WO2012001258A1 - Turnbuckle having a carriage, and absorber/turnbuckle for a lifeline comprising such a turnbuckle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (3) for stretching a cable (10) between two stationary points, comprising: means for guiding the cable, which can include a tube (4); means for holding a drawn end of the cable, comprising a carriage (5) that is movable along the means (4) for guiding the cable; means for longitudinally moving the carriage (5), which are separate from the means (4) for guiding the cable, and which can include a threaded rod (100) and a nut (12a) secured onto the threaded rod, such that the movement of the carriage (5) causes the cable to be tensioned. The invention also relates to a turnbuckle/absorber (1) including such a turnbuckle (3) and an impulse-load absorber (6).

Description

 CABLE TENSIONER WITH TROLLEY AND ABSORBER - TENSIONER FOR LIFE LINE COMPRISING U TEL TENDER.

The invention relates to the field of lifelines, implemented in particular for work to be performed at altitude. More particularly, it relates to a cable tensioner and a tensioner - absorber for the establishment of a lifeline.

A lifeline is a cable or rope installed between two fixed high points of a structure generally comprising a load absorber and a tensioner. People working on this structure, such as a roof, wear a harness to which a lanyard is connected, and hook onto the lifeline by means of a carabiner or trolley; they remain relatively free from their movements and retain the use of both their hands. In the event of a fall, the pre-tensioning printed on the cable causes the person to fall from a low height and the absorber absorbs the kinetic energy due to the fall so as to prevent it from being too abruptly shocked. on the other hand to avoid a voltage peak at the anchor points of the lifeline to the structure.

 The lifeline is an indispensable and regulatory equipment to conduct work at altitude safely. It is important that it can be put in place as easily as possible because, by hypothesis, the person who sets it up does not benefit from it yet.

 In practice, the installation of the lifeline requires two operators:

 a first operator connects a load absorber to a fixed point of the structure and connects one end of the cable to the absorber via, for example, a shackle,

- A second operator fixed a tensioner to another fixed point of the structure, connects the tensioner to the other end of the cable and ensures its tensioning. Alternatively, a single operator is sufficient when the tensioner also comprises a load absorber.

 In conclusion, setting up a lifeline with conventional devices is a very delicate task. The present invention aims to facilitate the establishment of a lifeline, including its setting tension.

For this purpose, the invention proposes a device for tensioning a cable between two fixed points comprising:

 cable guiding means,

- Means for holding a towed end of the cable, comprising a carriage adapted to move along the cable guide means,

 means for driving the carriage in longitudinal displacement, distinct from the cable guide means,

so that the movement of the carriage causes the tensioning of the cable.

The cable tensioner device is interposed between two fixed points relative to a structure, and between which the cable must be stretched. The device is connected to one of the fixed points, the cable is connected by its fixed end to the other fixed point, and the device by its other end called towed. This towed end is fixed on a carriage integral with the device, which can move along the cable guide means, this displacement causing the tensioning of the cable.

Advantageously:

 the cable guide means may comprise a tube traversed by the cable between an inlet on the side of its fixed end and an exit on the side of its towed end,

 the means for driving the carriage in displacement can comprise a threaded rod,

the tube and the threaded rod extending substantially parallel to a direction of extension of the cable.

The guide means of the cable and the means for driving the carriage in displacement are therefore distinct. They consist respectively of a tube and a threaded rod which both extend in the direction of elongation of the cable. Advantageously, the tube and the threaded rod may extend in the same direction from a first face of a support means,

 the tube being mounted rigidly integral by its end corresponding to its outlet on a corresponding through opening of the support means,

said threaded rod being rotatably mounted about its axis on the support means by a first end.

 The device therefore comprises a support means, for example a plate having a first and a second face, the tube and the threaded rod being both mounted on the first face of the support. However, the tube is rigidly mounted on this support, on a corresponding through opening, so that the cable, as it passes through the tube, also passes through the support, while the threaded rod is rotatably mounted on the support.

Advantageously, the device may further comprise a cable winding means on substantially 180 °, disposed on a second face of the support means opposite to the first face, so that the movement of the carriage towards the inlet of the tube causes the entry of a portion of cable into the tube.

