WO2012005339A1 - 糖尿病の予防・治療剤 - Google Patents
糖尿病の予防・治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012005339A1 WO2012005339A1 PCT/JP2011/065628 JP2011065628W WO2012005339A1 WO 2012005339 A1 WO2012005339 A1 WO 2012005339A1 JP 2011065628 W JP2011065628 W JP 2011065628W WO 2012005339 A1 WO2012005339 A1 WO 2012005339A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/02—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with ribosyl as saccharide radical
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
- A61K31/7105—Natural ribonucleic acids, i.e. containing only riboses attached to adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil and having 3'-5' phosphodiester links
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/14—Type of nucleic acid interfering nucleic acids [NA]
- C12N2310/141—MicroRNAs, miRNAs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/158—Expression markers
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/178—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use miRNA, siRNA or ncRNA
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel preventive / therapeutic agent for diabetes. More specifically, the present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for diabetes and the like containing a polynucleotide such as microRNA (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “miRNA”). The present invention also relates to a screening method for a therapeutic drug for diabetes, a method for determining the sensitivity of a diabetic patient to a therapeutic drug for diabetes, and the like.
- miRNA microRNA
- Diabetes is one of the five major diseases in developed countries, and its impact is increasing year by year in other countries.
- Pancreatic ⁇ -cells responsible for blood glucose control are known to respond to increased cell mass by hypertrophy, neoplasia, proliferation, and apoptosis inhibition when the amount of insulin required in the body increases due to obesity, pregnancy, diabetes, etc. .
- Current treatments for diabetes are mainly symptomatic treatments that control blood sugar levels, so that diabetes is difficult to cure once it develops.
- the development of antidiabetic drugs with the main effect of promoting the proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells is expected, aiming at the cure of diabetes.
- miR-375 has been reported to suppress the amount of insulin secreted in a glucose-dependent manner from pancreatic ⁇ cells (Non-patent Document 1).
- miR-199b * the expression level of miR-199b-prec is decreased in lung cancer tissues (Non-patent Document 2), and miR-199b-5p is expressed through the regulation of HES1 expression in myeloma cell lines.
- Non-patent Document 3 Functions as a regulator of Notch signal (Non-patent Document 3), miR-199b expression level decreases during differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells by 4-hydroxynonenal (Non-patent Document 4), goat skin cells Expresses mmu-miR-199b (Non-Patent Document 5), and miR-199b expression level is significantly reduced in human choriocarcinoma cells compared to normal cells (Non-Patent Document 6). ) Etc. have been reported.
- Patent Document 1 a breast cancer diagnosis method using miR-199b (Patent Document 1), a lung cancer diagnosis method using miR-199b-prec (Patent Document 2), and a cancer treatment method using hsa-mir-199a (Patent Document 1) Reference 3) has been reported.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel means for preventing or treating diabetes, which mainly has the effect of promoting the proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a simple and highly accurate diagnostic method for sensitivity to a preventive or therapeutic agent for diabetes.
- the present inventors conducted comprehensive expression analysis on the pancreatic tissue of a partial pancreatectomy model that can significantly promote the proliferation of all pancreatic cells including pancreatic ⁇ cells in vivo, and further used primary cultured islet cells. As a result of investigating the growth promoting effect of miRNA on pancreatic ⁇ cells in an in vitro pancreatic ⁇ cell proliferation evaluation system, it was surprisingly found that miR-199b * has pancreatic ⁇ cell proliferation promoting activity. As a result of further studies based on these findings, the present inventors have completed the present invention.
- a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence identical to or having 90% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, or 4 or complementary to the nucleotide sequence
- a method for preventing or treating diabetes in the mammal which comprises administering an effective amount of a polynucleotide containing the base sequence or a salt thereof.
- a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence identical to or having 90% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, or 4 or complementary to the nucleotide sequence
- a method for proliferating pancreatic ⁇ cells in a mammal which comprises administering an effective amount of a polynucleotide containing the base sequence or a salt thereof.
- a polynucleotide or a base comprising the same base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4 or having a base sequence having a homology of 90% or more for producing an agent for preventing or treating diabetes Use of a polynucleotide comprising a base sequence complementary to the sequence, or a salt thereof.
- Diabetes prevention characterized by measuring the expression level of a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence that is the same as the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, or 4 or that has 90% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence Or a screening method for therapeutic agents.
- Pancreatic ⁇ characterized by measuring the expression level of a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence identical to or having 90% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, or 4 A screening method for substances that proliferate cells.
- a diabetic patient characterized by measuring the expression level of a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence identical to or having 90% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4 For determining susceptibility to diabetes prevention or treatment drug.
- a diabetic patient characterized by measuring the expression level of a polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence identical to or having 90% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, or 4 A method for determining pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferative drug sensitivity.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention promotes the proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells, and thus has a preventive / therapeutic effect on diseases such as diabetes.
- using the expression of the polynucleotide of the present invention as an indicator screening for a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes and determination of sensitivity to the prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes can be performed.
- the relative expression level of mature miR-199b * in rat primary cultured islet cells transfected with Pre-miR-miRNA Precursor expressing mmu-miR-199b * is shown.
- the parametric williams test was used for statistical processing (# indicates significance). Increase in the number of insulin-positive and BrdU-positive cells and insulin-positive cells in rat primary cultured islet cells transfected with Pre-miR miRNA Precursor expressing mmu-miR-199b *.
- the parametric williams test was used for statistical processing on concentration dependence (# indicates significance), and t-test ⁇ was used for statistical processing on other items (* indicates 0.01 ⁇ P ⁇ 0.05, * * Indicates P ⁇ 0.01).
- Pre-miR miRNA Precursor expressing hsa-miR-199a-3p, Pre-miR miRNA Precursor expressing hsa-miR-199a-5p or Pre-miR miRNA Precursor expressing hsa-miR-199b-5p Increased number of insulin-positive and BrdU-positive cells in rat primary islet cells cultured.
- the parametric williams test (# indicates significance) is used for statistical processing on concentration dependence, and t-test is used for statistical processing on other items (* indicates 0.01 ⁇ P ⁇ 0.05, ** indicates P ⁇ Shows 0.01).
- miRNA refers to an unprocessed (eg, precursor) or processed (eg, mature) RNA transcript produced from a miRNA gene.
- the RNA transcript that has not been sensed is also referred to as “precursor miRNA” or “precursor miRNA” and is usually composed of about 70 to 100 bases.
- Precursor miRNAs are pro-sensed into active 19-25 base RNA molecules by digestion with ribonucleases (eg Dicer), Argonaut, or ribonuclease III (eg E. coli ribonuclease III).
- ribonucleases eg Dicer
- Argonaut ribonuclease III
- ribonuclease III eg E. coli ribonuclease III
- the RNA molecule having activity of 19 to 25 bases is referred to as “mature miRNA”.
- the activity of a mature miRNA refers to an activity that binds to a target mRNA
- the polynucleotide used in the present invention (sometimes referred to herein as “the polynucleotide of the present invention”) or a salt thereof is at least one selected from the group consisting of the following (A) to (C): Contains one base sequence: (A) a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4; (B) a base sequence having 90% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4; and (C) a base complementary to the base sequence of (A) or (B) above An array.
- nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide is described as a sequence of either DNA or RNA unless otherwise specified.
- thymine (T) and uracil (U) at any position may be interchanged with each other. Is possible.
- T thymine
- U uracil
- U uracil
- the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is the base sequence of mmu-miR-199b * (also referred to as mmu-miR-199b-5p).
- the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 is mmu-miR-199b (also referred to as mmu-miR-199b-3p), hsa-miR-199b-3p, mmu-miR-199a-3p, hsa- This is the same nucleotide sequence as miR-199a-3p and rno-miR-199a-3p.
- the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 is the base sequence of mmu-miR-199a-5p, hsa-miR-199a-5p and rno-miR-199a-5p.
- the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 is the base sequence of hsa-miR-199b-5p.
- the base sequence (B) has a homology (ie, identity) of 90% or more, preferably 95% or more with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4.
- homology refers to an optimal alignment when two base sequences are aligned using a mathematical algorithm known in the art (the algorithm determines one or both sequences for optimal alignment).
- Other algorithms for determining base sequence homology include, for example, Karlin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- the base sequence of (B) includes a base sequence in which 1 or 2 bases are deleted, substituted, added or inserted in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4.
- the Examples of the base sequence include (i) a base sequence in which one or two bases are deleted from the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4, and (ii) SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 Alternatively, a base sequence in which 1 or 2 bases are added to the base sequence represented by 4, (iii) 1 or 2 bases are inserted into the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4
- a base sequence (however, the total number of bases to be deleted, substituted, added or inserted is 2) can be mentioned.
- the base sequence includes a mutation (deletion, substitution, addition or insertion) as described above, the
- the base sequence (C) is completely complementary to the base sequence (A) or (B).
- the polynucleotide of the present invention has an activity of promoting the proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells.
- pancreatic ⁇ cells include pancreatic ⁇ cells of mammals (eg, human, monkey, mouse, rat, rabbit, pig).
- the activity of the polynucleotide to promote the proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells is determined according to the method described in Examples below. From the transfection in the group transfected with the polynucleotide to be evaluated and the negative control group (the group transfected with the scrambled miRNA or the group not transfected with the polynucleotide to be evaluated) It can be measured by comparing the number of pancreatic ⁇ cells after 5 days. For example, the activity of increasing the number of pancreatic ⁇ cells by 10% or more compared to the negative control can be defined as “activity for promoting pancreatic ⁇ cell proliferation”.
- the length of the polynucleotide of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the activity of promoting the proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells of mammals. From the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, it is usually 200 bp or less, preferably 100 bp or less, more preferably 80 bp or less.
- polynucleotide of the present invention include a polynucleotide comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4. More preferred examples of the polynucleotide of the present invention include a polynucleotide comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention is a polynucleotide containing 2-deoxy-D-ribose, a polynucleotide containing D-ribose, a polynucleotide containing an N-glycosidation product of a purine base or a pyrimidine base.
- They may be double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, single-stranded RNA, DNA: RNA hybrids, unmodified polynucleotides (or unmodified oligonucleotides), and known modifications.
- Added polynucleotides eg, those with a label known in the art, capped, methylated, one or more natural nucleotides replaced with analogs, intramolecular nucleotide modifications
- those having uncharged bonds methylphosphonates, phosphotriesters, phosphoramidates, carbamates, etc.
- those having charges or sulfur-containing bonds phosphorothioates, phosphorodithioates, etc.
- Protein nuclease, nuclease inhibitor, toxin, antibody, signal Peptides, poly-L-lysine, etc.
- sugars monosaccharides, etc.
- other side chain groups intercurrent compounds (acridine, psoralen, etc.), chelate compounds (metals, radioactive) A metal, boron, an oxidizable metal, etc.), an alkylating agent, a modified bond ( ⁇ -anomeric nucleic acid, etc.)).
- nucleotide and nucleic acid include not only purine bases and pyrimidine bases but also other heterocyclic bases that have been modified. Examples of other modified heterocyclic bases include methylated purine bases and pyrimidine bases, acylated purine bases and pyrimidine bases.
- the nucleotide of the nucleotide of the present invention or the nucleoside constituting the nucleotide of the present invention may have a modified sugar moiety. Examples of modification of the sugar moiety include substitution of the hydroxyl group of the sugar moiety with a halogen atom or an aliphatic group, and conversion of the hydroxyl group of the sugar moiety to a functional group such as ether or amine.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention may be chemically modified in order to improve its stability.
- Examples of such chemical modifications include (a) chemical modification in the internucleoside skeleton ((a-1) chemical modification of a polynucleotide having a phosphorus atom in the internucleoside skeleton and (a-2) internucleoside skeleton.
- Examples of the preferred chemical modification of the polynucleotide having a phosphorus atom in the (a-1) internucleoside skeleton include phosphorothioate, asymmetric phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, phosphotriester, aminoalkylphosphotriester, 3′- Alkyl phosphonates, alkyls including asymmetric phosphonates (eg methyl) phosphonates, phosphinates, 3′-amino phosphoramidates, phosphoramidates, phosphoramidates containing aminoalkyl phosphoramidates, thionophosphos Loamidates, thionoalkyl phosphonates, thionoalkyl phosphotriesters, boranophosphates, their 2'-5 'linked analogs, and adjacent pairs of nucleoside units from 3'-5' to 5'-3 ' Or a modification that is 2′-5 ′ to 5′-2 ′.
- the polynucleotide having a phosphorus atom in the (a-1) internucleoside skeleton is, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,687,808; 4,469,863; 4,476,301; 5,023,243; 5,177,195; 5,188,897; 5,455,233; 5,466,677; 5,476,925; 5,519,126; 5,536,821; 5,541,316; 5,550,111; 5,563,253; 5,571,799; 5,587,361; 5,625,050, or the like.
- polynucleotide having no phosphorus atom in the internucleoside skeleton (a-2) a short-chain alkyl or cycloalkyl internucleoside linkage, a heteroatom and an alkyl or cycloalkyl mixed internucleoside linkage, or Examples include polynucleotides having a skeleton formed by one or more short-chain heteroatoms or heterocyclic internucleoside linkages.
- morpholino linkages formed in part from the sugar portion of the nucleoside
- siloxane backbones sulfide, sulfoxide and sulfone backbones
- formacetyl and thioformacetyl backbones methyleneformacetyl and thioformacetyl backbones
- alkene-containing skeletons sulfamate skeletons; methyleneimino and methylenehydrazino skeletons; sulfonate and sulfonamide skeletons; amide skeletons; and skeletons having mixed portions of N, O, S and CH 2 components.
- the (a-2) polynucleotide having no phosphorus atom in the internucleoside skeleton is, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,034,506; 5,166,315; 5,185,444; 5,214,134; 5,216,141; 5,470,967; 5,489,677; 5,561,225; 5,596,086; 5,602,240; 5,610,289; 5,618,704; 5,623,070; 5,663,312; 5,633,360;
- Examples of the chemical modification of the (b) sugar moiety include chemical modification in which the 2 ′ position is substituted with one substituent selected from the following group A.
- Group A OH; F; O-, S- or N-alkyl; O-, S- or N-alkenyl; O-, S- or N-alkynyl; or O-[(alkylene) n -O] m- Alkyl (wherein alkyl, alkylene, alkenyl and alkynyl are substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 1 -C 10 alkylene, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl and alkynyl).
