WO2012053570A1 - 高延性、高耐食性で耐遅れ破壊性に優れたNi基アモルファス合金 - Google Patents
高延性、高耐食性で耐遅れ破壊性に優れたNi基アモルファス合金 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012053570A1 WO2012053570A1 PCT/JP2011/074079 JP2011074079W WO2012053570A1 WO 2012053570 A1 WO2012053570 A1 WO 2012053570A1 JP 2011074079 W JP2011074079 W JP 2011074079W WO 2012053570 A1 WO2012053570 A1 WO 2012053570A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/04—Amorphous alloys with nickel or cobalt as the major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/11—Making amorphous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/02—Amorphous alloys with iron as the major constituent
Definitions
- the claimed invention relates to a Ni-based amorphous alloy that can be used in a large amount as an industrial material and has both high ductility, delayed fracture resistance due to hydrogen, and high corrosion resistance.
- Fe-based amorphous alloys such as Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-Mo have excellent corrosion resistance. Therefore, there are many papers and patents that have been studied since ancient times.
- a typical example is Fe-Cr-Mo-P based patent No. 3805601.
- the semi-metal for amorphization is mainly P (refer to the paper; Koji Hashimoto, Amorphous Stainless Steel, Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 8, No. 5 (1979)), which is useful for forming a highly corrosion-resistant passive state. It is.
- the main forms are PC and PB.
- the Fe-based amorphous alloy has low ductility.
- the ductility evaluation was performed by a 180 ° adhesion bending test of the ribbon, and an amorphous ribbon for obtaining the ductility evaluation index was prepared as follows. A mixture of pure metal and metalloid with each amorphous alloy component was melted by high-frequency heating in an Ar atmosphere, and cast with a Cu mold to obtain a master alloy. The mother alloy was again melted by high frequency heating in an Ar atmosphere and sprayed onto a single roll to obtain an amorphous ribbon. The amorphous alloying confirmed a halo peak by X-ray diffraction (see Fig. 1).
- the thickness of the amorphous ribbon was 30 microns and 60 microns by changing the number of rotations of the single roll.
- This ribbon was subjected to a 180 ° adhesion bending test and used as an evaluation index of ductility depending on whether or not the ribbon was broken.
- the evaluation index is Index: 4. Thickness of 30 and 60 microns with 180 ° tight bend without break 3. Thickness of 30 microns with no breakage, 60 microns with 50% breakdown 2. Thickness with 30 microns with no breakage, thickness of 60 microns Breaking at 1. Thickness at 30 and 60 microns.
- the above-mentioned Fe-Cr-Mo-based amorphous alloy uses a semi-metal "P” for making it amorphous and for improving corrosion resistance. This absorption of hydrogen at “P” causes destruction of the film over time. In 1971, sales of the product were discontinued at Allied Chemical Co. in the United States (see Ken Masumoto, Research Flow of Amorphous Metals, Maria, Vol. 37, No. 5 (1998)).
- the above-mentioned chemical pump shaft has a long amorphous film and has been in operation for almost 3 years ⁇ 5 times the life of a normal alloy ⁇ . Now, we think that the usage period is 3 years or less. Now, as an industrial material, the requirement for excellent corrosion resistance life of an amorphous alloy film is 10, 30, 50, 100, 200 years, although it varies depending on the place of use. Delayed destruction is a fatal defect.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 report the corrosion resistance of Ni—Cr—PB amorphous to dilute hydrochloric acid.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 discloses a wide range of components as “high strength, high corrosion resistance Ni-based amorphous alloy”.
- JP 60-002641 A JP-A-61-243142 JP 2001-049407 A JP-A-8-225901
- Ni-based amorphous alloys described in the literature have many combinations of PB, PC, and P-Si as the semimetals, and many alloys have the above component ratios changed.
- Ni 80-x -Cr x -16P-4B has been widely introduced as a separator for fuel cells.
- Ni-Cr-B was also introduced.
- These Ni-based amorphous alloys use a semi-metal “P” which is a factor of delayed fracture for amorphization and the like.
- the ductility is low, making it difficult to construct and not widely used as an industrial material.
- the present invention solves the problems such as delayed fracture and ductility, and provides a full-scale industrial material amorphous alloy having a wide range of applications having the following characteristics.
- -Excellent ductility The ductility evaluation index is based on the 4-level evaluation index of 4 described above.
