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WO2011138189A1 - Fil de sciage et bobine de fil de sciage comportant un adhésif et procédé pour empêcher des bobinages serrés - Google Patents

Fil de sciage et bobine de fil de sciage comportant un adhésif et procédé pour empêcher des bobinages serrés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011138189A1
WO2011138189A1 PCT/EP2011/056569 EP2011056569W WO2011138189A1 WO 2011138189 A1 WO2011138189 A1 WO 2011138189A1 EP 2011056569 W EP2011056569 W EP 2011056569W WO 2011138189 A1 WO2011138189 A1 WO 2011138189A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wire
sawing wire
adhesive
coil
sawing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2011/056569
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Carlo Cloet
Nilanjan Sen
Carl Vromant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bekaert NV SA
Original Assignee
Bekaert NV SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bekaert NV SA filed Critical Bekaert NV SA
Publication of WO2011138189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011138189A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D57/00—Sawing machines or sawing devices not covered by one of the preceding groups B23D45/00 - B23D55/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
    • B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
    • B65H75/18—Constructional details
    • B65H75/28—Arrangements for positively securing ends of material
    • B65H75/285—Holding devices to prevent the wound material from unwinding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coil of sawing wire possibly wound on a carrier.
  • the carrier can be a spool or a mandrel.
  • the wire is treated locally or totally with an adhesive.
  • the sawing wire can be a wire suitable for use in a loose abrasive sawing process (loose abrasive sawing wire) or it can have an abrasive fixed on its surface (fixed abrasive sawing wire) or it can be used for Electric Discharge Machining (EDM wire).
  • the wire is guided over four wire guides with parallel grooves thus forming a plane of parallel wires that is called the wire web.
  • the wire is moved in a reciprocal to-and-fro manner whereby constantly a part of the wire is removed at the web exit, while fresh wire is being added at the entrance of the web.
  • This machine has all features of what is currently called a 'multi wire sawing machine', which is actually a misnomer in that there is only one single wire present but this single wire is guided into multiple loops.
  • Motorola Inc. seems to have been the first to exploit the technology on a large scale to cut silicon wafers for the semiconductor industry (see e.g. GB 1397676). Steel wires were then used to carry the slurry with the abrasive into the cut.
  • wire saws have taken a leading position in that practically all current crystalline solar cells are cut from single crystalline or polycrystalline silicon ingots by means of wire saws.
  • solar cells are cut without reciprocal wire movement i.e. in unidirectional mode. This allows for much faster cutting as no time is lost in wire direction reversal (ramping-up and slowing-down).
  • Another wire saw technology that is used for cutting electrically conducting materials is 'Wire Electro Discharge Machining' or 'Wire EDM'.
  • the cut progresses by drawing electric discharges in a dielectric medium (an oil for example) between the work-piece and a conductive wire that is constantly renewed and defines the track of the cut.
  • a dielectric medium an oil for example
  • Such technology is making its first inroads for cutting semi-conducting materials such as silicon (see e.g. WO 2006/027946 A1 ).
  • sawing wire' is to be understood as referring to any one of a wire for loose abrasive sawing or a wire for fixed abrasive sawing or a wire suitable for use in Wire-EDM.
  • One source of wire fractures in the sawing process is the winding of the wire.
  • the sawing wire As the sawing wire is made in long lengths it is spooled on reels or bobbins. Alternatively it can be spooled on a mandrel that may or may not be removed out of the coil afterwards. In either case a coil of sawing wire will form on the spool or mandrel.
  • a 'sawing wire coil' thereby taking abstraction of the carrier of the coil: it is not relevant to the invention that the wire is on a certain type of carrier or not.
  • winding axis is horizontal, that the wire moves towards the observer during winding and that the wire arrives on the spool above the axis i.e. the spool rotates towards the observer when released from its axis (see Figure 1 ).
  • This frame of reference is by no means limiting as winding wire can equally well be done on a vertically organised wire winder, or on a winder where the spool is standing still while the wire is wound on the spool through a rotating flyer coaxially organised to the spool and moving up and down axially.