- Particularly preferred chemical modifications include methoxyethoxy (—O—CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , also known as —MOE) (Martin et al., Helv. Chim.
- dimethylaminooxy Ethoxy also known as -DMAOE -O (CH 2 ) 2 ON (CH 3 ) 2
- dimethylaminoethoxyethoxy also known as -DMAEOE -O- (CH 2 ) 2 -O- (CH 2 ) 2 -N (CH 3 ) 2
- the 2 ′ position is substituted with one substituent selected from the following group B.
- Group B C 1 to C 10 (lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkylaryl, aralkyl, O-alkylaryl or O-aralkyl), SH, SCH 3 , OCN, Cl, Br, CN, CF 3 , OCF 3 , SOCH 3 , SO 2 CH 3 , ONO 2 , NO 2 , N 3 , NH 2 , heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylaryl, aminoalkylamino, polyalkylamino, substituted silyl, RNA cleavage group, reporter group, intercalator, Groups that improve the pharmacokinetic properties of a polynucleotide, or groups that improve the pharmacodynamic properties of a polynucleotide, as well as other substituents that have similar properties.
- chemical modification of the (b) sugar moiety examples include chemical modification in which the 2 ′ position is substituted with methoxy, aminopropoxy, or fluoro.
- chemical modification of the sugar moiety the 3 ′ position of the sugar on the 3 ′ terminal nucleotide or in the 2′-5 ′ linked polynucleotide and the 5 ′ position of the 5 ′ terminal nucleotide are methoxy, aminopropoxy, or fluoro
- chemical modifications in which the pentofuranosyl sugar is replaced with a sugar mimetic such as a cyclobutyl moiety.
- Another example of a chemical modification of the sugar moiety is a modification that locks the sugar moiety as disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,770,748.
- Examples of other chemical modifications of the sugar moiety include those disclosed in US7217805, WO2003 / 068795, WO2005 / 021570, US7569686, WO2009 / 100320, WO2007 / 146511, WO2007 / 143315, WO2007 / 134181 and WO2007 / 090071. Modifications that crosslink the sugar moiety are included. Polynucleotides having chemical modifications of the above sugar moieties are, for example, US Pat. Nos.
- Examples of the modification of the (c) nucleobase moiety include 5-methylcytosine (5-me-C), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, 2-aminoadenine, adenine and guanine alkyl derivatives (eg, 6-methyl derivatives), alkyl derivatives of adenine and guanine (eg, 2-propyl derivatives), 2-thiouracil, 2-thiothymine and 2-thiocytosine, 5-halouracil and cytosine, 5-propynyluracil and cytosine, 6-azouracil, Cytosine and thymine, 5-uracil (pseudouracil), 4-thiouracil, 8-position substitution (eg 8-halo, 8-amino, 8-thiol, 8-thioalkyl, 8-hydroxyl) adenine and guanine, 5-position substitution ( Examples, 5-halo, 5-bromo, 5-trifluoromethyl)
- the (c) polynucleotide having a modification of the nucleobase moiety is, for example, US Pat. Nos. 3,687,808 and 4,845,205; 5,130,30; 5,134,066; 5,175,273; , 5,596,091; 5,614,617; 5,750,692, etc., or a method analogous thereto.
- Examples of the targeting fragment used in the modification of the (d) targeting fragment with a conjugate include a lipid moiety such as a cholesterol moiety (Letsinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 1989, 86, 6553). -6556), cholic acid (Manoharan et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let., 1994, 4, 1053-1060), thioether (eg beryl-S-tritylthiol (Manoharan et al., Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1992, 660, 306-309; Manoharan et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem.
- thiocholesterol (Oberhauser et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 1992 , 20, 533-538), aliphatic chains (eg dodecandiol or undecyl residues (Saison-Behmoaras et al., EMBO J., 1991, 10, 1111-1118; Kabanov et al., FEBS Lett., 1990) , 259, 327-330; Svinarchuk et al., Biochimie, 1993, 75, 49-54)), phospholipids (eg dihexadecyl-rac-glycerol or 1, Triethylammonium 2-di-O-hexadecyl-rac-glycero-3-H-phosphonate (Manoharan et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 3651-3654; Shea et al., Nucl.
- phospholipids eg dihexadecyl-rac
- the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof is modified with the conjugate of the targeting fragment (d), the activity, intracellular distribution or cellular uptake of the polynucleotide is enhanced.
- Polynucleotides having modifications by conjugation of the (d) targeting fragment include, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,828,979; 4,948,882; 5,218,105; 5,525,465; 5,541,313; 5,545,730; 5,552,538; 5,486,603; 5,512,439; 5,578,718; 5,608,046; 4,587,044; 4,605,735; 4,667,025; 4,762,779; 4,789,737; 4,824,941; 4,835,263; 4,876,335; 4,904,582; 4,958,013; 5,082,830; 5,112,963; 5,214,136; 5,082,830; 5,112,963; 5,214,136; 5,245,022; 5,254,469; 5,258,506; 5,262,536; 5,272,250; 5,292,873; 5,317,098; 5,371,241, 5,391,723; 5,416,203, 5,451,46
- the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof is chemically modified, it is not necessary that all of the polynucleotides constituting the polynucleotide of the present invention or the salt thereof are uniformly modified. It is sufficient that one or more of the nucleoside constituting the polynucleotide or the polynucleotide is incorporated in the modification.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention, or a salt thereof may be subjected to two or more chemical modifications at the same time.
- the polynucleotides of the invention, or salts thereof include chemical modifications both in the sugar moiety and in the internucleoside backbone, such as PNA compounds (Nielsen et al., Science, 1991, 254, 1497-1500).
- the polynucleotide of the present invention that has undergone such modification, or a salt thereof, has excellent binding properties to the target mRNA.
- Polynucleotides containing chemical modifications both in the sugar moiety and in the internucleoside backbone can be produced, for example, according to the method described in US Pat. Nos. 5,539,082; 5,714,331; and 5,719,262, or a method analogous thereto.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention is preferably single-stranded or double-stranded RNA (modified or unmodified RNA).
- the polynucleotide of the present invention may form a salt with an inorganic base, organic base, inorganic acid, organic acid or the like.
- the salt with the inorganic base include, for example, alkali metal salts of sodium salts and potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts and magnesium salts; and aluminum salts and ammonium salts.
- the salt with the organic base include, for example, salts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, and N, N′-dibenzylethylenediamine.
- Examples of the salt with the inorganic acid include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid.
- Examples of the salts with organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p- And a salt with toluenesulfonic acid. Of these salts, pharmacologically acceptable salts are preferred.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention is preferably cleaved by dsRNA-specific RNase such as Drosha and Dicer contained in the cell as it is when introduced into a mammalian cell.
- dsRNA-specific RNase such as Drosha and Dicer contained in the cell as it is when introduced into a mammalian cell.
- An active single-stranded RNA consisting of the base sequence (A) or (B) is generated.
- Such single-stranded RNA is produced, for example, by preparing cDNA from cells using TaqMan MicroRNA Cells-to-Ct TM kit (Ambion) or the like, and quantitative RT- using TaqMan miRNA assays (ABI) or the like. It can be confirmed by PCR.
- the active single stranded RNA can be obtained from the precursor miRNA by natural processing pathways (eg, using cell lysates) or by synthetic processing pathways (eg, isolated Dicer, Argonaut, or ribonuclease III). Etc.) using an isolated processing enzyme such as
- the active single-stranded RNA described above can also be produced biologically or chemically.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention is more preferably a single-stranded RNA containing the above base sequence (A) or (B), or a double-stranded RNA containing the single-stranded RNA as one strand.
- polynucleotide of the present invention include the following: (1) Single-stranded RNA consisting of the base sequence of (A) or (B) above, or double-stranded RNA containing the single-stranded RNA as one strand; (2) a single-stranded RNA comprising a first base sequence (a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 3 or 4 or a base sequence having 90% or more homology with the base sequence), and a second A single-stranded RNA comprising a base sequence (the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence having 90% or more homology with the base sequence); A double-stranded RNA obtained by hybridizing the two single-stranded RNAs; (3) A single-stranded RNA comprising the first base sequence and the second base sequence, wherein the first base sequence and the second base sequence are linked via a hairpin loop part, Single-stranded RNA in which the first base sequence forms a double-stranded structure in the molecule with the second
- Examples of the single-stranded RNA consisting of the base sequence (A) or (B) in (1) above include mammalian single-stranded mature miR-199b or single-stranded mature miR-199a.
- Single-stranded RNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (mmu-miR-199b * (also referred to as mmu-miR-199b-5p)
- Single-stranded RNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (mmu-miR-199b (mmu-miR-199b-3p, hsa-miR-199b-3p, mmu-miR-199a-3p, hsa-miR- 199a-3p or rno-miR-199a-3p)), Single-stranded RNA (mmu-miR-199a)
- the double-stranded RNA in (2) above contains a single-stranded RNA having a homology of 90% or more, preferably 95% or more with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 3 or 4.
- the double-stranded RNA in (2) above contains a single-stranded RNA having a homology of 90% or more, preferably 95% or more with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the RNA in (2) typically includes RNA containing mammalian miR-199b or miR-199a.
- RNA comprising a single-stranded RNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (mmu-miR-199b *) and a single-stranded RNA comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (mmu-miR-199b), RNA comprising a single-stranded RNA comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 (hsa-miR-199b-5p) and a single-stranded RNA comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (mmu-miR-199b) , RNA comprising a single-stranded RNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 (mmu-miR-199a-5p) and a single-stranded RNA comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (mmu-miR-199b) Etc. are exemplified.
- the length of the hairpin loop portion is not particularly limited as long as the RNA has an activity of promoting the proliferation of mammalian pancreatic ⁇ cells, but is usually about 5 to 25 bases.
- the base sequence of the hairpin loop portion is not particularly limited as long as it can form a loop and the RNA has an activity of promoting the proliferation of mammalian pancreatic ⁇ cells.
- the RNA of (3) typically includes a precursor miRNA (precursor miRNA) and an initial transcript for mammalian miR-199b or miR-199a, and base sequences of these RNAs.
- Single stranded RNA etc. are mentioned.
- Single-stranded RNA (precursor mmu-miR-199b) consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5
- Single-stranded RNA (precursor hsa-miR-199b) consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6
- Single-stranded RNA (precursor hsa-miR-199a) consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 10
- Single-stranded RNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 (initial transcription
- NCBI accession numbers of miRNAs represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 10 are as follows.
- hsa-miR-199b-5p SEQ ID NO: 4 (MIMAT0000263) precursor mmu-miR-199b: SEQ ID NO: 5 (MI0000714)
- the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 is also referred to as mmu-miR-199b-3p, and is mmu-miR-199a-3p (NCBI Accession No.MIMAT0000230), hsa-miR-199a-3p (NCBI Accession No. .MIMAT0000232) and hsa-miR-199b-3p (NCBI Accession No.MIMAT0004563).
- the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 is identical to hsa-miR-199a-5p (NCBI Accession No. MIMAT0000231) and rno-miR-199a-5p.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention can be obtained using a commercially available DNA / RNA automatic synthesizer (Applied Biosystems, Beckman, etc.) based on the sequence information disclosed in this specification or a known database. Can be synthesized.
- the double-stranded polynucleotide is synthesized by synthesizing both strands with a DNA / RNA automatic synthesizer, denatured at about 90 to about 95 ° C. for about 1 minute in an appropriate annealing buffer, and then about 30 minutes. It can be prepared by annealing at about 70 ° C. for about 1 to about 8 hours.
- longer double-stranded polynucleotides can be prepared by synthesizing complementary oligonucleotide strands so as to alternately overlap, annealing them, and then ligating with ligase.
- an expression vector for expressing the polynucleotide of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “the expression vector of the present invention”) is one of the preferred embodiments of the polynucleotide of the present invention.
- the expression vector of the present invention is configured so that the polynucleotide of the present invention can be expressed in mammalian cells.
- the expression vector of the present invention can be produced by ligating the above-described polynucleotide of the present invention or DNA encoding the same downstream of the promoter in an appropriate expression vector.
- expression vectors include plasmids derived from E. coli (eg, pBR322, pBR325, pUC12, pUC13), plasmids derived from Bacillus subtilis (eg, pUB110, pTP5, pC194), yeast-derived plasmids (eg, pSH19, pSH15), ⁇
- bacteriophages such as phages
- animal viruses such as retroviruses, vaccinia viruses, and baculoviruses
- examples include, but are not limited to, pA1-11, pXT1, pRc / CMV, pRc / RSV, pcDNAI / Neo.
- the promoter may be any promoter that can function in mammalian cells.
- Examples of the promoter include pol II promoter and pol III promoter.
- Examples of the polIII promoter include U6 promoter, H1 promoter, 5S rRNA promoter, tRNA promoter, 7SL promoter, 7SK promoter, retroviral LTR promoter, and adenovirus VAl promoter. Of these, U6 promoter, H1 promoter, and tRNA promoter are preferable.
- Examples of the pol II promoter include insulin promoter, cytomegalovirus promoter, T7 promoter, T3 promoter, SP6 promoter, RSV promoter, EF-1 ⁇ promoter, ⁇ -actin promoter, ⁇ -globulin promoter, SR ⁇ promoter. Of these, the insulin promoter is preferred.
- an expression vector containing an enhancer, a splicing signal, a poly A addition signal, a selection marker, an SV40 replication origin (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as SV40ori) and the like is used as desired. it can.
- the selection marker include dihydrofolate reductase (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as DHF r) gene [methotrexate (MTX) resistance], ampicillin resistant gene (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as Amp r), neomycin resistant gene (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as Neo r, G418 resistance) and the like.
- the above-mentioned polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof has, for example, the following uses. ⁇ 1> Use for prevention or treatment of diabetes, ⁇ 2> Use of proliferating agent for pancreatic ⁇ cells, ⁇ 3> Diabetes preventive or therapeutic drug screening applications, ⁇ 4> Use for determining sensitivity to diabetes preventive or therapeutic agents.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof has an activity of promoting the proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention is a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes (eg, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, obese diabetes); glucose intolerance [IGT (Impaired Glucose Tolerance)].