- Excellent delayed fracture resistance Semi-alloys for amorphization do not use “P” that absorbs hydrogen, but consider only ductility, for example, only “B”.
- -Maintaining high corrosion resistance Fe-Cr-Mo based high Cr showed high performance corrosion resistance in both reducing ⁇ hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid ⁇ and oxidizing environment ⁇ nitric acid, Cl water ⁇ .
- High wear resistance Hardness HV, which is an evaluation index of wear resistance, is set to 800 to 1000.
- the hardness of the Fe—Cr—Mo base is 800 to 1100.
- the Ni-based amorphous alloy of the present invention is configured as follows so as to have the above characteristics. That is, -Ensuring high ductility Generally, when an alloy is composed of three or more constituent elements and the amount used is larger than the main element of the alloy, the ductility is lost. Therefore, a large amount (at%) of Ni as a basic element is set this time. Regarding this, FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the basic substrate Ni content (at%) and the ductility evaluation index for many component systems. Accordingly, in order to obtain the ductility evaluation index 4, although there is a slight error depending on the number and type of component alloys, the amount of Ni is at least 63% (at%) or more.
- the alloy used other than Ni and B was one or more of Cr, Mo, and Nb.
- W, V.Ta, Co, etc. may be added, but in order to ensure ductility, a large amount (exceeding any of Cr, Mo, Nb, for example, 2 at% or more) cannot be added.
- the role of each ingredient is Mo: Improves corrosion resistance in a reducing environment.
- Cr Improves corrosion resistance in an oxidizing environment.
- Nb Excellent corrosion resistance. When combined with Mo, corrosion resistance is further improved.
- Amorphous alloys in these component systems a) Component systems corresponding to reducing environment hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid Ni-Mo-B, Ni-Mo-Nb-B b) Ingredients Ni-Cr-Mo-B, Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb-B corresponding to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid and hypochlorous acid in reducing environment c) The component system Ni-Cr-B corresponding to nitric acid in an oxidizing environment. This amorphous alloy exhibits corrosion resistance to sulfuric acid and sodium hypochlorite in addition to nitric acid. All the above component systems also have phosphoric acid and caustic soda corrosion resistance.
- the present invention is a Ni-based amorphous alloy having the composition described in the claims.
- Ni-based amorphous alloy of the invention contains 63 at% or more of Ni as described above, and contains only a metal other than P (B, C, Si, etc.) as a semimetal for amorphization. is there.
- B may be contained in an amount of 10 to 25 at% as the semimetal, and one or more of Cr, Mo, and Nb may be contained as the remaining main elements.
- Examples of such Ni-based amorphous alloys include the following component systems. In addition, in this component system, all have the characteristic which was excellent in the corrosion resistance of phosphoric acid and caustic soda.
- Amorphous alloy represented by the component Ni 100-xy Mo x B y is ductile, excellent resistance to delayed fracture. It has excellent corrosion resistance in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrofluoric acid in a reducing environment.
- the amount of Ni is 66 at% ⁇ Ni
- the alloy of x and y is in the range of 5 at% ⁇ x ⁇ 21 at% and 10 at% ⁇ y ⁇ 25 at%.
- Tables 1 and 2 of the test results the performance shows excellent ductility and excellent corrosion resistance against the above chemicals. It also has excellent delayed fracture resistance.
- the amorphous alloy indicated by the component system Ni 100-xyz Mo x Nb y B z has ductility and excellent delayed fracture resistance. It also has excellent corrosion resistance performance in reducing environments such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, boiling acid and sodium hypochlorite.
- the amount of Ni is 71.5 at% ⁇ Ni
- x, y, and z in the formula are 0.1 at% ⁇ x ⁇ 15 at%, 0.1 at% ⁇ y ⁇ 10 at%, 10 at% ⁇ z ⁇ 20 at%, respectively.
- Tables 1 and 2 of the test results the performance shows excellent ductility and corrosion resistance. Excellent delayed fracture resistance
- the amorphous alloy indicated by the component system Ni 100-xyz Cr x Mo y B z has ductility and excellent delayed fracture resistance. Excellent corrosion resistance in reducing environment such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid and sodium hypochlorite.
- the amount of Ni is 64 at% ⁇ Ni
- x, y, and z are 10 at% ⁇ x ⁇ 25 at%, 0 at% ⁇ y ⁇ 10 at%, and 10 at% ⁇ z ⁇ 25 at%, respectively.