  • the windings are organised in layers during the winding of the spool as the wire is led in a reciprocal manner from the left side of the spool to right side of the spool and back.
  • a 'layer' is defined as that series of windings that form when the wire travels from one side of the spool to the other side.
  • Another layer is formed if the wire travels from the other side back to the first side.
  • odd numbered layers are layers wherein the wire is led from left to right during winding while even numbered layers are layers wherein the wire is led from right to left during winding.
  • a 'winding' within one layer takes the form a helix having a radius, a pitch length and pitch direction (right hand screw, 'Z' direction for even numbered layers with pitch P eV en, left hand screw, 'S' direction for odd numbered layers with pitch P 0 dd)-
  • the radius is equal to half the diameter of the coil already formed and increases during winding as successive layers build on one another.
  • the pitch length is the axial displacement that a wire shows over just one full turn around the coil axis.
  • the ratio of pitch to circumference of the coil is equal to the tangent of the winding angle. Thus - when winding at constant pitch - the winding angle will decrease with increasing coil diameter.
  • WCD Wire Coil Density
  • Wire winding pitches can be dictated by the unwinding station of the wire saw. Some wire saws are equipped with a take-off sheave that moves at a constant traverse speed. If the pitch of the sawing wire coil does not follow this unwinding pitch closely, the wire will be unwound at an unacceptable large angle relative to the axial perpendicular plane of the wire.
  • FIG. 2 Part I of Figure 2 shows a single layer 212 at the outside of the coil 210.
  • the layer 212 comprises different windings 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' and 'e' which have been spooled upon the coil in that order.
  • the visible half of the winding is indicated with a full line, while the not visible half is shown with a dashed line. Due to a disturbance, loop 216 of winding 'e' got trapped between the previously laid winding 'd' and the coil 210.
  • the arrangement of the windings can be changed due to attaching the end of the wire (usually by making a knot), by falling windings when changing the orientation of the spool (e.g. by putting it vertical), or by paper wrapping.
  • the inventors therefore set themselves the task to find a full proof solution to the 'clamping' and 'self-damage' problem.
  • the main object of the invention is therefore to eliminate the 'clamping' and 'self-damage' problem for any kind of sawing wire. More particularly the inventors wanted to eliminate these problems for fixed abrasive sawing wires, loose abrasive sawing wires and EDM wires. The inventors solved the problems on two levels: on the level of the sawing wire coil and on the level of the sawing wire on itself. Also a method to prevent clamped wires is offered.
  • a sawing wire coil is claimed with sawing wire wound in layers, each of said layers comprising a plurality of windings. From the previous section it is clear what is meant with a 'sawing wire coil' (paragraph [0009]), what is to be understood with a 'layer' (paragraph [001 1 ]) and what is meant with a 'winding' (paragraph [0012]).
  • the sawing wire within the context of this application is a metallic wire.
  • the sawing wire comprises a steel core and one or more coating layers possibly with the abrasive incorporated in it or free of abrasive.
  • the steel core is made of plain carbon steel (with a minimum carbon content of 0.70 wt% carbon) or a stainless steel.
  • the coatings can be brass (the preferred variant for loose abrasive sawing wire), zinc (in case of EDM Wire) or copper topped with a nickel coat (in case of fixed abrasive sawing wire, the abrasive particles are held in the copper coat)
  • preferred diameters and tensile strength of the sawing wire are if diameter is smaller than ... then tensile strength is larger than ...
  • Outer' layers are meant those layers that are last wound on the spool (and thus the layers to be unwound first). Any layer with windings visible from the outside is considered to be an Outer layer' (indicated with 302 in Figure 3).
  • - With 'area' is meant a part or the whole of the surface of the coil .
  • the area can be distributed over non-contiguous sub-areas, the area can be convex or concave, all this is not limiting the invention.
  • 'adhesive' is 'glue' or 'gum' or 'tacky substance' or 'sticky substance'.
  • the way in which the glue is distributed on the wire is immaterial: it can be by means of a brush, a sponge, a spray, a tape dispenser or any other means known in the art.
