WO2010026069A2 - Fibers, surface structures and polymer films having a reversible shape memory - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to textile surface structures having a reversible shape memory, comprising at least one elastomer having liquid crystalline segments, garments produced from such structures, fibers and polymer films having a reversible shape memory on the basis of elastomers comprising liquid crystalline segments, and new elastomers comprising liquid crystalline segments, and to a method for the production thereof.

Description

 Textile fabrics with reversible shape memory

description

The present invention relates to reversible shape memory fabrics comprising at least one elastomer having liquid crystalline segments, garments made therefrom, reversible shape memory fibers based on elastomers having liquid crystalline segments and novel elastomers having liquid crystalline segments, and methods of making the same.

"Smart" textiles, which adapt in their insulating effect of the ambient temperature and isolate more for example in colder temperatures than in warmer environment, are for everyday wear, especially sports or leisure wear, but also for workwear, for example, for firefighters or steel workers, from high Interest. Thus, for example, it is desirable that a highly insulating winter jacket when passing from the cold into a heated room reduces its insulating effect or even loses, so that the wearer is not forced to remove the garment. In the reverse transition, the jacket should of course regain its insulating effect. Such an adaptation of the heat-insulating effect of garments is also of great interest to occupational groups exposed to severe temperature changes. For this purpose, textiles with reversible or 2-way shape memory ("shape memory" textiles), the shape of which changes reversibly and in a defined manner as a function of the ambient temperature, are suitable. Thermally-responsive shape memory fabrics take advantage of the fact that certain materials respond to a decrease in temperature with expansion, for example in the case of fibrous materials having an elongation in length. If such materials are processed as spacer threads in a spacer knitted fabric, a decrease in the temperature leads to an increase in the distance between the two cover layers and thus to an enlargement of the insulating layer. The increased volume traps more air, resulting in thermal insulation. Conversely, these knits respond to an increase in temperature with a decrease in the distance between the two cover layers, so that less air is trapped and the thermal insulation effect consequently decreases.

US 6,312,784 describes textiles with a thermal insulation that automatically reacts to changes in ambient temperature. The textile is constructed as a laminate with two outer layers between which is a layer of shape memory composition. As a shape memory composition, among other things, wires of a nickel / titanium alloy are used. The disadvantage here is that such textiles are not suitable for use in everyday clothing, since they may not be subjected to conventional cleaning methods. In addition, when they are no longer needed, they must be disposed of consuming. Above all, however, their limited relative change in length, generally less than 8%, their inherently high stiffness and their substantially unchangeable phase transition temperatures is disadvantageous; In addition, there are their demanding and expensive production processes.

From US 2005/0242325 shape memory elastomers based on silylated liquid crystalline dienes are known. They are used to make medical articles, contact lenses and Fresnel lenses.

US 4,745,135 describes polyurethane foams obtainable from a polyol containing liquid crystalline units and a polyisocyanate and their use in seats, cushions, automobile bumpers, dashboards and the like.

The object of the present invention was to provide "intelligent" textiles which are able to adapt their heat-insulating effect to the ambient temperature. The adjustment should be made in a temperature range, as is customary for the use of such textiles, for example, for everyday wear in a temperature range of -20 to 50 ⁰ C, for work clothes or for other textile applications, such as tents, but also in a much higher or significantly lower temperature range. In addition, these smart textiles should not only be suitable for special applications, but also for everyday use, including standard cleaning processes, and should also be easy to dispose of.

The object is achieved by a textile fabric with reversible shape memory, which comprises at least one elastomer with liquid-crystalline segments.

Another object of the invention are reversible shape memory fibers comprising at least one elastomer having liquid crystalline segments.

In the context of the present invention, the terms "textile fabric", "textile" and "textile" are used synonymously, unless stated otherwise. Textile fabrics are flexible, sheet-like materials that consist of a composite of fibers. The fibers are connected by weaving, knitting, knitting, crocheting, knotting, felting, gluing or other types of connections. Preferred types of construction of the textile fabric according to the invention are described below. A fiber is a thin and flexible structure in relation to its length. Fibers can absorb no pressure, but only tensile forces, as they buckle under pressure.

"Reversible shape memory" means that the textile fabric according to the invention or the fiber according to the invention changes its shape under the influence of an external stimulus. If the stimulus ceases or diminishes, the textile fabric according to the invention or the fiber according to the invention returns to its original shape. Further details are described below.

The liquid-crystalline state (LC state), which is also referred to as mesomorphic state in the present invention, is a separate state of matter whose properties lie between those of a liquid (physical properties isotropy) and those of a crystalline solid (anisotropy of certain physical properties) , The state of order in liquid crystals is higher than in liquids, but lower than in crystals. While in liquids the molecules move freely in the three spatial directions (translation) and can freely rotate about three mutually perpendicular axes (rotation), only translation is possible in liquid crystals. In the case of the liquid-crystalline phase (also referred to as mesophase in the context of the present invention), a distinction is made between three phases depending on the spatial arrangement of the molecules: the nematic phase with a filamentary orientation in which the molecules are displaceable parallel to one another with regard to their longitudinal axes (one-dimensionally crystalline alignment ), the smectic phase, in which the elongated molecules are also aligned parallel to each other but arranged in layers (two-dimensional crystalline orientation), and the cholesteric phase with a helical arrangement (helix). For a more detailed description of the liquid-crystalline state, reference is made to the relevant literature, e.g. D. Demus, J. Goodby, G.W. Gray, H. -W. Spiess, V. ViII (eds.), Handbook of Liquid Crystals, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (1998); P.J. Collings, M. Hird, Introduction to Liquid Crystals, The Liquid Book Series, G.W. Gray, J.W. Goodby, A. Fukuda (eds.), Taylor & Francis, London (1997); H. Stegemeyer (ed.), Topics in Physical Chemistry, Vol. 3: Liquid Crystals, Steinkopff, Darmstadt, Springer, New York (1994); M. Warner, E.M. Terentjev, Liquid Crystal Elastomers, Clarendon Press, Oxford 2003.

The liquid-crystalline segments contained in the elastomer of the textile or fiber according to the invention are those with thermotropic mesophases; ie, the transition from the isotropic or crystalline state to the liquid-crystalline state is achieved by lowering or increasing the temperature. The phase transition from one state of matter into another, for example from the crystalline to the liquid-crystalline state or vice versa or from the glassy to the liquid-crystalline state or vice versa or from the liquid-crystalline to the liquid (isotropic) state or vice versa or from a liquid-crystalline state in another is associated with a sudden change in certain physical properties of the substance in question, for example, its extension in one direction. These property jumps make use of the present invention. The elastomer contained in the textile according to the invention or in the fiber according to the invention is in fact selected such that the liquid-crystalline segments contained therein have at least one phase transition in the temperature range in which the textile is to be used. When the value of the respective transformation temperature is exceeded (transition temperature = the temperature value at which one phase changes into another), the phase transition leads to a sudden decrease in the long-range order of the molecules. The liquid-crystalline segments have a preferred orientation (monodomain) in the fiber or textile according to the invention (which can be achieved, for example, by shearing on exit from the spinneret, application of a tensile stress, application of electrical or magnetic fields, etc.), which is permanently fixed. When the value of a transition temperature is exceeded, for example when liquid-liquid transition takes place, the sudden decrease in the long-range order results in a macroscopic shrinkage of the fiber; cooling again causes expansion of the fiber because the monodomain is formed again. Overall, this manifests itself in a sudden reduction or increase in the expansion of the material in one dimension. This sudden change in the long-range order triggered by a phase transition, which manifests itself in the abrupt change in certain physical properties of the liquid-crystalline segments, is essentially unaffected by the incorporation of these liquid-crystalline segments into an elastomer. Of course, this effect is only measurably present if the liquid-crystalline segments make up a sufficiently high proportion of the structure of the elastomer. The textiles or fibers according to the invention which are based on such elastomers consequently also show a sudden change in certain physical properties and in particular a sudden change in their extent in one dimension when the respective transition temperature is exceeded or fallen short of. For example, when a conversion temperature is exceeded, this results in less air being able to be trapped in the textile, as a result of which the heat-insulating effect decreases.

Unless otherwise specified, the following general definitions apply in the context of the present invention:

The prefix C _x -Cy denotes the number of possible carbon atoms in each case. Halogen is fluorine, bromine, chlorine or iodine, especially fluorine, chlorine or bromine.

Ci-C4-alkyl is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. These are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl.

Ci-Cβ-alkyl is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples include, in addition to the radicals mentioned for CrC ₄ -AlkVl pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl and their constitution isomers.

Ci-Cio-alkyl is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of these are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, 2-propylheptyl and their constitutional isomers.

C 1 -C 20 -alkyl is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of these are, in addition to the radicals mentioned under C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, dec decyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl and their constitutional isomers.

Aryl represents a carbocyclic aromatic radical having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl or phenanthrenyl. Aryl is preferably phenyl or naphthyl and in particular phenyl.

C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxy represents a C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl radical which is bonded via an oxygen atom. Examples of these are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, 2-butoxy, isobutoxy and tert-butoxy.

CrCβ-Alkoxy represents a CrCβ-alkyl radical bound via an oxygen atom. Examples of these are, in addition to the examples mentioned for C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxy, pentoxy and hexoxy and also constitutional isomers thereof.

C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy represents a C 1 -C 10 -alkyl radical which is bonded via an oxygen atom. Examples thereof include, in addition to the examples of CrCβ-alkoxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy and constitutional isomers thereof.

-C ₄ alkylcarbonyl represents a group of the formula R-CO-, wherein R is ₄ alkyl group as defined above for a CRC. Examples are acetyl, propionyl, propylcarbonyl, isopropylcarbonyl, butylcarbonyl, sec-butylcarbonyl, isobutylcarbonyl and tert-butylcarbonyl. Ci-Cβ-alkylcarbonyl is a group of the formula R-CO-, wherein R is a Ci-C6-alkyl group as defined above. Examples include, in addition to the previously mentioned in C1-C4 alkylcarbonyl radicals pentylcarbonyl, hexylcarbonyl and their constitution isomers.

steht für eine Gruppe der Formel R-CO-O-, worin R für eine wie vorstehend definierte Ci-C4-Alkylgruppe steht. Beispiele sind Acetoxy, Propionylo- xy, Propylcarbonyloxy, Isopropylcarbonyloxy, Butylcarbonyloxy, sec-Butylcarbonyloxy, Isobutylcarbonyloxy und tert-Butylcarbonyloxy.Ci-Cio-alkylcarbonyl is a group of the formula R-CO-, wherein R is a Ci-Cio-alkyl group as defined above. Examples are, in addition to the radicals mentioned above for d-Cβ-alkylcarbonyl, heptylcarbonyl, octylcarbonyl, nonylcarbonyl, decylcarbonyl and their constitutional isomers.

represents a group of the formula R-CO-O-, wherein R is a Ci-C4-alkyl group as defined above. Examples are acetoxy, propionyloxy, propylcarbonyloxy, isopropylcarbonyloxy, butylcarbonyloxy, sec-butylcarbonyloxy, isobutylcarbonyloxy and tert-butylcarbonyloxy.

Ci-Cβ-Alkylcarbonyloxy represents a group of the formula R-CO-O-, wherein R is a d-Cβ-alkyl group as defined above. Examples are, besides the radicals mentioned above for C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyloxy, pentylcarbonyloxy, hexylcarbonyloxy and their constitutional isomers.

steht für eine Gruppe der Formel R-O-CO-, worin R für eine wie vorstehend definierte Ci-C4-Alkylgruppe steht. Beispiele sind Methoxycarbonyl, Etho- xycarbonyl, Propoxycarbonyl, Isopropoxycarbonyl, Butoxycarbonyl, sec- Butoxycarbonyl, Isobutoxycarbonyl und tert-Butoxycarbonyl.CiC-io-Alkylcarbonyloxy represents a group of the formula R-CO-O-, wherein R is a Ci-Cio-alkyl group as defined above. Examples are, besides the radicals mentioned above for C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, heptylcarbonyloxy, octylcarbonyloxy, nomenylcarbonyloxy, decylcarbonyloxy and their constitutional isomers.

represents a group of the formula RO-CO-, wherein R is a Ci-C4-alkyl group as defined above. Examples are methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, sec-butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl and tert-butoxycarbonyl.

Ci-Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl represents a group of the formula R-O-CO-, wherein R is a d-Cβ-alkyl group as defined above. Examples include, in addition to the previously mentioned in d-C4-alkoxycarbonyl radicals pentoxycarbonyl, hexoxycarbonyl and their constitution isomers.

Ci-Cio-alkoxycarbonyl is a group of the formula RO-CO-, wherein R is a Ci-Cio-alkyl group as defined above. Examples are, in addition to the previously mentioned in d-Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl heptoxycarbonyl, octyloxycarbonyl, nonyloxy-carbonyl, decyloxycarbonyl and their constitution isomers. C 1 -C 4 -alkylene is a linear or branched divalent alkyl radical having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Examples are -CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH (CH ₃ ) -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) - , -C (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) -, -C (CH ₂ ) ₂ CH ₂ - and -CH ₂ C (CHs) ₂ -.

Linear or branched C ₂ -C 6 -alkylene is a linear or branched divalent alkyl radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms. Examples are -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH (CH ₃ ) -, - CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ -,

-CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) -, -C (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH (CH ₂ ) -, -C (CH ₂ ) ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ C (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ - and -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -.

Linear or branched C ₂ -C 10 -alkylene is a linear or branched divalent alkyl radical having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples are, in addition to the previously mentioned in C ₂ -Cβ alkylene radicals, the higher homologues having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, such as heptylene, octylene, nonylene and decylene.

Linear or branched C ₂ -C ₂ alkylene is a linear or branched divalent alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples, in addition to the radicals mentioned above for C 2 -C 10 -alkylene, are the higher homologues having 11 or 12 carbon atoms, such as undecylene and dodecylene.

Linear or branched C ₂ -C 5 -alkylene is a linear or branched divalent alkyl radical having 2 to 15 carbon atoms. Examples, in addition to the radicals mentioned above for C ₂ -C ₂ -alkylene, are the higher homologues having 13 to 15 carbon atoms, such as tridecylene, tetradecylene and pentadecylene.

Linear or branched C ₂ -C ₂ O-Al kylene is a linear or branched divalent alkyl radical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples are, in addition to the radicals mentioned above for C ₂ -C ₂ -alkylene, the higher homologues having from 13 to 20 carbon atoms, such as tridecylene, tetradecylene, pentadecylene, hexadecylene, heptadecylene, octadecylene, nonadecylene and eicosylene.

Linear or branched C 1 -C 8 -alkylene is a linear or branched divalent alkyl radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples are, in addition to the radicals mentioned above for C ₂ -C ₂ O-alkylene, methylene (CH ₂ ) and the higher homologues having 21 to 30 carbon atoms, such as henicosyls, docosyls, tricosyls, tetracosyls, pentacosyls, hexacosyls, heptacosyls, octacosyls, Nonacosyls and squalylene.

Alkenylene is a linear or branched aliphatic mono- or polysubstituted, for example mono- or di-unsaturated, olefinically unsaturated bivalent radical having, for example, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10 or 4 to 8 carbon atoms. If the rest is more than one coal contains carbon-carbon double bond, these are preferably not vicinal, ie not allian.

Alkynylene is a linear or branched aliphatic divalent radical of, for example, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10 or 4 to 8 carbon atoms, containing one or more, e.g. Contains 1 or 2 carbon-carbon triple bonds.

C5-C8 cycloalkylene is a divalent monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group of 5 to 8 carbon ring members. Examples are cyclopentane-1, 2-diyl, cyclopentane-1,3-diyl, cyclohexane-1,2-diyl, cyclohexane-1,3-diyl, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, cycloheptane-1,2-diyl, Cycloheptane-1, 3-diyl, cycloheptane-1,4-diyl, cyclooctane-1,2-diyl, cyclooctane-1,3-diyl, cyclooctane-1,4-diyl and cyclooctane-1,5-diyl.

The comments made below on preferred features of the invention, in particular on preferred features of the elastomer used according to the invention and the polymer films, fibers and textile fabrics containing it as well as preferred features of the inventive method apply both alone and preferably in any combination with each other.

In the textile fabric according to the invention and in the fiber according to the invention, the liquid-crystalline segments are preferably arranged substantially in the main chain of the elastomer.

The elastomer is preferably selected from segmented polyurethanes, polyureas, polycarbonates, polyesters, and mixed-functional polymers, i. Polymers containing difunctional groups selected from urethane groups (-OC (= O) -NR-), urea groups (-NR-C (= O) -NR'-), carbonate groups (-OC (= O) -O-) ) and ester groups (-C (= O) -O-), where at least two groups in the polymer are different from each other (where "different" does not mean that R and R 'are each different, but that different functionalities are present , for example, ester and carbonate groups are present next to one another, etc.); According to the invention, the elastomers also comprise liquid-crystalline segments.

"Segmented" means that the polymer contains at least two segments (sections) that differ in their properties, preferably in their physical properties. Thus, the elastomer used according to the invention has, on the one hand, soft segments which contain liquid-crystalline building blocks and, in addition, hard segments which correspond to the polyurethane, polyurea, polycarbonate, polyester or mixed-functional polymer sections. The soft segments are for the above-described, reversible behavior on thermal stimuli responsible, while the hard segments at the application temperature either form a glassy solidified amorphous or crystalline phase. The hard segment domains form the physical network points of the overall polymer and fix the preferred orientation of the liquid crystal-containing soft segments that can be achieved by the abovementioned processes. This fixation of the preferred orientation results in thermal stimuli resulting in macroscopically perceptible reversible changes in length of the fibers, films, etc. produced from these segmented polymers.

In the context of the present invention, the term "polymer" is understood broadly and encompasses polymers (= polymers formally formed by "folding over" of double bonds from olefinically unsaturated monomers, eg polyalkenes), polyadducts (= polymers obtained by addition of a functional group another is formed without leaving a molecule, eg, polyurethanes made from di- or polyisocyanates and di- or polyols) and polycondensates (= polymers formed by condensation of two functional groups, resulting in the exit of a molecule eg polyesters made from di- or polyacids or suitable acid derivatives and di- or polyols), ie he does not specify the way in which the propagation of the chain runs. Most commonly, he refers in the present invention polycondensates or polyadducts.

Polyurethanes are polymers which contain urethane groups (-OC (O) -N (R) -, R = H, organic radical, eg C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, but usually H) in copolymerized form. Polyureas are polymers containing urea groups (-N (R) -C (O) -N (R) -, R = H, organic radical, eg C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, but usually H) in copolymerized form. Polycarbonates are polymers which contain copolymerized carbonate groups (-OC (O) -O-). Polyesters are polymers which contain polymerized ester groups (-OC (O) -).

The liquid-crystalline segments are preferably selected such that, if they were not segments of an elastomer but independent molecules, they would form a nematic or smectic (more precisely: thermotropic nematic or thermotropic smectic) phase as the liquid-crystalline phase.

The elastomer contained in the textile according to the invention or in the fiber according to the invention is preferably selected such that the liquid-crystalline segments contained therein have at least one phase transition in the temperature range in which the textile is to be used. This phase transition is preferably the transition from the liquid-crystalline phase into the isotropic phase and vice versa. Of course, the liquid-crystalline segments may additionally have one or more phase transitions in temperature ranges outside the range of application. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid-crystalline segments comprise the following structural units I:

-Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² - (I)

wherein

Z ¹ and Z ² independently represent O, S or NR ¹ ;

M ^{1 is} a mesogenic group;

each M ² and each M ³ is independently and independently of one another a mesogenic group or a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic (= cyclo-aliphatic), aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic radical, wherein the abovementioned radicals are also represented by one or more hetero - atom-containing groups which are selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO 2 and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ , may be interrupted;

Y ¹ for a chemical bond, O, S, NR ³ , CO, O-C (O), C (O) -O, O-C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O), C (O ) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -O, O-C (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O, C ( O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC ( O) - NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -NR ³ , C (O) -Ac (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) - AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -O-

(CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, O-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eN R ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eNR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -O, O- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [ O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k-

(CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O or NR ³ - (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [( CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O;

Y ² for a chemical bond, O, S, NR ³ , CO, O-C (O), C (O) -O, O-C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O), C (O ) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -O, O-C (O) -NR ³ , O-C (O) -AC (O), NR ³ -

C (O) -Ac (O), O-C (O) -Ac (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O ) -NR ³ , O-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -Ac (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -Ac (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O-C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -

O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) jHSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} rSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -f (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) f, O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -O or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) i-fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} r SiR ¹ ° R ¹¹ -f (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} _h - (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -NR ³ ;

each Y ³ independently has one of the meanings given for Y ¹ ;

each Y ⁴ each independently has one of the meanings given for Y ² ;

A ¹ and A ² independently represent a chemical bond or a spacer;

R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} each independently and independently hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ , R ¹² , R ¹³ , R ¹⁴ and R ^{15 are} each independently and independently of one another hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ¹⁰ and R ^{11 are} each independently and independently C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl or aryl;

each A is independently a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, aliphatic-alicyclic or araliphatic radical, said radicals also being represented by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO and SO2, may be interrupted and / or via one or two heteroatom-containing groups which are selected from O, S and NR ³ , may be bonded;

a and b are independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 80;

each e is independently an integer from 1 to 20;

f, g, j and I are each independently and independently an integer from 1 to 20;

each of h and k independently and independently represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 20;

each i is independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; with the proviso that two oxygen atoms or one oxygen and one nitrogen atom are not directly adjacent.

In the above proviso that an oxygen and a nitrogen atom are not directly adjacent, the nitrogen atom means a nitrogen atom of an amino group, for example, from the group NR ¹ , NR ² or NR ³ .