- Tables 1 and 2 of the test results the performance shows excellent ductility and corrosion resistance. It also has excellent delayed fracture resistance.
- the amorphous alloy indicated by the component system Ni 100-wxyz Cr w Mo x Nb y B z has ductility and excellent delayed fracture resistance. Excellent corrosion resistance in reducing environments such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid and sodium hypochlorite.
- the amount of Ni is 64 at% ⁇ Ni
- w, x, y, and z are 0.1 at% ⁇ w ⁇ 15 at%, 0.1 at% ⁇ x ⁇ 20 at%, 0.1 at% ⁇ y ⁇ 10 at%, 10 at, respectively.
- Tables 1 and 2 of the test results the performance shows excellent ductility and corrosion resistance. It also has excellent delayed fracture resistance.
- Amorphous alloy represented by the component Ni 100-X-Y Cr X B y is ductile, excellent resistance to delayed fracture. It has excellent corrosion resistance to nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and sodium hypochlorite in an oxidizing environment.
- the Ni amount is 63 at% ⁇ Ni
- X and Y are 20 at% ⁇ x ⁇ 30 at% and 10 at% ⁇ y ⁇ 25 at%, respectively.
- Tables 1 and 2 of the test results the performance shows excellent ductility and corrosion resistance. Also has excellent delayed fracture resistance.
- Ni-based amorphous alloy of the present invention is excellent in all of ductility, delayed fracture resistance, corrosion resistance and high wear resistance, and is developed as a full-scale industrial material with a wide range of applications. Is possible.
- FIG. 3 (a) shows the Ni-15Mo-19B film
- FIG. 3 (b) shows the Fe-Cr-Mo type film.
- 4A, 4B, and 4C are explanatory diagrams showing an outline of the delayed fracture test.
- Ni-based amorphous alloy according to the invention can be manufactured by a so-called single roll method or twin roll method using one or two cooled rolls, or manufactured by a thermal spray method using a thermal spraying device with a rapid cooling function. can do.
- the inventors produced a ribbon (metal flake) made of a Ni-based amorphous alloy by the single roll method according to the following procedure. That is, for each amorphous alloy shown in Table 1, first, a mixture of pure metal and semimetal of each corresponding component was melted by high-frequency heating in an Ar atmosphere and cast with a Cu mold to obtain a master alloy. . The mother alloy was again melted by high-frequency heating in an Ar atmosphere and sprayed onto the surface of a single roll that was being rotated while cooling from the inside to obtain an amorphous ribbon. The thickness of the amorphous ribbon was set to 30 ⁇ m and 60 ⁇ m by changing the rotation speed of the single roll. The ribbon was confirmed to be amorphous by observing a halo peak by X-ray diffraction (see FIG. 1).
- the thermal spraying powder is manufactured by a gas atomizing method, and the alloy compositions thereof are Ni-15Mo-19B and Ni-10Mo-5Nb-13.5B.
- an amorphous film was formed on a rolling conveyance roll having a spraying range of ⁇ 130 ⁇ 300L.
- the substrate temperature during thermal spraying was maintained at 100 to 150 ° C., and the cooling nitrogen pressure was 0.2 MPa.
- an Fe-35Cr-9Mo-8P-8C-8B alloy powder was sprayed under the conditions of the same shape base material and the same base material holding temperature. A photograph of the cross section of the formed film is shown in FIG. The difference between the two is obvious.
- the Ni-15Mo-19B coating ( Figure 3 (a)) is clean with no cracks or consistent holes. It is considered that the difference in linear expansion between the base material and the amorphous alloy is erased by the ductility.
- the film was amorphous, but it was a poor quality film in which many cracks were confirmed.
- a cushion alloy film is usually formed between the amorphous alloy and the base material in order to eliminate the occurrence of stress due to the difference in linear expansion.
- the Ni-15Mo-19B amorphous alloy film has a hardness index HV indicating the wear resistance of 900, which can be said to have sufficient wear resistance.
- the inventors conducted a delayed fracture test of an amorphous alloy using a test method that promotes hydrogen embrittlement.
- the test method is also described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-146225, but here, the test was performed by the following method. That is, the amorphous alloy (such as the ribbon) is cut into a test piece 1 having the shape shown in FIG. 4A, bent to a bending diameter of 4 mm as shown in FIG. 4B, and fixed with a jig. To do.
