and conversely the surface etched in the vertical direction has an acute angle with respect to the c-plane. Therefore, the shape of the convex portion 40 formed by etching is different from that of the convex portion 1 as described later.
- the convex portion 40 of the eighth embodiment formed as described above has the bottom surface of a substantially triangular shape, and the convex portion 1 of the seventh embodiment in that each side of the bottom surface has a depression at the center.
- the ratio of the inclined side surface 40a to the entire surface area of the convex portion 40 is large, and the ratio of the upper surface 40b is relatively It is getting smaller.
- the outer peripheral shape of the protruding portion of one convex portion 40 is the same shape as the recessed side of the other convex portion 40.
- the sapphire substrate C surface is formed to have substantially the same width between the protruding portion of one convex portion 40 and the recessed side of the other convex portion 40.
- the sapphire substrate C surface between the three convex portions 1 extends in a substantially triangular shape
- the sapphire substrate C located between the three convex portions 40 is formed to be substantially the same width and narrowed.
- the convex part 40 of Embodiment 8 can make the area of the bottom face of the convex part 40 larger than the area of the bottom face of the convex part 1 of Embodiment 7, As a result, the sapphire substrate C surface between the convex parts 40 can be obtained. The area can be reduced.
- the ratio of the nitride semiconductor grown in the lateral direction can be increased, and the dislocation of the grown nitride semiconductor is reduced. be able to.
- each side of the bottom surface of the convex portion 40 has a depression in the center, and a straight line is drawn in an arbitrary direction at an arbitrary position on the surface of the sapphire substrate.
- the ratio of the nitride semiconductor grown in the lateral direction can be increased, and the dislocation of the grown nitride semiconductor can be reduced. be able to.
- the above three directions in the convex portion 40 are made to coincide with those obtained by rotating the a-axis (a1-axis, a2-axis and a3-axis) 30 degrees clockwise (clockwise). It was.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and, for example, by setting the above three directions in the convex portion 40 within a range of ⁇ 10 degrees in the direction in which the a axis is rotated 30 degrees clockwise. The same effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 14 In the top view of FIG. 14, the shape and arrangement
- the convex part 50 in the sapphire substrate of the ninth embodiment is formed in a direction obtained by rotating the convex part 1 of the seventh embodiment by 180 degrees, like the convex part 40 of the eighth embodiment, but the upper surface 50b of the convex part 50. Is different from the upper surface 40b of the convex portion 40 of the eighth embodiment.
- the upper surface 50b of the ninth embodiment is recessed at the center of the convex portion 50, and the upper surface 50b is a surface inclined from the sapphire C surface.
- the sapphire substrate of the ninth embodiment having a plurality of convex portions 50 formed in this manner on one main surface increases the proportion of the inclined side surface 50a of the convex portion 50 in the same manner as the sapphire substrate of the eighth embodiment.
- the area of the sapphire substrate C surface can be reduced, and the growth of the nitride semiconductor on the upper surface 50b of the convex portion 50 that is a surface inclined from the sapphire C surface can also be suppressed.
- the sapphire substrate of Embodiment 9 can further reduce the area of the C plane occupying the whole of one main surface, it is possible to grow a nitride semiconductor with fewer threading dislocations in addition to the following.
- the nitride semiconductor grows on the upper surface of the convex portion, the height of the convex portion increases, and the supply of the source gas that is normally supplied obliquely is blocked by the convex portion, and a void is formed at the base of the convex portion. Is likely to occur.
- the upper surface 50b of the convex portion 50 is a surface that is not a sapphire C surface as in the present application, the growth of the nitride semiconductor on the upper surface 50b is suppressed, and voids are formed Can be suppressed.
- the source gas reaches the concave portion on the bottom surface of the convex portion, and more effectively voids (voids). Can be suppressed.
- the convex portion 50 having the upper surface 50b made of a surface that is not the sapphire C surface can be produced by appropriately adjusting the mask shape. Further, in order to make the upper surface 50b a surface other than the sapphire C surface without increasing the area of the sapphire substrate C surface between the convex portions 50, the mask interval may be adjusted as appropriate.