"Independent" in the context of the present invention means that the corresponding variable, if it occurs several times, can each have different meanings. For example, M ^{2 may be} in the case where a> 1, once for a mesogenic group and once for another difunctional group.

The spacers A ¹ and A ² are flexible bridge members ending in carbon atoms. Examples of suitable spacers are linear or branched C 1 -C 30 -alkylene groups, preferably linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkylene groups, more preferably linear or branched C 2 -C -alkylene groups, even more preferably linear or branched C 2 -C 12 -alkylene groups and in particular linear or branched branched C 2 -C 10 -alkylene groups which contain one or more, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, heteroatom-containing Groups which are selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO, SO ₂ and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ , may be interrupted. In these interrupting groups, two oxygen atoms or one oxygen and one nitrogen atom must not be adjacent. The alkylene chains may be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cyano or phenyl. The variables are as defined above.

In a preferred embodiment, the spacer A ¹ or A ^{2 is} linear or branched C ² -C 20 -alkylene, particularly preferably linear or branched C 2 -C 15 -alkylene and in particular linear or branched C 2 -C 10 -alkylene which is replaced by one or more, eg by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, non-adjacent oxygen atoms and / or by one or more non-adjacent SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - Groups and / or may be interrupted by one or more CO groups. The SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ groups are preferably adjacent to one or two oxygen atoms. Also, the CO groups are preferably adjacent to one or two oxygen atoms.

Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 10 -alkylene are 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 2-propylene, 1, 3-propylene, 1, 2-butylene, 1, 3-butylene, 1, 4-butylene, 1, 2 -Methyl-1,2-ethylene, 1-methyl-1,3-propylene, 2-methyl-1,3-propylene, 1,2-pentylene, 1,3-pentylene, 1,4-pentylene, 1,5 - Pentylene, 2,3-pentylene, 2,4-pentylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1, 3-propylene, 3-methyl-1, 3-butylene, 1, 6-hexylene, 1, 7-heptylene, 3 , 3-Dimethyl-1, 5-pentylene, 1, 8-octylene, 1, 9-

Nonylene, 1, 10-decylene and other structural isomers thereof. Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 5 -alkylene are, in addition to the examples previously mentioned for C 2 -C 10 -alkylene, undecamethylene, dodecamethylene, tridecamethylene, tetradecamethylene and pentadecamethylene and also their structural isomers. Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkylene are, in addition to the examples cited above for C 2 -C 6 -alkylene, hexadecamethylene, heptadecamethylene, octadecamethylene, nonadecamethylene and docosamethylene and also their structural isomers.

Examples of linear or branched alkylene interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms are bridge members of the following formulas:

CH ₂ CH ₂ - [O-CH ₂ CH ₂ JtI; [CH ₂ CH ₂ -O-Jan-CH ₂ CH ₂ ; CH ₂ CH (CH ₃₎ [O-CH ₂ CH (CH ₃₎ J _u i; -ECH ₂ CH (CHS) -OJUI-CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ); CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ - [O-CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ JUI; [CH (CH ₃₎ CH ₂ -OJUI-CH (CH ₃₎ CH _2; CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ - [O-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ JUI; [CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -OJUI-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ; (CH ₂ ) ₄ -EO- (CH ₂ ) ₄ Jvi and - [(CH ₂ ) ₄ -OJvi- (CH ₂ ) ₄

wherein t1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; u1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and vi is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

Examples of linear or branched alkylene which is interrupted by one or more nonadjacent groups SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ and optionally by one or more nonadjacent oxygen atoms are bridge members of the following formula:

- (CH ₂ ) _{u 2} - [SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O] v ₂ -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - (CH ₂ ) _{w 2} -

wherein u2 and w2 are independently an integer of from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and especially from 2 to 6; and v2 is O or an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and especially from 2 to 6.

Examples of linear or branched alkylene interrupted by one or more non-adjacent CO groups and optionally by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms are bridging members of the following formulas:

- [(CH ₂₎ O-CO-oju ₃ - (CH ₂₎ V ₃ - [O- (CH ₂₎ W ₃ J _X3 - [CO-O- (CH _{2) V3} ^ _3; - [(CH ₂₎ OO COJU ₃ - (CH ₂₎ V ₃ - [O- (CH ₂₎ W ₃ J _X3 - [CO-O- (CH _{2) V3} ^ _3;

-t _(CH2) t _-CO-3 oju ₃ - (CH ₂₎ v _3-f (CH _{2) w3} -OJχ -fCO _3-O- (CH ₂₎ y ₃ J _i3;

- _[(CH2) O-CO-oju ₃ - (CH ₂₎ V ₃ - [O- (CH ₂₎ W ₃ J _X3 - [O-CO- (CH _{2) V3} ^ _3;

- [(CH ₂₎ O-CO-oju ₃ - (CH ₂₎ V ₃ -KCH ₂₎ W ₃ -OJ _X3 - [O-CO- (CH _{2) V3} ^ _3;

- [(CH ₂₎ OO COJU ₃ - (CH ₂₎ V ₃ -KCH ₂₎ W ₃ -OJ _X3 - [CO-O- (CH _{2) V3} ^ _3; - [(CH ₂₎ OO COJU ₃ - (CH ₂₎ V ₃ - [O- (CH ₂₎ W ₃ J _X3 - [O-CO- (CH _{2) V3} ^ _3;

- [(CH ₂₎ OO COJU ₃ - (CH ₂₎ V ₃ -KCH ₂₎ W ₃ -OJ _X3 - [O-CO- (CH _{2) V3} ^ _3; wherein t3, v3, w3 and y3 are independently an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and especially from 1 to 6, u3 and z3 are independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and in particular from 1 to 6 and x3 is 0 or an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 6 and especially 2 or 3 stands.

Z ¹ and Z ² independently of one another preferably represent O or NR ¹ and in particular O.

R ¹ in the definition of Z ¹ and Z ^{2 is} preferably hydrogen or methyl and in particular hydrogen.

The meaning of the bridge member Y ^{1 which} is suitable in the individual case depends on the meaning of the variables a and A ¹ . Thus, if a is 0 and at the same time A ^{1 is} a chemical bond (in other words, if Y ^{1 is} directly attached to Z ¹ ), Y ^{1 is} preferably not O, S, NR ³ , OC (O), O-C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O), NR ³ -C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -O, O-C (O ) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e- NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) f- [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] _h - SiR ¹⁰ R ⁱⁱ . [Θ-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] _l - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ¹ -O or NR ³ - (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h- SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O.

In other words, Y ¹ stands for the case where a is O and at the same time A ^{1 stands} for a chemical bond (in other words, for the case that Y ¹ is bonded directly to Z ¹ ), preferably for a chemical bond, CO , C (O) -O, C (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - O, C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ or (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -O-O, particularly preferably for a chemical bond, CO, C (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O or (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [ O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) 1 -O, stronger preferably for a chemical bond, C (O) -AC (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O or (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O - (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O and in particular for C (O) -AC (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O or (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O.

Likewise, the importance of the bridge member Y ² which is suitable in the individual case depends on the significance of the variables b and A ² . So stands for the case that b stands for O and is simultaneously A ² for a chemical bond (in other words, in the case where Y ^{2 is} directly bonded to Z ² ), preferably Y ^{2 is} not O, S, NR ³ , C (O) -O, O-C (O) -O, C (O) -NR ^3, NR ³ -C (O) -NR ^3, NR ³ -C (O) -O, 0-C (O) -NR ^3, 0-C (O ) -A-C (O) -O, NR ³ - C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -A-C (O) -NR ^3, 0-C (O) -AC (O ) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -A- C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ - ( CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0 - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ), - ^ - (CR ^ R ^^ k -fSiR ^ R ^ -OJrSiR ^ R ^ -KCR ^^ g-OJh- ^ ReR ^ fO or O- ^ R ^ R ¹⁵ ), - ^ - (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} rSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -NR ³ .

In other words, Y ² stands for the case where b is O and at the same time A ^{2 stands} for a chemical bond (in other words: for the case where Y ² is bonded directly to Z ² ), preferably for a chemical bond, CO , OC (O), NR ³ -C (O), O-C (O) -AC (O), NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -Ac (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -A- C (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) - AC (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f , particularly preferably for a chemical bond, CO, OC (O), 0-C ( O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O-C (O) -AC (O) or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f , more preferably for a chemical bond, 0-C (O) -AC (O) , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - O-C (O) -AC (O) or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f and especially for O-C (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} r SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f .

In the event that a does not stand for O and at the same time Y ³ does not represent a chemical bond and / or A ¹ does not represent a chemical bond (in other words: if Y ^{1 is} not directly bonded to Z ¹⁾ Y ^{1 is} preferably O, S, NR ³ , CO, OC (O), C (O) -O, O-C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O), C (O) - NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -O, 0-C (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -A- C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC ( O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) - AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -A- C (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eN R ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -A- C (O ) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ -C ( O) -AC (O) -NR ³ -

(CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e-NR ³ , (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O, O- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-] SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O or NR ³ - (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) 1 -O.

In the event that b is not O and at the same time Y ^{4 is} not a chemical bond and / or A ^{2 is} not a chemical bond (in other words: in the case where Y ^{2 is} not directly bonded to Z ² ), Y ^{2 is} preferably O, S, NR ³ , CO, OC (O), C (O) -O, O-C (O) -O , NR ³ -C (O), C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -O, 0-C (O) -NR ³ , 0- C (O) -Ac (O), NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O), 0 -C (O) -Ac (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -A- C (O ) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e- O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O ) -AC (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O-C (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC ( O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -A- C (O) -O, O- ( CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ - C (O) -Ac (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) i-fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} _l -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f , O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} _l -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) fO or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} _l -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) f -NR ³ .

Y ¹ particularly preferably stands for the case where a does not stand for O and / or A ¹ does not represent a chemical bond, for O, CO, OC (O), C (O) -O, O-C (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O, O-C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, C (O) -AC (O) -O - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O-C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O or O- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O , more preferably C (O) -AC (O) -O, O-C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -AC (O ) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] _h -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O- SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O or O- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) 1 -O and in particular O-C (O) -AC (O) -O, O-C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO or O- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [ O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) jO] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O.

Y ² particularly preferably represents the case where b does not stand for O and / or A ² does not represent a chemical bond, for O, CO, OC (O), C (O) -O, O-C (O) -O, O-C (O) -AC (O), 0-C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -A- C (O) -O, O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} RSIR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹⁾ _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷⁾ _f O-, or (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵⁾ ι f o (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} RSIR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹⁾ _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷⁾ _f -O, more preferably 0-C (O) -AC (O), 0-C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -A- C (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) MSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} r SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} r SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - f (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -O and especially for O-C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O ) -AC (O) -O or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -f (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -O.

In the general and preferred definitions of Y ¹ and Y ² , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ , R ¹² , R ¹³ , R ¹⁴ and R ¹⁵ independently of one another preferably for H or methyl and in particular for H. In the general and preferred definitions of Y ¹ , Y ² , A ¹ , A ² , M ² and M ³ , R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ independently of one another preferably represent methyl or phenyl and in particular methyl.

In the general and preferred definitions of Y ¹ and Y ² , e preferably represents an integer from 2 to 20, particularly preferably from 2 to 15 and in particular from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , 10, 11 or 12.

In the general and in the preferred definitions of Y ¹ and Y ² , f preferably represents an integer from 2 to 10, particularly preferably from 2 to 8 and in particular from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

In the general and preferred definitions of Y ¹ and Y ² , g is preferably an integer from 2 to 6, particularly preferably 2, 3 or 4 and especially 2.

In the general and preferred definitions of Y ¹ and Y ² , h is preferably 0 or 1.

In the general and preferred definitions of Y ¹ and Y ² , i is preferably 0 or an integer from 2 to 50, particularly preferably from 2 to 30 and in particular from 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 ,

In the general and in the preferred definitions of Y ¹ and Y ² , j preferably represents an integer from 2 to 6, particularly preferably 2, 3 or 4 and in particular 2.

In the general and preferred definitions of Y ¹ and Y ² , k is preferably 0 or 1.

In the general and preferred definitions of Y ¹ and Y ² , I preferably represents an integer from 2 to 10, particularly preferably from 2 to 8 and in particular from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

In the definition of Y ¹ and Y ^2, A is a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, aliphatic-alicyclic or araliphatic radical, the abovementioned radicals by one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO and SO 2, may be interrupted.

Divalent aliphatic radicals A are those which contain no cycloaliphatic (= alicyclic), aromatic or heterocyclic constituents. examples are Alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene radicals. The aliphatic radicals can also be interrupted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO and SO 2, interrupted alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene radicals. The divalent aliphatic radicals may also be bonded to the CO groups via a heteroatom-containing group selected from O, S and NR ³ .

Divalent alicyclic (= cycloaliphatic) radicals A may contain one or more, eg one or two, alicyclic radicals; however, they contain no aromatic or heterocyclic constituents. The alicyclic radicals may be substituted by aliphatic radicals, but both binding sites for the CO groups are on the alicyclic radical. Two alicyclic radicals may also be bonded together via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO and SO 2. Also, the alicyclic groups may be bonded to the CO groups via a heteroatom-containing group selected from O, S and NR ³ . Each alicyclic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

Divalent aliphatic-alicyclic radicals A contain both at least one divalent aliphatic and at least one divalent alicyclic radical, the two bonding sites for the CO groups either being attached to the alicyclic radical (s) or both to the aliphatic radical (s) ( or one on one aliphatic and the other on an alicyclic radical. The at least one aliphatic radical may be interrupted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO and SO 2. The at least one aliphatic and the at least one alicyclic radical may be bonded to each other via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO and SO 2. Also, two alicyclic groups may be bonded to each other through one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO, and SO 2. In addition, the aliphatic-alicyclic radicals may be bonded to the CO groups via a heteroatom-containing group selected from O, S and NR ³ . Each alicyclic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably from chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular from methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

Divalent aromatic radicals A may contain one or more, for example one or two, aromatic radicals; however, they do not contain alicyclic or heterocyclic see ingredients. The aromatic radicals may be substituted by aliphatic radicals, but both binding sites for the CO groups are located on the aromatic radical (s). Two aromatic radicals can also be bound to one another via one or more heteroatom-containing groups which are selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO and SO 2. Also, the aromatic groups may be bonded to the CO groups via a heteroatom-containing group selected from O, S and NR ³ . Each aromatic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

Divalent araliphatic radicals A contain both at least one divalent aliphatic and at least one divalent aromatic radical, the two bonding sites for the CO groups either being attached to the aromatic radical (s) or both to the aliphatic radical (s) or one may be on an aliphatic and the other on an aromatic radical. Alternatively, divalent araliphatic radicals A include a divalent aliphatic radical bearing at least one aromatic substituent; ie the two bonding sites for the CO groups are both on the aliphatic radical. The at least one aliphatic radical may be interrupted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO and SO 2. The at least one aliphatic and the at least one aromatic radical may be bonded to each other via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO and SO 2. Also, two aromatic groups may be bonded to each other through one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO, and SO 2. In addition, the araliphatic radicals can be bonded to the CO groups via a heteroatom-containing group selected from O, S and NR ³ . Each aromatic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO, and CN, preferably chloro, bromo, -C ₄ -alkyl and Ci-C ₄ alkoxycarbonyl, and especially from methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent aliphatic radical A is linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkylene, particularly preferably linear or branched C 2 -C 15 -alkylene and in particular linear or branched C 2 -C 10 -alkylene. The linear or branched alkylene may be interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms. Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 10 -alkylene are 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 2-propylene, 1, 3-propylene, 1, 2-butylene, 1, 3-butylene, 1, 4-butylene, 1, 2 -Methyl-1,2-ethylene, 1-methyl-1,3-propylene, 2-methyl-1,3-propylene, 1,2-pentylene, 1,3-pentylene, 1,4-pentylene, 1,5 - Pentylene, 2,3-pentylene, 2,4-pentylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1, 3-propylene, 3-methyl-1, 3-butylene, 1, 6-hexylene, 1, 7-heptylene, 3 , 3-Dimethyl-1, 5-pentylene, 1, 8-octylene, 1, 9-

Nonylene, 1, 10-decylene and other structural isomers thereof. Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene are, in addition to the examples mentioned above for C 2 -C 10 -alkylene, undecamethylene, dodecamethylene, tridecamethylene, tetradecamethylene and pentadecamethylene and also their structural isomers. Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkylene are, in addition to the examples cited above for C 2 -C 6 -alkylene, hexadecamethylene, heptadecamethylene, octadecamethylene, nonadecamethylene and docosamethylene and also their structural isomers.

Examples of linear or branched alkylene interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms are bridge members of the following formulas: fO-CH ₂ CH ₂ ] t 4 -O-; {O-CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ )] u 4 -O-; - [0-CH (CH ₃₎ CH _2] U ₄ -O-; fO-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ] u4-O- and fO-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ] _V 4-O-

wherein t4 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; u4 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and v4 is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent alicyclic radicals A are selected from Cs-Cs-cycloalkylene which may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals.

Examples of these are cyclopropylene, such as 1, 2-cyclopropylene, 1-methylcyclopropylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclopropylene or 1-methyl-2,3-cyclopropylene, cyclobutylene, such as 1, 2 or 1, 3-cyclobutylene , 1-methylcyclobutylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclobutylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclobutylene, 1-methyl-2,3-cyclobutylene or 1-methyl-2,4-cyclobutylene, cyclopentylene, such as 1, 2-cyclopentylene or 1, 3-cyclopentylene, 1-methylcyclopentylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-1, 4-cyclopentylene, 1 Methyl-2,3-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-2,4-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-2,5-cyclopentylene or 1-methyl-3,4-cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-cyclohexylene, 1-methylcyclohexylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,3- cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,4-cyclohexylene, 1-

Methyl 2,5-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,6-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-3,4-cyclohexylene and 1-methyl-3,5-cyclohexylene, cycloheptylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-cycloheptylene, and cyclooctylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4 or 1, 5-cyclooctylene. The CO groups can be cis- or trans-continuous. In a preferred embodiment, the divalent aliphatic-alicyclic radicals A are selected from C ₅ -C 8 -cycloalkylene-C 1 -C ₄ -alkylene, C ₅ -C 8 -cycloalkylene-dC ₄ -alkylene-C 6 -C 8 -cycloalkylene and C 1 -C ₄ -alkylene C 5 -C 8 -cycloalkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, where the cycloalkylene radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals.

Examples of these are dicyclohexdiylmethane, such as 4,4'-dicyclohexdiylmethane, 3,3'-dicyclohex-diylmethane or 2,2'-dicyclohexydiomethane, isophoronediyl, bis (methylene) -cyclohexane, such as 1,2-bis (methylene) cyclohexane, 1,3 Bis (methylene) cyclohexane or 1,4-bis (methylene) cyclohexane, and the like. The groups attached to the alicyclic radical can assume any relative position (cis / trans) to one another.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent aromatic radicals A are selected from phenylene, biphenylene, naphthylene, phenylene-sulfonyl-phenylene, phenylene-carbonyl-phenylene, phenylene-oxycarbonyl-phenylene and phenylene-carbonyloxy-phenylene, where the phenylene and naphthylene radicals 1, 2, 3 or 4 Ci-C can carry ₄ - alkyl radicals.

Examples of these are phenylene, such as o-, m- and p-phenylene, toluene, such as o-, m- and p-tolylene, xylylenediamine, naphthylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1 , 5, 1, 8, 2,3, 2,6 and 2,7-naphthylene, diphenylene sulfone, such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-di-phenylsulfone, Benzophenon- diyl such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-benzophenonediyl, and phenyl benzoate diyl, such as phenyl 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-benzoate diyl.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent araliphatic radicals A are selected from phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, phenylene-C 1 -C ₄ -alkylene and phenylene-C 1 -C ₄ -alkylene-phenylene, where the phenylene radicals 1, 2, 3 or 4 C 1 -C 4 -Alkyl radicals can carry.

Examples of these are phenylmethylene (CH (CeH ₅ )), phenylenemethylene (-CH 2 -C ₆ H ₄ -), 1-phenyl-1,2-ethylene (-CH (C ₆ H ₅ ) CH ₂ -), 1-phenyl-1, 2-propylene (-CH (C ₆ H ₅ ) CH (CH ₃ ) -), 1-phenyl-1,3-propylene (-CH (C ₆ Hs) -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -), 2-phenyl- 1,2-propylene (-CH ₂ -C (C ₆ H ₅ ) (CH ₃ ) -), 2-phenyl-1,3-propylene (-CH ₂ -CH (C ₆ Hs) -CH ₂ -), Diphenylenemethane (- C ₆ H ₄ -CH ₂ -C ₆ H ₄ -), such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-diphenylenemethane, and 2,2-diphenylenepropane (diphenyldimethylmethane, -C ₆ H ₄ -C (CH ₃ ) ₂ -C ₆ H ₄ -), such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-di-phenylenedimethylmethane, and the like.

Preferably, the divalent radicals A are selected from divalent aliphatic, aromatic and araliphatic radicals, the aliphatic radical A also being substituted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO and SO ₂ and preferably from 0 , may be interrupted and / or via one or two heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S and NR ³ , to the CO groups can be bound. With regard to preferred dihydric aliphatic, aromatic and araliphatic radicals, reference is made to the above statements. Specifically, A is (CR ^α R ^β ) _α ; fO- (CH 2) _ß } _γ -O- or phenylene (preferably 1, 3 or 1, 4-phenylene and in particular 1, 3-phenylene), wherein R ^α and R ^ß independently of one another for H, Ci-C ₄ -AlkVl or phenyl; α is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 15 and especially 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; ß is 2, 3 or 4 and preferably 2; and γ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 and especially 2.