In the cable tensioning device, the cable is placed in a straight tube by its inlet, spring tube from the outlet of the tube on the other side of the support and is wound at 180 ° on a winding means, so that the cable makes a half turn and returns to the tube inlet, and is fixed on the carriage by its towed end. Moving the carriage on the threaded screw towards the tube inlet causes the cable to be tensioned. The winding means is attached to the support means, above and close to the exit of the tube, so that the cable, having passed through the tube and the support means, can be wound on the means of 'winding.

Advantageously, the winding means of the cable may comprise a roller or a pulley whose axis of rotation is orthogonal to the axis of the tube, or a half circumference.

Advantageously, the carriage may comprise:

a through opening traversed by the tube, - A threaded opening which cooperates with the thread of the threaded rod, so that when the threaded rod is rotated, the carriage moves towards the inlet or the outlet of the tube.

 The carriage moves along the threaded rod as a nut moves on a screw when it is rotated. It also moves along the tube as the tube passes through the carriage. The towed end of the cable being fixed to the carriage, it is understood that the movement of the carriage causes the tensioning or loosening of the cable in the direction of rotation of the threaded rod and thus the movement of the carriage. The rotation of the threaded rod provides significant gearing for the longitudinal displacement of the carriage, favorable to this tensioning. This rotation can be achieved through the presence of a gripping means secured to the threaded rod.

Advantageously, the cable tensioning device may further comprise a non-return device for the cable, this device being fixed at the inlet of the tube and at a second end of the threaded rod.

 Indeed, the carriage, whose movement along the threaded rod ensures tensioning, has a limited movement to the length of the rod. It is therefore important that the operator can pre-tension the cable efficiently. This pre-tensioning will be facilitated if the cable passes a non-return device. In this way, the cable retains pre-tensioning applied by the operator without any further effort on his part.

Advantageously, the cable tensioning device may further comprise a load control device. Indeed, it is important that the operator does not apply too much tension to the cable, which could for example to weaken its anchors in the structure. It is therefore advantageous that the tensioner comprises a load indicator.

 The invention proposes an alternative for this load control device:

a load-indicating device comprising a first element integral with the cable tensioner and a second element, fixed to one another by at least one fastening means, each fastening means comprising at least one abruptly deformable means under the fastener; effect of a force intended to remove the two elements, this deformation causing a game in fixing the two elements, and a means of witnessing the formation of this game,

 a load-indicating device comprising a first element integral with the cable tensioner and a second element, connected to one another by at least one connecting means comprising at least one elastic means designed to deform under the effect of the voltage applied to the cable.

The invention also relates to an absorber and / or lifeline device comprising a cable tensioning device according to the invention and an impulse load absorber.

Embodiments and variants will be described hereinafter, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIGS. 1A and 1B respectively represent an absorber-tensioning device in perspective and in elevation,

FIGS. 2A and 2B show a non-return device for cables respectively in perspective and in vertical section along A-A ',

FIG. 3D represents in perspective a clamping plate of the device for shaping a loop on a cable,

FIG. 4 represents an elevated carriage cable tensioning device,

FIGS. 5A and 5B show a first variant of a load control device respectively in elevation and in perspective,

FIGS. 6A and 6B show a second variant of a load control device respectively in elevation and in plan view, FIG. 7 shows an elevated pulse load absorber device. FIG. 8 shows a typical lifeline installation comprising a cable tensioner according to the invention.

The absorber-tensioner device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 is in the form of an elongated body having from front to rear, ie from right to left in FIG.

 a non-return device 2,

 a cable tensioner device with a carriage 3 comprising a tube 4 and a threaded rod 100,

 a device for shaping a loop on a cable 5,

an impulse load absorber assembly 6,

 a load control device 107.

 At its rear end, the absorber-tensioner device 1 comprises a shackle part 66 comprising an axis 9 making it possible to fix the device 1 at a fixed point 111 of an elevated structure 150.

 In the rest of the text, the words "before" and "back" will always refer to this orientation of the device 1.