- Prophylactic / therapeutic agent Can be used as a pharmaceutical agent such as an inhibitor of transition from impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof uses MLK3, FGF7, Ptprf, RB1 and Serpine2 (particularly MLK3 and FGF7) as target genes, and promotes the proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells by suppressing the expression of these genes. There is a possibility of preventing or treating diseases such as diabetes.
- inhibitors of MLK3, FGF7, Ptprf, RB1 and Serpine2 are also diabetic (eg, type 1 diabetes, type 2 Diabetes, gestational diabetes, obesity-type diabetes) preventive or therapeutic agent; Glucose intolerance [IGT (Impaired Glucose Tolerance)] preventive / therapeutic agent;
- diabetes is a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration in venous plasma) of 126 mg / dl or more, a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 gOGTT) 2 hour value (venous In this state, the plasma glucose concentration is 200 mg / dl or higher, and the blood glucose level (glucose concentration in venous plasma) is 200 mg / dl or higher as needed.
- blood glucose level glucose concentration in venous plasma
- a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration in venous plasma) is less than 110 mg / dl or a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75 g OGTT) 2 hour value (glucose concentration in venous plasma) is 140 mg / dl.
- a state that is not “a state indicating less than dl” (normal type) is referred to as a “boundary type”.
- ADA American Diabetes Society
- WHO World Health Organization
- diabetes is fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration in venous plasma) of 126 mg / dl or higher, or 75 g oral glucose tolerance test 2 hour value (in venous plasma).
- the glucose concentration is 200 mg / dl or more.
- impaired glucose tolerance is a state in which the 2-hour value of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (glucose concentration in venous plasma) is 140 mg / dl or more and less than 200 mg / dl.
- IFG Impaired Fasting Glucose
- WHO calls this IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose) an IFG (Impaired Fasting Glycaemia) with a fasting blood glucose level (glucose concentration in venous plasma) of 110 mg / dl or more and less than 126 mg / dl.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention is also used as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for diabetes, borderline type, impaired glucose tolerance, IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose) and IFG (Impaired Fasting Glycaemia) determined by the above criteria.
- the compound of the present invention can also prevent progression from borderline type, glucose intolerance, IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose) or IFG (Impaired Fasting Glycaemia) to diabetes.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention is a diabetic complication [eg, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cataract, macrovascular disorder, osteopenia, diabetic hyperosmotic coma, infection (eg , Respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, skin soft tissue infection, lower limb infection), diabetic gangrene, xerostomia, hearing loss, cerebrovascular disorder, peripheral blood circulation disorder], diabetic evil It can also be used as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for liquid quality, insulin resistance syndrome and the like.
- a diabetic complication eg, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cataract, macrovascular disorder, osteopenia, diabetic hyperosmotic coma, infection (eg , Respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, skin soft tissue infection, lower limb infection), diabetic gangrene, xerostomia, hearing loss, cerebrovascular disorder, peripheral blood circulation disorder
- diabetic evil can also
- the polynucleotide of the present invention, or a salt thereof can be used as a medicament (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “medicament of the present invention”) orally or parenterally as it is or with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier. Can be administered.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof can be formulated as a biological preparation, a liposome preparation, an emulsion, or a microemulsion preparation.
- the medicament of the present invention can be manufactured using a manufacturing method known per se (for example, a method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia) generally used in the field of pharmaceutical technology.
- excipients for example, a method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia
- binders disintegrants
- lubricants sweeteners
- surfactants suspending agents
- emulsifiers dispersion aids
- thickeners that are usually used in the pharmaceutical technology field as necessary.
- An appropriate amount of an additive such as a diluent, a penetration enhancer, a composition for complexing the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof, a local delivery agent, and the like can be appropriately contained.
- Examples of the dosage form for oral administration of the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof include tablets (including sugar-coated tablets, film-coated tablets, sublingual tablets, buccal tablets, and intraoral quick-disintegrating tablets), pills, and granules.
- Tablets including sugar-coated tablets, film-coated tablets, sublingual tablets, buccal tablets, and intraoral quick-disintegrating tablets
- pills and granules.
- the medicament of the present invention is an oral formulation administered in combination with one or more penetration enhancers.
- the penetration enhancer include fatty acids or esters or salts thereof; bile acids or salts thereof.
- Preferred examples of bile acids or salts thereof include chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ursodeoxychenodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), cholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glucholic acid, glycolic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, Taurodeoxycholic acid, tauro-24,25-dihydro-fusidic acid sodium, glycodihydrofusidic acid or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof (for example, sodium salt).
- DCA chenodeoxycholic acid
- UDCA ursodeoxychenodeoxycholic acid
- cholic acid dehydrocholic acid
- deoxycholic acid deoxycholic acid
- glucholic acid glycolic acid
- fatty acids or esters or salts thereof include arachidonic acid, undecanoic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, dicaprate, tricaprate Monoolein, dilaurin, glyceryl 1-monocaprate, 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one, acylcarnitine, acylcholine, monoglyceride, diglyceride, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene-20-cetyl ether, Or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof (for example, sodium salt).
- penetration enhancers eg, fatty acids or salts thereof in combination with bile acids or salts thereof
- One preferred combination is the sodium salt of lauric acid, capric acid and UDCA.
- an excipient, a binder, a disintegrant, a lubricant, etc. can be used, and when produced into a pill and a granule, Excipients, binders, disintegrants and the like can be used.
- Excipients, binders, disintegrants and the like can be used.
- when producing powders and capsules, excipients, etc. when producing syrups, sweeteners, etc., when producing emulsions or suspensions, suspending agents, surfactants An emulsifier or the like can be used.
- excipients include lactose, sucrose, glucose, starch, sucrose, microcrystalline cellulose, licorice powder, mannitol, sodium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate, and calcium sulfate.
- binders include 5-10 wt% starch paste, 10-20 wt% gum arabic or gelatin solution, 1-5 wt% tragacanth solution, carboxymethylcellulose solution, sodium alginate solution, glycerin.
- disintegrant include starch and calcium carbonate.
- lubricants include magnesium stearate, stearic acid, calcium stearate, and purified talc.
- sweeteners include glucose, fructose, invert sugar, sorbitol, xylitol, glycerin, and simple syrup.
- surfactant include sodium lauryl sulfate, polysorbate 80, sorbitan monofatty acid ester, and polyoxyl 40 stearate.
- suspending agent include gum arabic, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, and bentonite.
- emulsifiers include gum arabic, tragacanth, gelatin, and polysorbate 80.
- compositions for complexing the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof can be used.
- compositions include: poly-amino acids; polyimines; polyacrylates; polyalkyl acrylates, polyoxyethanes, polyalkyl cyanoacrylates; cationized gelatin, albumin, starch, acrylate, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and starch; Cyanoacrylates; DEAE-derivatized polyimines, pullulans, celluloses and starches.
- compositions include chitosan, N-trimethylchitosan, poly-L-lysine, polyhistidine, polyornithine, polyspermine, protamine, polyvinylpyridine, polythiodiethylaminomethylethylene P (TDAE), polyamino (eg, p-amino ) Styrene, polymethyl cyanoacrylate, polyethyl cyanoacrylate, polybutyl cyanoacrylate, polyisobutyl cyanoacrylate, polyisohexyl cyanoacrylate, DEAE-methacrylate, DEAE-hexyl acrylate, DEAE-acrylamide, DEAE-albumin and DEAE-dextran, Polymethyl acrylate, polyhexyl acrylate, poly D, L-lactic acid, poly DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), Argi Over bets, and polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- TDAE polythiodiethylamino
- the oral preparation containing the polynucleotide of the present invention can be produced according to the method described in US Pat. No. 6,887,906, US Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0027780 and US Pat. No. 6,747,014, or a method analogous thereto. .
- Examples of the dosage form when the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof is administered parenterally include, for example, injections, infusions, drops, suppositories, transdermal patches, ointments, lotions, creams, drops. Agents, sprays, and powders.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof can be used with a suitable base (eg, butyric acid polymer, glycolic acid polymer, butyric acid-glycolic acid copolymer, butyric acid polymer and glycolic acid polymer). Combinations with mixtures and polyglycerol fatty acid esters) can also be used as sustained-release preparations.
- intravenous injections In addition to intravenous injections, subcutaneous injections, intradermal injections, intramuscular injections, intravenous infusions, etc. are included as injections, and iontophoretic transdermal agents are included as sustained-release preparations .
- Such an injection is prepared by a method known per se, that is, by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof in a sterile aqueous or oily solution.
- Aqueous solutions for injection include isotonic solutions (eg, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, sodium chloride) containing physiological saline, glucose and other adjuvants, and suitable solubilizers such as You may use together with alcohol (for example, ethanol), polyalcohol (for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), and a nonionic surfactant (for example, polysorbate 80, HCO-50).
- alcohol for example, ethanol
- polyalcohol for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol
- a nonionic surfactant for example, polysorbate 80, HCO-50.
- examples of the oily liquid include sesame oil and soybean oil.
- benzyl benzoate As a solubilizing agent, benzyl benzoate, benzyl alcohol and the like may be used in combination. Buffers (eg, phosphate buffer, sodium acetate buffer), soothing agents (eg, benzalkonium chloride, procaine hydrochloride), stabilizers (eg, human serum albumin, polyethylene glycol), preservatives (eg, , Benzyl alcohol, phenol) and the like.
- Buffers eg, phosphate buffer, sodium acetate buffer
- soothing agents eg, benzalkonium chloride, procaine hydrochloride
- stabilizers eg, human serum albumin, polyethylene glycol
- preservatives eg, , Benzyl alcohol, phenol
- the medicament of the present invention can be formulated as an injection.
- the infusate included sterile aqueous solutions and sterile aqueous solutions with buffers, diluents and other suitable additives such as penetration enhancers, carrier compounds and other pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients, etc.
- An aqueous solution may be contained.
- the infusate can also be used for local administration (intrapancreatic administration).
- lipids eg, dioleoylphosphatidyl DOPE ethanolamine, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine DMPC, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol DMPG, dioleoyltetramethylaminoprolyl DOTAP and dioleoylphosphatidylethanol.
- Amine DOTMA phosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol or dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
- fatty acids and fatty acid esters eg arachidonic acid, oleic acid, eicosanoic acid, lauric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid
- liposome used in the present invention means a vesicle composed of amphiphilic lipids arranged in a spherical bilayer or monolayer, monolayer, micelle, bilayer. , And vesicles.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention, or a salt thereof, may be encapsulated in liposomes or may form a complex with liposomes (particularly cationic liposomes).
- polynucleotide of the present invention may form a complex with a lipid (particularly, a cationic lipid).
- a preparation for topical administration can be produced, for example, according to the method described in US Pat. No. 6,747,014 or the like.
- liposomes used when the pharmaceutical of the present invention is formulated as a liposome preparation include (aa) cationic liposome, (bb) anionic liposome, (cc) nonionic liposome, (dd) “sterically stable. Encapsulated “liposomes, liposomes containing (ee) glycolipids, (ff) liposomes containing lipids derivatized with hydrophilic polymers, (gg) transfersomes, (hh) SNALPs.
- Examples of the above (aa) cationic liposome include liposomes used in Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 1987, 147, and 980-985.
- nonionic liposomes examples include Novasome TM I (glyceryl dilaurate / cholesterol / polyoxyethylene-10-stearyl ether) and Novasome TM II (glyceryl distearate / cholesterol / polyoxyethylene-10-stearyl ether) (Hu et al. STPPharma. Sci., 1994, 4, 6, 466).
- a portion of the vesicle-forming lipid portion of the liposome comprises one or more glycolipids such as (dd-1) monosialoganglioside G m1 , or (Dd-2) Liposomes derivatized with one or more hydrophilic polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) moieties.
- the liposome has the advantage of prolonging the period in which the medicament of the present invention is present in the circulating blood.
- (ee) as an example of liposomes containing glycolipids, (ee-1) monosialoganglioside G m1, liposomes including galactocerebroside sulfate and phosphatidylinositol, and (ee-2) sphingomyelin, ganglioside G m1 or galactocerebroside sulfate Liposomes containing esters (US Pat. No. 4,837,028 and WO 88/04924).
- esters US Pat. No. 4,837,028 and WO 88/04924
- liposomes containing lipids derivatized with (ff) hydrophilic polymers examples include (ff-1) liposomes containing nonionic surfactants containing PEG moieties (Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1980, 53, 2778), (ff-2) liposomes derivatized with polystyrene polymer hydrophilic polymer glycol (FEBS Lett., 1984, 167, 79), (ff-3) carboxyl of polyalkylene glycol (eg PEG) Liposomes containing synthetic phospholipids modified by group attachment (US Pat. Nos.
- Liposomes containing PEG can be produced, for example, according to the method described in US Pat. Nos. 6,049,094; 6,224,903; 6,270,806; 6,471,326; 6,958,241, or the like.
- SNALPs examples include SPLP (including pSPLP (International Publication No. 00/03683)) and SNALP.
- SNALPs and SPLPs may further include cationic lipids, non-cationic lipids, and optionally lipids that prevent particle aggregation (eg, PEG-lipid conjugates).
- iv intravenous
- Preparations containing SNALPs are, for example, the methods described in, for example, US Pat. Nos. 5,976,567; 5,981,501; 6,534,484; 6,586,410; 6,815,432; and International Publication No. 96/40964. Can be manufactured according to
- the liposome preparation includes monolayers, micelles, bilayers, and vesicles.
- the “liposome” used in the present invention is composed of amphipathic lipids arranged in a spherical bilayer or bilayers.
- amphiphilic lipids are cationic lipids having a pKa of 4-15, preferably containing at least one protonatable group (eg N, N-dioleyl-N, N-dimethylammonium chloride (DODAC)) N, N-distearyl-N, N-dimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), N- (1- (2,3-dioleoyloxy) propyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP), N- (1- (2,3-dioleoyloxy) propyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA), N, N-dimethyl-2,3-dioleoyloxypropylamine (DODMA), 1 , 2-Dilinoleyloxy-N, N-dimethylaminopropane (DLinDMA), 1,2-Dilinolenyloxy-N, N-dimethyl group (
- Each X a and X b is independently C 1-6 alkylene; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; Each R is independently H,
- lipid represented by these is mentioned.