- test piece 1 and the like in this state are immersed in a dilute hydrochloric acid electrolytic solution as shown in FIG. 4C, and a current having a current density of about 320 A / m 2 is passed using the test piece 1 as a negative electrode.
- a current having a current density of about 320 A / m 2 is passed using the test piece 1 as a negative electrode.
- the test was conducted on amorphous alloys of 70Fe-10Cr-13P-7C and 66Ni-15Mo-19B. The results are shown in Table 3. 70Fe-10Cr-13P-7C containing P broke in 7 minutes, but 66Ni-15Mo-19B broke in 29 minutes and was four times more resistant.
- the relationship between the delayed fracture time in this test and the service life of the actual machine is not clear, but it is certain that the service life of delayed fracture is long.
- Ni-based amorphous alloy according to the invention is widely used as an industrial material that requires ductility, delayed fracture resistance, corrosion resistance, and the like, and can be used, for example, as a surface film of a pump shaft for acid feeding.
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Abstract
Description
既に、この一部成分系のアモルファス合金は既に商品化されている。それは、薬品用化学プラントでの送酸(塩酸、沸酸、リン酸)用ポンプ軸の表面に皮膜にして使用されている。その性能は耐食性、耐摩耗性に於いて、ハステロイ合金の5倍以上である。現在、実機で稼働中である。ところが、これら成分系のアモルファス合金皮膜の作製とその後の皮膜には課題がある。その内容と対応は次の様なものである。
延性評価はリボンの180°の密着曲げ試験で行い、その延性評価指数を得る為のアモルファスリボンは次の内容で作製した。それぞれのアモルファス合金成分で純金属と半金属の混合物をAr雰囲気中で、高周波加熱で溶解し、Cu製の鋳型で鋳造して母合金を得た。母合金を再度、Ar雰囲気中の高周波加熱で溶解し、単ロールへ吹きつけアモルファスリボンを得た。そのアモルファス合金化はX線回折でハローピークを(図1参照)確認。アモルファスリボンの厚みは単ロールの回転数を変えて30ミクロンおよび60ミクロンとした。此のリボンで180°の密着曲げ試験を行い、リボンの破壊有無により延性の評価指数とした。その評価指数とは、
指数;4・・厚み30,60ミクロンで180°の密着曲げで破壊なし
3・・厚み30ミクロンで破壊なし、厚み60ミクロンで50%が破壊
2・・厚み30ミクロンで破壊なし、厚み60ミクロンで破壊
1・・厚み30,60ミクロンでともに破壊
上記のFe-Cr-Mo系アモルファス合金では、延性があるとされる70Fe-10Cr-13P-7Cでも、延性評価指数;2で良くない。又。耐食性の向上のためにCrを増やせば増やすほど延性は悪くなる。この為、皮膜作成時に基材との線膨張係数差が3×10-6以上であると、皮膜作製時と作製後、基材と皮膜の温度差を極力無くす為に、常温になるまで15度/分位の冷却速度コントロールをする必要がある。そうでないと、線膨張係数差により、皮膜に急激に応力が働き、皮膜にクラックが発生しやすい。又,さらに、これら現象を軽減する為に、クッション合金材を基材とアモルファス皮膜合金との間に入れる必要もある。これで、温度による線膨張差の応力をクッション合金材で軽減させて、良好な皮膜形成を行なう。なお、発明によるアモルファス合金の延性の結果については表1に示す。
上記Fe-Cr-Mo基アモルファス合金はアモルファス化する為と耐食性向上の為に半金属「P」を使用している。この「P」での水素吸収により、時間を経て、皮膜を破壊する事が起きる。これについては、1971年、米国のAllied Chemical社で製品の販売が中止されている(増本健、アモルファス金属研究の流れ、まてりあ、第37巻、第5号(1998)参照)。上記化学用ポンプ軸のアモルファス皮膜は長いもので3年弱実稼働している{通常合金の5倍の寿命}。今は、使用期間は3年以下と考えている。今、工業用材料として、アモルファス合金皮膜の優れた耐食性寿命要求は使用箇所によって違うが10,30,50,100,200年となってきている。遅れ破壊は致命的な欠陥となる。