- FIG. 16A shows the shape and arrangement of the protrusions 60 in the sapphire substrate of Embodiment 10 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16B shows an enlarged view of the convex portion 60 of FIG. 16A.
- the convex portion 60 has an inclined side surface 60a and an upper surface 60b.
- the convex portion 60 is formed in a direction in which the convex portion 1 of the seventh embodiment is rotated 30 degrees clockwise. That is, as shown in FIGS.
- the convex portion 60 of the tenth embodiment has three directions from the center to the apex on the substantially triangular bottom surface of the convex portion 60 that coincide with the a-axis. It is formed as follows. In the sapphire substrate of the tenth embodiment, the plurality of convex portions 60 are arranged in a direction that coincides with the a-axis.
- the convex portion 60 is formed by etching a mask M65 formed so that the three directions from the center toward the tip coincide with the a-axis on the sapphire substrate C in the direction coincident with the a-axis. be able to.
- a direction that is easy to etch and a direction that is difficult to etch are formed (etching anisotropy appears).
- FIGS. 16A and 16B a On one side of the shaft, the width A of the inclined side surface is larger than the width B of the other inclined side surface, and the area of the inclined side surface 60a is increased. As a result, the area of the sapphire substrate C surface formed between the protrusions 60 can be reduced, and threading dislocations when growing a nitride semiconductor can be reduced.
- the protrusions 60 are formed so that the extending portions extending in the three directions from the center toward the tip are formed so as to coincide with the a axis. Lateral growth covering the convex portion 60 of the nitride semiconductor is accelerated, flattening of the grown nitride semiconductor is promoted, and a flatter nitride semiconductor layer can be formed.
- the nitride semiconductor grown on the sapphire C surface grows slowly in the a-axis direction and grows faster in the direction rotated 30 degrees from the a-axis.
- the growth of the nitride semiconductor in the direction orthogonal to the a-axis is accelerated. Therefore, the extending portion extending in the direction coinciding with the a-axis of the convex portion 60 is quickly covered with the nitride semiconductor grown from both sides (FIG. 18C).
- the above three directions in the convex portion 60 are made to coincide with the a-axis.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and, for example, by setting the three directions in the convex portion 60 within a range of ⁇ 10 degrees with respect to the a-axis, the same effects as those of the tenth embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 19 In the top view of FIG. 19, the shape and arrangement
- the convex portion 70 in the sapphire substrate of the eleventh embodiment is composed of a sub convex portion 70s1, a sub convex portion 70s2, and a sub convex portion 70s3 in which the petal-shaped convex portion 1 in the seventh embodiment is separated at the central portion.
- a triangular portion where light can go straight between the sub convex portions 70s1, 70s2, and 70s3 is formed on one main surface of the sapphire substrate of the eleventh embodiment.
- the three sub-projections 70s1, 70s2, and 70s3 are close to each other. Therefore, even if it is the structure of the convex part 70 in Embodiment 11, similarly to the petal-shaped convex part 1 in Embodiment 7, on the sapphire substrate surface in which the convex part 70 was formed, it is a straight line in an arbitrary direction at an arbitrary position.
- the convex portion 70 can be arranged so that the straight line passes through at least any one of the convex portions 70 when.
- the convex portions 70 separated at the central portion are formed in a predetermined arrangement with masks 70 made of masks M70a1, M70a2, and M70a3 separated at the central portion, and the sapphire substrate is etched. Can be formed. As shown in FIG. 20, the shape of the portion to be separated can be adjusted by the shape of the tip portions of the masks M70a1, M70a2, and M70a3 facing each other.
- the convex portion 70 separated into the sub convex portions 70s1, 70s2, and 70s3 is formed on one main surface.
- a nitride semiconductor is grown on the sapphire C surface on which the convex portions 70 are formed, the supply of the source gas is not hindered at the central portion of the convex portions 70 and the generation of voids can be prevented. it can.
- FIG. 12 In the top view of FIG. 21, the shape and arrangement
- the convex portion 80 in the sapphire substrate of the twelfth embodiment includes a sub convex portion 80s1, a sub convex portion 80s2, and a sub convex portion 80s3 in which the petal-shaped convex portion 40 in the eighth embodiment is separated at the central portion.