- amphiphilic lipids include non-cationic lipids (anionic lipids or neutral lipids) (eg distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC), dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), dipalmitoyl phosphat Fattydylcholine (DPPC), Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), Dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), Dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), Palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), Palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine PO (POPE), dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine 4- (N-maleimidomethyl) -cyclohexane-l-carboxylate (DOPE-mal), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine DP (DPPE) ,
- amphiphilic lipids examples include PEG-diacylglycerol (DAG), PEG-dialkyloxypropyl (DAA) (eg, PEG-dilauryloxypropyl (C12), PEG-dimyristyloxypropyl (C14), And polyethylene glycol (PEG) -lipids including PEG-dipalmityloxypropyl (C16), PEG-distearyloxypropyl (C18)), PEG-phospholipid, PEG-ceramide (Cer), and mixtures thereof.
- DAG PEG-diacylglycerol
- DAA PEG-dialkyloxypropyl
- PEG PEG-dilauryloxypropyl
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- PEG PEG-lipids including PEG-dipalmityloxypropyl (C16), PEG-distearyloxypropyl (C18)), PEG
- the liposome preparation may contain a lipid that prevents aggregation of particles (eg, a steroid such as cholesterol).
- a lipid that prevents aggregation of particles eg, a steroid such as cholesterol.
- Liposomes obtained from natural phospholipids are biodegradable and biocompatible; liposomes are a wide range of water-soluble and fat-soluble drugs. Liposomes can protect drugs encapsulated in their internal compartments from metabolism and degradation (Rosoff, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, volume 1, p. 245); increased accumulation of the polynucleotide of the present invention, or a salt thereof, at a desired target; Can be mentioned.
- the medicament of the present invention can be formulated as an emulsion.
- the emulsion may contain surfactants, natural emulsifiers, absorbent bases, finely dispersed solids, preservatives, antioxidants, etc. (Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, volume 1, p. 199).
- surfactant known surfactants can be used (Rieger, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, volume 1, p.
- emulsifier examples include lanolin, beeswax, phosphatides, lecithin, and acacia.
- preservative examples include methyl paraben, propyl paraben, quaternary ammonium salt, benzalkonium chloride, ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and boric acid.
- antioxidants examples include free radical scavengers such as tocopherol, alkyl gallate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, reducing agents such as ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite, citric acid, tartaric acid, and lecithin Is mentioned.
- free radical scavengers such as tocopherol, alkyl gallate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene
- reducing agents such as ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite, citric acid, tartaric acid, and lecithin Is mentioned.
- Orally administrable emulsions are easy to formulate and effective from the standpoint of absorption and bioavailability (Rosoff, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, volume 1, p. 245; Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, volume 1, p. 199).
- the medicament of the present invention can be formulated as a microemulsion formulation.
- the microemulsion formulation may contain oil, water, surfactant, cosurfactant and / or electrolyte.
- the surfactant include ionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, bridge 96, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyglycerol fatty acid ester, tetraglycerol monolaurate (ML310), tetraglycerol monooleate ( MO310), hexaglycerol monooleate (PO310), hexaglycerol pentaoleate (PO500), decaglycerol monocaprate (MCA750), decaglycerol monooleate (MO750), decaglycerol sesquioleate (SO750), decaglycerol deca Oleate (DAO750) may include, but is not limited to, alone or in combination with a cosurfactant.
- cosurfactant examples include short chain alcohols such as ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol.
- the cosurfactant penetrates into the surfactant film, resulting in a disordered film due to the space created between the surfactant molecules.
- the film serves to increase interfacial fluidity.
- microemulsion formulations may be prepared without the use of cosurfactants, and self-emulsifying microemulsion formulation systems that do not contain alcohol are known in the art.
- aqueous phase examples include water, aqueous drug solutions, glycerol, PEG300, PEG400, polyglycerol, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol derivatives.
- the above oils include Captex 300, Captex 355, Capmul MCM, fatty acid esters, medium chain (C 8 -C 12 ) mono, di, and triglycerides, polyoxyethylated glyceryl fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, polyglycolized glycerides, saturated Polyglycolized C 8 -C 10 glycerides, vegetable oils as well as silicone oils.
- a microemulsion formulation is prepared by first dispersing oil in an aqueous surfactant solution and then adding a medium chain alcohol or the like to form a transparent system.
- microemulsion preparation is effective from the viewpoint of solubilization of the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof and enhancement of absorption of the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof.
- Microemulsion preparations are effective in that they are easier to administer orally than solid dosage forms, have superior clinical efficacy, and can reduce toxicity (Constantinides et al., Pharmaceutical Research, 1994, 11, 1385; Ho et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 1996, 85, 138-143).
- the ratio of lipid to polynucleotide is from about 1: 1 to about 50: 1, from about 1: 1 to about 25: 1, from about 3: 1 to about 15. 1: about 4: 1 to about 10: 1, about 5: 1 to about 9: 1, or about 6: 1 to about 9: 1.
- the content of the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof in the medicament of the present invention varies depending on the form of the preparation, but is usually about 0.01% by weight or more and less than 100% by weight with respect to the whole preparation, preferably About 2 to about 85% by weight, more preferably about 5 to about 70% by weight.
- the content of the additive in the medicament of the present invention varies depending on the form of the preparation, but is usually about 1 to about 99.9% by weight, preferably about 10 to about 90% by weight based on the whole preparation. is there.
- the polynucleotides of the invention can also be delivered to target cells or tissues by biological techniques.
- the target cell is not particularly limited as long as it is a cell of a mammal (eg, human, mouse, rat, rabbit, sheep, pig, cow, cat, dog, monkey) that naturally expresses the polynucleotide of the present invention. Human cells are used.
- Examples of the target tissue include islets containing pancreatic ⁇ cells, pancreas, lung, bladder, placenta, mammary gland, and colon.
- biological techniques include, but are not limited to, the use of viral vectors.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention is delivered to liver cells and pancreatic cells using, for example, viral vectors (for example, adenovirus and herpes virus vectors).
- viral vectors for example, adenovirus and herpes virus vectors.
- Viral vectors that express the polynucleotides of the invention can be made by standard molecular biology techniques.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof can be safely administered to mammals (eg, humans, mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, pigs, cows, cats, dogs, monkeys) with stable and low toxicity. it can.
- the daily dose varies depending on the patient's condition, body weight, type of polynucleotide, route of administration, etc. For example, when administered orally to a patient for the purpose of treating diabetes, an adult (body weight of about 60 kg) per day
- the dose is about 1 to about 1000 mg, preferably about 3 to about 300 mg, more preferably about 10 to about 200 mg as the active ingredient (polynucleotide of the present invention), and these are divided into 1 time or 2 to 3 times. Can be administered.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof is administered parenterally, it is usually administered in the form of a liquid (for example, an injection).
- a liquid for example, an injection
- the dose per administration varies depending on the administration subject, target organ, symptom, administration method, and the like.
- it is usually about 0.01 to about 100 mg per kg body weight, preferably about 0. It is convenient to administer 0.01 to about 50 mg, more preferably about 0.01 to about 20 mg by intravenous injection.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof can be used in combination with other drugs, specifically, other diabetes preventive or therapeutic agents, or pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agents.
- diabetes preventive or therapeutic agents include, for example, insulin preparations (eg, animal insulin preparations extracted from bovine and porcine pancreas; human insulin preparations genetically engineered using Escherichia coli and yeast; insulin zinc; protamine insulin zinc A fragment or derivative of insulin (eg, INS-1), an oral insulin preparation), an insulin sensitizer (eg, pioglitazone or a salt thereof (preferably hydrochloride), rosiglitazone or a salt thereof (preferably maleic acid) Salt), metagridacene, AMG-131, baraglitazone, MBX-2044, riboglitazone, aleglitazal, tiglitazar, lobeglitazone, PLX-204, PN-2034, GFT-505, THR-0921; WO
- pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agents include dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (eg, alogliptin or a salt thereof (preferably benzoate), vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, BI1356, GRC8200, MP-513, PF-00734200 , PHX1149, SK-0403, ALS2-0426, TA-6666, TS-021, KRP-104, 2-[[6-[(3R) -3-amino-1-piperidinyl] -3,4-dihydro-3 -Methyl-2,4-dioxo-1 (2H) -pyrimidinyl] methyl] -4-fluorobenzonitrile or its salt), GLP-1 receptor agonist (eg, GLP-1, GLP-1MR agent, liraglutide, exenatide , AVE-0010, BIM-51077, Aib
- pancreatic ⁇ cells The polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof has an activity of promoting the growth of pancreatic ⁇ cells.
- the pancreatic ⁇ cells include pancreatic ⁇ cells of mammals (eg, mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, cow, sheep, monkey, human). Therefore, the polynucleotide of the present invention, or a salt thereof, is a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent in mammals; a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent before islet transplantation; a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferation aid after islet transplantation; and the treatment of pancreatitis Useful as an agent.
- the proliferation activity of the pancreatic ⁇ cells of the polynucleotide can be measured by the method described in detail above in accordance with the method described in Examples described later.
- the pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent containing the polynucleotide of the present invention or a salt thereof can be produced in the same manner as the pharmaceutical of the present invention described above, and can be safely administered to mammals.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention has the activity of promoting the proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells, and therefore promotes the expression of the polynucleotide of the present invention in the cells.
- the substance also promotes the proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells and is effective in preventing or treating diseases such as diabetes. Accordingly, the present invention proliferates pancreatic ⁇ cells, characterized in that the expression of the polynucleotide in cells capable of expressing the polynucleotide of the present invention is compared in the presence and absence of the test substance.
- the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention is determined by the nucleic acid probe or nucleic acid primer that specifically detects the polynucleotide of the present invention (for example, a polynucleotide that can hybridize with the polynucleotide of the present invention under highly stringent conditions (ie, A nucleic acid comprising a base sequence encoding the polynucleotide of the present invention or a part thereof, or a base sequence complementary to the base sequence encoding the polynucleotide of the present invention or a part thereof)) It can measure by detecting.
- the nucleic acid probe or nucleic acid primer that specifically detects the polynucleotide of the present invention (for example, a polynucleotide that can hybridize with the polynucleotide of the present invention under highly stringent conditions (ie, A nucleic acid comprising a base sequence encoding the polynucleotide of the present invention or
- the present invention comprises culturing cells capable of expressing the polynucleotide of the present invention in the presence and absence of the test substance, and the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention under both conditions Is measured and compared using a nucleic acid probe or nucleic acid primer that specifically detects the polynucleotide of the present invention, or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent or a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes (or their (Candidate substance) screening method (hereinafter may be referred to as “screening method of the present invention”).
- Examples of the cells having the ability to express the polynucleotide of the present invention include mammals that endogenously express the polynucleotide of the present invention (for example, human, mouse, rat, rabbit, sheep, pig, cow, cat, dog, Although it is not particularly limited as long as it is a monkey cell, for example, human pancreatic ⁇ cells are used.
- a tissue containing cells having the ability to express the polynucleotide of the present invention may be used.
- Examples of the tissue include islets containing pancreatic ⁇ cells, pancreas, lung, bladder, placenta, mammary gland, and colon.
- As the tissue preferably used islet, pancreas and the like containing pancreatic ⁇ cells.
- cells and tissues derived from non-human animals they may be isolated from the living body and cultured, or the test substance is administered to the living body, and the cells and tissues are isolated after a certain period of time. Also good.
- test substance examples include proteins, peptides, non-peptidic compounds, synthetic compounds, fermentation products, cell extracts, plant extracts, animal tissue extracts, and the like. It may be a well-known one.
- compound libraries prepared using combinatorial chemistry techniques, random peptide libraries prepared by solid phase synthesis or phage display methods, and the like are also suitable test substances.
- the measurement of the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention can be specifically performed as follows.
- a test substance is administered to non-human mammals (eg, mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, pigs, cattle, cats, dogs, monkeys, birds).
- a biological sample containing cells that naturally express the polynucleotide of the present invention such as pancreas is collected.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention expressed in cells contained in the obtained biological sample can be prepared, for example, by preparing an RNA extract containing microRNA from cells or the like by a normal method, and then subjecting the obtained RNA extract to RT-PCR. It can be quantified by subjecting it to a nucleic acid array, Northern blot analysis or the like.
- (Ii) When culturing mammalian cells (eg, pancreatic ⁇ cells) expressing the polynucleotide of the present invention in vitro according to a conventional method, a test substance is added to the medium, and after culturing for a certain period of time, it is contained in the cells.
- the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention can be determined by quantification and analysis using techniques such as RT-PCR, nucleic acid array, Northern blot analysis and the like.
- the change in the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention by the test substance is correlated with the activity of proliferating pancreatic ⁇ cells or the activity of preventing or treating diabetes.
- the substance that promotes the expression of the polynucleotide of the present invention can be selected as a substance that proliferates pancreatic ⁇ cells and a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes (or a candidate substance thereof).
- the substance selected in the above step has an activity of proliferating pancreatic ⁇ cells (including an activity of promoting proliferation), or can prevent or treat diabetes.
- the presence or absence of the activity of proliferating pancreatic ⁇ cells can be determined by, for example, culturing mammalian pancreatic ⁇ cells in vitro in the presence and absence of a test substance,
- the degree of proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells can be determined by measuring and comparing using a method known per se such as an MTT assay.
- the presence or absence of activity for preventing or treating diabetes is determined by, for example, administering a test substance to a diabetes model non-human mammal, and after a predetermined time has elapsed since administration, diabetes such as blood glucose level in the non-human mammal. Can be determined by evaluating the symptom and comparing it with the case where the test substance is not administered.
- diabetes model non-human mammals examples include KK mice (eg, KK / Ta mice, KK / Snk mice), KK-A y mice (eg, KK-A y / Ta mice), C57BL / KsJ db / db Examples include mouse, C57BL / 6J db / db mouse, ob / ob mouse, type 2 diabetes model mouse such as high fat diet-fed mouse, and type 2 diabetes model rat such as GK rat, ZDF rat, and high fat diet loaded rat. .
- diabetes model non-human mammals include type 1 diabetes model animals such as streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetes model animals and multiple low doses of STZ models.
- STZ streptozotocin
- test substance that has been confirmed to have an activity of proliferating pancreatic ⁇ cells and / or an activity of preventing or treating diabetes is used as a substance that proliferates pancreatic ⁇ cells, an agent for preventing or treating diabetes (or candidate substances thereof) ) Can be selected.