たとえば特許文献1・2により、Ni-Cr-P-B系アモルファスの希塩酸への耐食性が報告されている。
又最近では、特許文献3・4がある。特に特許文献3は「高強度、高耐食性Ni基アモルファス合金」として広い範囲での成分を開示している。すなわち、Ni(80-w-x-y)NbwCrxMoyP20-zBzで0.1≦W≦10,4≦X≦18,3≦Y≦12,4≦Z≦6の範囲となっている。
これらのNi基アモルファス合金は、アモルファス化等のために、遅れ破壊の要因である半金属「P」を使用している。又Ni量の少なさによって延性が低い為に、施工がしにくく工業用材料として広く普及しない。
・ 延性に優れていること: 延性評価指数は上記内容の4段階評価指数の指数4を前提とする。
・ 耐遅れ破壊性に優れること: アモルファス化する為の半合金は水素を吸収する「P」を使わずに、延性も考慮して、たとえば「B」のみとする。
・ 高耐食の維持: Fe-Cr-Mo基の高Crは還元性{塩酸、硫酸}、酸化性環境{硝酸、Cl水}の両方に高性能耐食性を示した。今回は還元性環境と酸化性環境と二つの成分系に分けて対応する。
・ 高耐摩耗性であること: 耐摩耗性の評価指数である硬度HVで800~1000とする。なお、Fe―Cr-Mo基の硬度は800~1100である。
・ 高延性の確保
一般に合金を3構成元素以上でその使用量が合金の主元素に対し多くなると延性は失われていく。従って、今回は基本元素であるNiの量(at%)を多く設定する。これについては、多くの成分系について基本基材Ni量(at%)と延性評価指数の関係を図2に示す。これより、延性評価指数4を得るためには成分合金の数、種類によって若干の誤差はあるものの、Niの量は最低63%(at%)以上である。
アモルファス化するために使用される半金属として、遅れ破壊を誘発する「P」を使用しない。実施例では「B」を基準半金属とする。なお、Pを含有しないこととすると、その僅かなコンタミをも嫌うIC基板の洗浄機器用材料としても適する。
本発明では延性向上に力を入れている。従って、Ni基の量が多い為に、他の使用元素の数と使用量は少なくした。この為の耐食性性能の劣化を防ぐ為に、各成分系毎の最適組織を明確にした。実施例において、Ni,B以外の使用合金はCr,Mo,Nbのいずれか1以上とした。他にW,V.Ta,Co等を入れて良いが、延性の確保のために多くの量(Cr,Mo,Nbのいずれかを超える程度。たとえば各2at%以上)は入れる事は出来ない。それぞれの成分の役割は、
Mo;還元性環境での耐食性を向上、多く入れると延性を損なう。
Cr;酸化性環境での耐食性を向上、多く入れると延性を損なう。
Nb;耐食性に優れ、Moと組み合わせると更に耐食性を向上させる・
これら成分系でのアモルファス合金について
a) 還元性環境の塩酸、硫酸,沸酸に対応した成分系
Ni-Mo-B、Ni-Mo-Nb-B
b) 還元性環境の塩酸、硫酸、沸酸と次亜塩素酸に対応した成分系
Ni-Cr-Mo-B、Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb-B
c) 酸化性環境の硝酸に対応した成分系
Ni-Cr-Bとした。このアモルファス合金は、硝酸以外に、硫酸、次亜塩素酸ソーダにも耐食性を示す。
なお、全ての上記成分系では燐酸、苛性ソーダの耐食性も有している。
基材NI基の成分最低量が規定されると、耐食性からCr、Mo、Nbの量も限定される。そこで、耐摩耗性が要求される場合は、B量を最低10%に迄落として、それ見合ったCr,Mo量を増やし硬度を向上させる。
すなわち、発明のNi基アモルファス合金は、上記のようにNiを63at%以上含有させるとともに、アモルファス化のための半金属としてP以外のもの(BやC,Si等)のみを含有させたものである。上記半金属としてたとえばBを10~25at%含有させ、残りの主要元素としてCr、Mo、Nbのうちから1以上を含有させるとよい。こうしたNi基アモルファス合金の例としてつぎのような成分系のものがあげられる。なお、この成分系では全てが燐酸、苛性ソーダーの耐食性に優れた特性がある。
ここで、Niの量は66at%≦Ni として、x、yの合金が5 at%≦x≦21at%、10at%≦y≦25at%の範囲内としている。その性能は試験結果の表1、表2に示すように、優れた延性と上記薬品に対して優れた耐食性を示す。又耐遅れ破壊性に優れる。
ここで、Niの量は71.5at%≦Niとして、式中のx、y、zはそれぞれ0.1at%≦x≦15at%、0.1at%≦y≦10at%、10at%≦z≦20at%とする。その性能は試験結果の表1、表2に示してあるように優れた延性と耐食性を示す。又耐遅れ破壊性に優れる
ここで、Niの量は64at%≦Niとして、x、y、zはそれぞれ10at%≦x≦25at%、0at%≦y≦10at%、10at%≦z≦25at%とする。その性能は試験結果の表1、表2に示してあるように優れた延性と耐食性を示す。又耐遅れ破壊性に優れる。