- a gap through which light can go straight is formed between the sub convex parts 80s1, 80s2, and 80s3 on one main surface of the sapphire substrate of the twelfth embodiment.
- the three sub-projections 80s1, 80s2, and 80s3 are close to each other. Therefore, even if it is the structure of the convex part 80 in Embodiment 12, similarly to the petal-shaped convex part 40 in Embodiment 8, in the surface of the sapphire substrate on which the convex part 40 is formed, a straight line in an arbitrary direction at an arbitrary position.
- the convex portion 80 can be arranged so that the straight line passes through at least one of the convex portions 80 when.
- the protrusions 80 separated at the central portion are formed by forming a mask 80 made of masks M80a1, M80a2, and M80a3 separated at the central portion in a predetermined arrangement as shown in FIG. 22, and etching the sapphire substrate. Can be formed.
- the reason why the shape of the part to be separated is different from that of the eleventh embodiment shown in FIG. 19 is that the convex portion 80 of the twelfth embodiment is formed in a direction in which the convex portion 70 of the eleventh embodiment is rotated 180 degrees. Therefore, this is due to the directional anisotropy of the etching rate of the sapphire substrate.
- the convex portion 80 separated into the sub convex portions 80s1, 80s2, and 80s3 is formed on one main surface. Accordingly, when a nitride semiconductor is grown on the sapphire C surface on which the convex portions 80 are formed, the supply of the source gas is not hindered at the central portion of the convex portions 80, and generation of voids can be prevented. it can.
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明は、光取り出し効率に優れた半導体発光素子を提供することを目的とする。
また、前記凸部はそれぞれ、底面が略多角形である略多角錐形状又は略多角錐台形状であり、かつその底面の各辺はそれぞれ中央部に窪みを有していることを特徴とする。
また、サファイア基板は、前記複数の凸部が、前記複数の凸部の底面を含む平面において任意の位置に任意の方向に直線を引いたとき、その直線が少なくともいずれかの凸部内を通過するように配置されているので、前記一方の主面上に窒化物半導体発光素子を構成したとき、その一方の主面に対して平行にかつ近接して伝搬する光がいずれの方向に伝搬した場合であっても少なくとも1つの凸部によって反射される。
したがって、本発明に係るサファイア基板によれば、光取り出し効率に優れた窒化物半導体発光素子を構成することが可能な窒化物半導体発光素子用のサファイア基板を提供することができる。
ここで特に、本実施形態では、複数の凸部1を、隣接する凸部1間に位置する基板表面に対して平行にかつ基板表面に近接して伝搬する光がどのような方向に伝搬した場合であっても少なくとも1つの凸部1によって反射されるように配置している。
これにより、本実施形態の窒化物半導体発光素子は、発光層23で発光した光を複数の凸部1によって側面から出射させることなく、出射方向に効率よく反射させることが可能になり、光の取り出し効率を高くできる。
以下、本発明に係る実施形態のサファイア基板における凸部1の具体的な配置例について説明する。