  • adhesive is not meant a tape with an adhesive substance on (such as a sellotape, scotch tape or the like) as this has been proven not to solve the problem.
  • this area 306 at least includes the spot where the sawing wire 304 ends (see Figure 3a).
  • the function of the adhesive is to just hold the wire windings sufficiently so that they do not move easily.
  • This 'holding force' can be determined by pealing of the wire in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the coil.
  • the holding force of the adhesive is determined by the specific force of the adhesive and the contact surface area between adhesive and wire: the larger the contact surface area, the stronger the holding force will be.
  • At least the holding force must be able to overcome the gravity force on at least one winding to prevent falling windings during transport and manipulation. This amounts to about 200 to 300 M N.
  • the adhesive area must be able to hold some windings in order to increase certainty that no windings will drop. Hence it is preferred if the holding force is larger than 1 mN.
  • the holding force should not be larger than the force by which the wire is pulled from the spool. In general the holding force is then lower than 25 N. By preference the holding force is below 5 N which is about the transient force occurring at a clamped wire. By preference this holding force must be lower than 1 N in order that unwinding at the adhesive area does not provoke transient force peaks.
  • the adhesive will be a relatively weak adhesive that may hold the wires by pure mechanical anchoring (curing around sawing wire thereby holding wire in place) or by weak chemical interaction (Van Der Waals forces, polar interactions, but not covalent binding) or both. Tests have shown that a holding force between 20 to 260 millinewton suffices to hold the wire in place and does not obstruct the unwinding of the wire.
  • windings should be held by the adhesive. All windings of the outer layers 302 can be fixed by the adhesive if the area 308 extends from one end of the coil to the other end on the outer layers of the coil (see Figure 3b). Every winding of the outer layers will thus be held for at least a part of the winding. In this way the tension on the sawing wire end can never be lost during mounting and threading of the wire saw: always the wire is held and no windings can drop.
  • the adhesive can be present in a circular band area 310 that encircles the axis of the coil (see Figure 3c).
  • the band should be wide enough that at least enough windings are present to thread the saw machine as once the winding progresses outside the band the windings are not longer held.
  • a combination of both is also possible when the area takes the shape of a helix band that extends from one end of the coil to the other end while it encircles the axis of the coil (embodiment not shown in figures).
  • the adhesive can also be present on the whole surface 312 of the outer layers which certainly allows a sufficient number of windings to be held while the saw machine is threaded (see Figure 3d).
  • the adhesive can also be present throughout the whole coil i.e. all layers are covered with adhesive (embodiment not shown in figures). This is particularly preferred if the machine is working in to-and-fro mode as then the coil of fresh wire is still covered with adhesive which acts as a cushion for re-wound used wire that is coated with abrasive. This embodiment is particularly preferred for fixed abrasive sawing wire.
  • Sawing wire is usually wound with pitches that are between 2 and 200
  • the pitch is between 4 and 20 times the diameter of the wire ⁇ '. It is generally neither desirable nor possible to wind sawing wires in 'perfect winding' as is e.g. done in case of fiber optic wire packs (US 4 950 049, US 5 064 490). As explained (paragraph [0018]) sawing wires behave 'springy' due to their very low bending stiffness and high tensile grade level and do not lend themselves to perfect winding at the winding speeds that are customary for sawing wire winders.
  • pitches (Podd and P eV en) are not an integer
  • the pitches are an integer multiple 'm' of 'D' the layers will be generally closed (except on those spots where a crossing occurs). With 'closed' is meant that windings of 'm' different layers lay one next to the other with the same radius. The 'm+1 'th layer will then start to form on top of these 'm' layers. If the pitches are not a multiple of 'D' a gap will be present between the wires thus forming an 'open' net through which adhesive can penetrate to a still lower radius layer, thereby enhancing the fixing of the coils. Hence, open layer winding is preferred.
  • the sawing wire is characterised in that it comprises an adhesive on at least a part of its surface. It has been clarified what is understood with a 'sawing wire' (paragraph [0024]) and an 'adhesive' (paragraph [0025]) in the context of this application. With 'on at least a part of the surface of said sawing wire' is meant that somewhere over the length of the sawing wire some adhesive can be found adhering to the wire.