ここで、Niの量は64at%≦Niとして、w、x、y、zはそれぞれ0.1at%≦w≦15at%、0.1at%≦x≦20at%、0.1at%≦y≦10at%、10at%≦z≦25at%とする。その性能は試験結果の表1、表2に示してあるように優れた延性と耐食性を示す。又耐遅れ破壊性に優れる。
ここでNi量は63at%≦Niとして、それぞれX、Yは20at%≦x≦30at%、10at%≦y≦25at%、とする。その性能は試験結果の表1、表2に示してあるように優れた延性と耐食性を示す。又耐遅れ破壊性にすぐれる。
上記で作製した各アモルファスリボンについて、常温で35%塩酸、沸酸への浸漬試験を行った。そのリボンの重量変化を経過観測して、その減量率で腐食板厚を算定し、耐食性の評価を行った。その結果を表1に示す。
上記で作製した各アモルファスリボンについて180°の密着曲げ試験を行い、リボンの破壊の有無により、各アモルファス合金に関する延性の評価を行った。その結果を、上記の表1に併せて示す。なお、延性の評価指数は、前述のものと同じ基準にしたがい1~4のいずれかで表す。
基板{鉄材;SS41}の表面上に、延性の良いNi-15Mo-19B(延性評価指数:4)と延性の悪い(延性評価指数;1)Fe-35Cr-9Mo-8P-8C-8Bの各アモルファス合金皮膜を、溶射によって300ミクロンの厚さに形成した。当該皮膜の形成は、材料粒子粉末を含む火炎を基材に向けて溶射ガンより噴射し、当該粉末をその火炎中で溶融させたうえ、当該粉末および火炎を基材に達する前から冷却ガスにて冷却する、といった機能を有する溶射装置(たとえば特開2010-22895号公報に示すもの)を使用して行った。溶射用粉末はガスアトマイズ法にて製造し、その合金組成は、Ni-15Mo-19B及びNi-10Mo-5Nb-13.5Bである。この粉末を上記装置で使用することにより、φ130×300Lの溶射範囲を持つ圧延搬送ロール等にアモルファス皮膜の形成を行った。このとき、溶射中の基材温度は100~150℃で保持し、冷却の窒素圧力は0.2MPaであった。また、同形状基材・同基材保持温度の条件で、Fe-35Cr-9Mo-8P-8C-8Bの合金粉末を溶射した。
形成した皮膜の断面の写真を図3に示す。両者の差は歴然である。Ni―15Mo-19Bの皮膜(図3(a))はクラックや一貫孔が無くきれいである。基材とアモルファス合金の線膨張差が延性によりかき消されていると考えられる。一方、図3(b)のFe-Cr-Mo系の皮膜形成に関しては、皮膜はアモルファスにはなったが、割れが多数確認される品質の悪い皮膜であった。Fe-Cr-Mo系おいては、この線膨張差による応力発生を無くすために、通常はアモルファス合金と基材間にクッション合金の皮膜を形成させる。
又、Ni-15Mo-19Bのアモルファス合金皮膜について、耐摩耗性を示す硬度指数HVは900であり、十分な耐摩耗性があるといえる。
鉄鋼業ではPは結晶の粒界に酸化物を形成したり、不純物を形成する。更に、これらと残留γが時間と共に水素吸収し粒界を膨張させて金属組織を破壊に至らしめる。この為に発明者らは、水素脆化を促進する試験方法を用いてアモルファス合金の遅れ破壊試験を行った。試験方法は特開平7-146225号公報にも記載があるが、ここでは下記の方式で行った。
すなわち、アモルファス合金(前記リボン等)を切断等して図4(a)に示す形状の試験片1とし、それを、図4(b)のように曲げ直径4mmに曲げたうえ、冶具で固定する。その状態の試験片1等を、図4(c)のように希塩酸電解溶液中に浸漬し、試験片1を負電極として、電流密度320A/m2程度の電流を流す。試験片1に遅れ破壊が発生する際、電解開始からそのときまでの時間を測定する。
試験は、70Fe-10Cr-13P-7Cと66Ni-15Mo-19Bのアモルファス合金について行った。その結果を表3に示す。Pの入った70Fe-10Cr-13P-7Cは7分で破壊したが、66Ni-15Mo-19Bは29分で破壊し、4倍の耐性がある。この試験による遅れ破壊時間と実機での耐用年数の関係は明確ではないが、しかし、確実に遅れ破壊の耐用年数が長い事は確実である。
Claims (7)
- 高延性、高耐食性で耐遅れ破壊性に優れたNi基アモルファス合金であって、
Niを63at%以上含有するとともに、アモルファス化のための半金属としてP以外のものを含有しPを含有しないことを特徴とするNi基アモルファス合金。 - Niを63at%以上含有するとともに、アモルファス化のための半金属としてBを10at%以上25at%以下だけ含有し、残りの主要元素がCr、Mo、Nbのうちから選定された1以上のものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のNi基アモルファス合金。
- 還元性環境の塩酸、硫酸、沸酸と燐酸、苛性ソーダに対して高耐食性のNi基アモルファス合金であり、
Ni100-x-yMoxByで示される組成を有し、Niが66at%以上で、5at%≦x≦21at%および10at%≦y≦25at%であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のNi基アモルファス合金。 - 還元性環境の塩酸、硫酸、沸酸と次亜塩素酸ソーダ、燐酸、苛性ソーダに対して高耐食性のNi基アモルファス合金であり、