また、実施形態1~6において参照する図面では、凸部1の平面形状(底面の形状)を正三角形により模式的に示しているが、サファイア基板をエッチングすることにより略三角錐形状又は略三角錐台形状の凸部1を形成した場合には、その底面の各辺は、通常、外側に膨らんだ円弧形状になり、凸部1の傾斜した側面は外側に膨らんだ面となる。
図2の平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態1のサファイア基板における凸部1の配列を示している。
本実施形態1では、格子形状が正三角形である三角格子の格子点にそれぞれ底面の重心が一致するようにそれぞれ略三角錘形状の複数の凸部1を配置している。また、実施形態1では、全ての凸部1が同一の方向を向くように三角格子の格子点に配置している。本明細書において、凸部1の方向とは、底面の頂点の角度を2等分する線が凸部1内から外に向かう方向をいい、2以上の凸部1が同一の方向を向くとは凸部1間で対応する全ての方向が同一方向を向いていることをいう。言い替えれば、底面を回転することなく、平行移動させることにより、他の全ての凸部1の底面に重ね合わせることができるような状態で配置されていることをいう。
このように配列された実施形態1の複数の凸部1は、複数の行が形成されるように凸部1が配列されており、どの方向の行をみても、同一行内に配列された凸部1は、その1つの頂点の角度を2等分する2等分直線が一直線上に位置しかつその2等分直線が凸部1内部から外部に向かう方向により規定される凸部方向が同一になるようにそれぞれ配列されている。
したがって、本実施形態1のサファイア基板を用いて構成された窒化物半導体発光素子は、上記配列された複数の凸部1があることによって側面から出射させることなく、出射方向に効率よく反射させることが可能になり、光の取り出し効率を高くできる。
図3の平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態2のサファイア基板における凸部1の配列を示している。
この図3の配列は、複数の凸部1によってそれぞれ構成された複数の行からなっており、同一行内に配列された凸部1は、その1つの頂点の角度を2等分する2等分直線が一直線上に位置しかつその2等分直線が凸部1内部から外部に向かう方向により規定される凸部方向が同一になるようにそれぞれ配列されており、奇数行の凸部1の配列方向と偶数行の凸部1の配列方向とは反対になっている。すなわち、各列における凸部1は隣接間で方向が反対になっている。
また、行に平行に任意の位置に直線を引いたとき、列に平行に任意の位置に直線を引いた場合のいずれの場合であっても、それらの直線がいずれかの凸部1の内部を通過するように各凸部1の底面の大きさが設定されている。
したがって、本実施形態2のサファイア基板を用いて構成された窒化物半導体発光素子は、複数の凸部1によって側面から出射させることなく、出射方向に効率よく反射させることが可能になり、光の取り出し効率を高くできる。
図4の平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態3のサファイア基板における略三角錐形状の凸部1の配列を示している。本実施形態3において、複数の凸部1は、それぞれ正五角形の頂点と中心とに、その底面の重心が一致するように配置された6個の凸部1からなるグループG1が一定の規則にしたがって繰り返し配置されている。
本実施形態3において、6個の凸部1が配置された正五角形は、回転することなく、平行移動させることにより、他の正五角形に重ね合わせることができるような向き(同じ向き)に配置されている。
また、正五角形の配列は、各正五角形の中心が三角格子点の頂点と一致するように、かつ隣接するグループG1間で凸部1が離れて重なることがないように配置される。
さらに、各凸部1の大きさは、一方の主面上に任意に直線を引いたとき、その直線がいずれかの凸部1の内部を通過するように各凸部1の底面の大きさが設定されている。
したがって、本実施形態3のサファイア基板を用いて構成された窒化物半導体発光素子は、複数の凸部1によって側面から出射させることなく、出射方向に効率よく反射させることが可能になり、光の取り出し効率を高くできる。
図5の平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態4のサファイア基板における凸部1の配列を示している。本実施形態4のサファイア基板は、実施形態3と同様、正五角形の頂点と中心とに配列された6個の凸部1からなるグループG1を複数有している点は、実施形態3と同様であるが、グループG1を繰り返し配置する際の規則が異なっている。
すなわち、実施形態4のサファイア基板では、図5に示すように、第1行(図面上最も上の行)に配列された複数のグループG1は、凸部1の配置を決定する正五角形が同じ向きなるように並置される。
このとき、第1行に配置されたグループG1の配置を決定する正五角形の中心と第2行に配置されたグループG1の配置を決定する正五角形の中心とが三角格子の頂点に位置するように、第1行に配置されたグループG1と第2行に配置されたグループG1の配置位置が設定される。
さらに、第3行と第4行における配置は、図5に示すように、第3行と第4行とが線対称になるように設定される。以下第1行~第4行と同様の配置を繰り返すことにより実施形態4のサファイア基板における凸部1の配列は設定される。
図6の平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態5のサファイア基板における凸部1の配列を示している。本実施形態5において、複数の凸部1は、それぞれ正五角形の頂点と中心とに、その底面の重心が一致するように配置された6個の凸部1からなるグループG1が実施形態3及び4とは異なる規則にしたがって繰り返し配置されている。