 The cable 10 intended to form the lifeline penetrates into the absorber device

- Tensioner 1 by the non-return device 2, enters the tube 4 through its inlet 4a and leaves its outlet 4b, winds through 180 ° on a roller 11, and enters the shaping device of a loop 5 on which it is fixed. The cable 10 is energized by rotating the threaded rod by means of the nut 12a, causing the shaping device 5 to act as a carriage towards the front of the shaping device. The charge indicator 7 or 107 allows the operator to verify that the operating voltage is reached. In the event of a fall of a user connected to the lifeline, the impulse load absorber 6 absorbs the kinetic energy of fall. The absorber-tensioner device 1 thus fulfills several functions:

 - shaping a loop on the cable,

- anti-return cable, - cable tensioner,

 - charge indicator,

 - Impulse charge absorber. The device for shaping a loop on a cable 5 illustrated by the figures

3A to 3C has a trough 40 which extends along an axis X-X ', and having a front portion 40a and a rear portion 40b. In its front portion 40a, the flanks of the channel 40 are extended by protuberances 40c and 40d each having an opening facing one another. A winding cam 41 is disposed between these growths 40c and 40d and in these openings along an axis Y-Y 'orthogonal to the axis X-X' of the channel 40 and above this axis; it is held at this location by a coaxial fastening means, for example a screw-nut 42. The cam 41 is preferably free to rotate about the Y-axis Y ', but it could be fixed.

 The forming device 5 further comprises two rods 43a and 43b parallel mounted freely rotatable about the axis YY '. These rods 43a and 43b are further fixed relative to the screw-nut assembly 42, so that they can be actuated in rotation for example by means of the head 42a of the screw.

 At their end remote from the Y-axis Y ', the rods 43a and 43b are joined by a spacer 44. The cam assembly 41, links 43a and 43b and spacer 44 form a cable passage 53 of substantially rectangular shape in which a cable can flow.

 The rods 43a and 43b are each extended at their end remote from the spacer 44 by two hooks 45a and 45b (not visible), fixed relative to the links and which extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to that of the rods.

 The channel 40 is fixed at the top of a support 46 which comprises two plates, a front plate 46a and a rear plate 46b, parallel and substantially orthogonal to the axis XX 'of the channel 40. The plates 46a and 46b each comprise two openings:

in the lower part a respective opening 47a, 47b (not shown) of axis ZZ 'parallel to the axis XX' of the channel 40, providing a passage to the tube 4, between these openings and the trough 40, a respective opening 200a, 200b (not shown) with an axis parallel to the axis ZZ 'for the passage of the threaded rod 100.

 The front plate 46a has on its front face two leaf springs 48a, 48b each having an opening in which can snap the respective ends of the hooks 45a and 45b. Thanks to these springs 48a, 48b, the links 45a and 45b and thus the cable passage 53 can be kept folded towards the rear of the trough 40.

 The forming device 5 further comprises cable clamping means comprising two screws 49a and 49b, mounted between the plates 46a and 46b and on either side of the channel 40, the heads of these screws being articulated around respective axes parallel to the axis XX 'of the gutter. These screws 49a and 49b are therefore captive.

 The clamping means further comprise a substantially rectangular plate 51 and two nuts 50a and 50b each mounted on a respective screw 49a, 49b. These screws pass through the plate 51 by two openings, a slot-shaped opening 51a and an orifice-shaped opening 51b. When the plate 51 is mounted on the screw 49b the nut 50a being in place, the plate 51 is captive. As illustrated by FIG. 3D, the plate 51 further comprises on its underside a protruding part or clip 51c designed to penetrate between the flanks of the channel 40. The lower face of this clamp 51c is not smooth but has a profile wave-shaped having three vertices 51d, 51e and 51f to distribute the clamping force on the cable on these three vertices when the plate 51 is applied to the cable.