  • the adhesive is soluble in a polar medium.
  • polar media are: - Water, that is generally used as a coolant agent in fixed abrasive wire sawing.
  • PEG Poly-ethyleneglycol
  • DEG di-ethyleneglycol
  • TEG tri-ethyleneglycol
  • tetra-ethyleneglycol If the number of number of ethyleneglycol monomers is larger than four one generally refers to PEG.
  • PEG - and to a lesser extent DEG - is particularly used as an abrasive carrier for loose abrasive sawing.
  • Alcohol in all its variations for example methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-propyl alcohol.
  • PEG is known to be hygroscopic and will absorb water during use.
  • the adhesive may interfere with the composition of the slurry in case of loose abrasive sawing. Indeed, the adhesive on the wire will be rubbed off in the first loops of the web and carried away by the slurry. In order to prevent clogging of tubing or conglomeration of abrasive on adhesive remnants, it is preferred that the adhesive dissolves in the slurry.
  • the coolant In case of fixed abrasive sawing, the coolant must be able to easily wash away the adhesive so that the abrasive particles in the coating can readily interact with the work piece.
  • adhesives which are soluble in at least one of the above mentioned polar media are those selected out of the group comprising: polyvinylpyrrolidone (the 'sticky' component in hairspray); polyvinyl acetate, methylcellulose, polyvynil alcohol, or ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers, polyethyloxazolines, or mixtures thereof.
  • Adhesives not necessarily soluble in polar media can be selected from the group comprising thermoplastic adhesives, hot melt adhesives, or thermosetting adhesives such as epoxy resins.
  • the adhesive can be a bioadhesive selected from the group comprising caserne, starch derivates, hydrogels, poly saccharide or protein based glues.
  • a corrosion inhibitor can be added to the adhesive.
  • exemplary types of corrosion inhibitors are: phosphates, silicates, silanes, carbonates or carbonic acids, sulfides or mercaptoderivates, amines or sulfonates or combinations thereof.
  • the presence of an adhesive can easily be ascertained by checking the holding force of the wire end.
  • the wire shows a certain 'tackiness' that can be felt by hand.
  • the type of adhesive can be inferred from infra-red spectroscopy which can be performed directly on the wire.
  • the amount of adhesive can be best determined through determination of the organic carbon residue content on the surface of the wire by means of carbon pyrolysis. In this test only a limited sample (1 to 2 grams) is needed. The sample is heated to 480°C till the organic residues (but not the carbon in the steel) on the sample decompose into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In a catalyser at 850°C all carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide. The total amount of carbon is calculated from the infra-red absorption of the carbon dioxide. The total amount of carbon remaining must at least be larger than 400 g carbon residue per gram of sawing wire. It should not be larger than about 3 000 g carbon residue per gram of sawing wire.
  • the adhesive is not only composed of carbon (but also hydrogen and oxygen) the numbers are less than those determined by other methods such as the double weighing method. Also it must be assessed that the carbon residue is indeed due to the adhesive (and not some other organic compound) something which can easily be assessed through IR
  • a method is provided to prevent clamped sawing wires that occur during unwinding on a wire saw.
  • the method comprises the step of winding a coil of sawing wire.
  • the wire is provided with an adhesive during coiling.
  • the outer surface of the sawing wire coil is provided with an adhesive after the coil has been fully wound. The adhesive is at least applied on an area of the outer surface of the sawing wire coil.
  • Figure 1 shows the reference frame on how one can situate windings and layers on a spool.
  • Figure 2 shows in a detailed way how clamped wires arise.
  • Figure 3 shows four different embodiments 'a', 'b', 'c' and 'd' on how the invention can be implemented.
  • polyvinylacetate on a 50/50 weight basis
  • 'glue' polyvinylacetate (on a 50/50 weight basis), called 'glue', hereinafter in different degrees of dilution in water.
  • a reference spool, LengthR, wound under equal circumstances as the first length spool but without administering any adhesive was made.