本実施形態5において、同じ列に配列されたグループG1は回転することなく同じ方向に配列されるが隣接する列間においてグループG1は逆向きに配列される。
また、偶数列に配置されるグループG1は奇数列に配置されるグループG1よりやや下方に配置される。その結果、各行に配列されるグループG1は、隣接間において向きが逆になり、各行におけるグループG1の配置を決定する正五角形の中心を結ぶ線は屈曲した線(ジグザグライン)になる。
さらに、各凸部1の大きさは、凸部1の底面を含む平面上に任意に直線を引いたとき、その直線がいずれかの凸部1の内部を通過するように各凸部1の底面の大きさが設定されている。
したがって、本実施形態5のサファイア基板を用いて構成された窒化物半導体発光素子は、複数の凸部1によって側面から出射させることなく、出射方向に効率よく反射させることが可能になり、光の取り出し効率を高くできる。
図7の平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態6のサファイア基板における凸部1の配列を示している。本実施形態6において、複数の凸部1は、それぞれ正八角形の頂点に配置した8個の凸部1とその凸部1より大きい凸部からなり正八角形の中心に配置した凸部2からなるグループG10が一定の規則にしたがって繰り返し配置されている。
本実施形態6において、グループG10は直交する行と列の2方向に繰り返し配列されており、同一行内で隣接する2つのグループG10間及び同一列内で隣接する2つのグループG10間においてそれぞれ2つの凸部1を共有している。
また、各凸部1の大きさと凸部2の大きさは、凸部1の底面を含む平面上に任意に直線を引いたとき、その直線がいずれかの凸部1または凸部2の内部を通過するように設定されている。
したがって、本実施形態6のサファイア基板を用いて構成された窒化物半導体発光素子は、複数の凸部1と凸部2とによって側面から出射させることなく、出射方向に効率よく反射させることが可能になり、光の取り出し効率を高くできる。
図9の平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態7のサファイア基板における凸部1の形状及び配列を示している。
図9に示すように、実施形態7の凸部1は、底面及び上面が以下のように変形された変形三角錘台形状であり、これにより、基板表面に対して平行でかつ基板表面に近接して伝搬する光L1がどのような方向に伝搬した場合であっても効果的に凸部1によって反射されるような複数の凸部1の配置を容易に実現でき、光の取り出し効率を向上させることが可能になる。
実施形態7の凸部1の底面は、各辺11,12,13が中央部に窪みを有する略三角形状である。
具体的には、辺11は、それぞれ外側に膨らんだ2つの曲線11a,11bからなり、その接続部分に窪みが形成されている。同様に辺12は、それぞれ外側に膨らんだ2つの曲線12a,12bからなり、その接続部分に窪みが形成され、辺13は、それぞれ外側に膨らんだ2つの曲線13a,13bからなり、その接続部分に窪みが形成されている。
また、実施形態7の凸部1の上面も、各辺の中央部に窪みを有する底面とほぼ相似形状の略三角形状である。
そして、実施形態7の凸部1において、底面と上面の間の傾斜した側面には、上面の頂点と底面の頂点をそれぞれ結ぶ尾根と、底面の窪みの最深部と上面の窪みの最深部とをそれぞれ結ぶ谷が形成されている。
このようにすると、凸部1の底面を含む平面において任意の位置に任意の方向に直線を引いたとき、その直線が必ずいずれかの凸部1内を通過するようにできる。
また、本実施形態7では、近接領域内に位置する一方の凸部1の頂点の角度を2等分する線の延長線上に他方の凸部1の窪みの最深部が位置するように配置されていることがさらに好ましい。
また、凸部1はそれぞれ、窪みと、その窪みを含む辺に対する頂点とを結ぶ直線に対して線対称の形状であることが好ましく、これにより容易に上記配置を実現できる。
したがって、本実施形態7のサファイア基板を用いて構成された窒化物半導体発光素子は、複数の凸部1によって側面から出射させることなく、出射方向に効率よく反射させることが可能になり、光の取り出し効率を高くできる。
これにより、窒化物半導体層の成長表面から均一に凸部1を覆う横方向成長させることが可能になるとともに、凸部1の高さを低くできることから比較的薄い下地層21によって平坦な表面が得られる。
図8には、図9に示す凸部1をサファイア基板のC面上に形成する際のマスクM1の一例を示している。この例のマスクM1は、中心から120度ずつ異なる3方向に延びる同一長同一幅の3つの脚部からなる(三脚形状)。
同様に、凸部1の底面もマスクM1の三脚形状がエッチング特性に依存して変形された、各辺の中央部に窪みを有しかつ尖った頂点を有する上面とほぼ相似形の略三角形状となる。
さらに、結晶形態に起因するエッチング速度の方向依存性により、底面と上面の間の傾斜した側面には、上面の頂点と底面の頂点をそれぞれ結ぶ尾根1rと、底面の窪みの最深部と上面の窪みの最深部とをそれぞれ結ぶ谷12cが形成される。
尚、凸部1の向きは、凸部1が形成されるサファイア基板表面のC面からのオフ角を変更することにより所望の向きに設定することができる。