- the substance selected by the screening method of the present invention is a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent; a preventive or therapeutic agent for diabetes (eg, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, obese diabetes); glucose intolerance [IGT ( Impaired Glucose Tolerance)], or an inhibitor of the transition from impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes (or a candidate substance thereof).
- a preventive or therapeutic agent for diabetes eg, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, obese diabetes
- glucose intolerance eg, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, obese diabetes
- IIGT Impaired Glucose Tolerance
- the substance selected by the screening method of the present invention is a diabetic complication [eg, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cataract, macrovascular disorder, osteopenia, diabetic hyperosmotic coma, infection ( Eg, respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, skin soft tissue infection, leg infection), diabetic gangrene, xerostomia, hearing loss, cerebrovascular disorder, peripheral blood circulation disorder], diabetes It is also useful as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent (or candidate substance thereof) for sexual cachexia and insulin resistance syndrome.
- a diabetic complication eg, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cataract, macrovascular disorder, osteopenia, diabetic hyperosmotic coma, infection ( Eg, respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, skin soft tissue infection, leg infection), diabetic gangrene, xerostomia, hearing loss, cerebrovascular disorder, peripheral blood circulation disorder
- diabetes is also useful as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent (
- the substance selected by the screening method of the present invention can be formulated in the same manner as the pharmaceutical of the present invention described above. Since the preparation thus obtained is safe and has low toxicity, for example, mammals (eg, humans, rats, mice, hamsters, rabbits, sheep, goats, pigs, cows, horses, cats, dogs, monkeys, chimpanzees) ).
- mammals eg, humans, rats, mice, hamsters, rabbits, sheep, goats, pigs, cows, horses, cats, dogs, monkeys, chimpanzees
- ⁇ 4> Use for determining sensitivity to preventive or therapeutic agent for diabetes, etc. Since the polynucleotide of the present invention, or a salt thereof, has an activity of promoting the proliferation of pancreatic ⁇ cells, the preventive or therapeutic agent for diabetes or pancreatic ⁇ cell proliferation
- the patient's cells are brought into contact with a diabetes preventive or therapeutic agent or pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent to be administered, the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention in the cell is measured, and the expression
- the sensitivity of the patient to the prophylactic or therapeutic agent for pancreatic or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent can be determined.
- the present invention compares the expression of the polynucleotide in cells capable of expressing the polynucleotide of the present invention in the presence and absence of a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent.
- a method for determining sensitivity to a preventive or therapeutic agent for diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “determination method of the present invention”.
- the present invention comprises culturing cells having the ability to express the polynucleotide of the present invention in the presence and absence of a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent under both conditions.
- a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes or pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferation characterized in that the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention is measured and compared using a nucleic acid probe or nucleic acid primer that specifically detects the polynucleotide of the present invention.
- a method of determining sensitivity to a drug is provided.
- a cell having the ability to express the polynucleotide of the present invention a subject (human or other mammals) who is scheduled to administer a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent.
- a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent for example, mouse, rat, rabbit, sheep, pig, cow, cat, dog, monkey)
- the cell is a cell that naturally expresses the polynucleotide of the present invention (eg, pancreatic ⁇ cell) or a biological sample (eg, islet, pancreas, lung, bladder, placenta, mammary gland, colon) containing the same.
- pancreatic ⁇ cells are preferably used.
- cells, tissues, etc. derived from mammals they may be isolated from the living body and cultured, or a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent is administered to the living body, and after a certain period of time, Cells and biological samples containing them may be isolated.
- diabetes preventive or therapeutic agents examples include those exemplified above as diabetes preventive or therapeutic agents.
- pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agents examples include those exemplified above as preventive or therapeutic agents for diabetes.
- the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention in the determination method of the present invention can be measured as follows.
- a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent for example, to a human or non-human mammal (for example, mouse, rat, rabbit, sheep, pig, cow, cat, dog, monkey, bird)
- a biological sample containing cells that endogenously express the polynucleotide of the present invention such as islets and pancreas is collected by biopsy or the like.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention expressed in cells contained in a collected biological sample is quantified by, for example, extracting RNA containing miRNA from cells and the like by a normal method and using techniques such as RT-PCR and nucleic acid array. Or can be quantified by Northern blot analysis known per se.
- a mammalian cell eg, pancreatic ⁇ cell
- a preventive or therapeutic agent for diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ cell proliferating agent is added to the medium, After culturing for a certain period of time, the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention contained in the cells can be quantified and analyzed using a technique such as RT-PCR, nucleic acid array, or Northern blot analysis.
- the above analysis correlates a change in the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention with a preventive or therapeutic agent for diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent and sensitivity to the prophylactic or therapeutic agent for pancreatic diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent. And based on the positive correlation between the change in the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention and the sensitivity to the prophylactic or therapeutic agent or pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent for diabetes, the prophylactic or therapeutic agent for pancreatic or pancreatic ⁇ cells Sensitivity to proliferative drugs is determined.
- the subject has sensitivity to the prophylactic or therapeutic agent for pancreatic diabetes or the pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferative agent. (That is, the prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes or the pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent is likely to be effective for the subject).
- the subject may not be sensitive to the diabetes preventive or therapeutic agent or pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent (that is, the subject) It can be determined that a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent may be ineffective for a subject).
- the greater the range of promotion of the expression level of the polynucleotide of the present invention the higher the possibility that the subject has sensitivity to the diabetes preventive or therapeutic agent or pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent. .
- the determination method of the present invention When the determination method of the present invention is used, the prevention or treatment of diabetes or pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferation or pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferation that can be expected to be effective for patients in determining the administration plan of pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferation drug or drug selection It becomes possible to determine the drug.
- a polypeptide comprising the following base sequence can also be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes, a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferating agent, and a method for screening for a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes, in the same manner as the polynucleotide of the present invention. In addition, it can be used in a method for determining sensitivity to a preventive or therapeutic agent for diabetes.
- ⁇ A> a base sequence having 70% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- ⁇ B> a continuous partial sequence of 5 nucleotides or more contained in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- ⁇ C> A base sequence complementary to the base sequences ⁇ A> and ⁇ B> above.
- the base sequence of ⁇ A> is 70% or more and less than 90%, preferably 75% or more and less than 90%, preferably 80% or more and less than 90%, 85% with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4 It has a homology (ie identity) of less than 90%.
- a base in which 3, 4, 5 or 6 bases are deleted, substituted, added or inserted in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4 Sequences are included.
- Examples of the base sequence include (i) a base sequence in which 3, 4, 5 or 6 bases are deleted from the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 1 A base sequence in which 3, 4, 5 or 6 bases are added to the base sequence represented by 2, 3 or 4; (iii) 3 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4; A base sequence in which 4, 5 or 6 bases are inserted; (iv) 3, 4, 5 or 6 bases in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4 are other bases And (v) a base sequence obtained by combining these mutations (however, the total number of bases to be deleted, substituted, added or inserted is 3, 4, 5 or 6). it can.
- the base sequence includes a mutation (deletion, substitution, addition or insertion) as described above, the position of the mutation is not particularly limited.
- the length of the partial sequence ⁇ B> is at least 5 nucleotides or more, preferably 7 nucleotides or more, 10 nucleotides or more, 12 nucleotides or more, 15 nucleotides or more, or 17 nucleotides or more.
- the position in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the partial sequence ⁇ B> is not limited as long as the polynucleotide has an activity of promoting the proliferation of mammalian pancreatic ⁇ cells.
- Examples of the position in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, or 4 of the partial sequence of ⁇ B> are the 3 ′ end of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3, or 4, or 5 'The end is raised.
- a polynucleotide of the present invention comprising the partial sequence ⁇ B>
- a polynucleotide comprising a continuous partial sequence of 5 nucleotides or more contained in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 3 or 4 Mention may be made of nucleotides.
- the base sequence ⁇ C> is completely complementary to the base sequence ⁇ A> or ⁇ B>.
- RNA Ribonucleic acid miRNA: microRNA RT-PCR: Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction BrdU: 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine
- sequence numbers in the sequence listing in the present specification indicate the following sequences.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 base sequence of mmu-miR-199b * (SEQ ID NO: 2) base sequence of mmu-miR-199b (SEQ ID NO: 3) base sequence of mmu-miR-199a-5p (SEQ ID NO: 4)
- Base sequence of hsa-miR-199b-5p SEQ ID NO: 5
- base sequence of precursor mmu-miR-199b SEQ ID NO: 6
- base sequence of precursor hsa-miR-199b base sequence of precursor hsa-miR-199b (SEQ ID NO: 7) precursor mmu- base sequence of miR-199a-1 (SEQ ID NO: 8) precursor sequence of mmu-miR-199a-2 (SEQ ID NO: 9) base sequence of precursor hsa-miR-199a-1 (SEQ ID NO: 10) precursor hsa -miR-
- Example 1 A 0.7 mg / ml collagenaseP solution (Roche Diagnostics, Cat.11914428) was injected into the pancreas of male Wistar rats (9-12 weeks old) from the common bile duct, and the pancreas was removed. The isolated spleen was left at 37 ° C. for 20 minutes, and then the pancreatic tissue was crushed by pipetting and washed with HBSS (Invitrogen). Islet cell suspensions were prepared by density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll PM400 (Amersham Biotech). From the above islet cell suspension, rat primary cultured islet cells were obtained using an enzyme solution for nerve cell dispersion (Nerve-Cell Culture System).
- the rat primary cultured islet cells were suspended in DMEM (Invitrogen) containing 11 mM glucose, 1% horse serum (Invitrogen), 25 mM HEPES (Dojindo), and PS (Invitrogen). Islet cells suspended in DMEM were seeded at a density of 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells / 100 ⁇ l / well in a 96 well plate coated with Matrigel-basement membrane (Becton, Dickinson and Company).
- 10 nM Pre-miR Neg control # 1 purchased from ABI, ID: AM17110
- 10 ⁇ M BrdU was added to the DMEM 24 hours after the transfection. The medium was changed.
- Table 1 shows the ID of Pre-miR miRNA Precursor and the base sequence of mature miRNA used in Example 1 and Example 2 described later.
- the expression level of mmu-miR-199b * was significantly increased in a Pre-miR miRNA-Precursor concentration-dependent manner.
- Example 2 Pre-miR miRNA Precursor (purchased from ABI, ID: PM10526) expressing hmu-miR-199b * at a final concentration of 2.5-50 nM in rat primary cultured islet cells prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, hsa-miR Pre-miR miRNA Precursor expressing -199a-3p (purchased from ABI, ID: PM11779), Pre-miR miRNA Precursor expressing hsa-miR-199a-5p (purchased from ABI, ID: PM10893), hsa Pre-miR miRNA Precursor expressing -miR-199b-5p (purchased from ABI, ID: PM10553) or 10 nM Pre-miR Neg control # 1 (purchased from ABI, ID: AM17110) The proliferation promoting activity of pancreatic ⁇ cells was evaluated 5 days after the transfection.
- pancreatic ⁇ cells were evaluated as follows. That is, 5 days after the transfection, rat primary cultured islet cells were immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) for 30 minutes at room temperature, and then immersed in 1.5 N HCl solution for 1 hour. Subsequently, the cells were immersed in PBS (Invitrogen) containing 10% normal goat serum (GIBCO) (hereinafter referred to as NGS) and 0.2% Triton X-100 (Sigma) at room temperature for 20 minutes.
- PBS Invitrogen
- NGS normal goat serum
- Triton X-100 Triton X-100
- a 200-fold diluted solution of guinea pig polyclonal anti-insulin antibody (ABCAM) and mouse monoclonal anti-BrdU antibody (Dako) in PBS containing 1% NGS was reacted overnight at 4 ° C, and then added to 200 ⁇ l / well of PBS. After washing 3 times, goat anti-guinea pig Alexa fluor 568 (Invitrogen), goat anti-mouse Alexa fluor 488 (Invitrogen) and 5 ⁇ M Hoechst33342 (Invitrogen) diluted 200-fold with PBS containing 1% NGS at room temperature. Reacted for 1 hour.
- FIG. 2 The results obtained from the above analysis are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the number of insulin-positive and BrdU-positive cells significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner due to the expression of mmu-miR-199b *, and a significant increase in the number of insulin-positive cells was observed with 50 ⁇ m treatment. Therefore, it was shown that pancreatic ⁇ cells proliferate by increasing the gene expression of mmu-miR-199b *. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, by expressing hsa-miR-199a-3p, ⁇ hsa-miR-199a-5p or hsa-miR-199b-5p, the number of insulin-positive and BrdU-positive cells was subjected to transfection. Each Pre-miR miRNA Precursor concentration increased significantly, indicating that pancreatic ⁇ cells proliferated in the same manner as mmu-miR-199b *.
- Example 3 As in Example 1, Pre-miR miRNA Precursor (purchased from ABI, ID: PM10526) or 10 nM Pre-expressing mmu-miR-199b * at a final concentration of 2.5-50 nM in rat primary cultured islet cells.
- miR Neg control # 1 purchased from ABI, ID: AM17110 was transfected, and 2 days after the transfection, total RNA was extracted from the islet cells after transfection using RNeasy96 (Qiagen). CDNA was synthesized from the total RNA using PrimeScript RT reagent kit (Takara).
- Quantitative RT-PCR (ABI prism 7900 Sequence Detection System, ABI) was performed using the cDNA, and mRNA expression levels per TATA binding protein (TBP) gene of the cyclin D1 and cyclin E2 genes were calculated. Table 2 shows the probe and primer sequences used in this analysis.
- FIG. 4 As shown in FIG. 4, it was shown that mmu-miR-199b * enhanced the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E2 genes depending on the concentration of introduced precursor miRNA, thereby proliferating pancreatic ⁇ cells.
- mature miR-146b, mature miR-375, and their precursors can also be used as a preventive or therapeutic agent for diabetes or a pancreatic ⁇ -cell proliferative agent, like the polynucleotide of the present invention.
- mature miR-146b, mature miR-375, and precursors thereof can be used for screening for a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes, and for determining sensitivity to a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes.
- a new preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases such as diabetes
- a screening method for a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes or the like, and a method for determining sensitivity to a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes or the like based on a new scientific theory are provided.