 The device is used as follows, after mounting the plate 51 on the screw

49b:

- The cable 10 is slid into the channel 40 by its rear portion 40b, the rods 43a and 43b are oriented downwards, so that the cable crosses the cable passage 53 that constitutes the links 43a and 43b, the spacer 44 and the winding cam 41, as illustrated in FIG. 3B,

 - Actuating the screw-nut 42 in rotation so as to fold the cable passage 53 towards the rear of the device 5, arrow 52; the spacer 44 presses the cable 10 and this movement causes its winding around the winding cam 41 and folds the cable on itself,

- snap hooks 45a and 45b in the openings of leaf springs 48a, 48b; the cable is then folded back on itself inside the gutter 40, positioning the plate 51 above the channel 40 and engaging the screw 49a in the notch 51a of the plate 51,

 - tightening nuts 50a and 50b; the clamp 51c enters between the flanks of the channel 40 and presses the two strands of the cable folded on itself.

The cable tensioning device 3 illustrated in FIG. 4 comprises a tube 4, a threaded rod 100 substantially parallel to the tube 4 and a substantially flat support means 60 and having two parallel faces, a front face on which the tube 4 and the rod 100 are mounted and a rear face on which is disposed winding means or roller 11.

 The tube 4 is fixed relative to the support 60. The threaded rod 100 is rotatably mounted by a first end or rear end 100a on the front face of the support 60, in a non-threaded opening formed in the support 60. On its rear face, the support 60 comprises two flanges 61a and 61b (not visible) between which a roller 11 is rotatably mounted along an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis TT 'of the tube 4. The axis of the roller 11 is located above the TT axis of the tube so that the cable 10 can be wound on the roller when it exits the tube.

 The cable tensioning device 3 further comprises a carriage 5 'to which a towed end 10T of the cable is secured, able to move along the tube 4 and the threaded rod 100, between the inlet 4a of the tube and the front face of the support 60. In the embodiment described, this carriage 5 'consists mainly of the shaping device of a previously described loop 5, the two devices cooperating in the following way:

 the tube 4 passes through the openings 47a and 47b (not visible) formed in the plates 46a and 46b of the shaping device of a loop 5,

 - The threaded rod 100 is engaged in the threaded openings 200a, 200b (not visible) formed in the plates 46a and 46b.

 At their front ends, the tube 4 and the tube 100 are held in respective openings 25a and 25c of the plate 24 of the non-return device 2.

 The threaded rod 100 may comprise at a second end or front end

100b a gripping means for its rotation, for example a nut 12a, which bears on the front face of the plate 24.

In this way, when the threaded rod 100 is rotated, for example by actuating the nut 12a, the carriage 5 'can move along the tube 4 and the rod threaded 100 in one direction or the other. The tension of the cable is obtained by moving the carriage towards the inlet 4a of the tube 4 and the front end 100b of the threaded rod. After the tensioning of the cable, the locking of this tension is effected by the locking in rotation of the threaded rod 100. This locking is obtained by tightening a nut 12b against the rear face of the fixing plate 24 of the non-return device 2.

 The invention proposes an alternative for the return path of the cable between the winding means 11 and the trolley:

 as illustrated in FIG. 4, the support 60 can extend above the tube 4 in front view over a length less than or equal to the diameter of the roll 11, so that the return passage of the cable takes place above of support 60,

 - The support 60 may extend above the tube 4 in front view over a length greater than the diameter of the roller 11 and have a third through opening disposed above the roller 11 in front view; the return passage of the cable then takes place through this third opening (not shown).

 The device is used as follows:

 - put the cable 10 into the tube 4 by its front end 4a,

 at the outlet 4b of the tube 4, wind the cable on the roll 11 for half a turn,

- pre-tension the cable; for this purpose, it is advantageous to have a non-return device 2 fixed to the front of the tube 4,

presenting the cable to the device for shaping a loop 5, and shaping this loop as previously described, which implies fixing the cable on this device,

 - Operate the threaded rod 100 in rotation, so as to cause the carriage to move forward of the tube 4 and the front end 100b of the threaded rod 100 and therefore the tension of the cable.

 After the tensioning of the cable, the locking of this tension is effected by the locking in rotation of the threaded rod 100. This locking is obtained by tightening a nut 12b against the rear face of the fixing plate 24 of the non-return device 2.