Ni100-x-y-zMoxNbyBzで示される組成を有し、Niが71.5at%以上で、0.1at%≦x≦15at%、0.1at%≦y≦10at%および10at%≦z≦20at%であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のNi基アモルファス合金。 - 還元性環境の塩酸、硫酸、沸産と次亜塩素酸ソーダ、燐酸、苛性ソーダに対して高耐食性のNi基アモルファス合金であり、
Ni100-x-y-zCrxMoyBzで示される組成を有し、Niが64at%以上で、10at%≦x≦25at%、0at%≦y≦10at%および10at%≦z≦25at%であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のNi基アモルファス合金。 - 還元性環境の塩酸、硫酸、沸酸と次亜塩素酸ソーダ、燐酸、苛性ソーダに対して高耐食性のNi基アモルファス合金であり、
Ni100-w-x-y-zCrwMoxNbyBzで示される組成を有し、Niが64at%以上で、0.1at%≦w≦15at%、0.1at%≦x≦20at%、0.1at%≦y≦10at%および10at%≦z≦25at%であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のNi基アモルファス合金。 - 酸化性環境の硝酸と硫酸、次亜塩素酸ソーダ、燐酸、苛性ソーダに対して高耐食性のNi基アモルファス合金であり、
Ni100-x-yCrxByで示される組成を有し、Niが63at%以上で、20at%≦x≦30at%および10at%≦y≦25at%であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のNi基アモルファス合金。
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| RU2013122854/02A RU2574147C2 (ru) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-19 | АМОРФНЫЙ СПЛАВ НА ОСНОВЕ Ni С ВЫСОКОЙ ПЛАСТИЧНОСТЬЮ, ВЫСОКИМ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЕМ КОРРОЗИИ И ПРЕВОСХОДНЫМ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЕМ ЗАМЕДЛЕННОМУ РАЗРУШЕНИЮ |
| EP11834409.2A EP2631316A4 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-19 | Ni-BASED AMORPHOUS ALLOY WITH HIGH DUCTILITY, HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE AND EXCELLENT DELAYED FRACTURE RESISTANCE |
| KR1020137012734A KR101830924B1 (ko) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-19 | 고연성, 고내식성 및 뛰어난 지연 파괴 저항성을 갖는 Ni기 비정질 합금 |
| JP2012539757A JP5890313B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 | 2011-10-19 | 高延性、高耐食性で耐遅れ破壊性に優れたNi基アモルファス合金 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2012053570A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
| US20130263973A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
| RU2013122854A (ru) | 2014-11-27 |
| KR20130129944A (ko) | 2013-11-29 |
| KR101830924B1 (ko) | 2018-02-22 |
| CN103189539B (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
| EP2631316A1 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
| JP5890313B2 (ja) | 2016-03-22 |
| CN103189539A (zh) | 2013-07-03 |
| EP2631316A4 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
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