Preferred groups Y ³ have one of the meanings given for groups Y ¹ as being preferred. However, in the case where A ^{1 is} a single bond, the group Y ³ which is then bonded directly to Z ¹ is preferably not O, S, NR ³ , OC (O), O-C (O) - O, NR ³ -C (O), NR ³ -C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -O, O-C (O) -NR ³ , O-C (O) -A- C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) - NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - O, O-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - O, OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ HO- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O or NR ³ - (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O. In other words, one such, dir e. group Y ³ bonded to Z ¹ , preferably a chemical bond, CO, C (O) -O, C (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O, C (O) -AC ( O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eNR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -NR ³ or (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι- O.

Preferred groups Y ⁴ have one of the meanings given for groups Y ² as being preferred. However, in the case where A ^{2 is} a single bond, that group Y ⁴ which is then directly attached to Z ² is preferably not O, S, NR ³ , C (O) -O, O-C (O ) -O, C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -O, O-C (O) -NR ³ , O-C (O) - A-

C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) - NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) - NR ³ , O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ MO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ M _k -f SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [(CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O] _h - (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -O or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [(CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O ] h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f NR ^{3 In} other words, such a group Y ⁴ directly bonded to Z ^{2 is} preferably a chemical bond, CO, OC (O), NR ³ -C (O), O -C (O) -Ac (O), NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -Ac (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -A- C (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) MSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} r SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f .

A mesogenic group, which is also referred to as mesogenic unit, mesogenic residue or simply mesogen, is understood to mean that part of the molecule which, owing to the anisotropy of its attractive or repulsive interactions, substantially contributes to the fact that the total molecule can form a liquid-crystalline phase. As a rule, mesogenic groups consist of rigid rod-shaped and / or disk-shaped units. Typical mesogenic groups are, for example, phenylene units, especially two or three phenylenesenheiten, which directly or via relatively rigid bridges, such as ether (-O-), ester (-C (O) -O- or -OC (O) -), carbonate (-OC (O) -O-), urea - (- N HC (O) -N H-), urethane (-OC (O) -NH- or -NH-C ( O) -O-), diazo- (-N = N-), imino- (-N = CH- or -HC = N-), -CH = CH-, -C≡C- or -N ⁺ (O ") = N groups are joined together, or two or more fused benzene rings.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, M ¹ in segments of the formula I is a mesogenic group of the formula MI:

wherein

each T ^{1 is} independently a divalent alicyclic, saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic radical;

T ^{2 is} independently defined as T ¹ ;

Y ^{5 represents} identical or different bridge members -CO-O-, -O-C0-, -CH ₂ -O-, -O-CH ₂ -, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -CH ₂ -S-, -S-CH ₂ , -CH = N-, -N = CH-, -CH = NN = CH-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-, -C (CHs) = CH ₂ , -CH = CH (CH ₃ ) - or a direct bond and preferably for -CO-O-, -O-C0- or a direct bond and particularly preferably for

-CO-O- or -O-C0-, and

c is 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably O, 1 or 2, in particular 1 or 2 and especially 2.

worinPreferably, T ^{2 is} an aromatic radical and particularly preferably a phenyl radical. In particular, T ^{2 is} a radical of the formula

wherein

R ^{a is} fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C ₁ -C 20 -alkyl, C ₁ -C 10 -alkoxy, C ₁ -C 10 -alkylcarbonyl, C ₁ -C 10 -alkoxy

Alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, nitro, CHO or CN, preferably chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular methyl; and x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1 and especially 1.

Preferably, T ^{1 is} an aromatic radical and more preferably a phenyl radical. In particular, T ^{1 is} a radical of the formula

worin R^b für Fluor, Chlor, Brom, Ci-C₂o-Alkyl, Ci-Cio-Alkoxy, Ci-Cio-Alkylcarbonyl, C1-C10- Alkylcarbonyloxy, Ci-Cio-Alkoxycarbonyl, Hydroxy, Nitro, CHO oder CN, vorzugsweise für Chlor, Brom, CrC₄-AIkVl oder Ci-C4-Alkoxycarbonyl und insbesondere für Methyl steht; und y für 0, 1 , 2, 3 oder 4, vorzugsweise für 0, 1 oder 2, stärker bevorzugt für 0 oder 1 und insbesondere für 0 steht.

wherein R ^{b is} fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C ₁ -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 10 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, nitro, CHO or CN, preferably represents chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl or C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular methyl; and y is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1 and especially 0.

More preferably, M ^{1 is} selected from mesogenic groups of the formulas MI. a, MI. b and MI. c:

MI. b MI. c in which R ^a and R ^b independently of one another represent fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy,

C 1 -C 10 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, nitro, CHO or CN, preferably chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl or C 1 -C ₄ -

Alkoxycarbonyl and in particular methyl; and x and y are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2 and especially 0 or 1.

Preference is given in at least one liquid-crystalline segment of the elastomer M ^{1 used} according to the invention for a mesogenic group of the formula MI. a or MI. b and especially MI. a.

Each M ² and each M ³ is independently a mesogenic group or a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic (= cycloaliphatic), aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic radical, said radicals also being represented by one or more heteroatom-containing groups, the are selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO ₂ and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ , may be interrupted.

If M ² and / or M ^{3 is} a mesogenic group, this preferably has one of the general meanings given for M ¹ or preferably one of the preferred meanings given.

Divalent aliphatic radicals M ² / M ³ are those which contain no cycloaliphatic (= alicyclic), aromatic or heterocyclic constituents. Examples are alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene radicals. The aliphatic radicals may also be substituted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO 2 and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ , interrupted alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene radicals, preferably alkylene radicals, be.

Divalent alicyclic radicals M ² / M ³ may contain one or more, eg one or two, alicyclic radicals; however, they contain no aromatic or heterocyclic constituents. Each alicyclic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO, and CN, preferably chloro, bromo, -C ₄ -alkyl and Ci-C ₄ alkoxycarbonyl and in particular especially under methyl and methoxycarbonyl. However, the attachment sites to the remainder of the molecule are on the alicyclic moiety. Two alicyclic moieties may also be linked together via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO ² , and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ be. Also, the alicyclic moieties may be attached to the remainder of the molecule via a heteroatom-containing group selected from O, S, and NR ² .

Divalent aliphatic-alicyclic radicals M ² / M ³ contain both at least one divalent aliphatic and at least one divalent alicyclic radical, the two binding sites on the rest of the molecule either on the alicyclic radical (s) or both on the / may be the aliphatic radical (s) or one on an aliphatic radical and the other on an alicyclic radical. The at least one aliphatic radical may be interrupted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO ₂ and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ . The at least one aliphatic and the at least one alicyclic radical may be bonded together via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO 2 and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ . Also, two alicyclic groups may be bonded together through one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO ² , and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ . In addition, the aliphatic-alicyclic groups may be bonded to the remainder of the molecule via a heteroatom-containing group selected from O, S, and NR ² . Each alicyclic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylcarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ - Alkylcarbonyloxy, Ci-Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably under chlorine, bromine, Ci-C ₄ -AlkVl and Ci-C4-Alkoxycarbonyl and in particular under methyl and Methoxycarbonyl.

Divalent aromatic radicals M ² / M ³ may contain one or more, for example one or two, aromatic radicals; however, they contain no alicyclic or heterocyclic constituents. Each aromatic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO, and CN, preferably chloro, bromo, -C ₄ -alkyl and Ci-C ₄ alkoxycarbonyl, and especially from methyl and methoxycarbonyl. However, both binding sites for the remainder of the molecule are located on the aromatic moiety (s). Two aromatic radicals can also be bound to one another via one or more heteroatom-containing groups which are selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO 2 and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ . Also, the aromatic groups may be bonded to the remainder of the molecule via a heteroatom-containing group selected from O, S, and NR ² . Divalent araliphatic radicals M ² / M ³ contain both at least one divalent aliphatic and at least one divalent aromatic radical, with the two binding sites for the rest of the molecule being either on the aromatic radical (s) or both on the aliphatic one Residue (s) or one may be located on an aliphatic and the other on an aromatic radical. Alternatively, divalent araliphatic radicals M ² / M ³ contain a divalent aliphatic radical bearing at least one aromatic substituent; ie the two bonding sites for the CO groups are both on the aliphatic radical. The at least one aliphatic radical can be replaced by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO ₂ and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ , be interrupted. The at least one aliphatic and the at least one aromatic radical may be bonded together via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO 2 and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ . Also, two aromatic groups may be bonded together through one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO, SO 2, and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ . In addition, the araliphatic radicals may be attached to the remainder of the molecule via a heteroatom-containing group selected from O, S, and NR ² . Each aromatic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylcarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylcarbonyloxy , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably from chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular from methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

In a preferred embodiment, the bivalent aliphatic radical M ² / M ^{3 is} linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkylene, particularly preferably linear or branched C 2 -C 15 -alkylene and in particular linear or branched C 2 -C 10 -alkylene. The linear or branched alkylene can be interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms and / or by one or more non-adjacent SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ groups and / or by one or more CO groups. The SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ groups are preferably adjacent to one or two oxygen atoms. Also, the CO groups are preferably adjacent to one or two oxygen atoms.

Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 10 -alkylene are 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 2-propylene, 1, 3-propylene, 1, 2-butylene, 1, 3-butylene, 1, 4-butylene, 1, 2 -Methyl-1,2-ethylene, 1-methyl-1,3-propylene, 2-methyl-1,3-propylene, 1,2-pentylene, 1,3-pentylene, 1,4-pentylene, 1,5 - Pentylene, 2,3-pentylene, 2,4-pentylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1, 3-propylene, 3-methyl-1, 3-butylene, 1, 6-hexylene, 1, 7-heptylene, 3 , 3-Dimethyl-1, 5-pentylene, 1, 8-octylene, 1, 9-nonylene, 1, 10-decylene and other structural isomers thereof. Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene, in addition to the examples cited above for C 2 -C 10 -alkylene, are undecamethylene, dodecamethylene, tridecamethylene, tetradecamethylene and pentadecamethylene and also their structural isomers. Examples of linear or branched C2-C2o-alkylene are in addition to the examples previously listed for C2-cis-alkylene hexadecamethylene, heptadecamethylene, octadecamethylene, nonadecamethylene and docosamethylene and their structural isomers.

Examples of linear or branched alkylene which is interrupted by one or more nonadjacent oxygen atoms and / or by one or more nonadjacent SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ groups and / or by one or more CO groups are bridge members of the formula

(A ⁴ ) _s - [(CR ^c R ^d ) _m A ⁴ ] n- (CR ^e R ^f ) o -fA ⁵ - (CR 9 R ^h ) p} _q (A ⁵ ) t

wherein each R ^c , R ^d , R ^e , R ^f , R s and R ^{h are} each independently hydrogen or Ci-C ₄ -AlkVl and preferably hydrogen; each A ⁴ and A ^{5 are} each independently O, CO, C (O) -O, OC (O) or (SiR ^k R ^l -O) _r SiR ^k R ^l wherein each R ^k and R ^{1 are} each independently C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and r is O or an integer from 1 to 20; m, p and o independently of one another represent an integer from 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12; n and q are independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 20; and s and t independently represent 0 or 1.

Preferred examples of linear or branched alkylene interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms are bridging members of the following formulas: fO-CH ₂ CH ₂ } t 5; [CH ₂ CH ₂ -OJt ₅ ; fO-CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ )} _u5 ; -ECH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) -O} _u5 ; fO-CH (CH ₃₎ CH _{2} u5;} fCH (CH ₃₎ CH ₂ -O} _u5; fO-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ } _u5 ; [CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -Oju ₅ ; fO-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CHz | v5; [CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -OJV ₅ fO- (CH ₂ ) ₆ ] v5; f (CH ₂ ) ₆ -O] v5; fO- (CH ₂ ) n] v5; f (CH ₂ ) ii-O] v5; and the same

wherein t5 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; u5 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and v5 is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

Preferred examples of linear or branched alkylene which is interrupted by one or more non-adjacent groups SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ and optionally by one or more nonadjacent oxygen atoms are bridge members of the following formula:

- (CH ^ ue-tSiR ^k R'-Ojve-SiR ^k RHCH ^ we-

in which each R ^k and R ^{1 are} each independently C ¹ -C ₄ -alkyl and preferably methyl, and u 6 and w 6 are each independently an integer from 1 to 20, preferably are from 1 to 10 and especially from 2 to 6; and v6 is 0 or an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and especially from 2 to 6.

Preferred examples of linear or branched alkylene which is interrupted by one or more non-adjacent CO groups and optionally by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms are bridge members of the following formulas:

KCH _2), t7-CO-O} U7 (CH2) v7 f o (CH ₂₎ w7] x7-FCO-O- (CH2) y7k \ KCH ₂₎ T7-O-CO} U7 (CH2) v7 -fO- (CH ₂ ) w 7] x 7 -fCO-O- (CH ₂ ) y 7k;

KCH _2), t7-CO-O} U7 (CH ₂₎ v3-KCH _{2) W} 7-O] χ7-FCO-O- (CH _{2) y} 7] _i 7;

KCH ₂₎ -CO-O _t7} U7 (CH ₂₎ v7 f o (CH ₂₎ w7] x7-fO-CO- (CH _{2) y} 7] _i 7;

KCH _2), t7-CO-O} U7 (CH ₂₎ v7-KCH _{2) W} 7-O] χ7-fO-CO- (CH _{2) y} 7] _i 7;

KCH ₂₎ T7-O-CO} U7 (CH ₂₎ v7-KCH _{2) W} 7-O] χ7-FCO-O- (CH _{2) y} 7] _i 7; KCH ₂₎ -O-CO _t7} U7 (CH ₂₎ v7 f o (CH ₂₎ w7] x7-fO-CO- (CH _{2) y} 7] _i 7;

KCH ₂₎ T7-O-CO} U7 (CH ₂₎ v7-KCH _{2) W} 7-O] χ7-fO-CO- (CH _{2) y} 7] _i 7;

in which t7, v7, w7 and y7 independently of one another are an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and in particular from 1 to 6, u7 and z7 are each independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and in particular from 1 to 6 and x7 is 0 or an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 6 and especially 2 or 3 stands.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent alicyclic radicals M ² / M ^{3 are} selected from C 1 -C 8 -cycloalkylene which may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably among chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular under methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

Examples of these are cyclopropylene, such as 1, 2-cyclopropylene, 1-methylcyclopropylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclopropylene or 1-methyl-2,3-cyclopropylene, cyclobutylene, such as 1, 2 or 1, 3-cyclobutylene , 1-methylcyclobutylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclobutylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclobutylene, 1-methyl-2,3-cyclobutylene or 1-methyl-2,4-cyclobutylene, cyclopentylene, such as 1, 2-cyclopentylene or 1, 3-cyclopentylene, 1-methylcyclopentylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-1, 4-cyclopentylene, 1 Methyl-2,3-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-2,4-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-2,5-cyclopentylene or 1-methyl-3,4-cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-cyclohexylene, 1-methylcyclohexylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,3- cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,4-cyclohexylene, 1-

Methyl 2,5-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,6-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-3,4-cyclohexylene and 1- Methyl 3,5-cyclohexylene, cycloheptylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-cycloheptylene, and cyclooctylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4 or 1, 5 cyclooctylene. The bonds to the rest of the molecule may be cis or trans to each other.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent aliphatic-alicyclic radicals M ² / M ^{3 are} selected from C 5 -C 8 -cycloalkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-C 5 -C 8 -cycloalkylene and C 4 -alkylene-C 5 -C 8 -cycloalkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, where the cycloalkylene radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -cycloalkyl Alkoxy, C 1 -C ₆ -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C ₆ -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C ₆ -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular from Methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

Examples of these are dicyclohexdiylmethane, such as 4,4'-dicyclohexdiylmethane, 3,3'-dicyclohex-diylmethane or 2,2'-dicyclohexydiomethane, isophoronediyl, bis (methylene) -cyclohexane, such as 1,2-bis (methylene) cyclohexane, 1,3 Bis (methylene) cyclohexane or 1,4-bis (methylene) cyclohexane, and the like. The groups attached to the alicyclic radical can assume any relative position (cis / trans) to one another.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent aromatic radicals are

M ² / M ³ selected from phenylene, biphenylene, naphthylene, phenylene-sulfone-phenylene and phenylene-carbonyl-phenylene, phenylene-oxycarbonyl-phenylene and phenylene-carbonyloxy-phenylene, where the phenylene and naphthylene radicals 1, 2, 3 or 4 Substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

Examples of these are phenylene, such as o-, m- and p-phenylene, toluene, such as o-, m- and p-toluylene, 2-ethyl-1, 3-phenylene, 2-ethyl-1, 4-phenylene, 1 Ethyl-2,3-phenylene, 1-ethyl-2,4-phenylene, 2-tert-butyl-1, 3-phenylene, 2-tert-butyl-1, 4-phenylene, 1-tert-butyl-2 , 3-phenylene, 1-tert-butyl-2,4-phenylene, xylylenediamine, 2-methoxy-1, 3-phenylene, 2-methoxy-1, 4-phenylene, 1-methoxy-2,3-phenylene, 1 Methoxy-2,4-phenylene, 2-chloro-1, 3-phenylene, 2-chloro-1, 4-phenylene, 1-chloro-2,3-phenylene, 1-chloro-2,4-phenylene, naphtha - such as 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 1, 8, 2,3, 2,6 and 2,7-naphthylene, diphenylene sulfone, such as 2, 2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-di-phenylsulfone, diphenylenemethane, such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-di-phenylenemethane, diphenyl-dimethylmethane, such as 2,2'-, 3, 3'- and 4,4'-di-phenylenedimethylmethane, benzophenonediyl, such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-benzophenonediyl, and benzoic acid phenyl-diyl, such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4 '4'-Benzoic acid phenyl diyl. In a preferred embodiment, the divalent araliphatic radicals M ² / M ^{3 are} selected from phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, phenylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene and phenylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-phenylene, for example phenylene-methylene-phenylene and phenylene -C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - phenylene, where the phenylene radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy, CrC ₆ -

Alkylcarbonyl, Ci-Cβ-alkylcarbonyloxy, Ci-C ₆ -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably under chlorine, bromine, CrC ₄ -AlkVl and Ci-C4-Alkoxycarbonyl and in particular under methyl and Methoxycarbonyl.

Examples of these are phenylmethylene (CH (CeH ₅ )), phenylenemethylene (-CH 2 -C ₆ H ₄ -), 1-phenyl-1,2-ethylene (-CH (C ₆ H ₅ ) CH ₂ -), 1-phenyl-1, 2-propylene (-CH (C ₆ H ₅ ) CH (CH ₃ ) -), 1-phenyl-1,3-propylene (-CH (C ₆ Hs) -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -), 2-phenyl- 1,2-propylene (-CH ₂ -C (C ₆ H ₅ ) (CH ₃ ) -), 2-phenyl-1,3-propylene (-CH ₂ -CH (C ₆ Hs) -CH ₂ -), Diphenylenemethane (- C ₆ H ₄ -CH ₂ -C ₆ H ₄ -), such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-diphenylenemethane, and 2,2-diphenylenepropane (diphenyldimethylmethane, -C ₆ H ₄ -C (CH ₃ ) ₂ -C ₆ H ₄ -), such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-di-phenylenedimethylmethane, and the like.

The divalent radicals M ² / M ³ are preferably selected from a mesogenic group, in particular a mesogenic group which has one of the general or particularly preferred meanings given for M ¹ , divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic and araliphatic radicals, where the aliphatic radical Rest A also by one or more heteroatom-containing groups which are selected from O, S, NR ² , CO and SO _2, and preferably under O, may be interrupted or bonded to the CO groups. With regard to preferred divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic and araliphatic radicals, reference is made to the above statements.

More preferably, M ² and M ³ independently of one another have one of the preferred meanings given above for M ¹ or they are a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic radical which is selected from

and a group

(A ⁴ ) _s -E (CR ^c R ^d ) _m A ⁴ ] _n - (CR ^e R ^f ) _o -fA ⁵ - (CR 9 R ^h ) _p ) _q (A ⁵ ) _t

wherein R ^aa and R ^bb independently of one another are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 10 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, nitro, CHO or CN, preferably chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl or C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular methyl or methoxycarbonyl;

A ^{3 is} (CR'RJ) r, CO, C (O) O, OC (O) or SO ₂ , wherein R ¹ and RJ are independently hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and r is an integer of 1 to 4, and A ^{3 is} preferably CH 2 or C (CH ₂ ) ₂ ; and xx and yy independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each R ^c , R ^d , R ^e , R ^f , R s and R ^{h are} each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C ₄ alkyl or phenyl and preferably hydrogen; each A ⁴ and A ^{5 are} each independently O, CO, C (O) -O, OC (O) or (SiR ^k R ^l -O) _r SiR ^k R ^l wherein each R ^k and R ^{1 are} each independently Ci-C ₄ alkyl and r is o or an integer from 1 to 20; m, p and o independently of one another represent an integer from 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 15, particularly preferably 2 to 12; n and q are independently O or an integer from 1 to 20; and s and t are independently O or 1.