以上の実施形態1~7では、底面が略多角形(特に、略三角形)である略多角錐形状(特に、略三角錐形状)の凸部について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、図10に示すように、中央部で屈曲した「く」の字型の底面形状の凸部31であっても良いし、図11に示すような十字の底面形状の凸部32であっても良い。
図10の底面が「く」の字形状の凸部31によれば、底面の少なくとも1つの辺が中央部に窪みを有していることで、複数の凸部31を、凸部31が形成されたサファイア基板表面において、任意の位置に任意の方向に直線を引いたとき、その直線が少なくともいずれかの凸部31内を通過するように配置することができる。
また、底面の各辺はそれぞれ中央部に窪みを有している十字の底面形状の凸部32(図11)であっても、複数の凸部32を、凸部32が形成されたサファイア基板表面において、任意の位置に任意の方向に直線を引いたとき、その直線が少なくともいずれかの凸部32内を通過するように配置することができる。
図12の平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態8のサファイア基板における凸部40の形状及び配列を示している。
この実施形態8の凸部40は、実施形態7の凸部1を180度回転させた向きに形成している。ここで、本明細書において、凸部の向きは、図15に示すように、サファイア基板のオリフラ(A面)100を基準にして規定する。
すなわち、実施形態8の凸部40と実施形態7の凸部1は、いずれも凸部の方向(略三角形状の底面において、その略三角形状の中心から頂点に向かう3方向)がa軸と直交するように形成されているが、凸部の方向が逆方向に向いている。その結果、実施形態7の凸部1における上記3方向は、図15に示すa軸(a1軸、a2軸及びa3軸)を反時計回り(左回り)に30度回転させたものと一致するのに対して、実施形態8の凸部40における上記3方向は、図15に示すa軸(a1軸、a2軸及びa3軸)を時計回り(右回り)に30度回転させたものと一致する。
このように180度回転させると、a軸に平行方向にエッチングされる面はc面に対して角度が鈍角になり、逆に垂直方向にエッチングされる面はc面に対して角度が鋭角になることから、エッチングにより形成される凸部40の形状は凸部1とは後述するように、異なった形状になる。
図14の平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態9のサファイア基板における凸部50の形状及び配列を示している。
この実施形態9のサファイア基板における凸部50は、実施形態8の凸部40と同様、実施形態7の凸部1を180度回転させた向きに形成されているが、凸部50の上面50bの構成が実施形態8の凸部40の上面40bとは異なっている。具体的には、実施形態9の上面50bは、凸部50の中央部で窪んでおり、上面50bがサファイアC面から傾斜した面になっている。
図16Aの平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態10のサファイア基板における凸部60の形状及び配列を示している。また、図16Bには、図16Aの凸部60を拡大して示している。図16A及び図16Bに示すように、凸部60は、傾斜側面60aと上面60bとを有してなる。
この実施形態10のサファイア基板において、凸部60は、実施形態7の凸部1を時計回りに30度回転させた向きに形成している。
すなわち、実施形態10の凸部60は、図18(a)及び図18(c)に示すように、凸部60の略三角形状の底面において中心から頂点に向かう3方向がa軸と一致するように形成されている。実施形態10のサファイア基板において、複数の凸部60は、a軸と一致する方向に配列されている。
図19の平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態11のサファイア基板における凸部70の形状及び配列を示している。
この実施形態11のサファイア基板における凸部70は、実施形態7における花弁形状の凸部1が中央部で分離された形態のサブ凸部70s1とサブ凸部70s2とサブ凸部70s3からなる。凸部70が中央部で分離されることによって、この実施形態11のサファイア基板の一方の主面には、サブ凸部70s1,70s2,70s3の間には光が直進し得る三角形状の部分が形成されるが、3つのサブ凸部70s1,70s2,70s3は近接している。したがって、実施形態11における凸部70の構成であっても、実施形態7における花弁形状の凸部1と同様、凸部70が形成されたサファイア基板表面において、任意の位置に任意の方向に直線を引いたとき、その直線が少なくともいずれかの凸部70内を通過するように凸部70を配置することができる。
図21の平面図には、本発明に係る実施形態12のサファイア基板における凸部80の形状及び配列を示している。
この実施形態12のサファイア基板における凸部80は、実施形態8における花弁形状の凸部40が中央部で分離された形態のサブ凸部80s1とサブ凸部80s2とサブ凸部80s3からなる。凸部80が中央部で分離されることによって、この実施形態12のサファイア基板の一方の主面には、サブ凸部80s1,80s2,80s3の間には光が直進し得る隙間が形成されるが、3つのサブ凸部80s1,80s2,80s3は近接している。したがって、実施形態12における凸部80の構成であっても、実施形態8における花弁形状の凸部40と同様、凸部40が形成されたサファイア基板表面において、任意の位置に任意の方向に直線を引いたとき、その直線が少なくともいずれかの凸部80内を通過するように凸部80を配置することができる。