The non-return device 2 for cable tensioner 3, illustrated by FIGS. 2A and 2B, is mounted on the front end 4a of the tube 4 and the front end 100b of the threaded rod. It comprises a gutter-shaped piece 20 whose sides 20a and 20b are elongated and parallel, inside which the cable can take place. The device 2 has a front face 22 and a rear face 23, the cable penetrating the device 2 through the front face 22. The rear face 23 of the device 2 comprises a fixing plate 24 fixed to the rear end of the channel 20. This plate 24 comprises:

 a first through-opening 25a collinear with the trough 20, for mounting the non-return device 2 on a tube 4 and the exit of the cable,

 a second through-opening 25c located on the side opposite the gutter 20 with respect to the first opening 25a, for mounting the non-return device 2 on the threaded rod 100.

 The flanks 20a and 20b of the part 20 each comprise an opening 26a and

26b (not visible), rectilinear and inclined with respect to the gutter 20 and, in the rear part, a notch 27a and 27b. The openings 26a and 26b are facing each other.

 Inside the anti-blocking device 2 there is also a jaw forming a substantially parallelepiped-shaped locking core 28 which takes place between the flanks 20a and 20b of the channel 20. The locking core 28 comprises:

 - On the one hand, two lugs 29a and 29b (not visible), aligned, extending perpendicularly from the faces of the blocking core parallel to the sides 20a and 20b of the channel 20,

 - On the other hand, a shoe 30 of high friction material, for example rubber, notched, fixed dovetail on the upper face of the locking core, facing the bottom of the channel 20. The pad 30 serves to ensure effective blocking of the cable without hurting the latter.

 Each lug 29a, 29b slides inside a respective opening 26a,

26b. They hold the locking core 28 inside the gutter-shaped part 20.

The non-return device 2 further comprises a return means located between the flanks of the gutter, which pushes the locking core 28 in the locking position. For this purpose, the locking core 28 comprises a rod 31 which extends substantially perpendicularly from its rear face. This rod 31 passes through a third opening 25b formed in the plate 24, below the first opening 25a, and a washer 33 coaxial. Around the rod 31 is wound a spring 32 working in compression, which is supported on the one hand on the rear face of the core 28 and on the other hand on the fastening plate 24 via the washer 33. With provisions, the locking core 28 is held pushed forwardly of the device 2 elastically. Given the inclination of the openings 26a and 26b, the locking core 28 approaches the bottom of the channel 20 and therefore the cable 10 as it moves forward.

 The anti-lock device consequently comprises two modes of operation:

 - When the cable runs back and forth, the locking core 28, which rubs on the cable, is pushed back and away from the bottom of the channel 20; the cable runs normally,

 - When the cable is pulled back forwards, the locking core 28 is driven forward and its shoe 30 presses the cable on the bottom of the gutter 20 by corner effect; the cable is blocked. The inclination of the openings 26a and 26b, the dimensions of the blocking core 28, the thickness of the pad 30 and the diameter of the cable used are related so that this blocking occurs before the pins 29a and 29b reach the end of their stroke. the respective openings 26a, 26b.

 Alternatives to the preceding provisions are for example:

 the openings 26a and 26b can be curved,

 - They are not necessarily facing each other, and the lugs 29a and 29b are not necessarily aligned, the important thing being that an opening corresponds to a respective lug, and that the openings are parallel,

 the indentations 27a and 27b, which serve to ensure the visibility of the cable inside the anti-blocking device 2, may be omitted,

 another method of fixing the shoe 30 is possible, such as a gluing,

the blocking core 28 can be held pushed towards the front of the device 2 by another elastic means, such as a leaf spring.

The charging indicator device for cable tensioner 3 has two variants 7 and 107.

In a first variant illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the load indicator device 7 comprises a first element consisting of a plate 65, comprising a front face 65a and a rear face 65b. The control device 7 can be fixed for example to a device for tensioning a cable, such as the cable tensioning device 3 already described, by this plate 65. The control device 7 comprises a second element consisting of a piece 66 shaped jumper or shackle. This jumper comprises two substantially parallel branches 66a and 66b connected by an intermediate portion 66c substantially flat. The branches 66a and 66b comprise openings for receiving an axis 9 for fixing the device, for example at the fixed point 111 of a high structure 150.