In a particularly preferred embodiment

Y ¹ for C (O) -AC (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O,

NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -NR ³ , OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, O-C (O) - AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC ( O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -

AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -NR ³ or NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , preferably for C ( O) - AC (O) -O, O-C (O) -AC (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O or O-C ( O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO; and / or Y ² is O-C (O) -AC (O), NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), O-C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - C (O) -A- C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -A- C (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC ( O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O-C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC ( O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) - O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O-

(CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ or NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , preferably for O-C (O) -AC (O), O-C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) or O - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O) -O; and or

- a is an integer from 1 to 80, moreover, in at least one of the repeating units -fY ³ -M ² -} _a Y ^{3 is} CO, OC (O) or NR ³ -C (O), preferably CO or OC (O), and M ² is a divalent aliphatic, a- licyclic (= cycloaliphatic), aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic radical, wherein the abovementioned radicals are also interrupted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO 2 and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ and Y ¹ can be bonded via such a heteroatom-containing group, and Y ¹ is C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O), C (O) -

- b steht für eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 80, außerdem steht in wenigstens einer derNR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -A- C (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -Ac (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ or C ( O) -AC (O) NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ e-NR ^3, preferably C (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O or C (O) -AC ( O) -O-

- b stands for an integer from 1 to 80, in addition, at least one of the

Repeating units -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } _b Y ^{4 is} CO, C (O) -O or C (O) -NR ³ , preferably CO or C (O) -O, and M ³ is a divalent aliphatic, alicyc - Lischen (= cycloaliphatic), aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic radical, wherein the aforementioned radicals by one or more heteroatom-containing groups which are selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO 2 and

SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ , and / or may be bonded via such a heteroatom-containing group, and Y ² is OC (O), NR ³ -C (O), O-C (O) -AC (O ), NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O-C ( O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) or NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) - A-C (O), preferably for OC (O), O-C (O) -AC (O) or O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O).

With regard to preferred meanings of the variables, reference is made to the preceding and following statements.

In an alternative particularly preferred embodiment

Y ¹ for (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O, O- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O or NR ³ - (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -O-O, preferably for (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O or O- (CR ⁶ R> [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹⁾ g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ H (CR ¹² R ¹³⁾ _r

O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -O-O; and

Y ² is O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} _l -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} _h - (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f , O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -O or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, - SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g- 0} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -NR ³ , preferably for O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) MSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} r

SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} r SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -f (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} _h - (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -O.

With regard to preferred meanings of the variables, reference is made to the preceding and following statements. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the variables a and b is not 0.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sum of a and b is an integer from 1 to 60, particularly preferably from 2 to 50, more preferably from 3 to 50 and in particular from 5 to 40.

The liquid-crystalline segments I are formed during the condensation of their precursor compounds of the formula I-H

HZ ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ -} bA ² -Z ² -H (IH)

wherein the variables have one of the general or preferred meanings given above,

with suitable reaction partners, for example with diisocyanates, dicarboxylic acid (derivatives), di-carbonic acid (derivatives), diureas or diurethanes. For further details on this, reference is made to the comments below.

The precursor compounds I-H in turn are obtainable, for example, by one or more condensation or addition reactions. The components used for the condensation can be introduced simultaneously or successively into the reaction. The successive addition in the course of the reaction or the stepwise reaction is preferred if the structure of the reaction product is to be precisely controlled. In general, however, it is sufficient if the mode of addition and order of the components are based on the exothermicity of the reaction, i. the components are added so that the reaction control is ensured; a certain statistical distribution of the components within the liquid-crystalline segments I by non-observance of a particular order of addition is accepted and is not further disturbing for the application according to the invention.

Thus, for example, for the production of liquid-crystalline segments I or its precursor compound IH, the groups no silicon-containing Y ^1, Y ^2, Y ^3, Y ⁴ contain at least one Mesogendiol HO-M ¹ is -OH or abgewan of at least one - Delten mesogendiol, which already contains part of the groups Y ¹ and / or Y ² , for example a diol of the formula HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OM ¹ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH, wherein M ¹ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and e have the meanings given above, or starting from a mixture of such mesogendiols and reacting this with at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula XC (O) -AC (O) -X, XC (O) -M ² - C (O) -X or XC (O) -M ³ -C (O) -X, or XC (O) -A ¹ -C (O) -X or X-C (O) -A ² - C (O) -X, preferably XC (O) -AC (O) -X, condense. X stands for a suitable leaving group, such as OH, OR or halogen, in particular Cl, wherein R is Ci-C4-alkyl or an alcohol radical of an active ester (which by reacting the underlying acid (eg HO-C (O) -AC (O) -OH) with an active ester-forming alcohol, such as p-nitrophenol, N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt ), N-hydroxysuccinimide or OPfp (pentaflourphenol)). A, M ² , M ³ , A ¹ and A ² have one of the general or preferred meanings given above. Depending on the stoichiometry of the dicarboxylic acid derivatives used, a mesogendiol is obtained which is esterified on both sides or only on one. Subsequently, the condensation product with other diols, for example with a diol HO-M ² -OH or HO-M ³ -OH, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOM ² -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH or HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OM ³ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -OH, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -OH, HO-A ¹ -OH or HO-A ² -OH, in which M ² , M ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , A ¹ , A ² and e have the abovementioned meanings, condense again, the product which is again obtained, if desired, again with at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative XC (O) - AC (O) -X, XC (O) -M ² -C (O) -X or XC (O) -M ³ -C (O) -X, or XC (O) -A ¹ -C (O ) -X or XC (O) -A ² -C (O) -X, if desired, condense again with at least one diol and repeat these condensation steps as often as desired. Preference is given to using a diol, diamine, dithiol or a mixed alcohol / amine, thiol / amine or alcohol / thiol in the successive condensation of the components as the last component to be condensed.

Alternatively, all the components mentioned, ie the mesogendiol HO-IVP-OH or HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOM ¹ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH, the dicarboxylic acid derivative XC (O) -AC (O ) -X, XC (O) -IVP-C (O) -X or XC (O) -IVP-C (O) -X, or XC (O) -A ¹ -C (O) -X or XC (O) -A ² -C (O) -X and, if desired, at least one further diol, for example HO-IVP-OH or HO-IVP-OH, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOM ² -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH or HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OM ³ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH, and / or HO -A implement ¹ -OH and HO-A ² -OH at the same time. For this purpose, for example, one can proceed by initially introducing all the diols to be used and adding at least one of the abovementioned dicarboxylic acid derivatives.

Of course, diamines or mixed amines / alcohols can be used instead of the abovementioned diols. Thus, for example, a mesogendiamine NH ₂ - M ¹ -NH 2 or a mixed mesogenamine alcohol NH ₂ -M ¹ -0H or a modified mesogendiamine NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOM ¹ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -NH ₂ , NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NH-M ¹ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NH ₂ or NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NH-M ¹ -NH - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NH ₂ or a modified mesogenamine alcohol NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OM ¹ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH, NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - NH-M ¹ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH or NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OM ¹ -NH- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH starting from at least one Dicarboxylic acid derivative XC (O) -AC (O) -X, XC (O) -M ² -C (O) -X or X-C (0) -M ³ -C (O) -X, or XC (0 ) -A ¹ -C (0) -X or XC (0) -A ² -C (O) -X and react the condensation product if desired with at least one diol HO-M ² -OH or HO-M ³ -OH , HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOM ² -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH or HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OM ³ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - OH, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH, and / or HO-A ¹ -OH or HO-A ² -OH, a diamine NH ₂ -M ² - NH ₂ or NH ₂ -M ³ -NH ₂ , NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OM ² -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NH ₂ or NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OM ³ - O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ _e -NH _2, NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ e-NH-M ² -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ e-NH ₂ and NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ ₆ -N H-IVP-O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ e-NH _2, NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ eN HM ² -NH- (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ _e -NH ₂ or NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH-IVP-N H- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -NH ₂ , NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e-NH ₂ , and / or NH ₂ -A ¹ -NH ₂ or NH ₂ -A ² -NH ₂ or a mixed alcohol / amine HO-M ² -NH ₂ or HO-M ³ -NH ₂ , HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -OM ² - O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH ₂ or HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -OM ³ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH ₂ , HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ - NH-M ² -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH ₂ or HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -N HM ³ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH ₂ , NH ₂ - ( CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH-IVP-O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -OH or NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -N HM ³ -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ - OH, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH-M ² -NH- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH ₂ and HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -N HM ³ -N H- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH ₂ , HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH ₂ , HO-A ¹ - NH ₂ or HO-A ² -NH ₂ implement. If desired, the product obtained again can be reacted again with at least one of the abovementioned dicarboxylic acid derivatives and the condensation steps repeated as often as desired.

Alternatively, one can use all the components mentioned, i. the at least one mesogen diamine or the at least one meso-amino alcohol which simultaneously convert at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative and, if desired, at least one further diol, diamine or mixed amine / alcohol. For this purpose, for example, proceed by presenting all the diols / diamines / mixed alcoholamines to be used and adding at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative.

Instead of the diols, diamines or mixed amines / alcohols, it is of course possible to use analogous dithiols, mixed amines / thiols or mixed alcohols / thiols.

However, preference is given to the use of diols, diamines and mixed alcohols / amines and in particular the exclusive use of diols.

Alternatively, for the preparation of liquid-crystalline segments I or their precursor compound IH which do not contain silicon-containing groups Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , at least one mesogendicarboxylic acid derivative XC (O) -IVP-C (O) - X or at least one mesogendicarbonic acid derivative XC (O) -OM ¹ -OC (O) -X or of at least one mesogen urea derivative XC (O) -NR ³ -M ¹ -NR ³ -C (O) -X or of at least a mesogen with a urea derivative substituent and a carbonic acid derivative substituent XC (O) -O-IVP-N R ³ -C (O) -X or a mixture thereof and this with at least one diol, diamine, thiol, mixed amine / alcohol, mixed amine / thiol or mixed thiol / alcohol, for example with HO-IVP-OH or HO-M ³ - OH, NH ₂ -IVP-NH ₂ or NH ₂ -IVP-NH ₂ , HS-IVP-SH or HS-IVP-SH, NH ₂ -IVP-OH or NH ₂ - IVP-OH, NH ₂ or SH -IVP-NH ₂ -IVP-SH, HO-IVP-SH or HO-IVP-SH, HO - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -OH, NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH ₂ , HS- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -SH, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH ₂ , HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -SH, HS- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) ₆ -NH ₂ , HO-A ¹ -OH and HO-A ² -OH, NH ₂ -A ^1, respectively -NH ₂ or NH ₂ -A ² -NH ₂ , HS-A ¹ -SH or HS-A ² -SH, NH ₂ -A ¹ -OH or NH ₂ -A ² -OH, NH ₂ -A ¹ -SH or NH ₂ -A ² -SH or HO-A ¹ - SH or HO-A ² -SH, implement. X stands for a leaving group, such as halogen, OH or OR, wherein R is Ci-C4-alkyl or an alcohol residue of an active ester (see above). When reacting with a diol derived from a group M ² or M ³ , diamine, thiol, mixed amine / alcohol, mixed amine / thiol or mixed thiol / alcohol (ie, for example with HO-M ² -OH and HO-M ^3, respectively -OH, NH ₂ -M ² -NH ₂ or NH ₂ - M ³ -NH _2, -SH, and ^HS-2 HS-M M ³ -SH, NH ₂ -M ² -M OH or NH ₂ ³ -OH, NH ₂ -M ² -SH or NH ₂ -M ³ -SH or HO-M ² -SH or HO-M ³ -SH), it is then possible if desired with a dicarboxylic acid derivative X- (O ) CAC (O) -X, XC (O) -M ² -C (O) -X or X-C (O) -M ³ -C (O) -X, or XC (O) -A ¹ - C (O) -X or XC (O) -A ² -C (O) -X and then with one of the aforementioned diols, diamines, thiols, mixed amine / alcohol, mixed amine / thiol or mixed thiol / alcohol implement , When a diol, diamine, thiol, mixed amine / alcohol, mixed amine / thiol or mixed thiol / alcohol based on a group A ¹ or A ² is used (ie HO-A ¹ -OH and HO-A ^2, respectively ⁾ - OH, NH ₂ -A ¹ -NH ₂ or NH ₂ -A ² -NH ₂ , HS-A ¹ -SH or HS-A ² -SH, NH ₂ -A ¹ -OH or NH ₂ -A ² -OH, NH ₂ -A ¹ -SH or NH ₂ -A ² -SH or HO-A ¹ -SH or HO-A ² -SH), this is preferably added as the last component.

Of course, one can alternatively of mixed functionalized mesogens, for example of compounds of the formula X ¹ -C (O) -M ¹ -X ² , wherein X ¹ and X ² independently represent OH, NH ₂ or SH and X ¹ also represents halogen , especially chlorine, or OR, in which R is C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl or an alcohol radical of an active ester (see above). These can be reacted on the carboxyl side with a diol, diamine, thiol, mixed amine / alcohol, mixed amine / thiol or mixed thiol / alcohol, for example with HO-M ² -OH or HO-M ³ -OH, NH ₂ - IVP-NH ₂ or NH ₂ -IVP-NH ₂ , HS-IVP-SH or HS-IVP-SH, NH ₂ -IVP-OH or NH ₂ -IVP-OH, NH ₂ -IVP-SH or NH ₂ -IVP-SH, HO-IVP-SH and HO-IVP-SH, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH, NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NH ₂ , HS- (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ _e -SH, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ _e-NH2, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ _e SH, HS- (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ _e -NH _2, HO-A ¹ -OH or HO-A ² -OH, NH ₂ -A ¹ -NH ₂ or NH ₂ -A ² -NH ₂ , HS-A ¹ -SH or HS-A ² -SH, NH ₂ -A ¹ -OH or NH ₂ -A ² -OH, NH ₂ -A ¹ -SH or NH ₂ -A ² -SH or HO-A ¹ -SH or HO-A ² -SH, and on the alcohol / amine / Thiol site with a dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula XC (O) -A- C (O) -X, XC (O) -IVP-C (O) -X or XC (O) -IVP-C (O) -X, or XC (O) -A ¹ -C (O) -X or X-C (O) -A ² -C (O) -X, where X is a suitable leaving group, such as OH, OR or Cl, wherein R is CrC ₄ -AlkVl or an alcohol radical of a Aktivesters (see above) stands.

For the preparation of liquid-crystalline segments I or their precursor compound IH, wherein Y ¹ and Y ^{2 are} O, S or NH, it is possible, for example, to emanate mesogen dihalides of the formula HaI-IVP-Hal, in which Hal is a halogen atom, and with a diol, diamine, thiol, mixed amine / alcohol, mixed amine / thiol or mixed thiol / alcohol, for example with HO-IVP-OH or HO-IVP-OH, NH ₂ -IVP-NH ₂ or NH ₂ - IVP-NH _2, HS-IVP-SH or HS-IVP-SH, NH ₂ -IVP-OH or NH ₂ -IVP-OH, NH ₂ -M ² - SH or NH ₂ -IVP-SH, HO -IVP-SH or HO-IVP-SH, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OH, NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -

NH ₂ , HS- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -H, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NH ₂ , HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -SH, HS- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - NH ₂ , HO-A ¹ - OH or HO-A ² -OH, NH ₂ -A ¹ -NH ₂ or NH ₂ -A ² -NH ₂ , HS-A ¹ -SH or HS-A ² -SH, NH ₂ - A ¹ - OH or NH ₂ -A ² -OH, NH ₂ -A ¹ -SH or NH ₂ -A ² -SH or HO-A ¹ -SH or HO-A ² -SH, implement. If Y ³ and / or Y ^{4 are also} to be O, S or NH, then, for example, mesogendihalides of the formula Hal-M ² -Hal or HalM ³ -Hal are reacted. This procedure can be repeated as often as you like. Are Y ³ and / or Y ^4, however, stand for a carboxyl function, are employed with a dicarboxylic acid derivative to.

Alternatively, for the preparation of liquid-crystalline segments I or their precursor compound IH in which Y ¹ and Y ^{2 are} O, S or NH, mesogendiols, diamines, dithiols or mixed systems can be used, for example HO-M ¹ - OH, NH ₂ -IVP-NH ₂ , HS-IVP-SH, HO-IVP-NH ₂ , HO-IVP-SH or HS-IVP-NH ₂ , and implement them with a halo alcohol, haloamine or halo-thiol, for example with HO-IVP-HaI or HO-IVP-HaI, NH ₂ -IVP-HaI or NH ₂ -IVP-HaI, HS-IVP-HaI or HS-M ³ - Hal, HO- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -Hal, NH ₂ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -Hal, HS- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -Hal, HO-A ¹ -Hal or HO-A ² - Hal, NH ₂ -A ¹ - Hal or NH ₂ -A ² -Hal, HS-A ¹ -Hal or HS-A ² -Hal. If Y ³ and / or Y ^{4 are also} to be O, S or NH, the reaction is then carried out, for example, with mesogen dihalides of the formula Hal-M ² -Hal or Hal-M ³ -Hal. This procedure can be repeated as often as you like. On the other hand, if Y ³ and / or Y ⁴ are to be a carboxyl function, the reaction is carried out with a dicarboxylic acid derivative.

Alternatively, for the preparation of liquid-crystalline segments I or their precursor compound IH in which Y ¹ and Y ^{2 are} O, S or NH, mesogendiols, diamines, dithiols or mixed systems can be used, for example HO-M ¹ -OH , NH ₂ -M ¹ -NH ₂ , HS-M ¹ -SH, HO-M ¹ -NH ₂ , HO-M ¹ -SH or HS-M ¹ -NH ₂ , and react them with a dihalogen H, for example with Hal-M ² -Hal or Hal-M ³ -Hal, Hal- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -Hal, Hal-A ¹ -Hal or Hal-A ² -Hal. If Y ³ and / or Y ^{4 are also} to be O, S or NH, then, for example, mesogendiols of the formula HO-M ² -OH or HO-M ³ -OH, mesogendiamines of the formula NH ₂ -M ² - NH ₂ or NH ₂ -M ³ -NH ₂ , mesogendithiols of the formula HS-M ² -SH or HS-M ³ -SH or mixed mesogens of the formulas NH ₂ -M ² -OH or NH ₂ -M ³ - OH, NH ₂ -M ² -SH or NH ₂ -M ³ -SH, HO-M ² -SH or HO-M ³ -SH. This procedure can be repeated as often as you like.

For the preparation of liquid-crystalline segments I or their precursor compound IH in which a or b is O, it is possible to proceed, for example, from a difunctional mesogen, for example from a mesogendiol, mesogendiamine, meso-dithiol, mesogendicarboxylic acid derivative, mesogendicarbonic acid derivative, mesogendi urea derivative or a mixed difunctional mesogen (= X ¹ -M ¹ -X ² , wherein X ¹ and X ^{2 have} different meanings and for OH, NH ₂ , SH, C (O) -X, wherein X is a leaving group, or YC (O) -X, wherein Y is O, S or NH) and protects one of the two functional groups so that it does not react in the condensation reactions described above. Suitable protecting groups for the respective functional groups are known. For example, an OH group may be replaced by a benzyl group introduced, for example, by reaction with benzyl chloride through a silyl protecting group, eg trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) or tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), by reaction with the corresponding chloride or by the tetrahydropyranyl protecting group. Examples of suitable amino-protecting groups are acetyl, Boc (tert-butyloxycarbonyl), benzyl, methylbenzyl, methoxybenzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, allyl, allyloxycarbonyl, dimethylformamidino, methylimino and benzylimino. They can be prepared, for example, by reacting the amine with acetyl chloride, Boc anhydride, benzyl chloride, methylbenzyl chloride, methoxybenzyl chloride, benzyloxycarbonyl chloride, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride, allyl chloride, allyloxycarbonyl chloride, dimethylformamide in the presence of POCb or thionyl chloride, acetaldehyde or

Benzaldehyde be introduced. The one-sided protected difunctional mesogen is then subjected to the desired condensation reactions. The protective group is then removed again by known methods (for example by hydrolysis, by hydrogenolysis in the case of benzylic protective groups, by reaction with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in the case of silicon protective groups, or by reaction with a base in the presence of palladium and a nucleophile such as malonic acid in the case of allyl protective groups ).

Liquid crystalline segments of formula I or its precursor compound IH, the Silici- contain um-containing groups Y ^1, Y ^2, Y ^3, Y ⁴ are, for example, by the reaction of a Mesogenbausteins with olefinically unsaturated groups, for example a Mesogenbausteins of the formula CH2 = CH- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) j-2-O-KCR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O} ki- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O-M ¹ -O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-fO- ( CR ¹² R ¹³ ) j} kiO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) j-2-CH = CH ₂ or the formula CH ₂ = CH- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-2-OM ¹ -O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι- ₂ -CH = CH ₂ , with a sil (ox) compound of the formula HfSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} rSiHR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ available. The product obtained is then reacted with an olefinically unsaturated compound, for example with an olefinically unsaturated alcohol of the formula CH 2 = CH- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - ₂ fO- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g} h-OH or an olefinically unsaturated amine of the formula CH 2 = CH- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - ₂ fO- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g} h -NH ₂ . The Sil (ox) an reacts in an addition reaction with the CC double bond.