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明は糖尿病治療薬等のスクリーニング方法、糖尿病患者の糖尿病治療薬等に対する感受性を判定する方法等に関する。
糖尿病は先進国において5大疾病の1つとなっており、他の国においてもその影響は年々増大している。血糖コントロールを担う膵β細胞は、肥満・妊娠・糖尿病などにより生体内の必要なインスリン量が増すと肥大化や新生、増殖およびアポトーシス抑制によってcell massを増加させて、それに対応することが知られる。現在の糖尿病治療薬は血糖値をコントロールする対症療法が中心となっているため、糖尿病は発症すると根治が困難である。こうした背景から、糖尿病の根治を目指し、膵β細胞の増殖促進効果を主作用とする糖尿病治療薬の開発が期待されている。
近年、種々のmiRNAが動物細胞において発現しており、生物学的に重要な役割を果たしていることが示唆されている。例えばmiR-375は、膵β細胞からグルコース依存的に分泌されるインスリン量を抑制することが報告されている(非特許文献1)。
miR-199b*に関しては、肺癌組織中においてmiR-199b-precの発現量が低下していること(非特許文献2)、骨髄腫細胞株においてmiR-199b-5pがHES1の発現調節を介してNotchシグナルの調節因子として機能すること(非特許文献3)、4-ヒドロキシノネナールによるヒト白血病HL-60細胞の分化時にmiR-199bの発現量が低下すること(非特許文献4)、ヤギ皮膚細胞がmmu-miR-199bを発現していること(非特許文献5)、ヒト絨毛癌細胞においてはmiR-199bの発現量が正常細胞に比して有意に低下していること(非特許文献6)等が報告されている。さらに、miR-199bを用いた乳癌の診断方法(特許文献1)、miR-199b-precを用いた肺癌の診断方法(特許文献2)、hsa-mir-199aを用いた癌の治療方法(特許文献3)等が報告されている。
[1]配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩を含有する、糖尿病の予防又は治療剤。
[2]配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩を含有する、膵β細胞の増殖剤。
[3]哺乳動物に対して、配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩の有効量を投与することを特徴とする、該哺乳動物における糖尿病の予防又は治療方法。
[4]哺乳動物に対して、配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩の有効量を投与することを特徴とする、該哺乳動物における膵β細胞の増殖方法。
[5]糖尿病予防又は治療剤を製造するための、配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩の使用。
[6]膵β細胞の増殖剤を製造するための、配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩の使用。
[7]配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチドの発現量を測定することを特徴とする、糖尿病予防又は治療薬のスクリーニング方法。
[8]配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチドの発現量を測定することを特徴とする、膵β細胞を増殖させる物質のスクリーニング方法。
[9]配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチドの発現量を測定することを特徴とする、糖尿病患者の糖尿病予防又は治療薬感受性を判定するための方法。
[10]配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチドの発現量を測定することを特徴とする、糖尿病患者の膵β細胞増殖薬感受性を判定するための方法。
本明細書においてmiRNAとは、miRNA遺伝子から産生されるプロセンシングされていない(例えば、前駆体)又はプロセシングされた(例えば成熟した)RNA転写物を指す。プロセンシングされていない上記RNA転写物は「前駆体miRNA」または「precursor miRNA」とも称され、通常約70~100塩基から構成される。前駆体miRNAはリボヌクレアーゼ(例えば、ダイサー(Dicer))、アルゴノート(Argonaut)、またはリボヌクレアーゼIII(例えば、大腸菌リボヌクレアーゼIII)で消化されることにより、活性な19~25塩基のRNA分子にプロセンシングされる。本明細書では、この19~25塩基の、活性をもつRNA分子を「成熟miRNA」と称する。ここで成熟miRNAの活性とは、該成熟miRNAと相補的な配列を有する標的mRNAに結合し、該標的mRNAの切断を招来する活性を指す。
(A)配列番号1、2、3又は4で表される塩基配列;
(B)配列番号1、2、3又は4で表される塩基配列と90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列;及び
(C)上記(A)又は(B)の塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列。
上記のように塩基配列が変異(欠失、置換、付加又は挿入)を含む場合、その変異の位置は、特に限定されない。
ポリヌクレオチドの膵β細胞の増殖を促進する活性は、後述の実施例に記載された方法に準じ、例えば、ラット初代培養膵島細胞に終濃度2.5-50 nMの評価対象のポリヌクレオチドをDharmaFECT1(Thermo Scientific)等を用いてトランスフェクションし、評価対象のポリヌクレオチドをトランスフェクションした群とネガティブコントロール群(scrambled miRNAをトランスフェクションした群若しくは評価対象のポリヌクレオチドをトランスフェクションしなかった群)におけるトランスフェクションから5日後の膵β細胞の数を比較することにより測定することができる。
例えば、ネガティブコントロールと比べて、膵β細胞の数を10%以上増加させる活性を「膵β細胞の増殖を促進する活性」と定義することができる。
本発明のポリヌクレオチドのさらに好ましい例として、配列番号1、2、3又は4で表される塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドが挙げられる。
A群:OH;F;O-、S-又はN-アルキル;O-、S-又はN-アルケニル;O-、S-又はN-アルキニル;又はO-[(アルキレン)n-O]m-アルキル(ここで、アルキル、アルキレン、アルケニル及びアルキニルは、置換又は未置換のC1~C10アルキル、C1~C10アルキレン、C2~C10アルケニル及びアルキニルである)。特に好ましいのは、O[(CH2)nO]mCH3、O(CH2)nOCH3、O(CH2)nNH2、O(CH2)nCH3、O(CH2)nONH2及びO(CH2)nO(CH2)mNH2である(ここでn及びmは、1~10(好ましくは1~3)であり、NH2はC1~C6アルキル(例、メチル)でモノまたはジ-置換されていてもよい)。特に好ましい化学的修飾として、メトキシエトキシ(-MOEとしても知られる-O-CH2CH2OCH3)(Martin et al., Helv. Chim. Acta, 1995, 78, 486-504)、ジメチルアミノオキシエトキシ(-DMAOEとしても知られる-O(CH2)2ON(CH3)2)、ジメチルアミノエトキシエトキシ(-DMAEOEとしても知られる-O-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-N(CH3)2)が挙げられる。
前記(b)糖部分の化学的修飾の他の例としては、2’位が以下のB群から選択される1つの置換基に置換される化学的修飾が挙げられる。
B群:C1~C10(低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、アルキルアリール、アラルキル、O-アルキルアリール又はO-アラルキル)、SH、SCH3、OCN、Cl、Br、CN、CF3、OCF3、SOCH3、SO2CH3、ONO2、NO2、N3、NH2、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキルアリール、アミノアルキルアミノ、ポリアルキルアミノ、置換シリル、RNA切断基、レポーター基、挿入剤、ポリヌクレオチドの薬物動態特性を改善する基、又はポリヌクレオチドの薬力学特性を改善する基、並びに、同様の特性を有する他の置換基。
また別の糖部分の化学的修飾の例として、米国特許第6,770,748号に開示されたような糖部分をロックする修飾が挙げられる。
また別の糖部分の化学的修飾の例として、US7217805、WO2003/068795、WO2005/021570、US7569686、WO2009/100320、WO2007/146511、WO2007/143315、WO2007/134181及びWO2007/090071に開示されたような糖部分を架橋する修飾が挙げられる。
上記の糖部分の化学的修飾を有するポリヌクレオチドは、例えば、米国特許第4,981,957;5,118,800;5,319,080;5,359,044;5,393,878;5,446,137;5,466,786;5,514,785;5,519,134;5,567,811;5,576,427;5,591,722;5,597,909;5,610,300;5,627,053;5,639,873;5,646,265;5,658,873;5,670,633;5,700,920等に記載の方法、あるいはこれに準ずる方法にしたがって製造することができる。
これらヌクレオ塩基のあるものは本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩と標的mRNAとの結合アフィニティーを高めるのに特に有用である。
前記(d)ターゲティングフラグメントのコンジュゲートによる修飾を本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩に施すことにより、該ポリヌクレオチドの活性、細胞内分布又は細胞内取込みが亢進される。
例えば、本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩は、PNA化合物のように(Nielsen et al., Science, 1991, 254, 1497-1500)、糖部分とヌクレオシド間骨格中の両方に化学的修飾を含んでいてもよく、そのような修飾をうけた本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩は、ターゲットmRNAとの優れた結合特性を有する。糖部分とヌクレオシド間骨格中の両方に化学的修飾を含んだポリヌクレオチドは、例えば米国特許第5,539,082;5,714,331;及び5,719,262に記載の方法、あるいはこれに準ずる方法にしたがって製造することができる。
上記の活性な1本鎖RNAは、前駆体miRNAから天然のプロセンシング経路により(例えば、細胞溶解産物を用いて)、または合成プロセシング経路により(例えば、単離されたDicer、Argonaut、またはリボヌクレアーゼIIIなどの単離されたプロセシング酵素を用いて)得ることができる。また、上記の活性な1本鎖RNAは生物学的または化学的に作成することもできる。
(1)上記(A)又は(B)の塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA、又は該1本鎖RNAを一方の鎖として含む2本鎖RNA;
(2)第1の塩基配列(配列番号1、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列、又は該塩基配列と90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列)を含む1本鎖RNA、及び
第2の塩基配列(配列番号2で表される塩基配列又は該塩基配列と90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列)を含む1本鎖RNA;
を含み、当該2つの1本鎖RNAがハイブリダイズしてなる2本鎖RNA;
(3)上記第1の塩基配列及び上記第2の塩基配列を含む1本鎖RNAであって、第1の塩基配列と第2の塩基配列とがヘアピンループ部分を介して連結されており、ヘアピンループ型の構造をとることにより、第1の塩基配列が第2の塩基配列と分子内で2本鎖構造を形成している、1本鎖RNA。
配列番号1で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(mmu-miR-199b*(mmu-miR-199b-5pとも称される))、
配列番号2で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(mmu-miR-199b(mmu-miR-199b-3p、hsa-miR-199b-3p、mmu-miR-199a-3p、hsa-miR-199a-3pまたはrno-miR-199a-3pとも称される))、
配列番号3で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(mmu-miR-199a-5p(hsa-miR-199a-5pまたはrno-miR-199a-5pとも称される))、及び
配列番号4で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(hsa-miR-199b-5p)
が挙げられる。
前記(2)におけるRNAとしては、代表的には、哺乳動物のmiR-199b又はmiR-199aを含むRNAが挙げられる。具体的には、
配列番号1で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(mmu-miR-199b*)及び配列番号2で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(mmu-miR-199b)を含むRNA、
配列番号4で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(hsa-miR-199b-5p)及び配列番号2で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(mmu-miR-199b)を含むRNA、
配列番号3で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(mmu-miR-199a-5p)及び配列番号2で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(mmu-miR-199b)を含むRNA
等が例示される。
配列番号5で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(precursor mmu-miR-199b)、
配列番号6で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(precursor hsa-miR-199b)、
配列番号7または配列番号8で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(precursor mmu-miR-199a)、
配列番号9または配列番号10で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(precursor hsa-miR-199a)、
配列番号11で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(mmu-miR-199bの初期転写産物)、
配列番号12で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(hsa-miR-199bの初期転写産物)、
配列番号13または配列番号14で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(mmu-miR-199aの初期転写産物)、
配列番号15または配列番号16で表される塩基配列からなる1本鎖RNA(hsa-miR-199aの初期転写産物)、
配列番号5~16で表されるいずれかの塩基配列を含む1本鎖RNA
等が例示される。
mmu-miR-199b*:配列番号1(MIMAT0000672)
mmu-miR-199b:配列番号2(MIMAT0004667)
mmu-miR-199a-5p:配列番号3(MIMAT0000229)
hsa-miR-199b-5p:配列番号4(MIMAT0000263)
precursor mmu-miR-199b:配列番号5(MI0000714)
precursor hsa-miR-199b:配列番号6(MI0000282)
precursor mmu-miR-199a:配列番号7(MI0000241)
precursor mmu-miR-199a:配列番号8(MI0000713)
precursor hsa-miR-199a:配列番号9(MI0000242)
precursor hsa-miR-199a:配列番号10(MI0000281)
前記配列番号3で表される塩基配列は、hsa-miR-199a-5p(NCBIアクセッションNo.MIMAT0000231)及びrno-miR-199a-5pと同一である。
<1>糖尿病の予防又は治療薬用途、
<2>膵β細胞の増殖剤用途、
<3>糖尿病の予防又は治療薬等のスクリーニング用途、
<4>糖尿病の予防又は治療薬等に対する感受性の判定用途。
後述の実施例に示されるように、本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩は、膵β細胞の増殖を促進する活性を有する。これらの事実は、糖尿病等の患者に対して本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩を投与することによって、該患者における膵β細胞の増殖を促進し、糖尿病等の疾患を予防又は治療することが可能であり、本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩が医薬として有用であることを示す。
また、ADAおよびWHOの上記報告によれば、耐糖能不全とは、75g経口ブドウ糖負荷試験2時間値(静脈血漿におけるグルコース濃度)が140mg/dl以上200mg/dl未満を示す状態である。さらに、ADAの報告によれば、空腹時血糖値(静脈血漿におけるグルコース濃度)が100mg/dl以上126mg/dl未満の状態をIFG(Impaired Fasting Glucose)と呼ぶ。一方、WHOは、該IFG(Impaired Fasting Glucose)を空腹時血糖値(静脈血漿におけるグルコース濃度)が110mg/dl以上126mg/dl未満の状態とし、IFG(Impaired Fasting Glycaemia)と呼ぶ。
また、別の態様では、本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩を、生物学的製剤、リポソーム製剤、乳剤、マイクロエマルション製剤として製剤化することができる。
該浸透増強剤の好ましい例として、脂肪酸またはそのエステルもしくは塩;胆汁酸またはその塩が挙げられる。