 The plate 65 and the intermediate portion 66c of the jumper 66 each comprise an opening, and are fixed to each other by a screw-nut assembly 68a and 68b passing through these openings. The control device 7 further comprises a conical washer 69 whose crushing pressure is calibrated, for example a Belleville washer, mounted on the screw 68a, between the nut 68b and the plate 65 in the example illustrated in FIGS. 5B, but could be mounted between the head of the screw 68a and the intermediate portion 66c of the rider 66.

 Between the jumper 66 and the plate 65 is a control washer 70 also traversed by the screw 68a, which may take the form of a plate having a flange 70a parallel to the screw 68a, clearly visible to the user of the control device 7.

 The charge indicator device 7 is for example installed between a fixed point 111 of a structure 150 connected to the axis 9 and a cable tensioner connected to the plate 65. When the user exerts a tension on the cable, this voltage This causes a pressure on the conical washer 69. When the tension reaches a certain value, the conical washer crushes abruptly, causing a clearance between the plate 65 and the rider 66 and releases the control washer 70 around the screw 68a. The user can thus be warned that he has reached a sufficient voltage on the cable.

 The device is not limited to the use of a single conical washer: several washers can be mounted in series on the same screw, and / or in parallel on several screws.

 In a second variant illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the load-indicating device 107 comprises a first element consisting of a plate 65, comprising a front face 65a and a rear face 65b. Through this plate 65, the load-indicating device 107 can be attached to a device for tensioning a cable, such as the cable tensioning device 3 already described, or to an impulse load-absorbing device 6. described later.

The load indicator device 107 comprises a second element consisting of a piece 66 in the form of a jumper or shackle. This jumper comprises two branches 66a and 66b substantially parallel to each other, connected by a part substantially flat intermediate 66c. In the vicinity of their end, the branches 66a and 66b comprise openings for receiving an axis 9 for fixing the device, for example at the fixed point 111 of a structure 150.

 The load indicator device 107 comprises a third element consisting of a piece also 71 in the form of a jumper, comprising two branches 71a and 71b substantially parallel to each other, parallel to the branches 66a, 66b of the second element and coming in superposition. The branches of this third element are connected by a substantially flat intermediate portion 71c.

 The jumper 66, the plate 65 and the jumper 71 are mounted, in this order, on a screw 68a which passes through openings in the intermediate portion 66c, in the plate 65 and in the intermediate portion 71c, so that the intermediate portion 71c of the jumper 71 is supported on the front face 65a of the plate 65, and the intermediate portion 66c bears on the rear face 65b of the plate 65.

 The screw 68a takes place between the branches 66a and 66b and between the branches 71a and 71b. It comprises a support piece at each end, namely a screw head 68b at its end adjacent to the front face 65a of the plate 65 and a nut 73 between the branches 66a and 66b. The screw 68a could be replaced by a threaded rod and the head of the screw replaced by a second nut.

 Around this rod 68a and between the nut 73 and the inner face of the intermediate portion 66c is mounted a helical spring 72 which works in compression, so that it keeps applied elastically between them, the rider 66, the plate 65 and the jumper 71. It is therefore possible to separate the parts 65 and 66 when the tension of the cable is applied between them, the jumper 71 remaining applied to the front face 65a of the plate 65.

 Furthermore, the branches 71a and 71b of the jumper 71 each comprise an elongate opening, respectively 74a and 74b (not visible). At least one edge of these openings has a graduation, 74c along the opening 74a and 74d along the opening 74b (not visible).

The intermediate portion 66c of the rider 66 has two projections 66d, 66e, which take place respectively in the openings 74a, 74b. When a force tending to move the plate 65 and the rider 66 is applied, the spring 72 is compressed, the plate 65 and the rider 71 on the one hand, the rider 66 on the other hand, part and the protruding parts 66d, 66e move in openings 74a, 74b in front of the graduations 74c, 74d. The branches 71a, 71b of the part 71 thus constitute graduated strips.

 In another embodiment (not shown), the index can be fixed relative to the plate 65 and the fixed strip relative to the rider 66.