In a particularly preferred embodiment (A), the liquid-crystalline segments of the formula I or more precisely their precursor compound I-H are obtainable by reacting the following components

- Aa) at least one mesogendiol of the formula Aa1

Aa1 wherein q ¹ stands for 0 or 1; p ^{1 is} an integer from 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 15 and especially 2 to 12; x is 0 or 1 and preferably 1; and R ^{a is} C 1 -C 4 alkyl and especially methyl;

- A.b) optionally at least one further mesogendiol of the formula A.b.1 or A.b.2:

oder ein Gemisch davon

or a mixture thereof

- A.c) optionally at least one diol selected from compounds of the formulas A.c.1, A.c.2, A.c.3, A.c.4, A.c.5:

and mixtures thereof, wherein

R ^{aa is} selected from C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxy and especially for methyl, tert-butyl

Butyl or methoxy; and xx is O or 1; Ad) at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula Ad1:

OO χΛ _A Λ _χ Ad1

wherein

A is selected from (CR ^α R ^β ) _α ; fO- (CH 2) _ß } _γ -O- and phenylene, preferably 1, 3 or 1, 4-phenylene and in particular 1, 3-phenylene, wherein R ^α and R ^{ß are} independently H, Ci-C ₄ -AlkVl or phenyl; α is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 15 and in particular 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; ß is 2, 3 or 4 and preferably 2; and γ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 and especially 2; and

X is a leaving group and in particular Cl; and

- A.e) optionally at least one further diol which is selected from compounds of the following formulas:

HO-KCH ₂ VOkH

HO-f (CH _{2) κ} -C (O) -O] _λ (CH2) _Φ -O- (CH2) _η -fo-C (O) - (CH2) ^ OH

HO- (CH ₂ ) _μ - [SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O] _v -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - (CH ₂ ) _o -OH and mixtures thereof, wherein R ¹⁰ and R ^{11 are} independently of one another C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl or aryl, preferably for CrC ₄ -

Alkyl and in particular methyl; δ is 2, 3 or 4 and preferably 2; ε for a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and in particular for 2, 3,

4, 5 or 6; φ and η independently represent a number from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6, especially 2, 3 or 4 and especially 2; each K is independently a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and especially 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; each λ is independently a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6 and especially from 1 to 4; μ and o independently represent a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6 and especially from 2 to 4; and v is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10. Diols Ae) are generally not used as unitary compounds but as oligomer mixtures with a specific chain length distribution. For example, the first diol is often an oligomer mixture in which ε varies in the numerical range given above.

The reaction takes place under conditions which are customary for condensation reactions and in particular for esterifications. Thus, the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a base, e.g. an inorganic base, for example, an alkali hydroxide, such as lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, such as magnesium or calcium hydroxide, or an alkali carbonate, such as lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate, or preferably an organic base, e.g. an N-containing heterocycle such as pyridine, lutidine, imidazole, methylimidazole, ethylimidazole, DBU, DBN, DABCO and the like, or an aliphatic amine such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and the like. The condensation reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent. Suitable solvents are inert, i. they react neither with the reactants nor the products and do not change under the given reaction conditions. At the same time, however, they must have sufficient dissolving power for the educts used or they can at least sufficiently disperse them. As the dicarboxylic acid component A.d preferably an acid halide, in particular an acid chloride is used (X = Hal, preferably Cl in the compound A.d.1), which is sensitive to hydrolysis, the solvent is suitably polar aprotic and substantially anhydrous. Suitable polar aprotic solvents are, for example, open-chain ketones, e.g. Acetone or ethyl methyl ketone, cyclic ketones, e.g. Cyclohexanone, cyclic ethers, e.g. Tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, amides, e.g. Dimethylamide, nitriles, e.g. Acetonitrile or propionitrile, sulphoxides, e.g. Dimethylsulfoxide, halogenated alkanes, e.g. Chloromethane, methylene chloride, chloroform, chloroethane or dichloethane, and halogenated aromatics such as chlorobenzene or the dichlorobenzenes. Preferred among these are the cyclic ethers mentioned as well as the haloalkanes. "Substantially anhydrous" means that the solvent contains at most 5% by weight, preferably at most 2% by weight, particularly preferably at most 1% by weight and in particular at most 0.5% by weight, based on its total weight ,

When dicarboxylic acid halides are used as component Ad, the reaction preferably takes place under substantially anhydrous conditions and preferably under an inert gas atmosphere, for example in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere. "Substantially anhydrous conditions" means that the solvents, but also the reactants, are substantially anhydrous, ie at most 5% by weight, preferably at most 2% by weight, particularly preferably at most 1% by weight and in particular at most 0.5 wt .-%, based on their respective total weight, and dry reaction vessels are used. In addition, the reaction is under an inert gas atmosphere, for example in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere, which is also substantially free of water carried out.

The reactants A.a, A.d and optionally A.b, A.c and / or A.e can be used simultaneously or in succession, completely or in portions. In a preferred embodiment, at least one diol, preferably the mesogendin ol A.a, and a base are initially charged in a solvent and the dicarboxylic acid derivative A.d is added all at once or successively. Preferably, all diols used and a base are initially charged in a solvent and mixed with the dicarboxylic acid derivative A.d all at once or successively.

Preference is given to using the diols A.a and optionally A.b, A.c and / or A.e in total in an at least equimolar amount relative to the total amount of dicarboxylic acid derivative A.d. Most preferably, the diols are employed in molar excess relative to the total amount of dicarboxylic acid derivative A.d. The molar ratio of the total of all diols used to the dicarboxylic acid derivative Ad is preferably 1: 1 to 10: 1, more preferably 1.005: 1 to 7: 1, more preferably 1.01: 1 to 5: 1, even more preferably 1.01 : 1 to 4: 1 and especially 1, 01: 1 to 2: 1, eg 1, 02: 1 to 1, 5: 1.

If, in addition to the at least one mesogendiol of the formula Aa1, further diols Ab, Ac and / or Ae are used, then the molar ratio of all the employed dialkanol diols Aa1 to all other diols Ab, Ac and / or Ae which differ from them is preferably 1:10 to 10: 1, more preferably 0.8: 1 to 5: 1, more preferably 0.9: 1 to 3: 1 and especially 0.9: 1 to 2: 1, eg 1: 1 to 2: 1 or 1: 1 to 1, 7: 1.

Mesogendiols of the formula Aa1, wherein q ^{1 is} 0, are either commercially available or can be prepared by simple condensation reactions, for example a hydroquinone substituted with x radicals R ^a with p-hydroxybenzoic acid chloride in a molar ratio of about 1: 2 in the presence of a base, eg N-containing heterocyclic compounds such as pyridine, lutidine, imidazole, methylimidazole, ethylimidazole, DBU, DBN, DABCO and the like, or an aliphatic amine such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and the like. Suitable reaction conditions are described, for example, in DE 10016524 or DE 19716822, to which reference is hereby fully made.

Mesogendiols of the formula Aa1, in which q ^{1 is} 1, are obtainable, for example, by reacting a mesogendiol of the formula Aa ¹ , wherein q ^{1 is} 0, with an aliphatic haloalcohol of the formula Hal- (CH 2) _P protected on the OH group i-OP, wherein Hal is a halogen atom, especially Cl or Br, and P is a suitable protecting group, such as tetrahydropyran-2-yl, benzyl, silyl protecting groups, eg trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) or tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), or carbonyl protecting groups such as 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (TROC), in a molar ratio of about 1: 2 in the presence of a base, for example, an inorganic base, for example an alkali metal hydroxide, such as lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, such as magnesium or calcium hydroxide, or an alkali metal carbonate, such as lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate, or an organic base, for example an N. - containing heterocycle, such as pyridine, lutidine, imidazole, methyl imidazole, ethyl imidazole, DBU, DBN, DABCO and the like, or an aliphatic amine, such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and the like. After the etherification reaction, the protective group is removed again. The protecting group is introduced and removed by conventional methods.

The diols A.b, A.c and A.e are commercially available or can be prepared by known methods.

Acid chlorides of the formula A.d.1 (X = Cl) are either commercially available or can be easily prepared by reacting the underlying acids, which are likewise commercially available, for example with thionyl chloride.

In an alternative particularly preferred embodiment (B), the liquid-crystalline segments of the formula I or more precisely their precursor compound I-H can be obtained by reacting the following components

B.a) at least one mesogendiolefin of the formula B.a.1 or B.a.2

Ba1

B.a.2

or a mixture of different mesogendiolefins; wherein x ¹ and x ^{2 are} independently 0 or 1 and preferably 1; each I ^{1 is} independently an integer from 2 to 10 and preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; each I ^{2 is} independently an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and especially 1, 2 or 3; and R ^a1 and R ^a2 independently of one another are C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and especially methyl or tert-butyl

Butyl stand;

- B.b) at least one Sil (ox) on the formula B.b

H-Si (CH ₂ ) ₂ - [O-Si (CH ₂ ) ₂ Jn-H Bb in which i ^{1 is} 0 or an integer from 1 to 50, preferably an integer from 1 to 20 and in particular from 2 to 15 ; and

(B.c.1 ) oder CH₂=CH-O-(CH₂)_gi-OH (B.c.2)Bc) at least one olefinically unsaturated alcohol of the formula

(Bc1) or CH ₂ = CH-O- (CH _{2) g} i-OH (Bc2)

wherein f is 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1 or 2 and especially 1; and g ^{1 is} an integer from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6.

The reaction takes place under conditions which are customary for the addition of silanes to olefinic double bonds (hydrosilylation). Hydrosilylations are usually carried out in the presence of silylation catalysts. Suitable hydrosilylation catalysts are, for example, transition metal catalysts, wherein the transition metal is preferably selected from Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru and Ir. Suitable platinum catalysts include, for example, platinum in finely divided form ("platinum black"), platinum chloride and platinum complexes such as hexachloroplatinic acid and divinyldisiloxane-platinum complexes, for example tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane-platinum complexes, such as the so-called Karstedt catalyst (platinum-divinyltetramethylsiloxane complex in xylene). , Suitable rhodium catalysts are, for example, (RhCl (P (C 6 H ₅ ) s) s and RhCb. Also suitable are RuCb and IrCb. Suitable catalysts are also Lewis acids such as AICb or TiCl ₄ and peroxides. It may be advantageous to use combinations or mixtures of the aforementioned catalysts. Preference is given to using platinum catalysts. Of these, divinyldisiloxane-platinum complexes and in particular the Karstedt catalyst are particularly preferred.

The reaction temperature in the hydrosilylation, inter alia, depending on the catalyst selected, preferably in a range of 0 to 140 ⁰ C, more preferably 20 to 120 ⁰ C. The reaction is usually under atmospheric pressure carried out, but can also at elevated pressures, such as in the range of about 1, 5 to 20 bar, or reduced pressures, such as 200 to 600 mbar, take place.

The reaction can be carried out without solvent or in the presence of a suitable solvent. Preferred solvents are, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, the xylenes, chlorobenzene and the dichlorobenzenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane and petroleum ether, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane and cyclooctane, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in particular chloroalkanes, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chloroethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethane and tetrachloroethane, open-chain ethers, such as diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl isobutyl ether or methyl tert-butyl ether, and cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane. Preferred among these are aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular toluene, cyclic ethers, in particular tetrahydrofuran, and chloroalkanes, in particular chloroform.

Due to the reactivity of the silanes with protic compounds, it will be understood that the reaction suitably takes place in a substantially anhydrous reaction medium and under inert gas atmosphere, e.g. under a nitrogen or argon atmosphere. With respect to the term "substantially anhydrous reaction medium", reference is made to the above definition.

The procedure is carried out, for example, by initially introducing the mesogendiolefin B.a in a solvent and adding it with the silane B.b, the catalyst and finally with the olefinically unsaturated alcohol B.c, which acts as a terminating reagent. Alternatively, one can also submit the mesogendiolefin B.a and the catalyst in a solvent and add with the silane B.b and finally with the olefinically unsaturated alcohol B.c. In addition, the mesogendiolefin B.a and the olefinically unsaturated alcohol B.c may be presented in a suitable solvent, then the catalyst and finally the silane B.b added.

The molar ratio of all the mesogendiolefins Ba used to all the silanes Bb used is preferably 1: 1.005 to 1: 5, more preferably 1: 1, 01 to 1: 3, more preferably 1: 1, 03 to 1: 2, and in particular 1: 1, 05 to 1: 1, 5, eg 1: 1, 1 to 1: 1, 4.

The molar ratio of all the mesogendiolefins B.a used to all the olefinically unsaturated alcohols B.c used is preferably 1: 2 to 25: 1, more preferably 1: 1 to 20: 1 and in particular 1: 5: 1 to 10: 1.

Mesogendiolefine the formula Ba1, for example, by reacting a Mesogendiols Aa1, in which q ¹ is 0, with a Halogenvinylether of formula CH 2 = CH-O- (CH 2) n -Hal, in which Hal is a halogen atom and in particular Cl or Br, in a molar ratio of about 1: 2 in the presence of a base, for example an inorganic base, for example an alkali metal hydroxide, such as lithium , Sodium or potassium hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, such as magnesium or calcium hydroxide, or an alkali metal carbonate, such as lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate, or an organic base, for example an N-containing heterocycle, such as pyridine, lutidine, imidazole, Methylimidazole, ethylimidazole, DBU, DBN, DABCO and the like, or an aliphatic amine such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and the like, in an etherification reaction. Alternatively, a Mesogendiol can Aa1, wherein q ¹ stands for 0, with a hydroxy vinyl ether of formula CH 2 CH-O- (CH2) n-OH = in a molar ratio of about 1: (2 in a Mitsunobu reaction in the presence of triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate DEAD) or diisoproyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD).

Mesogendiolefins of the formula B.a.2 can be prepared, for example, by reacting a

Mesogendiols Aa1, wherein q ^{1 is} 0, with a halogenolefin of the formula CH 2 = CH- (CH 2) i2-Hal, wherein Hal is a halogen atom and in particular Cl or Br, in a molar ratio of about 1: 2 in the presence of a Base, for example an inorganic base, for example an alkali metal hydroxide, such as lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, such as magnesium or calcium hydroxide, or an alkali metal carbonate, such as lithium, sodium or potassium carbonate, or an organic base, for example an N heterocycle such as pyridine, lutidine, imidazole, methylimidazole, ethylimidazole, DBU, DBN, DABCO and the like or an aliphatic amine such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and the like, in an etherification reaction. Also, the Mitsunobu reaction described for the mesogendiolefin of the formula Ba1, ie the reaction of a mesogendiol Aa1, wherein q ^{1 is} 0, with a hydroxyolefin of the formula CH 2 = CH- (CH 2) i 2 -OH in a molar ratio of about 1: 2 in the presence of triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) or diisoproyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) is possible.

Sil (ox) anes of the formula B.b are commercially available. Likewise, the olefinically unsaturated alcohols B.c.1 and B.c.2 are commercially available.

In particular, for the application of the textile fabric according to the invention in a lower temperature range, for example in a temperature range of -15 to +50 ⁰ C, embodiment B is preferred.

In order to achieve the lowest possible phase transition temperatures, it is preferable to use a mixture of mesogendiolefin Ba1 and Ba2 as mesogendiolefin. In this case, x ¹ and x ^{2 are} preferably each 1 and R ^a1 and R ^a2 have different meanings. Preferably, R ^{a1 is} methyl and R ^{a2 is} tert-butyl or R ^a2 is methyl and R ^{a1 is} tert-butyl, but the first variant is more preferred. Preferably, I ¹ and I ² are also different values.

The liquid crystalline segments are part of a thermoplastic elastomer. As already mentioned, this is preferably one based on polyurethanes, polyureas, polycarbonates, polyesters or mixed-functional polymers. Accordingly, in addition to the liquid-crystalline segments, the elastomer from which the textile fabric according to the invention and the fiber according to the invention are constructed preferably also contains recurring units of the formula (II)

fC (O) -UBUC (O)] - (II) wherein each U is independently a chemical bond, O or NR ¹⁶ ; each B is independently a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, alicyclic, aliphatic-aromatic or araliphatic radical, the abovementioned radicals interrupted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^U, CO and SO2, could be; R ^{16 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl; and R ^{u is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl.

Divalent aliphatic radicals B are those which contain no cycloaliphatic (= alicyclic), aromatic or heterocyclic constituents. Examples are alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene radicals. The aliphatic radicals can also carry one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^U, CO and SO2 to be interrupted alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene radicals. The divalent aliphatic radicals can also be bonded to the groups U via a heteroatom-containing group which is selected from O, S and NR ^U. R ^u is hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, preferably hydrogen or methyl and in particular hydrogen.

Divalent alicyclic radicals B may contain one or more, eg one or two, alicyclic radicals; however, they contain no aromatic or heterocyclic constituents. The alicyclic radicals may be substituted by aliphatic radicals, but both binding sites for the groups U are on the alicyclic radical. Two alicyclic radicals may also have one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^U, CO and SO2 to be bonded together. Also, the alicyclic groups may be bonded to the CO groups via a heteroatom-containing group selected from O, S and NR ^U. R ^u is hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, preferably hydrogen or methyl and in particular hydrogen. Each alicyclic ring may contain 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents. carry tuenten selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, Ci-C ₆ alkyl, Ci-C ₆ - alkoxy, Ci-Cβ-alkylcarbonyl, Ci-Cβ-alkylcarbonyloxy, Ci-C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

Divalent aliphatic-alicyclic radicals B contain both at least one divalent aliphatic and at least one divalent alicyclic radical, wherein the two binding sites for the groups U either on the alicyclic radical (s) or both on the aliphatic radical (s) ) or one on one aliphatic and the other on an alicyclic radical. The at least one aliphatic radical can by one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^U, CO and SO2 to be interrupted. The at least one aliphatic and at least one alicyclic group may have one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^U, CO and SO2 to be bonded together. Also, two alicyclic groups via one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^U, CO and SO2 to be bonded together. In addition, the aliphatic-alicyclic radicals can be bonded to the groups U via a heteroatom-containing group which is selected from O, S and NR ^U. R ^u is hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, preferably hydrogen or methyl and in particular hydrogen. Each alicyclic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylcarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ - Alkylcarbonyloxy, Ci-C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably chlorine, bromine, Ci-C ₄ alkyl and Ci-C ₄ alkoxycarbonyl and in particular methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

Divalent aromatic radicals B may contain one or more, for example one or two, aromatic radicals; however, they contain no alicyclic or heterocyclic constituents. The aromatic radicals may be substituted by aliphatic radicals, but both binding sites for the groups U are located on the aromatic radical (s). Two aromatic radicals may also have one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^U, CO and SO2 to be bonded together. The aromatic radicals can also be bonded to the groups U via a heteroatom-containing group which is selected from O, S and NR ^U. R ^u is hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, preferably hydrogen or methyl and in particular hydrogen. Each aromatic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylcarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₆ - Alkylcarbonyloxy, Ci-C ₆ alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably from chlorine, bromine, Ci-C ₄ alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ alkoxycarbonyl and in particular from methyl and methoxycarbonyl. Divalent araliphatic radicals B contain both at least one divalent aliphatic and at least one divalent aromatic radical, wherein the two binding sites for the groups U either on both the aromatic radical (s) or both on the / the aliphatic radical (s) or one can see on one aliphatic and the other on an aromatic radical. The at least one aliphatic radical can by one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^U, CO and SO2 to be interrupted. The at least one aliphatic and at least one aromatic group may have one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^U, CO and SO2 to be bonded together. Also, two aromatic groups via one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^U, CO and SO2 to be bonded together. In addition, the araliphatic radicals can be bonded to the groups U via a heteroatom-containing group which is selected from O, S and NR ^U. Each aromatic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl,

Alkylcarbonyl, Ci-Cβ-alkylcarbonyloxy, Ci-Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably under chlorine, bromine, Ci-C ₄ -AlkVl and Ci-C4-Alkoxycarbonyl and in particular under methyl and Methoxycarbonyl.

In a preferred embodiment, the bivalent aliphatic radical B is linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkylene, particularly preferably linear or branched C 2 -C 15 -alkylene and in particular linear or branched C 2 -C 10 -alkylene. The linear or branched alkylene may be interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms. R ^u is hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, preferably hydrogen or methyl and in particular hydrogen.

Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 10 -alkylene are 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 2-propylene, 1, 3-propylene, 1, 2-butylene, 1, 3-butylene, 1, 4-butylene, 1, 2 -Methyl-1,2-ethylene, 1-methyl-1,3-propylene, 2-methyl-1,3-propylene, 1,2-pentylene, 1,3-pentylene, 1,4-pentylene, 1,5 - Pentylene, 2,3-pentylene, 2,4-pentylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1, 3-propylene, 3-methyl-1, 3-butylene, 1, 6-hexylene, 1, 7-heptylene, 3 , 3-Dimethyl-1, 5-pentylene, 1, 8-octylene, 1, 9-nonylene, 1, 10-decylene and other structural isomers thereof. Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene are, in addition to the examples mentioned above for C 2 -C 10 -alkylene, undecamethylene, dodecamethylene, tridecamethylene, tetradecamethylene and pentadecamethylene and also their structural isomers. Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkylene are, in addition to the examples cited above for C 2 -C 6 -alkylene, hexadecamethylene, heptadecamethylene, octadecamethylene, nonadecamethylene and docosamethylene and also their structural isomers. Examples of linear or branched alkylene interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms are bridging members of the following formulas:

-CH ₂ CH ₂ -O-CH ₂ CH ₂ ] _{t 8} -; -CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ HO-CH ₂ CH (CHS)] I ₈ -; -CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ -O-CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ It ₈ -; -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ - [OC H ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ] _t8 - and -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -O-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ It ₈ -

wherein each t8 is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent alicyclic radicals B are selected from C ₃ -C ₈ -cycloalkylene which may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 C ₁ -C 4 -alkyl radicals.

Examples of these are cyclopropylene, such as 1, 2-cyclopropylene, 1-methylcyclopropylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclopropylene or 1-methyl-2,3-cyclopropylene, cyclobutylene, such as 1, 2 or 1, 3-cyclobutylene , 1-methylcyclobutylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclobutylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclobutylene, 1-methyl-2,3-cyclobutylene or 1-methyl-2,4-cyclobutylene, cyclopentylene, such as 1, 2-cyclopentylene or 1, 3-cyclopentylene, 1-methylcyclopentylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-1, 4-cyclopentylene, 1 Methyl-2,3-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-2,4-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-2,5-cyclopentylene or 1-methyl-3,4-cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-cyclohexylene, 1-methylcyclohexylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,3- cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,4-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,5-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,6-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-3,4-cyclohexylene and 1-methyl-3,5- cyclohexylene, cycloheptylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3 - or 1, 4-cycloheptylene, and cyclooctylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4 or 1, 5-cyclooctylene. The CO groups can be cis- or trans-continuous.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent aliphatic-alicyclic radicals B are selected from C ₅ -C ₈ -cycloalkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, C ₅ -C ₈ -cycloalkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-C ₆ -C ₈ -cycloalkylene and C 1 -C 4 -cycloalkylene Alkylene-C5-C ₈ -cycloalkylene-Ci-C4-alkylene, wherein the cycloalkylene radicals 1, 2, 3 or 4 Ci-C4-alkyl radicals can carry.