1a,40a,50a,60a,70a,80a 凸部の傾斜側面
1b,40b,50b,60b,70b,80b 凸部の上面
10 サファイア基板
11,12,13 凸部の底面の辺
11a,11b,12a,12b,13a,13b 曲線
20 半導体積層構造
21 下地層
22 第1導電型層(n型層)
23 活性層(発光層)
24 第2導電型層(p型層)
M1,M45,M65,M70,M80 マスク
70s1,70s2,70s3,80s1,80s2,80s3 サブ凸部
100 オリフラ
Claims (24)
- 一方の主面に複数の凸部を備え、その一方の主面に窒化物半導体が成長されて窒化物半導体発光素子が形成されるサファイア基板であって、
前記凸部はそれぞれ、底面の外周に少なくとも1つの窪みを有していることを特徴とするサファイア基板。 - 前記複数の凸部を、その複数の凸部の底面が含まれる平面において任意の位置に任意の方向に直線を引いたとき、その直線が少なくともいずれかの凸部内を通過するように配置したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記凸部はそれぞれ、底面が略多角形である略多角錐形状又は多角錐台形状であり、かつその底面の各辺がそれぞれ中央部に前記窪みを有している請求項1又は2に記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記複数の凸部は、隣接する凸部間において、一方の凸部はその底面の1つの頂点が他方の凸部の底面の2つの頂点とその間にある窪みの最深点を結ぶ領域内に位置するように配置されている請求項1~3のうちのいずれか1つに記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記隣接する凸部間において一方の凸部は、前記1つの頂点の角度を2等分する線の延長線上に他方の凸部の窪みの最深部が位置するように配置されている請求項4記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記複数の凸部はそれぞれ、前記窪みと、当該窪みを含む辺に対する頂点とを結ぶ直線に対して線対称の形状である請求項1~5のうちのいずれか1つに記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記凸部はそれぞれ、各底面とそれぞれ略相似形状の上面を有する請求項1~6のうちのいずれか1つに記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記凸部の底面はそれぞれ略三角形である請求項1~7のうちのいずれか1つに記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記複数の凸部は、複数の行を形成するように配列されており、同一行内に配列された凸部は、その1つの頂点の角度を2等分する2等分直線が一直線上に位置しかつ前記2等分直線が凸部内部から外部に向かう方向により規定される凸部方向が同一になるようにそれぞれ配列されている請求項8記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記複数の行において、隣接する2つの行間で凸部方向が反対になっている請求項9記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記複数の凸部は、それぞれ正n角形の頂点と中心とに配置された(n+1)個の凸部からなるグループが繰り返し配置された請求項1~8のうちのいずれか1つに記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記グループは、隣接するグループ間で一部の凸部を共有している請求項11記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記底面の各辺がそれぞれ中央部に窪みを有しており、
前記底面の中心から頂点に向かう方向がそれぞれサファイア結晶のa軸を時計回りに30度回転させた方向の±10度の範囲にある請求項8記載のサファイア基板。 - 前記底面の各辺がそれぞれ中央部に窪みを有しており、
前記底面の中心から頂点に向かう方向がそれぞれサファイア結晶のa軸を反時計回りに30度回転させた方向の±10度の範囲にある請求項8記載のサファイア基板。 - 前記底面の各辺がそれぞれ中央部に窪みを有しており、
前記底面の中心から頂点に向かう方向がそれぞれサファイア結晶のa軸の±10度の範囲にある請求項8記載のサファイア基板。 - 前記複数の凸部はそれぞれ、凸部の中心から3方向に延びた3つのサブ凸部からなり、その3つの凸部は前記中心を含む中央部で分離されている請求項8記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記3方向はそれぞれサファイア結晶のa軸を時計回りに30度回転させた方向の±10度の範囲にある請求項16に記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記3方向はそれぞれサファイア結晶のa軸を反時計回りに30度回転させた方向の±10度の範囲にある請求項16に記載のサファイア基板。
- 一方の主面に複数の凸部を備え、その一方の主面に窒化物半導体が成長されて窒化物半導体発光素子が形成されるサファイア基板であって、
前記複数の凸部の底面はそれぞれ略三角形であり、その底面の各辺がそれぞれ中央部に窪みを有しており、