 The charge indicating device 107 may be installed between a fixed point 111 of the structure 150, connected to the axis 9 and a cable tensioner 3 connected to the plate 65 via the impulse charge absorber 6. When the user exerts a tension on the cable, this voltage results in a displacement of the indexes 66d, 66e along the graduated strips. The user thus knows the tension of the cable and can thus be warned that he has reached a sufficient voltage. The fact of having two strips allows it to have an indication of the tension whatever the orientation of the absorber - tensioner.

The impulse load absorbing device 6 for cable tensioner 3, illustrated in FIG. 7, comprises a winding 75 of deformable material, for example mild steel, so the turns are contiguous. At each of its ends this winding comprises a fixing means comprising:

 a plate 76a, 76b of the same diameter as the winding 75, fixed to a respective end of the winding, for example by welding,

 a screw 77a, 77b, fixed to a respective plate, which extends in the same direction as the winding.

 The absorber-tensioner 1 comprises two windings 75a, 75b, parallel to each other, connected at their ends by two plates 65, 60. The plate 65 is common to the load-absorbing device 6 and to the load-indicating device 7 or 107 according to the variant.

Claims

claims Device (3) for tensioning a cable (10) between two fixed points (110, 111), comprising: means for guiding the cable (4),  - Means for holding a towed end (10T) of the cable, comprising a carriage (5) adapted to move along the cable guide means (4),  means for driving the carriage (5) in longitudinal displacement, distinct from the means for guiding the cable (4), so that the displacement of the carriage (5) causes the tensioning of the cable. 2. Device for tensioning a cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the cable guide means comprise a tube (4) traversed by the cable (10) between an inlet (4a) on the side of its fixed end (10F) and an outlet (4b) on the side of its towed end (10T). 3. Device for tensioning a cable according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for driving the carriage (5) in motion comprises a threaded rod (100). 4. Device for tensioning a cable according to claim 3, characterized in that said tube (4) and said threaded rod (100) extend substantially parallel to a direction of extension of the cable (10). Tensioning device according to claim 4, characterized in that the tube (4) and the threaded rod (100) extend in the same direction from a first face of a support means (60), said tube (4) being mounted rigidly integral by its end corresponding to its outlet (4b) on a corresponding through opening of the support means (60), said threaded rod being rotatably mounted about its axis on the support means ( 60) by a first end (100a). Device for tensioning a cable according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a cable winding means on substantially 180 °, disposed on a second face of the support means (60) opposite the first face, so that the movement of the carriage (5) towards the inlet (4a) of the tube (4) causes the entry of a cable portion (10) in the tube (4). Tensioning device according to claim 6, characterized in that the winding means of the cable comprises a roller (11) or a pulley whose axis of rotation is orthogonal to the axis of the tube (4), or a half circumference. 8. Device for tensioning a cable according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the carriage (5) comprises:  at least one through opening (47a) traversed by the tube (4), at least one threaded aperture (200a) which cooperates with the thread of the threaded rod (100), so that when the threaded rod (100) is rotated, the carriage (5) moves towards the inlet (4a ) or the outlet (4b) of the tube. 9. Device for tensioning a cable according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the threaded rod (100) comprises a gripping means (12a) for its rotation. 10. Device for tensioning a cable according to one of claims 3 to 9, further comprising a non-return device (2) for the cable, this device being fixed to the inlet (4a) of the tube (4) and to a second end (100b) of the threaded rod (100). 11. Apparatus for tensioning a cable according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a load control device (7) comprising a first element (65) secured to the cable tensioner and a second element (66), fixed one to the other by at least one fastening means, each fastening means comprising: at least one abruptly deformable means (69) under the effect of a force intended to move the two elements apart, this deformation causing play in fixing the two elements, - a control means (70a) of the formation of this game. 12. Device for tensioning a cable according to one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a load indicator device (107) comprising a first element (65) integral with the cable tensioner and a second element (66), connected to the to one another by at least one connecting means comprising at least one elastic means (72) provided to deform under the effect of the tension applied to the cable (10). 13. Tensioner absorber device (1) for a lifeline comprising a device (3) for tensioning a cable according to any one of the preceding claims and an impulse load absorber (6).