Examples of these are dicyclohexdiylmethane, such as 4,4'-dicyclohexdiylmethane, 3,3'-dicyclohex-diylmethane or 2,2'-dicyclohexydiomethane, isophoronediyl, bis (methylene) -cyclohexane, such as 1,2-bis (methylene) cyclohexane, 1,3 Bis (methylene) cyclohexane or 1,4-bis (methylene) cyclohexane, and the like. The groups attached to the alicyclic radical can assume any relative position (cis / trans) to one another.

In a preferred embodiment, the bivalent aromatic radicals B are selected from phenylene, biphenylene, naphthylene, phenylene-sulfone-phenylene and Phenylenecarbonyl-phenylene, where the phenylene and naphthylene radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 Ci-C4-alkyl radicals.

Examples of these are phenylene, such as o-, m- and p-phenylene, toluene, such as o-, m- and p-tolylene, xylylenediamine, naphthylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1 , 5-, 1-, 8-, 2,3-, 2,6- and 2,7-naphthylene, diphenylene sulfone, such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-di-phenylsulfone, and benzophenylene nondiyl such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-benzophenonediyl.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent araliphatic radicals B are selected from phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, phenylene-C 1 -C ₄ -alkylene and phenylene-C 1 -C ₄ -alkylene-phenylene, where the phenylene radicals 1, 2, 3 or 4 C 1 -C 4 -Alkyl radicals can carry.

Examples of these are phenylmethylene (CH (CeH ₅ )), phenylenemethylene (-CH 2 -C ₆ H ₄ -), 1-phenyl-1,2-ethylene (-CH (C ₆ H ₅ ) CH ₂ -), 1-phenyl-1, 2-propylene (-CH (C ₆ H ₅ ) CH (CH ₃ ) -), 1-phenyl-1,3-propylene (-CH (C ₆ Hs) -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -), 2-phenyl- 1,2-propylene (-CH ₂ -C (C ₆ H ₅ ) (CH ₃ ) -), 2-phenyl-1,3-propylene (-CH ₂ -CH (C ₆ Hs) -CH ₂ -), Diphenylenemethane (- C ₆ H ₄ -CH ₂ -C ₆ H ₄ -), such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-diphenylenemethane, and 2,2-diphenylenepropane (diphenyldimethylmethane, -C ₆ H ₄ -C (CH ₃ ) ₂ -C ₆ H ₄ -), such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-di-phenylenedimethylmethane, and the like.

The repeating units II are formed in the reaction of suitable diisocyanates (O = C = NBN = C = O, U then stands for NH), dicarboxylic acid (derivatives), for example dicarboxylic acids (HO-C (O) -BC (O) -OH ) or dicarboxylic acid chlorides (CI-C (O) -BC (O) -CI) (U then stands for a chemical bond), dicarbonic acid (derivatives), eg dicarbonic acids (HO-C (O) -OBOC (O) -OH) or dicarbonic acid esters (RC (O) -OBOC (O) -R ', wherein R and R' are independently C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, U then being O), diureas (NH ₂ -C (O) -NR ¹⁶ -B-NR ¹⁶ -C (O) -NH ₂ ; U then stands for NR ¹⁶ ) or diurethanes (RO-C (O) -NR ¹⁶ -B- NR ¹⁶ -C (O) -OR, where R is Ci C ₄ -alkyl; then U is NR ¹⁶ ) with alcohols / diols, thiols / dithiols or amines / diamines (for example with the precursor compound IH or with the compound HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H, see below).

Suitable diisocyanates are all aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic and araliphatic diisocyanates known in the art and exemplified below. Of these, preference is given to 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, the mixtures of monomeric diphenylmethane diisocyanates and oligomeric diphenylmethane diisocyanates (polymer MDI), tetramethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate trimers, hexamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate trimers, isophorone diisocyanate trimer, 4 4'-methylene-bis (cyclohexyl) diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, dodecyl diisocyanate, lysine alkyl ester diisocyanate, where alkyl is C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, 1, 4 Diisocyanatocyclohexane or 4-isocyanatomethyl-1, 8-octamethylene diisocyanate, further diisocyanates having NCO groups of different reactivity, such as 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,4'-MDI ), Triisocyanatotoluene, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2-butyl-2-ethylpentamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4- or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2-isocyanatopropylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 3 ( 4) iso-cyanoatomethyl-1-methylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanato-4-methylpentane, 2,4'-methylenebis (cyclohexyl) diisocyanate and 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diisocyanate (H-TDI) , Diisocyanates whose NCO groups are initially the same reactive, but in which by first addition of a reactant to an NCO group can induce a drop in reactivity in the second NCO group, for example, isocyanates, their NCO groups via a delocalized π-electron system coupled, z. B. 1, 3- and 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanate, 1, 5-naphthylene diisocyanate, diphenyl diisocyanate, tolidine diisocyanate or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate. It is also possible to use oligoisocyanates or polyisocyanates which are prepared from the abovementioned diisocyanates or mixtures thereof by linking by means of urethane, allophanate, urea, biuret, uretdione, amide, isocyanurate, carbodiimide, uretonimine , Oxadiazinetrione or iminooxadiazinedione structures.

The dicarboxylic acid or its derivative may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof.

Examples of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecane-α, ω-diacid and dodecane-α, ω-diacid. It also includes unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid and sorbic acid. Examples of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid dichlorides are oxalyl dichloride, malonyl dichloride, succinic acid dichloride, glutaric acid dichloride, adipic acid dichloride, pimelic acid dichloride, suberic acid dichloride, azelaic acid dichloride, sebacic acid dichloride, undecane-.alpha., .Omega.-diacid dichloride and dodecane-.alpha., .Omega.-diacid dichloride.

Examples of cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids are cis- and trans-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, cis- and trans-cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, cis- and cyclopentane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and cis- and trans-cyclopentane 1, 3-dicarboxylic acid. Examples of cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid dichlorides are cis- and trans-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dichloride, cis- and trans-cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid dichloride, cis- and trans-cyclopentane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid dichloride and cis- and trans-cyclopentane 1, 3-dicarboxylic acid dichloride. Aromatic dicarboxylic acids are, for example, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid. Aromatic dicarboxylic acid dichlorides are, for example, phthalic acid dichloride, isophthalic acid dichloride and terephthalic acid dichloride.

Suitable diureas are, for example, methylene diurea, ethylene-1,2-diurea, propylene-1,3-diurea, butylene-1,4-diurea, pentamethylene-1,5-diurea and hexamethylene-1,6-diurea.

Suitable diurethanes are, for example, dimethyl ester, diethyl ester, dipropyl ester and dibutyl ester of ethylene-1,2-dicarbamic acid, propylene-1,3-dicarbamic acid, butylene-1,4-dicarbamic acid, pentamethylene-1,5-dicarbamic acid or hexamethylene-1, 6-dicarbamic.

Preference is given to using diisocyanates to produce repeat units II. Accordingly, in the repeating unit Il U is preferably NH. With regard to suitable diisocyanates, reference is made to the above statements. In particular, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate is used, ie B stands specifically for -C6H4-CH2-C6H4-. Accordingly, the repeating unit II is specifically: - [C (O) -NHC ₆ H ₄ -CH ₂ -C ₆ H ₄ -NH-C (O) J-.

The generation of repeat units II is preferably carried out using at least one precursor molecule of the liquid-crystalline repeat unit I as diol / dithiol / diamine. Preferred precursor molecules are those of the formula I-H

HZ ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² } aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² -H (IH)

wherein the variables have one of the general or in particular one of the preferred meanings given above.

In a preferred embodiment, in addition to the above-mentioned precursor molecule I-H, another diol or diamine or a mixed amine / alcohol is used.

Preferably, the diamine or diol or the mixed amine / alcohol has the formula Nl-H:

HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (III)

Accordingly, the elastomer preferably also contains repeat units of the formula (III) fZ ³ -KZ ³ ] - in which each Z ^{3 is} independently O or NR ¹⁷ ;

K is a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic radical, wherein the abovementioned radicals are also interrupted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ^V , CO and SO 2 could be;

R ^{17 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl; and

R ^{v is} hydrogen or Ci-C ₄ alkyl.

Preferably, Z ^{3 is} O. Accordingly, diols of the formula HO-K-OH are preferably used to produce such repeating units.

Divalent aliphatic radicals K are those which contain no cycloaliphatic (= alicyclic), aromatic or heterocyclic constituents. Examples are alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene radicals. The aliphatic radicals can also carry one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^V, CO and SO2 to be interrupted alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene radicals. The divalent aliphatic radicals can also be bonded to the groups Z ³ via a heteroatom-containing group which is selected from O, S and NR ^V. R ^v stands for hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, preferably for hydrogen or methyl and in particular for hydrogen.

Divalent alicyclic radicals K may contain one or more, eg one or two, alicyclic radicals; however, they contain no aromatic or heterocyclic constituents. The alicyclic radicals may be substituted by aliphatic radicals, but both binding sites for the Z ³ groups are on the alicyclic radical. Two alicyclic radicals may also be bonded to each other via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ^V , CO and SO 2. Also, the alicyclic groups may be bonded to the Z ³ groups via a heteroatom-containing group selected from O, S and NR ^V. Each alicyclic ring can 1 bear 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, _Ci-C6 -alkyl, d-Ce-alkoxy, d-Ce-alkylcarbonyl, _Ci-C6 - alkylcarbonyloxy , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably from chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxycarbonyl and in particular from methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

Divalent aliphatic-alicyclic radicals K contain both at least one divalent aliphatic and at least one divalent alicyclic radical, the two binding sites for the Z ³ groups either being attached to the alicyclic radical (s) or both to the aliphatic radical (s) ( or one on one aliphatic and the other on an alicyclic radical. The at least one aliphatic radical may be substituted by one or more heteroatom-containing Groups selected from O, S, NR ^V , CO and SO 2, be interrupted. The at least one aliphatic and the at least one alicyclic radical may be bonded together via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ^V , CO and SO 2. Also, two alicyclic groups may be bonded to each other via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ^V , CO and SO 2. In addition, the aliphatic-alicyclic radicals can be bonded to the groups Z ³ via a heteroatom-containing group which is selected from O, S and NR ^V. Each alicyclic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, Ci-Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl,

Hydroxy, nitro, CHO and CN, preferably from chlorine, bromine, Ci-C ₄ -AlkVl and C 1 -C ₄ alkoxycarbonyl and in particular from methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

Divalent aromatic radicals K may contain one or more, for example one or two, aromatic radicals; however, they contain no alicyclic or heterocyclic constituents. The aromatic radicals may be substituted by aliphatic radicals, but both binding sites for the Z ³ groups are located on the aromatic radical (s). Two aromatic radicals may also be bonded to each other via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ^V , CO and SO 2. The aromatic radicals can also be bonded to the groups Z ³ via a heteroatom-containing group which is selected from O, S and NR ^V. Each aromatic ring may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents which are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, Cβ-alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO, and CN, preferably chloro, bromo, -C ₄ -alkyl and Ci-C ₄ alkoxycarbonyl, and especially from methyl and methoxycarbonyl.

Divalent araliphatic radicals K contain both at least one divalent aliphatic and at least one divalent aromatic radical, the two binding sites for the Z ³ groups either being attached to the aromatic radical (s) or both to the aliphatic radical (s). or one may be on an aliphatic and the other on an aromatic radical. The at least one aliphatic radical may be interrupted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ^V , CO and SO 2. The at least one aliphatic and the at least one aromatic radical may be bonded to each other via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ^V , CO and SO 2. Also, two aromatic groups may be bonded to each other via one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ^V , CO and SO 2. In addition, the araliphatic radicals can be bonded to the groups Z ³ via a heteroatom-containing group which is selected from O, S and NR ^V. In a preferred embodiment, the bivalent aliphatic radical K is linear or branched C ₂ -C 20 -alkylene, particularly preferably linear or branched C ₂ -C 15 -alkylene and in particular linear or branched C ₂ -C 10 -alkylene. The linear or branched alkylene may be interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms.

Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 10 -alkylene are 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 2-propylene, 1, 3-propylene, 1, 2-butylene, 1, 3-butylene, 1, 4-butylene, 1, 2 -Methyl-1,2-ethylene, 1-methyl-1,3-propylene, 2-methyl-1,3-propylene, 1,2-pentylene, 1,3-pentylene, 1,4-pentylene, 1,5 - Pentylene, 2,3-pentylene, 2,4-pentylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1, 3-propylene, 3-methyl-1, 3-butylene, 1, 6-hexylene, 1, 7-heptylene, 3 , 3-Dimethyl-1, 5-pentylene, 1, 8-octylene, 1, 9-nonylene, 1, 10-decylene and other structural isomers thereof. Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene, in addition to the examples cited above for C 2 -C 10 -alkylene, are undecamethylene, dodecamethylene, tridecamethylene, tetradecamethylene and pentadecamethylene and also their structural isomers. Examples of linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkylene are, in addition to the examples cited above for C 2 -C 6 -alkylene, hexadecamethylene, heptadecamethylene, octadecamethylene, nonadecamethylene and docosamethylene and also their structural isomers.

Examples of linear or branched alkylene interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms are bridging members of the following formulas: -CH ₂ CH ₂ -fO-CH ₂ CH ₂ ] _{t 9} -; -CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ HO-CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) K; -CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ -O-CH (CH ₃ ) CH ₂ It ₉ -; -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ - [OC H ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ] _t9 - and -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -O-CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ It ₉ -

wherein each t9 is independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent alicyclic radicals K are selected from C ₃ -C 8 -cycloalkylene which may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 C ₁ -C 4 -alkyl radicals.

Examples of these are cyclopropylene, such as 1, 2-cyclopropylene, 1-methylcyclopropylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclopropylene or 1-methyl-2,3-cyclopropylene, cyclobutylene, such as 1, 2 or 1, 3-cyclobutylene , 1-methylcyclobutylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclobutylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclobutylene, 1-methyl-2,3-cyclobutylene or 1-methyl-2,4-cyclobutylene, cyclopentylene, such as 1, 2-cyclopentylene or 1, 3-cyclopentylene, 1-methylcyclopentylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-1, 4-cyclopentylene, 1 Methyl-2,3-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-2,4-cyclopentylene, 1-methyl-2,5-cyclopentylene or 1-methyl-3,4-cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-cyclohexylene, 1-methylcyclohexylene, such as 1-methyl-1, 2-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-1, 3-cyclohexylene, 1 Methyl-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,3-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,4-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,5-cyclohexylene, 1-methyl-2,6-cyclohexylene, 1 Methyl-3,4-cyclohexylene and 1-methyl-3,5-cyclohexylene, cycloheptylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-cycloheptylene, and cyclooctylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3 , 1, 4 or 1, 5-cyclooctylene. The CO groups can be cis- or trans-continuous.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent aliphatic-alicyclic radicals K are selected from C5-C8-cycloalkylene-Ci-C4-alkylene, Cs-C8-cycloalkylene-dC ₄ -alkylene-Cδ-Cs-cycloalkylene and Ci-C4-alkylene-C5 -C 8 -cycloalkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, where the cycloalkylene radicals may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals.

Examples of these are dicyclohexdiylmethane, such as 4,4'-dicyclohexdiylmethane, 3,3'-dicyclohex-diylmethane or 2,2'-dicyclohexydiomethane, isophoronediyl, bis (methylene) -cyclohexane, such as 1,2-bis (methylene) cyclohexane, 1,3 Bis (methylene) cyclohexane or 1,4-bis (methylene) cyclohexane, and the like. The groups attached to the alicyclic radical can assume any relative position (cis / trans) to one another.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent aromatic radicals K are selected from phenylene, biphenylene, naphthylene, phenylene-sulfone-phenylene and phenylene-carbonyl-phenylene, where the phenylene and naphthylene radicals can carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals ,

Examples of these are phenylene, such as o-, m- and p-phenylene, toluene, such as o-, m- and p-tolylene, xylylenediamine, naphthylene, such as 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1 , 5-, 1-, 8-, 2,3-, 2,6- and 2,7-naphthylene, diphenylene sulfone, such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-di-phenylsulfone, and benzophenylene nondiyl such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-benzophenonediyl.

In a preferred embodiment, the divalent araliphatic radicals K are selected from phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, phenylene-C 1 -C ₄ -alkylene and phenylene-C 1 -C ₄ -alkylene-phenylene, where the phenylene radicals 1, 2, 3 or 4 C 1 -C 4 -Alkyl radicals can carry.

Examples of these are phenylmethylene (CH (CeHs)), phenylenemethylene (-CH 2 -C ₆ H ₄ -), 1-phenyl-1,2-ethylene (-CH (C ₆ H ₅ ) CH ₂ -), 1-phenyl-1,2 -propylene (-CH (C ₆ H ₅ ) CH (CH ₃ ) -), 1-phenyl-1, 3-propylene (-CH (C ₆ Hs) -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -), 2-phenyl-1 , 2-propylene (-CH ₂ -

C (C ₆ H ₅ ) (CH ₃ ) -), 2-phenyl-1, 3-propylene (-CH ₂ -CH (C ₆ Hs) -CH ₂ -), diphenylenemethane (- C ₆ H ₄ -CH ₂ -C ₆ H ₄ -), such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-diphenylenemethane, and 2,2-diphenylenepropane (diphenyldimethylmethane, -C ₆ H ₄ -C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - C ₆ H ₄ -) such as 2,2'-, 3,3'- and 4,4'-di-phenylenedimethylmethane, and the like. K is preferably a divalent aliphatic radical, particularly preferably linear or branched C 2 -C 8 -alkylene and in particular linear C 2 -C 6 -alkylene, such as 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1 , 5-pentylene and 1, 6-hexylene.

In one embodiment of the invention, the elastomer used according to the invention comprises repeating units of the formula (IV)

{C (O) -UBuc (O) -Z ³ -KZ ³ } (IV)

wherein U, B, Z ³ and K have one of the general or preferred meanings given above.

These are produced by reacting the above-described diisocyanates, dicarboxylic acid (derivatives), dicarbonic acid (derivatives), diureas or diurethanes with a precursor compound IH and simultaneously with a compound of the formula HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H. In this case, the carbonyl compound (ie the diisocyanate, dicarboxylic acid (derivative), etc.) is used at least equimolarly, preferably in molar excess, based on the precursor compound IH.

Alternatively, elastomers containing repeat units of formula IV are prepared by first reacting the carbonyl compound (ie, the diisocyanate, dicarboxylic acid (derivative), etc.) with the precursor compound IH. The reaction preferably takes place under such conditions that the carbonyl compound forms the termini of the polymer chain. This can be achieved, for example, by using the carbonyl compound in molar excess, based on the compound IH. Subsequently, the product obtained is reacted with the compound HZ ³ - KZ ³ -H, wherein the unreacted isocyanate / carboxylic acid (derivative) - / carbonic acid (derivative) - / react urea / urethane groups.

The elastomer used according to the invention is preferably prepared by reacting at least one precursor molecule IH with at least one diisocyanate (O = C = NB-N = C = O), at least one dicarboxylic acid or at least one derivative thereof, eg at least one dicarboxylic acid (HO-C (O ) -BC (O) -OH) or at least one dicarboxylic acid chloride (CI-C (O) -BC (O) -CI), at least one dicarbonic acid or at least one derivative thereof, for example at least one dicarbonic acid (HO-C ( O) -OBOC (O) -OH) or at least one dicarbonic acid ester (RC (O) -OBOC (O) -R ', wherein R and R' are independently C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl), at least one diurea (NH ₂ -C (O) -NR ¹⁶ -B- NR ¹⁶ -C (O) -NH ₂ ) and / or at least one diurethane (RO-C (O) -NR ¹⁶ -B -NR ¹⁶ -C (O) -OR, wherein R is CrC ₄ -AlkVl) and optionally with at least one diol or diamine or mixed amine / alcohol HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H available. Regarding suitable and preferred meanings of the variables in the precursor molecule IH, B, Z ³ and K are referred to the previous embodiments.

Preferably, the elastomer used according to the invention is obtained by reacting at least one precursor molecule I-H with at least one diisocyanate (O = C = N-B-).

N = C = O), at least one dicarboxylic acid or at least one derivative thereof, for example at least one dicarboxylic acid (HO-C (O) -BC (O) -OH) or at least one dicarboxylic acid chloride (CI-C (O) - BC (O) -CI), at least one dicarbonic acid or at least one derivative thereof, eg at least one dicarbonic acid (HO-C (O) -OBOC (O) -OH) or at least one dicarbonic acid ester (RC (O) -OBOC (O ) -R ', wherein R and R' independently represent CrC ₄ -AlkVl), at least one diurea (NH ₂ -C (O) -NR ¹⁶ -B- NR ¹⁶ -C (O) -NH ₂ ) and / or at least one diurethane (RO-C (O) -NR ¹⁶ -B-NR ¹⁶ -C (O) - oR, wherein R represents -C ₄ -alkyl group) and at least one diol or diamine or mixed amine / alcohol HZ ³ - KZ ³ -H available. With regard to suitable and preferred meanings of the variables in the precursor molecule IH, B, Z ³ and K, reference is made to the previous statements.