前記底面の中心から頂点に向かう方向がそれぞれサファイア結晶のa軸を時計回りに30度回転させた方向の±10度の範囲にあることを特徴とするサファイア基板。 - 一方の主面に複数の凸部を備え、その一方の主面に窒化物半導体が成長されて窒化物半導体発光素子が形成されるサファイア基板であって、
前記複数の凸部の底面はそれぞれ略三角形であり、その底面の各辺がそれぞれ中央部に窪みを有しており、
前記底面の中心から頂点に向かう方向がそれぞれサファイア結晶のa軸の±10度の範囲にあることを特徴とするサファイア基板。 - 一方の主面に複数の凸部を備え、その一方の主面に窒化物半導体が成長されて窒化物半導体発光素子が形成されるサファイア基板であって、
前記複数の凸部はそれぞれ、凸部の中心から3方向に延びた3つのサブ凸部からなり、その3つの凸部は前記中心を含む中央部で分離されていることを特徴とするサファイア基板。 - 前記3方向はそれぞれサファイア結晶のa軸を時計回りに30度回転させた方向の±10度の範囲にある請求項21に記載のサファイア基板。
- 前記3方向はそれぞれサファイア結晶のa軸を反時計回りに30度回転させた方向の±10度の範囲にある請求項21に記載のサファイア基板。
- 請求項1~23のうちのいずれか1つに記載のサファイア基板の一方の主面上に窒化物半導体を成長させることにより窒化物半導体層発光素子が形成された半導体発光素子。
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| US9773946B2 (en) | 2015-02-18 | 2017-09-26 | Nichia Corporation | Light-emitting element comprising a partitioned sapphire substrate |
| US10461222B2 (en) | 2015-02-18 | 2019-10-29 | Nichia Corporation | Light-emitting element comprising sapphire substrate with convex portions |
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| US20130285109A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
| JPWO2012018116A1 (ja) | 2013-10-03 |
| TWI640106B (zh) | 2018-11-01 |
| US9070814B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
| JP2016103655A (ja) | 2016-06-02 |
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| CN106067500A (zh) | 2016-11-02 |
| US8847263B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
| US20130270593A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
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| EP2624283A1 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
| CN106067502B (zh) | 2018-12-25 |
| TWI540756B (zh) | 2016-07-01 |
| CN106067502A (zh) | 2016-11-02 |
| US20150270443A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
| US9525103B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
| US20140306265A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
| CN106067501A (zh) | 2016-11-02 |
| US20120074431A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| TW201216514A (en) | 2012-04-16 |
| TW201631798A (zh) | 2016-09-01 |
| CN106067500B (zh) | 2019-03-12 |
| EP2624283A4 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
| US8847262B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
| JP5870921B2 (ja) | 2016-03-01 |
| EP2624283B1 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
| CN103069541A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
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