胆汁酸またはその塩の好ましい例としては、ケノデオキシコール酸(CDCA)、ウルソデオキシケノデオキシコール酸(UDCA)、コール酸、デヒドロコール酸、デオキシコール酸、グルコール酸、グリコール酸、グリコデオキシコール酸、タウロコール酸、タウロデオキシコール酸、タウロ-24,25-ジヒドロ-フシジン酸ナトリウム、グリコジヒドロフシジン酸または薬理学的に許容可能なそれらの塩(例えば、ナトリウム塩)が挙げられる。脂肪酸またはそのエステルもしくは塩の好ましい例としては、アラキドン酸、ウンデカン酸、オレイン酸、ラウリン酸、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、ジカプレート、トリカプレート、モノオレイン、ジラウリン、グリセリル 1-モノカプレート、1-ドデシルアザシクロヘプタン-2-オン、アシルカルニチン、アシルコリン、モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、ポリオキシエチレン-9-ラウリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン-20-セチルエーテル、または薬理学的に許容可能なそれらの塩(例えば、ナトリウム塩)が挙げられる。
いくつかの態様においては、浸透増強剤の組合せ(例えば、胆汁酸またはその塩と組み合わせた脂肪酸またはその塩)が用いられる。1つの好ましい組合せは、ラウリン酸、カプリン酸およびUDCAのナトリウム塩である。
結合剤の例としては、5ないし10重量%デンプンのり液、10ないし20重量%アラビアゴム液またはゼラチン液、1ないし5重量%トラガント液、カルボキシメチルセルロース液、アルギン酸ナトリウム液、グリセリンが挙げられる。
崩壊剤の例としては、デンプン、炭酸カルシウムが挙げられる。
滑沢剤の例としては、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸、ステアリン酸カルシウム、精製タルクが挙げられる。
甘味剤の例としては、ブドウ糖、果糖、転化糖、ソルビトール、キシリトール、グリセリン、単シロップが挙げられる。
界面活性剤の例としては、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム、ポリソルベート80、ソルビタンモノ脂肪酸エステル、ステアリン酸ポリオキシル40が挙げられる。
懸濁化剤の例としては、アラビアゴム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、メチルセルロース、ベントナイトが挙げられる。
乳化剤の例としては、アラビアゴム、トラガント、ゼラチン、ポリソルベート80が挙げられる。
該注入剤は滅菌水溶液および滅菌水溶液に緩衝剤、希釈剤および他の適切な添加物(例えば、浸透増強剤、キャリア化合物および他の薬学的に受容可能なキャリアまたは賦形剤等)を含んだ水溶液を含有していてもよい。
該注入剤は局所投与(膵臓内投与)にも使用できる。
局所送達剤の例としては、脂質(例えば、ジオレオイルホスファチジルDOPEエタノールアミン、ジミリストイルホスファチジルコリンDMPC、ジステアロイルホスファチジルコリン、ジミリストイルホスファチジルグリセロールDMPG、ジオレオイルテトラメチルアミノプロリルDOTAPおよびジオレオイルホスファチジルエタノールアミンDOTMA、ホスファチジルコリン、ジミリストイルホスファチジルコリン、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルコリン、ジミリストイルホスファチジルグリセロールまたはジオレオイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン)、脂肪酸および脂肪酸エステル(例えば、アラキドン酸、オレイン酸、エイコサン酸、ラウリン酸、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、ジカプレート、トリカプレート、モノオレイン、ジラウリン、グリセリル 1-モノカプレート、1-ドデシルアザシクロヘプタン-2-オン、アシルカルニチン、アシルコリン、またはC1-10アルキルエステル(例えば、イソプロピルミリステート IPM)、モノグリセリド、ジグリセリドあるいは薬学的に受容可能なそれらの塩)等から構成されるリポソーム、商業的に入手可能なリポソーム(LipofectinTM(Invitrogen/Life Technologies, Carlsbad, Calif.)およびEffecteneTM(Qiagen, Valencia, Calif.))、Nature Biotechnology, 15: 647-652 (1997)に記載されているリポソーム、J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 7: 1728 (1996)に記載されているリポソーム、米国特許第6,271,359号に記載されているリポソーム、PCT公報WO96/40964に記載されているリポソームおよびNat. Biotechnol. 23: 1002-1007(2005) に記載されているリポソームが挙げられる。なお、本発明において用いられる「リポソーム」なる用語は、球状の1つまたは複数の二層に配列された両親媒性脂質から構成される小胞を意味し、単分子層、ミセル、二分子層、および小胞が含まれる。
本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩は、リポソーム内にカプセル化されるか、またはリポソーム(特に、カチオン性リポソーム)と複合体を形成してもよい。また、本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩は、脂質(特に、カチオン性脂質)と複合体を形成してもよい。
局所投与のための製剤は、例えば米国特許第6,747,014等に記載の方法、あるいはこれに準ずる方法にしたがって製造することができる。
該リポソームは本発明の医薬が循環血中に存在する期間を延長するという利点を有する。
該リポソームを用いることにより、リポソームの血中半減期を延長することができる(Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1987, 507, 64;Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1988, 85, 6949)。
PEGを含むリポソームは、例えば、米国特許第6,049,094号;6,224,903号;6,270,806号;6,471,326号;6,958,241号等に記載の方法、あるいはこれに準ずる方法にしたがって製造することができる。
本発明の医薬を、SNALPsを含有する製剤として製剤化する場合には、静脈内(i.v.)注射後の延長された循環寿命を示すという有利な点、遠位部位(例えば、投与部位から物理的に離れた部位)で蓄積するという有利な点があるため、全身投与に有用である。
SNALPsを含有する製剤は、例えば米国特許第5,976,567号;第5,981,501号;第6,534,484号;第6,586,410号;第6,815,432号;ならびに国際公開公報第96/40964号等に記載の方法、あるいはこれに準ずる方法にしたがって製造することができる。
各Xa及びXbは、それぞれ独立して、C1-6アルキレンであり;
nは0、1、2、3、4、又は5であり;
各Rは独立して、H、
mは0、1、2、3、又は4であり;
Yは不在であるか、O、NR2、又はSであり;
R1は、それぞれ1以上の置換基により置換されていてもよい、アルキル、アルケニル又はアルキニルであり;且つ
R2は、H、それぞれ1以上の置換基により置換されていてもよい、アルキル、アルケニル又はアルキニルである)
で表される脂質が挙げられる。
上記乳剤は界面活性剤、天然乳化剤、吸収基剤、微細分散固体、保存剤、抗酸化剤等を含有していてもよい(Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199)。
上記界面活性剤としては、公知の界面活性剤を使用できる(Rieger, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 285; Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1988, volume 1, p. 199)。
上記天然乳化剤の例としては、ラノリン、蜜蝋、ホスファチド、レシチン、およびアカシアが挙げられる。
上記保存剤の例としては、メチルパラベン、プロピルパラベン、4級アンモニウム塩、塩化ベンザルコニウム、p-ヒドロキシ安息香酸のエステル、およびホウ酸が挙げられる。
上記抗酸化剤の例としては、トコフェロール、没食子酸アルキル、ブチル化ヒドロキシアニソール、ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエンなどのフリーラジカル捕捉剤、アスコルビン酸およびメタ重亜硫酸ナトリウムなどの還元剤、クエン酸、酒石酸、およびレシチンが挙げられる。
乳剤の皮膚、経口および非経口経路による適用、ならびにそれらの製造法は文献に報告されている(Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199)。
経口投与可能な乳剤は、製剤化が容易で、かつ吸収およびバイオアベイラビリティの見地から有効である(Rosoff, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 245; Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Lieberman, Rieger and Banker (Eds.), 1988, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y., volume 1, p. 199)。
上記マイクロエマルション製剤は、油、水、界面活性剤、コサーファクタントおよび/または電解質を含有していてもよい。
上記界面活性剤の例として、イオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、ブリッジ96、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル、ポリグリセロール脂肪酸エステル、テトラグリセロールモノラウレート(ML310)、テトラグリセロールモノオレエート(MO310)、ヘキサグリセロールモノオレエート(PO310)、ヘキサグリセロールペンタオレエート(PO500)、デカグリセロールモノカプレート(MCA750)、デカグリセロールモノオレエート(MO750)、デカグリセロールセスキオレエート(SO750)、デカグリセロールデカオレエート(DAO750)が単独またはコサーファクタントとの組み合わせが挙げられるが、それらに限定されるわけではない。上記コサーファクタントの例として、エタノール、1-プロパノール、および1-ブタノールなどの短鎖アルコールが挙げられる。コサーファクタントは界面活性剤フィルム中に浸透し、その結果、界面活性剤分子の間に生じる空間のために無秩序なフィルムを生成する。該フィルムは界面の流動性を高めるのに役立つ。しかし、マイクロエマルション製剤はコサーファクタントを用いずに調製してもよく、アルコールを含まない自己乳化マイクロエマルション製剤系が当技術分野において公知である。水相としては、例えば、水、薬物の水溶液、グリセロール、PEG300、PEG400、ポリグリセロール、プロピレングリコール、およびエチレングリコールの誘導体が挙げられる。上記油としては、Captex 300、Captex 355、Capmul MCM、脂肪酸エステル、中鎖(C8-C12)モノ、ジ、およびトリグリセリド、ポリオキシエチル化グリセリル脂肪酸エステル、脂肪アルコール、ポリグリコール化グリセリド、飽和ポリグリコール化C8-C10グリセリド、植物油ならびにシリコーン油が挙げられる。
マイクロエマルション製剤は、まず油を水性界面活性剤溶液に分散し、次いで中鎖アルコール等を加えて透明な系を形成することにより調製される。
マイクロエマルション製剤は、本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩の可溶化および本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩の吸収増強の見地から有効である。(Constantinides et al., Pharmaceutical Research, 1994, 11, 1385-1390; Ritschel, Meth. Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 1993, 13, 205)。また、マイクロエマルション製剤は固体剤形よりも経口投与が容易である点、優れた臨床効力を有する点、および毒性を低減できる点で有効である(Constantinides et al., Pharmaceutical Research, 1994, 11, 1385; Ho et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 1996, 85, 138-143)。
上記標的細胞は生来本発明のポリヌクレオチドを発現する哺乳動物(例えば、ヒト、マウス、ラット、ウサギ、ヒツジ、ブタ、ウシ、ネコ、イヌ、サル)の細胞であれば特に制限はないが、例えば、ヒト細胞が用いられる。上記標的組織の例として、膵β細胞を含む膵島、膵臓、肺、膀胱、胎盤、乳腺、結腸が挙げられる。
上記生物学的手法にはウイルス性ベクターの使用を含むが、これに限定されない多様な方法で行うことができる。
本発明のポリヌクレオチドは、例えば、ウイルス性ベクター(例えば、アデノウイルスおよびヘルペスウイルスベクター)を用いて肝臓細胞や膵臓細胞に送達される。
本発明のポリヌクレオチドを発現するウィルスベクターは標準的な分子生物学的技術により作製することができる。
糖尿病予防若しくは治療薬の例としては、例えばインスリン製剤(例、ウシ、ブタの膵臓から抽出された動物インスリン製剤;大腸菌、イーストを用い遺伝子工学的に合成したヒトインスリン製剤;インスリン亜鉛;プロタミンインスリン亜鉛;インスリンのフラグメントまたは誘導体(例、INS-1)、経口インスリン製剤)、インスリン抵抗性改善剤(例、ピオグリタゾンまたはその塩(好ましくは、塩酸塩)、ロシグリタゾンまたはその塩(好ましくは、マレイン酸塩)、メタグリダセン、AMG-131、バラグリタゾン、MBX-2044、リボグリタゾン、アレグリタザール、チグリタザール、ロベグリタゾン、PLX-204、PN-2034、GFT-505、THR-0921;WO2007/013694、WO2007/018314、WO2008/093639またはWO2008/099794記載の化合物)、α-グルコシダーゼ阻害剤(例、ボグリボース、アカルボース、ミグリトール、エミグリテート)、ビグアナイド剤(例、メトホルミン、ブホルミンまたはそれらの塩(例、塩酸塩、フマル酸塩、コハク酸塩))、インスリン分泌促進剤(例、スルホニルウレア剤(例、トルブタミド、グリベンクラミド、グリクラジド、クロルプロパミド、トラザミド、アセトヘキサミド、グリクロピラミド、グリメピリド、グリピザイド、グリブゾール)、レパグリニド、ナテグリニド、ミチグリニドまたはそのカルシウム塩水和物)、ジペプチジルペプチダーゼIV阻害剤(例、アログリプチンまたはその塩(好ましくは、安息香酸塩)、ヴィルダグリプチン、シタグリプチン、サクサグリプチン、BI1356、GRC8200、MP-513、PF-00734200、PHX1149、SK-0403、ALS2-0426、TA-6666、TS-021、KRP-104、2-[[6-[(3R)-3-アミノ-1-ピペリジニル]-3,4-ジヒドロ-3-メチル-2,4-ジオキソ-1(2H)-ピリミジニル]メチル]-4-フルオロベンゾニトリルまたはその塩)、β3アゴニスト(例、N-5984)、GPR40アゴニスト(例、WO2004/041266、WO2004/106276、WO2005/063729、WO2005/063725、WO2005/087710、WO2005/095338、WO2007/013689またはWO2008/001931記載の化合物)、GLP-1受容体アゴニスト(例、GLP-1、GLP-1MR剤、リラグルチド、エキセナチド、AVE-0010、BIM-51077、Aib(8,35)hGLP-1(7,37)NH2、CJC-1131、Albiglutide)、アミリンアゴニスト(例、プラムリンチド)、ホスホチロシンホスファターゼ阻害剤(例、バナジン酸ナトリウム)、糖新生阻害剤(例、グリコーゲンホスホリラーゼ阻害剤、グルコース-6-ホスファターゼ阻害剤、FBPase阻害薬)、SGLT2(sodium-glucose cotransporter 2)阻害剤(例、Depagliflozin、AVE2268、TS-033、YM543、TA-7284、Remogliflozin、ASP1941)、SGLT1阻害薬、11β-ヒドロキシステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ阻害薬(例、BVT-3498、INCB-13739)、アジポネクチンまたはその作動薬、IKK阻害薬(例、AS-2868)、レプチン抵抗性改善薬、ソマトスタチン受容体作動薬、グルコキナーゼ活性化薬(例、Piragliatin、AZD1656、AZD6370、TTP-355;WO2006/112549、WO2007/028135、WO2008/047821、WO2008/050821、WO2008/136428またはWO2008/156757記載の化合物)、GIP(Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide)、GPR119アゴニスト(例、PSN821)、FGF21、FGFアナログが挙げられる。
本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩は、膵β細胞の増殖を促進する活性を有する。上記膵β細胞の例として、哺乳動物(例えば、マウス、ラット、ハムスター、ウサギ、ネコ、イヌ、ウシ、ヒツジ、サル、ヒト)の膵β細胞が挙げられる。
従って、本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩は、哺乳動物の膵β細胞の増殖剤;膵島移植前の膵β細胞の増殖剤;膵島移植後の膵β細胞の増殖補助剤;および膵炎の治療剤として有用である。
ポリヌクレオチドの膵β細胞の増殖活性は、後述の実施例に記載された方法に準じ、先に詳述した方法で測定することができる。
本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩を含有する膵β細胞の増殖剤は、前記した本発明の医薬と同様にして製造することができ、哺乳動物に対して安全に投与することができる。
本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩は、膵β細胞の増殖を促進する活性を有するので、細胞内における本発明のポリヌクレオチドの発現を促進する物質もまた、膵β細胞の増殖を促進し、糖尿病等の疾患の予防又は治療に有効である。従って、本発明は、本発明のポリヌクレオチドを発現する能力を有する細胞における該ポリヌクレオチドの発現を、被験物質の存在下と非存在下で比較することを特徴とする、膵β細胞を増殖させる物質、糖尿病の予防又は治療薬(或いはそれらの候補物質)のスクリーニング方法を提供する。