The elastomer used according to the invention is particularly preferably obtainable by reacting at least one precursor molecule IH, in which Z ¹ and Z ^{2 represent} O, with at least one diisocyanate (O = C = NBN = C = O) and having at least one HO-K-OH , With regard to suitable and preferred meanings of the variables in the precursor molecule IH, B and K, reference is made to the previous statements.

The reaction takes place according to customary methods for such condensation reactions. For example, the at least one precursor compound IH containing the at least one diisocyanate (O = C = NBN = C = O) containing at least one dicarboxylic acid or the at least one derivative thereof, eg with at least one dicarboxylic acid (HO-C (O) - BC (O) -OH) or with at least one dicarboxylic acid chloride (CI-C (O) -B- C (O) -CI), with the at least one dicarbonic acid or with the at least one derivative thereof, eg with at least one dicarbonic acid ( HO-C (O) -OBOC (O) -OH) or with at least one dicarbonic acid ester (RC (O) -OBOC (O) -R ', in which R and R' are independently C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl) at least one diurea (NH ₂ -C (O) -NR ¹⁶ -B-NR ¹⁶ -C (O) -NH ₂ or with the at least one diurethane (RO-C (O) -NR ¹⁶ -B -NR ¹⁶ - C (O) -OR, wherein R is C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl) and optionally with the at least one diol or diamine or mixed amine / alcohol HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H at elevated temperature, for example at 30 ⁰ C to Boiling point of the reaction mixture, for example in a temperature range of 50 ⁰ C. to 250 ⁰ C or from 40 ⁰ C to 150 ⁰ C, usually in a suitable solvent implemented. The reaction is often carried out in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Suitable catalysts depend on the particular reactants. For example, bases are suitable catalysts for the reaction of dicarboxylic acid derivatives, dicarbonic acid derivatives, diureas and diurethanes, for example alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal bicarbonates, for example sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate or magnesium sodium hydrogen carbonate, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonates, for example sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, basic non-nucleophilic amines such as DBU (diazabicycloundecene), DBN (diazabicyclononene), DABCO (diazabicyclooctane), nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as imidazole, and 2-methylimidazole, 1, 2-dimethylimidazole, pyridine, lutidine and the like. Suitable catalysts are furthermore aluminum, tin, zinc, titanium, zirconium and bismuth organic compounds, such as titanium tetrabutoxide, dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dilaurate, tin dioctoate, zirconium acetylacetonate and mixtures thereof.

When using dicarboxylic acids or dicarbonic acids, bases are not suitable catalysts; here Brönsted acids or Lewis acids offer as catalysts. Suitable Brönsted acids are both inorganic acids, such as, for example, mineral acids, for example hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or sulfamic acid, but also ammonium salts, such as ammonium fluoride, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide or ammonium sulfate, or organic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, Trifluoroacetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid. Suitable Bronsted acids are also the ammonium salts of organic amines, such as ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, dipropylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine, aniline, benzylamine or melamine, and also the ammonium salts of urea. Suitable Lewis acids are any metal or semimetallic halides in which the metal or metalloid has an electron pair gap. Examples include BF3, BCB, BBr 3, AlF 3, AlCl 3, AlBr 3, ethylaluminum dichloride, diethylaluminum chloride, TiF _4, TiCl _4, TiBr _4, VCI _5, FeF _3, FeCl _3, FeBr _3, ZnF _2, ZnCl _2, ZnBr _2, Cu (I) F, Cu (I) Cl, Cu (I) Br, Cu (II) F ₂ , Cu (II) Cl ₂ , Cu (II) Br ₂ , Sb (III) F ₃ , Sb (V) F _5, Sb (III) Cl _3, Sb (V) CI _5, Nb (V) CI _5, Sn (II) F _2, Sn (II) Cl _2, Sn (II) Br _2, Sn (IV) F ₄ , Sn (IV) Cl ₄ and Sn (IV) Br ₄ .

The reaction with dicarboxylic acids or dicarbonic acids can also be carried out in the presence of coupling reagents (activators), such as carbodiimides, such as DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) and DCI (diisopropylcarbodiimide), benzotriazole derivatives, such as HBTU ((O-benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N ', N'-tetramethyloronium hexafluorophosphate) and HCTU (1H-benzotriazolium-1- [bis (dimethylamino) methylene] -5-chloro-tetrafluoroborate) and phosphonium activators such as BOP ((benzotriazol-1-yloxy) -tris (dimethylamino phosphonium hexafluorophosphate), Py-BOP ((benzotriatzol-1-ylxy) -tripyrrolidinophosphate) phonium hexafluorophosphate) and Py-BrOP (bromotripyrrolidine phosphonium hexafluorophosphate).

The reaction with diisocyanates (O = C = N-B-N = C = O) is preferably carried out in the presence of catalysts as are customary for the preparation of polyurethanes. These include on the one hand organic bases, especially amines and in particular tertiary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic amines and alkanolamines, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Suitable bases are, for example, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, tetramethylethanediamine, tetramethylpropanediamine, tetramethylhexanediamine, triethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, tris (3 dimethylamino) propylamine, pentamethyldipropylenetriamine, dimethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methylaminoethanol, dimethyl 2- (2-aminoethoxy) ethanol, bis (dimethylamino) -2-propanol, bis (dimethylaminopropyl) amino- 2-propanol, dimethylaminopropyldipropanolamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N, N-dimethylpiperazine, 1-dimethylaminoethyl-4-methylpiperazine, dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecene (DBU ), 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN), diazabicyclooctane (DABCO), 1, 3,5-tris (3-dimethylaminopropyl) hexahydrotriazine, tetramethylimino-bispropylamine, N-methylimidazole, 1 , 2-dimethylimidazole, N- (2-hydroxypropyl) imidiazole, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) imidiazole and N- (3-aminopro pyl) imazole, and the like.

Another suitable type of catalyst is organic tin compounds such as dibutyltin dilaurate, tin (II) carboxylate, zinc (II) acetate and stannous ethylhexanoate.

The catalysts mentioned (bases and tin compounds) are commercially available, for example as Rhein Chemie's Addocat® brands or as Nitroil's PC CAT® brands.

The reaction is usually carried out in a suitable solvent. Suitable solvents are inert, ie they do not interfere with the reaction of the reactants and do not change even under the given reaction conditions. Suitable solvents are, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, the xylenes, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene and the dichlorobenzenes, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, in particular chloroalkanes, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chloroethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethane and tetrachloroethane, aliphatic ketones, such as Acetone and ethyl methyl ketone, cycloaliphatic ketones, such as cyclohexanone, open-chain ethers, such as diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl isobutyl ether and methyl tert-butyl ether, cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, aliphatic esters, such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, Butyl acetate, methyl propionate and ethyl propionate, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl esters, such as 1-methoxyprop-2-yl acetate, carboxamides, such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, nitriles, such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N, N'-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU). Also suitable are mixtures of the abovementioned solvents, in particular a mixture of more polar solvents with relatively nonpolar solvents, for example mixtures of one of the abovementioned aromatic solvents, in particular toluene, with methylene chloride, one of the stated ketones, one of the cyclic ethers, one of the esters mentioned, or preferably one of said amides, in particular dimethylacetamide.

The reaction conditions for the reaction correspond to usual conditions for the preparation of polyurethanes, polyureas, polycarbonates, polyesters or mixed polymers.

Thus, the reaction is preferably carried out in a substantially anhydrous medium. "Substantially anhydrous" means that the solvent contains at most 2% by weight, preferably at most 1% by weight and in particular at most 0.5

Wt .-% water, based on its total weight. In addition, the reaction is preferably carried out under an inert gas atmosphere, for example, in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere.

When in addition to the above precursor molecule IH, another diol or diamine or mixed amine / alcohol is used (HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H, wherein each Z ^{3 is} independently O or NR ¹⁷ , wherein R ^{17 is} hydrogen or Ci-C ₄ -AlkVl, preferably hydrogen or methyl and in particular hydrogen), which is the procedure of choice, this is preferably fed to the reaction mixture as the last component.

The precursor compound IH, the dicarbonyl compound (ie the diisocyanate or the dicarboxylic acid, etc.) and the compound HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H are preferably used in amounts such that a molar ratio of all groups Z ¹ -H, Z ² -H and Z ³ -H, which are contained in the compounds IH and HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H, to all with these groups Z ¹ - H, Z ² -H and Z ³ -H reactive groups of the dicarbonyl compounds (ie to all isocyanate groups of Diisocyanate, all carboxylic acid groups of the dicarboxylic acid, all carboxylic acid derivative groups of the dicarboxylic acid derivative, etc.) of about 1: 1 results, eg from 1, 2: 1 to 1: 1, 2 or 1, 1: 1 to 1: 1, 1.

Preferably, compound IH and the dicarbonyl compound (ie, the diisocyanate or dicarboxylic acid, etc.) are used in a molar ratio of 1: 2 to 1:50, more preferably 1: 3 to 1:25, and most preferably 1: 3 to 1:15; the compound HZ ³ - KZ ³ -H is preferably used in an amount such that the above-described approximately equimolar ratio of all groups Z ¹ -H, Z ² -H and Z ³ -H results in all groups of the dicarbonyl compound which are reactive therewith , This will be the connection HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H and the dicarbonyl compound in a molar ratio of preferably 1: 2 to 49:50, more preferably 2: 3 to 24:25 and in particular 2: 3 to 14:15 used.

After completion of the polymerization, the reaction product is worked up and / or purified according to conventional methods, for example by deactivating or removing the catalyst (especially a metal-containing catalyst) and / or by removing solvent and unreacted starting materials and precipitating the polymers from suitable precipitants , For example, the reaction mixture can be treated with a protic compound, such as water, a C 1 -C 4 -alko, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol or tert-butanol, or a diol, such as ethylene glycol. to hydrolyze the catalyst or unreacted starting materials, such as diisocyanates or carboxylic acid chlorides, and thus to deactivate and separate from the precipitated polymer. If desired, the reaction mixture can then be subjected to further purification steps, such as extraction. In general, however, the degree of purity of the resulting polycondensates is sufficient, so that no further purification must be carried out and the product can be fed directly to its further application.

Alternatively, the elastomer used according to the invention is preferably prepared by reacting at least one compound HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H with an oligomer of at least one precursor molecule IH with at least one diisocyanate (O = C = NBN = C = O), at least one dicarboxylic acid or at least one Derivative thereof, for example at least one dicarboxylic acid (HO-C (O) -BC (O) -OH) or at least one dicarboxylic acid chloride (CI-C (O) -BC (O) -CI), at least one dicarbonic acid or at least a derivative thereof, eg at least one dicarbonic acid (HO-C (O) -OBOC (O) -OH) or at least one dicarbonic acid ester (RC (O) -OBOC (O) -R ', wherein R and R' are independently C 1 -C ₄ -AlkVl), at least one diurea (NH ₂ -C (O) -NR ¹⁶ -B-NR ¹⁶ -C (O) -NH ₂ ) and / or at least one diurethane (RO-C (O) -NR ¹⁶ - B-NR ¹⁶ -C (O) -OR, wherein R is CrC ₄ -AlkVl). Such an oligomer has, for example, the following structure VA or VB:

(V-A);O = C = NB-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -MHa-Y ¹ -M ¹ -YHM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² - [C (O) -NH- B-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -

(VA);

or

VC (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -Ya-Y ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ Jb-A ² -Z ² -tC (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -Ya-Y ¹ -M ¹ - _Y ² _{- {M} ³ _-Y ⁴ _{} bA} ² _-Z ² } ₂ .c (O) -UBUC (O) -V; (VB)

wherein U, B, M ¹ , M ² , M ³ , A ¹ , A ² , Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Z ¹ , Z ² , a and b is one of the abovementioned general or preferably one of the abovementioned have preferred meanings, z is a number from 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 10, in particular 0 to 5, for example 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

V is NHR ¹⁸ , OR ¹⁹ or halogen; wherein

R ^{18 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl; and R ^{19 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl.

The preparation of the oligomer VA or VB, and also its subsequent reaction with the compound HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H is carried out under reaction conditions as for the reaction of the precursor compound IH with the diisocyanate, the dicarboxylic acid / dicarboxylic acid derivative, the dicarbonic acid / dicarbonic acid derivative , the diurea or the diurethane and optionally the further compound HZ ³ -KZ ³ - H (Nl-H) have been described above (but of course without the use of the compound HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H).

Preferably, at least one diisocyanate (O = C = NBN = C = O) is used in the reaction. The reactants used are preferably at least one diol of the formula IH, in which Z ¹ and Z ^{2 are} O. Also preferably used as an optional further reactant is a diol, preferably a diol of the formula HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H, in which Z ^{3 is} O. Overall, therefore, the resulting thermoplastic elastomer is a segmented polyurethane.

Preference is given to using a compound HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H. In this case, Z ^{3 is} preferably O. Accordingly, the elastomer used according to the invention contains repeating units of the formula III and of the formula IV.

In a particular embodiment, the elastomer used according to the invention is obtainable by a process comprising the following steps:

(i.1) Implementation of the following components

- A.a) at least one mesogendiol of the formula A.a.1

A.a.1 worin q¹ für 0 oder 1 steht; p¹ für eine ganze Zahl von 2 bis 20, vorzugsweise 2 bis 15 und insbesondere

Aa1 wherein q ¹ stands for 0 or 1; p ^{1 is} an integer from 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 15 and in particular

2 to 12 stands; x is 0 or 1 and preferably 1; and R ^{a is} C 1 -C 4 alkyl and especially methyl;

A.b) optionally at least one further mesogendiol of the formula A.b.1 or A.b.2:

oder ein Gemisch davon

or a mixture thereof

- A.c) optionally at least one diol selected from compounds of the formulas A.c.1, A.c.2, A.c.3, A.c.4, A.c.5:

QH

and mixtures thereof, wherein

R ^{aa is} selected from C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxy and is especially methyl, tert-butyl or methoxy; and xx is O or 1;

A.d) at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula A.d.1:

O O

A.d.1

X ^ A ^ X

wherein A is selected from (CR ^α R ^β ) _α ; fO- (CH 2) _ß } _γ -O- and phenylene, preferably 1, 3 or 1, 4-phenylene and in particular 1, 3-phenylene, wherein

R ^α and R ^{β are} independently H, Ci-C ₄ -AlkVl or phenyl; α is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 15 and in particular 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; ß is 2, 3 or 4 and preferably 2; and γ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 and especially 2; and

X is a leaving group and in particular Cl; and

- A.e) optionally at least one further diol which is selected from compounds of the following formulas:

HO-KCH ₂ VOkH

HO-f (CH ₂ ) _κ -C (O) -O] _λ (CH ₂ ) _Φ -O- (CH 2) _η -fO-C (O) - (CH ₂ ) ₂ OH HO- (CH ₂ ) _μ - [ SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O] _v -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - (CH ₂ ) _o -OH

and mixtures thereof, wherein

R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ independently of one another are C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl or aryl, preferably

Ci-C ₄ alkyl and in particular methyl; δ is 2, 3 or 4 and preferably 2; ε is a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and especially for 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; φ and η independently represent a number from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6, especially 2, 3 or 4 and especially 2; each K is independently a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and especially 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; each λ is independently a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6 and especially from 1 to 4; μ and o independently represent a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6 and especially from 2 to 4; and v is a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10;

or

(i.2) Reaction of the following components Ba) at least one mesogendiolefin of the formula Ba1 or Ba2

B.a.1

B.a.2

or a mixture of different mesogendiolefins; wherein x ¹ and x ^{2 are} independently 0 or 1 and preferably 1; each I ^{1 is} independently an integer from 2 to 10 and preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; each I ^{2 is} independently an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and especially 1, 2 or 3; and

R ^a1 and R ^a2 independently of one another are C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and especially methyl or tert-butyl;

- B.b) at least one Sil (ox) on the formula B.b

H-Si (CH ₂ ) ₂ - [O-Si (CH ₂ ) ₂ J ₁ IH Bb

wherein O or an integer from 1 to 50, preferably an integer from 1 to 20 and especially from 2 to 15; and

- B.c) at least one olefinically unsaturated alcohol of the formula

CH ₂ = CH- (CH ₂ ) π-OH (Bc1) or CH ₂ = CH-O- (CH ₂ ) _g i-OH (Bc 2)

wherein f is 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1 or 2 and especially 1; and g ^{1 is} an integer from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6; and

(ii) reacting the product obtained in step (i.1) or (i.2) with at least one diisocyanate O = C = N-B-N = C = O and preferably also with at least one compound HI-H

(Iii)

HZ ³ -KZ ³ H (NI-H);

wherein B, Z ³ and K have one of the abovementioned general or preferably one of the preferred meanings given.

With regard to preferred meanings of the variables and preferred embodiments of the individual method steps, reference is made to the above statements, in particular to the comments on methods A and B.

The textile fabric according to the invention is obtainable by processing the elastomers described above into fibers and by suitable processing of these fibers into a textile fabric or by suitable introduction of these fibers into a textile fabric.

The processing of the fibers into textiles can be carried out according to customary methods. Common methods include weaving, knitting, knitting, crocheting, knotting, felting, gluing and the like.

In one embodiment, the textile fabric according to the invention is obtainable by weaving fibers according to the invention or preferably by conventional processes for the production of spacer fabrics.

The textile fabric according to the invention can be made exclusively from inventive fibers from the above-mentioned. Elastomers be constructed. However, in particular with regard to the use of the textile fabrics according to the invention in the clothing industry, it is preferred to use these fibers together with further fibers customary for clothing. It is also preferred for other uses of the textile according to the invention to use the fibers according to the invention together with further fibers different therefrom.

Fibers other than the fibers according to the invention are, for example, natural fibers, for example fibers of cotton, hemp, jute, linen, ramie, sisal, coconut, silk or animal hair, such as sheep wool, alpaca, angora, cashmere, camel hair, mohair, goat hair, cattle hair or Horsehair; or synthetic fibers, for example cellulosic fibers, such as viscose, modal, acetate or triacetate, or fibers of synthetic polymers, such as Polyester, polyamide, aramid, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane and the like. Which fiber is suitable for combination with the fiber according to the invention results from the particular application.

The textile fabric can be constructed, for example, in the form of a laminate. Such a laminate preferably contains at least three layers, wherein preferably at least one layer comprises the fibers according to the invention. Preferably, this layer is an inner layer. This at least one layer comprising the fibers of the invention may contain the fibers in woven, knitted, knitted, crocheted, knotted, felted, glued together or otherwise bonded together. In particular, if the at least one layer comprising the fibers according to the invention is an inner layer, but they can also fibers of the invention in non-bonded form, for example as a filling between two surrounding layers or in the form of fibers, with only one or Both surrounding layers, but not interconnected, are included.

The textile fabric is preferably constructed as a spacer fabric. This is a specially form of laminate in which two knitted surfaces (cover textiles) form the outer layers and contain pile threads as spacers between them. In the case of the textiles according to the invention, the pile threads are at least partially fibers according to the invention which are obtained from the elastomers according to the invention. The pile threads may be attached to one or both cover layers. The preparation may be carried out in accordance with conventional processes for the preparation of spacer fabrics, e.g. in accordance with the method described in Technical Textiles, Edition Textil, German specialist publisher, publisher: Petra Knecht, p. 353 ff, for example with a double-bar raschel machine.

The textile according to the invention can be used in all areas in which an adaptation of the thermal insulating effect of textiles to the ambient temperature is advantageous. The textile according to the invention is preferably used in the clothing industry or for the construction of tents. When used as a garment fabric, it is suitable for both casual wear, e.g. in the form of trousers, jackets, jumpers, overalls, caps, scarves, gloves and the like, as well as work clothes, e.g. for fire brigade, steel workers, cooks, bakers, construction workers, workers in cold storage and the like, suitable.

Accordingly, another subject of the invention are also items of clothing which are constructed from the fibers according to the invention or from the textile fabrics according to the invention. In other words, the subject of the invention is also a A reversible shape memory garment comprising at least one elastomer having liquid crystalline segments as defined above.

The fibers according to the invention are obtainable by spinning the elastomer used according to the invention.

Suitable spinning processes are all processes known for synthetic fibers. These include the dry spinning process, the wet spinning process, (both solution spinning processes), the gel spinning process (a special form of solution spinning), the dispersion spinning process, the melt spinning process and the electrospinning process.

In the dry spinning process, the dissolved dope is spun in warm air. As a result, the solvent escapes and the fiber becomes hard. Then stretch the fiber and wind it up.

In the wet spinning process, the polymers are dissolved and spun with spinning pumps through spinnerets in a precipitation bath. The precipitating bath contains a liquid in which the polymers in question are substantially insoluble, whereby the polymers precipitate into solid fibers. Thereafter, the fibers are stretched over a draw-off device and wound up.

In the melt-spinning process, the polymers are melted down and the melt is made into fibers by a spinning pump and spinnerets in cool drafts.

Electrospinning is the preparation of mostly very thin fibers from polymer solutions by treatment in an electric field. In this case, the polymer solution is metered at an electrode and drawn off from the electrode by the electric field and accelerated. The polymer solution is split in a complex process into small and smallest fibers and webs, which finally deposit on the counter electrode as a kind of nonwoven.

The fibers according to the invention are preferably obtainable by a solution spinning process.