  • the spool was also unwound under identical circumstances as the first length.
  • the glue solution can be applied in a number of ways e.g. by means of spraying, dipping, painting or immersion.
  • the glue solution can be applied continuously during winding (e.g. by running the sawing wire through a dip tank or a glue application felt), intermittently (e.g. after a number of layers has been wound an automatic spray gun applies some glue to the intermediately formed coil without stopping the winding process) or finally after winding, (e.g. when the sawing wire coil is doffed, the outer surface is painted with a band of glue, preferably before de-tensioning the wire).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une bobine (210) de fil de sciage (304), laquelle bobine a, dans une région sur les bobinages visibles externe (302), de l'adhésif sur celle-ci de façon à immobiliser au moins les derniers bobinages du fil de sciage sur la bobine. Cette région peut être un point (306) d'adhésif autour de l'extrémité de fil de sciage libre. Ou cette région peut être une bande (308) allant d'une extrémité de la bobine à l'autre extrémité. Ou cette région peut être une bande circonférentielle (310) autour des couches de bobinage externe. Ou cette région peut être présente de manière hélicoïdale sur la couche externe. Seulement les couches externes peuvent être enrobées d'adhésif ou l'ensemble des couches à travers la bobine peuvent être traitées avec un adhésif. L'adhésif doit maintenir le fil suffisamment fort pour empêcher un mouvement de bobinage de fil pendant l'emballage, le transport, le montage et l'utilisation de la bobine de fil de sciage, mais ne doit pas entraver un débobinage régulier. Par conséquent, des limites claires de la quantité d'adhésif présent sont définies.
PCT/EP2011/056569 2010-05-04 2011-04-26 Fil de sciage et bobine de fil de sciage comportant un adhésif et procédé pour empêcher des bobinages serrés Ceased WO2011138189A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10161854.4 2010-05-04
EP10161854 2010-05-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011138189A1 true WO2011138189A1 (fr) 2011-11-10

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2011/056569 Ceased WO2011138189A1 (fr) 2010-05-04 2011-04-26 Fil de sciage et bobine de fil de sciage comportant un adhésif et procédé pour empêcher des bobinages serrés
PCT/EP2011/056579 Ceased WO2011138192A2 (fr) 2010-05-04 2011-04-26 Fil de sciage à abrasif fixe et revêtement de protection déposable

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2011/056579 Ceased WO2011138192A2 (fr) 2010-05-04 2011-04-26 Fil de sciage à abrasif fixe et revêtement de protection déposable

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2566801A2 (fr)
CN (2) CN103180236B (fr)
BE (1) BE1019676A3 (fr)
TW (1) TW201208795A (fr)
WO (2) WO2011138189A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011020105A2 (fr) 2009-08-14 2011-02-17 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Articles abrasifs comprenant des particules abrasives collées sur un corps allongé
TW201402274A (zh) 2012-06-29 2014-01-16 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc 研磨物品及形成方法
TW201404527A (zh) 2012-06-29 2014-02-01 聖高拜磨料有限公司 研磨物品及形成方法
FR3005592B1 (fr) * 2013-05-14 2015-04-24 Commissariat Energie Atomique Fil abrasif de sciage
TWI621505B (zh) 2015-06-29 2018-04-21 聖高拜磨料有限公司 研磨物品及形成方法
CN106625893B (zh) * 2016-11-25 2022-11-22 江苏诚益达智能科技有限公司 一种新型清洁手锯
CN112079160B (zh) * 2020-08-27 2025-02-18 浙江嘉丽包装科技有限公司 一种具有自动收卷功能的pet塑钢带包装设备

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WO2011138192A3 (fr) 2015-07-02
CN103180236B (zh) 2015-07-08
EP2566801A2 (fr) 2013-03-13
CN103180236A (zh) 2013-06-26
TW201208795A (en) 2012-03-01
BE1019676A3 (nl) 2012-09-04
CN202241640U (zh) 2012-05-30
WO2011138192A2 (fr) 2011-11-10

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