本発明のポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩は、膵β細胞の増殖を促進する活性を有するので、糖尿病の予防又は治療薬や膵β細胞増殖薬の投与計画の決定等において、患者の細胞へ、投与予定の糖尿病の予防又は治療薬や膵β細胞増殖薬を接触させ、該細胞における本発明のポリヌクレオチドの発現量を測定し、該発現量の変化と、糖尿病の予防又は治療薬や膵β細胞増殖薬に対する感受性とを相関付けることにより、該患者の糖尿病の予防又は治療薬や膵β細胞増殖薬に対する感受性を判定することができる。従って、本発明は、本発明のポリヌクレオチドを発現する能力を有する細胞における該ポリヌクレオチドの発現を、糖尿病の予防又は治療薬或いは膵β細胞増殖薬の存在下と非存在下で比較することを特徴とする、糖尿病の予防又は治療薬或いは膵β細胞増殖薬に対する感受性を判定する方法(以下では、「本発明の判定方法」と称することがある)を提供する。
<A> 配列番号1、2、3又は4で表される塩基配列と70%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列;
<B>配列番号1、2、3又は4で表される塩基配列に含まれる5ヌクレオチド長以上の連続する部分配列;
<C>上記<A>、<B>の塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列。
また、前記<A>の塩基配列には、配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列において3、4、5又は6個の塩基が欠失、置換、付加又は挿入された塩基配列が包含される。該塩基配列としては、例えば、(i)配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列において3、4、5又は6個の塩基が欠失した塩基配列、(ii)配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列に3、4、5又は6個の塩基が付加した塩基配列、(iii)配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列に3、4、5又は6個の塩基が挿入された塩基配列、(iv)配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列中の3、4、5又は6個の塩基が他の塩基で置換された塩基配列、及び(v)それらの変異を組み合わせた塩基配列(但し、欠失、置換、付加又は挿入される塩基の総数が3、4、5又は6個である)を挙げることができる。
上記のように塩基配列が変異(欠失、置換、付加又は挿入)を含む場合、その変異の位置は、特に限定されない。
RNA :リボ核酸
miRNA :マイクロRNA
RT-PCR :Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction
BrdU :5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine
(配列番号:1)mmu-miR-199b* の塩基配列
(配列番号:2)mmu-miR-199b の塩基配列
(配列番号:3)mmu-miR-199a-5p の塩基配列
(配列番号:4)hsa-miR-199b-5pの塩基配列
(配列番号:5)precursor mmu-miR-199bの塩基配列
(配列番号:6)precursor hsa-miR-199bの塩基配列
(配列番号:7)precursor mmu-miR-199a-1の塩基配列
(配列番号:8)precursor mmu-miR-199a-2の塩基配列
(配列番号:9)precursor hsa-miR-199a-1の塩基配列
(配列番号:10)precursor hsa-miR-199a-2の塩基配列
(配列番号:11)マウスmiR-199bの初期転写産物の塩基配列
(配列番号:12)ヒトmiR-199bの初期転写産物の塩基配列
(配列番号:13)マウスmiR-199aの初期転写産物の塩基配列
(配列番号:14)マウスmiR-199aの初期転写産物の塩基配列
(配列番号:15)ヒトmiR-199aの初期転写産物の塩基配列
(配列番号:16)ヒトmiR-199aの初期転写産物の塩基配列
(配列番号:17)実施例3で使用したプローブの塩基配列
(配列番号:18)実施例3で使用したフォワードプライマーの塩基配列
(配列番号:19)実施例3で使用したリバースプライマーの塩基配列
(配列番号:20)実施例3で使用したプローブの塩基配列
(配列番号:21)実施例3で使用したフォワードプライマーの塩基配列
(配列番号:22)実施例3で使用したリバースプライマーの塩基配列
(配列番号:23)実施例3で使用したプローブの塩基配列
(配列番号:24)実施例3で使用したフォワードプライマーの塩基配列
(配列番号:25)実施例3で使用したリバースプライマーの塩基配列
(配列番号:26)rno-mir-146bの塩基配列
(配列番号:27)hsa-mir-375の塩基配列
雄性Wistarラット(9-12 週齢)の膵臓に0.7 mg/ml collagenaseP 溶液(Roche Diagnostics, Cat.11914428)を総胆管より注入し、膵臓を摘出した。摘出した脾臓を37℃で20分間放置した後、ピペッティングにより膵臓組織を破砕してHBSS (Invitrogen)にて洗浄した。Ficoll PM400 (Amersham Biotech)を用いた密度勾配遠心により膵島細胞懸濁液を調製した。上記膵島細胞懸濁液から、神経細胞分散用酵素液(Nerve-Cell Culture System)を用いて、ラット初代培養膵島細胞を得た。該ラット初代培養膵島細胞は11 mM glucose、1 % horse serum (Invitrogen)、25 mM HEPES(Dojindo)、P.S.(Invitrogen)を含むDMEM(Invitrogen)に懸濁した。上記DMEMに懸濁後の膵島細胞をMatrigel-basement membrane(Becton, Dickinson and Company)で被覆した96 well plateに2.0×104 cells/ 100 μl/wellにて播種した。播種後2日目に0.2 μl/wellのDharmaFECT1 (Thermo Scientific)を用いて終濃度 2.5~50 nMのmmu-miR-199b*を発現するPre-miR miRNA Precursor (ABI社より購入、ID:PM10526)または10 nM のPre-miR Neg control #1 (ABI社より購入、ID:AM17110)を終濃度10 μM BrdU存在下でトランスフェクションし、該トランスフェクションから24時間後に上記DMEMに10 μM BrdUを添加した培地に交換した。実施例1および後述の実施例2において使用したPre-miR miRNA PrecursorのIDおよび成熟miRNAの塩基配列を表1に記す。前記トランスフェクション後のmmu-miR-199b* mRNA発現量の解析は以下のように行なった。すなわち、トランスフェクションから2日後に、TaqMan MicroRNA Cells-to-CtTMkit (Ambion)の添付プロトコルに従って、トランスフェクション後の膵島細胞からcDNAを調製し、TaqMan miRNA assays (ABI)を用いた定量RT-PCR法(ABI prism 7900 Sequence Detection System, ABI)を実施した。前記TaqMan miRNA assay (ABI)のIDを表1に記す。
実施例1と同様に調製したラット初代培養膵島細胞に、終濃度2.5~50 nMのmmu-miR-199b*を発現するPre-miR miRNA Precursor (ABI社より購入、ID:PM10526)、hsa-miR-199a-3p を発現するPre-miR miRNA Precursor (ABI社より購入、ID:PM11779)、hsa-miR-199a-5p を発現するPre-miR miRNA Precursor (ABI社より購入、ID:PM10893)、 hsa-miR-199b-5p を発現するPre-miR miRNA Precursor (ABI社より購入、ID:PM10553)、または10 nM のPre-miR Neg control #1 (ABI社より購入、ID:AM17110)をトランスフェクションし、該トランスフェクションから5日後に膵β細胞の増殖促進活性の評価を行なった。該膵β細胞の増殖促進活性の評価は具体的には以下のように行なった。すなわち、前記トランスフェクションから5日後に、ラット初代培養膵島細胞を室温で4 % パラホルムアルデヒド(和光純薬)に30分浸した後、1.5 N HCl溶液に1時間浸した。続いて10% normal goat serum (GIBCO)(以下ではNGSと称する。) および0.2% Triton X-100(Sigma)を含むPBS (Invitrogen)に室温で20分間浸した。さらに1% NGS含有PBSにてguinea pig polyclonal抗インスリン抗体(ABCAM)とmouse monoclonal抗BrdU抗体(Dako)を200倍に希釈した溶液を4℃にて1晩反応させ、200 μl/wellの PBSにて3回洗浄後、1% NGS含有PBSで200倍に希釈したgoat anti-guinea pig Alexa fluor 568(Invitrogen)とgoat anti-mouse Alexa fluor 488 (Invitrogen)、5 μM Hoechst33342 (Invitrogen)を室温にて1時間反応させた。200 μl/wellの PBSにて3回洗浄後、IN Cell Analyzer 1000 (GE Healthcare)による解析に供し、10倍対物レンズで1ウェルあたり20視野の画像を取得した。Developer soft wareを用いて1 ウェルあたりインスリン陽性細胞は約3000~4000個、インスリン陽性かつBrdU陽性細胞は500個程度を解析した。
実施例1と同様に、ラット初代培養膵島細胞に終濃度 2.5~50 nMのmmu-miR-199b*を発現するPre-miR miRNA Precursor (ABI社より購入、ID:PM10526)または10 nM のPre-miR Neg control #1 (ABI社より購入、ID:AM17110)をトランスフェクションし、該トランスフェクションから2日後にRNeasy96 (Qiagen)を用いて、該トランスフェクション後の膵島細胞からtotal RNAを抽出した。該total RNAからPrimeScript RT reagent kit (Takara)を用いてcDNAの合成を行った。該cDNAを用いて定量RT-PCR法(ABI prism 7900 Sequence Detection System, ABI)を実施し、cyclin D1、cyclin E2遺伝子のTATA binding protein (TBP)遺伝子あたりのmRNA発現量を算出した。本解析に用いたプローブおよびプライマー配列を表2に記す。
上記実施例1ないし3と同様の手法を用いることにより、下記表3にIDおよび塩基配列示す、rno-mir-146bおよびhsa-mir-375も膵β細胞の増殖を促進する活性を有することが示された。
Claims (10)
- 配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩を含有する、糖尿病の予防又は治療剤。
- 配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩を含有する、膵β細胞の増殖剤。
- 哺乳動物に対して、配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩の有効量を投与することを特徴とする、該哺乳動物における糖尿病の予防又は治療方法。
- 哺乳動物に対して、配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩の有効量を投与することを特徴とする、該哺乳動物における膵β細胞の増殖方法。
- 糖尿病予防又は治療剤を製造するための、配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩の使用。
- 膵β細胞の増殖剤を製造するための、配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド若しくは該塩基配列に相補的な塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、またはその塩の使用。
- 配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチドの発現量を測定することを特徴とする、糖尿病予防又は治療薬のスクリーニング方法。
- 配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチドの発現量を測定することを特徴とする、膵β細胞を増殖させる物質のスクリーニング方法。
- 配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチドの発現量を測定することを特徴とする、糖尿病患者の糖尿病予防又は治療薬感受性を判定するための方法。
- 配列番号1、2、3若しくは4で表される塩基配列と同一若しくはそれと90%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列を含むポリヌクレオチドの発現量を測定することを特徴とする、糖尿病患者の膵β細胞増殖薬感受性を判定するための方法。
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| JP2012523922A JP5775517B2 (ja) | 2010-07-08 | 2011-07-07 | 糖尿病の予防・治療剤 |
| CA2804271A CA2804271A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 | 2011-07-07 | Prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes |
| EP11803673.0A EP2594275B1 (en) | 2010-07-08 | 2011-07-07 | Prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes |
| ES11803673.0T ES2573669T3 (es) | 2010-07-08 | 2011-07-07 | Agente profiláctico o terapéutico para la diabetes |
| US13/808,364 US9006201B2 (en) | 2010-07-08 | 2011-07-07 | Prophylactic or therapeutic agent for diabetes |
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| US (1) | US9006201B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2594275B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5775517B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2804271A1 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2573669T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012005339A1 (ja) |
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| JPWO2017047800A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-16 | 2018-09-20 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 核酸分子 |
| JP2020048426A (ja) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-04-02 | 学校法人 埼玉医科大学 | フリズルド3発現細胞の細胞数増加剤若しくは低下剤、糖尿病予防若しくは治療剤、インスリノーマ予防若しくは治療剤、及びインスリン分泌促進剤若しくは分泌抑制剤よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの剤をスクリーニングするためのスクリーニング剤、スクリーニング用キット、及びスクリーニング方法 |
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| US10881683B2 (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2021-01-05 | Tohoku University | Nucleic acid molecule |
| JP2020048426A (ja) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-04-02 | 学校法人 埼玉医科大学 | フリズルド3発現細胞の細胞数増加剤若しくは低下剤、糖尿病予防若しくは治療剤、インスリノーマ予防若しくは治療剤、及びインスリン分泌促進剤若しくは分泌抑制剤よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの剤をスクリーニングするためのスクリーニング剤、スクリーニング用キット、及びスクリーニング方法 |
| JP7325075B2 (ja) | 2018-09-21 | 2023-08-14 | 学校法人 埼玉医科大学 | フリズルド3発現細胞の細胞数増加剤若しくは低下剤、糖尿病予防若しくは治療剤、インスリノーマ予防若しくは治療剤、及びインスリン分泌促進剤若しくは分泌抑制剤よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの剤をスクリーニングするためのスクリーニング剤、スクリーニング用キット、及びスクリーニング方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2594275B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
| CA2804271A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
| ES2573669T3 (es) | 2016-06-09 |
| EP2594275A4 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
| JPWO2012005339A1 (ja) | 2013-09-05 |
| US9006201B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
| EP2594275A1 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
| JP5775517B2 (ja) | 2015-09-09 |
| US20130109744A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
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