In order for the fibers according to the invention to be able to develop the desired effect in the textile, they must, as already stated, have a fixed preferred orientation of the liquid-crystalline segments. This is achieved by a tensile or shear stress of the underlying elastomers or by applying electrical or magnetic fields. Thus, by shearing and / or stretching, During the spinning of the elastomer according to the invention into fibers, liquid-crystalline monodomains are obtained, which are then fixed by crystallization or solidification of the hard-segment domains during cooling of the melt (in the melt spinning process) or removal of the solvent (in the dry / wet spinning process).

A further subject of the invention is a process for producing fibers according to the invention, comprising the following steps:

(Ia) reaction of the following components in a polycondensation reaction:

(a.1) at least one compound of the formula I-H

HZ ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² -H (IH);

(A.2)

(a.2.1) at least one compound of the formula N-A

O = C = N-B-N = C = O (N-A)

and preferably also at least one compound of formula NI-H

HZ ³ -KZ ³ H (NI-H);

or

(a.2.2) at least one compound of the formula N-B

V-C (O) -U-B-U-C (O) -V (N-B)

and preferably also at least one compound of formula NI-H

HZ ³ -KZ ³ H (NI-H);

or

(l.b) reaction of the following components in a polycondensation reaction:

(a.3.1) at least one compound of the formula V-A

(V-A); oderO = C = NB-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -MHa-Y ¹ -M ¹ -YHM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² - [C (O) -NH- B-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -

(VA); or

(a.3.2) at least one compound of the formula V-B

VC (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -MHa-Y ¹ -M ¹ -YHM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² -fC (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ - _Y ² _{- {M} ³ _-Y ⁴ _{} bA} ² _-Z ² } ₂ .c (O) -UBUC (O) -V; (VB)

and

(a.4) at least one compound of the formula HI-H

HZ ³ -KZ ³ H (NI-H);

wherein

U, B, M ¹ , M ² , M ³ , A ¹ , A ² , Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , K, a and b is one of the general above or preferably have one of the preferred meanings given, z is a number from 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 10, in particular 0 to 5, for example 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

V is V is NHR ¹⁸ , OR ¹⁹ or halogen, in which R ^{18 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, R ^{19 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl,

(II) spinning the polycondensation product obtained in step (a) into a fiber; and

(III.) Orienting the liquid crystalline segments in the fiber.

With regard to suitable and preferred reactants as well as suitable and preferred reaction conditions, reference is made to the above statements.

The invention also fibers which are obtainable by the above methods.

The invention further provides a process for the production of textile fabrics according to the invention, comprising the following steps:

(Ia) reaction of the following components in a polycondensation reaction:

(a.1) at least one compound of the formula IH HZ ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} _a -Y ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² -H (IH);

(a.2) (a.2.1) at least one compound of the formula H-A

O = C = N-B-N = C = O (H-A)

and preferably also at least one compound of formula HI-H

HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (II IH);

or

(a.2.2) at least one compound of the formula H-B

V-C (O) -U-B-U-C (O) -V (M-B)

and preferably also at least one compound of the formula IH-H

HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (II IH);

or

(l.b) reaction of the following components in a polycondensation reaction:

(a.3.1) at least one compound of the formula V-A

O = C = NB-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -MHa-Y ¹ -M ¹ -YHM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² - [C (O) -NH- B-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ - Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² } zC (O) -NH- BN = C = O (VA);

or

(a.3.2) at least one compound of the formula V-B

VC (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² -t C (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ - _Y ² _{- {M} ³ _-Y ⁴ _{} bA} ² _-Z ² } ₂ .c (O) -UBUC (O) -V; (VB)

and

(a.4) at least one compound of the formula III-I-I HZ ³ -KZ ³ H (NI-H);

wherein U, B, M ¹ , M ² , M ³ , A ¹ , A ² , Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , K, a and b is one of the above have general or preferably one of the preferred meanings given, z is a number from 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 10, in particular 0 to 5, eg 0, 1,

2 or 3, and V is V is NHR ¹⁸ , OR ¹⁹ or halogen, in which R ^{18 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, R ^{19 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl,

(II) spinning the polycondensation product obtained in step (I) into a fiber;

(III.) Orienting the liquid crystalline segments in the fiber; and

(IV.) Processing the fiber obtained in step (III.) Into a textile fabric.

With regard to suitable and preferred reactants as well as suitable and preferred reaction conditions, reference is made to the above statements.

The invention also relates to textile fabrics obtainable by the above processes.

The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the elastomer used according to the invention by reacting at least one compound I-H

HZ ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ -} bA ² -Z ² -H (IH)

wherein the variables have one of the general or preferred meanings given above,

with at least one component which is selected from diisocyanates (O = C = NB-N = C = O), dicarboxylic acid (derivatives), for example dicarboxylic acids (HO-C (O) -BC (O) -OH) or dicarboxylic acid chlorides (CI -C (O) -BC (O) -CI), dicarbonic acid (derivatives), eg, dicarboxylic acids (HO-C (O) -OBOC (O) -OH) or dicarbonic acid esters (RC (O) -OBOC (O) -R ', wherein R and R' are independently C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl), diureas (NH ₂ -C (O) -NR ¹⁶ -B- NR ¹⁶ -C (O) -NH ₂ ), diurethanes ( RO C (O) -NR ¹⁶ -B-NR ¹⁶ -C (O) -OR, wherein R is Ci-C ₄ alkyl), and mixtures of at least two of these components, where the variables a preferred of the above general or Have meanings, and preferably also at least one compound of formula Hl-H

HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (Nl-H)

wherein the variables have one of the general or preferred meanings given above.

With regard to suitable and preferred reactants as well as suitable and preferred reaction conditions, reference is made to the above statements.

More specifically, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of the elastomer used according to the invention, comprising the following steps:

(Ia) reaction of the following components in a polycondensation reaction:

(a.1) at least one compound of the formula I-H

HZ ¹ -A ¹ - [Y ³ -M ² -] aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² - [M ³ -Y ⁴ -] bA ² -Z ² -H (IH);

(A.2)

(a.2.1) at least one compound of the formula N-A

O = C = N-B-N = C = O (N-A)

and preferably also at least one compound of formula NI-H

HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (NI-H);

or

(a.2.2) at least one compound of the formula N-B

V-C (O) -U-B-U-C (O) -V (N-B)

and preferably also at least one compound of formula NI-H

HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (NI-H);

or (lb) reaction of the following components in a polycondensation reaction:

(a.3.1) at least one compound of the formula V-A

O = C = NB-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -MHa-Y ¹ -M ¹ -YHM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² - [C (O) -NH- B-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -

or

(a.3.2) at least one compound of the formula V-B

VC (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² -t C (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ - γ 2 -p ³ - Y ⁴ J _t- AZ-Z ² Jz-C (O) -UBUC (O) -V; (VB)

and

(a.4) at least one compound of the formula HI-H

HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (NI-H);

wherein

U, B, M ¹ , M ² , M ³ , A ¹ , A ² , Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , K, a and b is one of the general above or preferably have one of the preferred meanings given, z is a number from 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 10, in particular 0 to 5, eg 0, 1,

2 or 3, stands, and

V is V is NHR ¹⁸ , OR ¹⁹ or halogen, in which R ^{18 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl, R ^{19 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl,

With regard to suitable and preferred meanings of the variables as well as suitable and preferred reaction conditions, reference is made to the above statements.

Another object of the invention is an elastomer as described above, and preferably an elastomer, which is obtainable by the method described above.

In the methods described above, step (I.) preferably corresponds to method A or B described above. Thus, the elastomer according to the invention is particularly obtainable by

(1.1) Implementation of the following components

- A.a) at least one mesogendiol of the formula A.a.1

Aa1 wherein q ¹ stands for 0 or 1; p ^{1 is} an integer from 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 15 and in particular

2 to 12 stands; x is 0 or 1 and preferably 1; and R ^{a is} C 1 -C 4 alkyl and especially methyl;

- A.b) optionally at least one further mesogendiol of the formula A.b.1 or A.b.2:

oder ein Gemisch davon

or a mixture thereof

A.c) optionally at least one diol selected from compounds of the formulas A.c.1, A.c.2, A.c.3, A.c.4, A.c.5:

A.c.5 und Gemischen davon, worinHOv * - / VΛΛOH

ac5 and mixtures thereof, wherein

R ^{aa is} selected from C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and C 1 -C ₄ -alkoxy and is especially methyl, tert-butyl or methoxy; and xx is 0 or 1;

A.d) at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula A.d.1:

OO χΛ _A Λ _χ Ad1

wherein

A is selected from (CR ^α R ^β ) _α ; fO- (CH 2) _ß } _γ -O- and phenylene, preferably 1, 3 or 1, 4-phenylene and in particular 1, 3-phenylene, wherein R ^α and R ^{ß are} independently H, Ci-C ₄ alkyl or phenyl; α is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 15 and especially 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; ß is 2, 3 or 4 and preferably 2; and γ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 and especially 2; and X is a leaving group and especially Cl; and

- A.e) optionally at least one further diol which is selected from compounds of the following formulas:

HC4 (CH _{2) g} -O} _ε H

HO-f (CH ₂ ) _κ -C (O) -O] _λ (CH ₂ ) _Φ -O- (CH 2) _η -fO-C (O) - (CH ₂ ) _κ ] iOH HO- (CH ₂ ) _μ - [SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O] _v -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - (CH ₂ ) _o -OH

and mixtures thereof, wherein R ¹⁰ and R ^{11 are} independently C 1 -C ₄ alkyl or aryl, preferably

Ci-C ₄ alkyl and in particular methyl; δ is 2, 3 or 4 and preferably 2; ε for a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and in particular for

2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; φ and η independently represent a number from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6, especially 2, 3 or 4 and especially 2; each K is independently a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and especially 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; each λ is independently a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6 and especially from 1 to 4; μ and o independently represent a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6 and especially from 2 to 4; and v is a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10;

or

(i.2) Implementation of the following components

B.a) at least one mesogendiolefin of the formula B.a.1 or B.a.2

Ba1

B.a.2

or a mixture of different mesogendiolefins; wherein x ¹ and x ^{2 are} independently 0 or 1 and preferably 1; each I ^{1 is} independent of an integer from 2 to 10 and preferably for 2, 3,

4, 5 or 6; each I ^{2 is} independently an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4,

5 or 6 and especially 1, 2 or 3; and R ^a1 and R ^a2 independently of one another are C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and especially methyl or tert-butyl;

- B.b) at least one Sil (ox) on the formula B.b

H-Si (CH ₂ ) ₂ - [O-Si (CH ₂ ) ₂ J ₁ IH Bb

wherein i ^{1 is} O or an integer from 1 to 50, preferably an integer from 1 to 20 and especially from 2 to 15; and

(B.c.1 ) oder CH₂=CH-O-(CH₂)_gi-OH (B.c.2)Bc) at least one olefinically unsaturated alcohol of the formula

(Bc1) or CH ₂ = CH-O- (CH _{2) g} i-OH (Bc2)

wherein f is 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1 or 2 and especially 1; and g ^{1 is} an integer from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6;

and

(ii) reacting the product obtained in step (i.1) or (i.2) with a diisocyanate O = C = NBN = C = O and a diol of the formula HO-K-OH, where B and K are a has the general or preferably one of the preferred meanings given above.

With regard to preferred meanings of the variables and the implementation of steps (i) and (ii), reference is made to the above statements. With regard to the implementation of steps (i.1) and (i.2), reference is made in particular to the comments on method variants A and B described above.

The invention is described in more detail by the following, nonlimiting examples.

I. Preparation of the starting compounds

A) Preparation of diacid dichlorides A.d.1 (X-C (O) -A-C (O) -X; X = Cl)

The diacid dichlorides D, L-phenylsuccinic acid dichloride and 2,2-Dimethylglutarsäure- were prepared according to common methods for the conversion of dicarboxylic acids in the respective diacid dichlorides with SOCl ₂ as a reagent. Commercially available diacid dichlorides were purified before use by distillation or recrystallization.

B) Preparation of mesogendiols A.a.1 and A.b.1, respectively

entsprechend einer Verbindung der Formeln A.a.1-a, A.a.1-b und A.b.1 erfolgte gemäß den in DE10016524 A1 (A.a.1-a, A.b.1 ) bzw. DE19716822 A1 (A.a.1-b) beschriebenen Verfahren.The production of mesogendiols

corresponding to a compound of the formulas Aa1-a, Aa1-b and Ab1 was carried out according to the process described in DE10016524 A1 (Aa1-a, Ab1) or DE19716822 A1 (Aa1-b).

C) Preparation of hydroxyalkyl-modified mesogens

Ca) General working instructions

C.a) .1 Introducing a protecting group on the hydroxyl function of haloalkanols

The corresponding haloalkanol and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate were dissolved in dichloromethane at room temperature. At room temperature or at 0 ^° C., 3,4-

Dihydro-2H-pyran added dropwise and the reaction solution then stirred for 15-21 h.

After extraction of the organic phase with water and extraction of the combined

Water phases with dichloromethane, the combined organic phases were filtered through a ca. 2 cm thick silica gel layer and the solvent removed in vacuo. The product obtained was reacted further without further purification.

Ca) .2 Reaction of the hydroxy-protected haloalkanol with mesogendiol A.a.1-a

In an inert gas atmosphere Aa1-a, potassium carbonate and potassium iodide were suspended at 65 ⁰ C in DMSO. The reaction mixture was treated within about 1 min with a solution of hydroxy-protected haloalkanol in DMSO and then stirred at 65 ⁰ C. After cooling the reaction mixture, dichloromethane was added and extracted with water. The combined water phases were counter-extracted with dichloromethane and the solvent of the combined organic phases was largely removed in vacuo. The desired product was isolated by reprecipitation or recrystallization. Cb) Connections made according to the general procedure

C.1 1-Bromo-1 1- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) undecane

Approach:

.21, 7 g (1.68 mol) of 1 1-bromoundecan-1-ol

63.3 g (0.25 mol) of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate

211.8 g (2.52 mol) 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran 3 L dichloromethane addition of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran at room temperature, extraction three times with a total of 4 L water, extraction of the aqueous phases with 1 L dichloromethane Yield: 562.5 g (> 99% of theory) as a yellowish oil Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 4.57 (m, 1 H, OCHO), 3.90-3, 32 (m, 6H, OCH ₂ , CH ₂ Br), 1, 95-1, 20 (m, 24H ₁ CH ₂ ).

C.2 1 -chloro-6- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) hexane

Approach: 150.0 g (1, 10 mol) of 6-chlorohexan-1-ol

27.6 g (0.1 1 mol) of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate

138.0 g (1.64 mol) of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran

1, 5 L dichloromethane

Addition of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran at room temperature, extraction three times with a total of 3 L of water, extraction of the aqueous phases with 0.5 L dichloromethane

Yield: 246.8 g (> 99% of theory) as a pale yellowish oil

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 4.58 (m, 1 H, OCHO), 3.94-3.32 (m, 6H, OCH ₂ , CH ₂ Cl),

1, 94-1, 30 (m, 14H ₁ CH ₂ ).

C.3 1 -bromo-2- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) ethane

Approach:

50.4 g (0.40 mol) of 2-bromoethane-1-ol 27.6 g (0.04 mol) of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate 50.6 g (0.60 mol) of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran 300 ml of dichloromethane Addition of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran dissolved in 50 ml of dichloromethane at 0 ⁰ C, extracting three times with a total of 450 ml of water, extraction of the aqueous phase with 150 mL dichloromethane

Yield: 84.0 g (> 99% of theory) as a yellowish oil Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 4.64 (m, 1 H, OCHO), 4.05-3.40 (m, 6H, OCH ₂ , CH ₂ Br), 1, 95-1 , 40 (m, 6H ₁ CH ₂ ).

C.4 2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) undecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

Approach:

22.9 g (63 mmol) A.a.1-a

34.8 g (252 mmol) of potassium carbonate

0.6 g (4 mmol) potassium iodide 52.8 g (157 mmol) 1-bromo-11- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) undecane

0.6 L DMSO

Add 1-bromo-11- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) undecane dissolved in 50 ml DMSO

Reaction time: 18.5 h

0.75 L dichloromethane extraction three times with a total of 2.25 L water, extraction of the aqueous phases with 0.75 L dichloromethane

Dropped from 3.5 L of methanol

Yield: 51.9 g (94% of theory) as a white, pulverulent solid

Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1 H, ArH),

7.09 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.99 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.58 (m, 2H, OCHO), 4.05 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ),

3.93-3.32 (m, 8H, alkylOCH ₂ ), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 92-1, 22 (m, 48H, CH ₂ ).

C. 5 2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (6- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) hexyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

Approach:

103.7 g (0.28 mol) A.a.1-a

157.3 g (1, 14 mol) of potassium carbonate

2.9 g (0.02 mol) of potassium iodide 157.3 g (0.71 mol) of 1-chloro-6- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) hexane

2.8 L DMSO

Addition of 1-chloro-6- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) hexane, dissolved in 0.4 L DMSO. Reaction time: 72 h 3.5 L dichloromethane three times extraction with a total of 6 L water, extraction of the aqueous phases with 2 L dichloromethane twice recrystallization from 1.5 L or 0.5 L isopropanol yield: 191.1 g (92% of theory) as white brownish solid Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1 H, ArH) .

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.59 (m, 2H, OCHO), 4.05 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3.94-3, 36 (m, 8H, alkylOCH ₂ ), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 94-1, 39 (m, 28H, CH ₂ ).

C.6 2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) ethyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

Approach:

55.1 g (0.15 mol) of A.a.1-a 83.0 g (0.60 mol) of potassium carbonate

1.6 g (0.01 mol) of potassium iodide

94.1 g (0.45 mol) of 1-bromo-2- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) ethane

1, 4 L DMSO

Addition of 1-bromo-2- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) ethane, dissolved in 0.2 L DMSO reaction time: 68 h

2 L dichloromethane three times extraction with a total of 6 L of water, extraction of the aqueous phases with

1 L dichloromethane

Recrystallization from 1.4 L isopropanol Yield: 65.7 g (70% of theory) as a brownish-white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1 H, ArH),

7.09 (dd, 1H, ArH), 7.03 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.73 (m, 2H, OCHO), 4.25 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 4.15-3, 50 (m, 8H, alkylOCH ₂ ), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 94-1, 47 (m, 12H, CH ₂ ).

Cc) Connections made according to individual working instructions

C.7 2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

50.0 g (57 mmol) of methyl 1,4-bis [4- (1- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) undecyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone were dissolved in 620 ml of chloroform at room temperature, the reaction solution was washed with 620 ml of Methanol and 23.9 g (126 mmol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate were added with vigorous stirring. After 40 min 800 ml of chloroform were added to the now white cloudy suspension. The after heating to 50-60 ⁰ C again largely homogeneous reaction mixture was extracted once with 1 L and further twice with 500 ml of water, the combined water phases were counter-extracted once with 500 ml_ chloroform. The combined organic phases were concentrated on a rotary evaporator until the onset of turbidity of the solution and the product was precipitated from 2.8 L petroleum ether. The resulting precipitate was filtered off, washed with 400 ml of petroleum ether and dried in vacuo. Yield: 37.7 g (93% of theory) as a white solid Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7, 09 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.99 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.05 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3.64 (t, 4H, CH ₂ OH), 2.24 ( s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 82 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 64-1, 22 (m, 32H, CH ₂ ). DSC: k 1 15 Ic 136 i.

C.8 2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

100.1 g (137 mmol) of methyl 1,4-bis [4- (6- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) hexyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone were dissolved in 1 L of chloroform at room temperature, the reaction solution was dissolved 1 mole of ethanol and 1.04.4 g (549 mmol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate were added with vigorous stirring. The reaction solution which was still clear after 2 h was extracted with water (3 × 500 ml), the combined aqueous phases were washed with chloroform (1 × 750 ml) and most of the solvent of the combined organic phases was removed by distillation. At room temperature, a white solid precipitated from the reaction mixture in several portions, which was filtered off, washed with petroleum ether and dried in vacuo. Yield: 38.8 g (50% of theory) as a white solid Characterization: 1 H-NMR (DMSO): δ / ppm = 8.10 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.27 (m, 2H, ArH ), 7.14 (m, 5H, ArH), 4.35 (t, 2H, CH ₂ OH), 4.09 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3.41 (q, 4H, CH ₂ OH) , 2.17 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1.75 (m, 4H ₁ CH ₂ ), 1, 51-1, 28 (m, 12H ₁ CH ₂ ). DSC: k 102 Ic 186 i.

C.9 2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

65.7 g (106 mmol) of methyl 1, 4-bis [4- (2- (tetrahydro-2-pyranyloxy) ethyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone were dissolved at room temperature in 660 ml of chloroform, the reaction solution was washed with 620 ml of methanol and 60.5 g (126 mmol) of p-toluene sulphate are added. Fonsäuremonohydrat were added with vigorous stirring. After 2 h, the now white, turbid suspension was admixed with 1.6 l of water, the precipitate which separated out was filtered off, washed with methanol and dried in vacuo. Yield: 44.6 g (93% of theory) as a white solid Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (DMSO): δ / ppm = 8.11 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.28 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.16 (m, 5H, ArH), 4.94 (t , 2H, CH ₂ OH), 4,12 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3,77 (q, 4H, CH ₂ OH), 2,17 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ). DSC: k 195 Ic 237 i.

D) Preparation of vinyl-modified mesogens

D.a) Reaction of mesogendiols with vinyl compounds

D.a) .1 Reaction with vinyl halides

2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (allyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

In an inert gas atmosphere 65.6 g (180 mmol) of Aa1-a, potassium carbonate and potassium iodide were suspended at 65 ⁰ C in 1, 7 L DMSO. The reaction mixture was rapidly added dropwise 54.3 g (449 mmol) of allyl bromide. After 5 h of stirring at 65 ⁰ C, the reaction mixture was diluted with 1 L of water and 1 L of chloroform. The water phase was separated in a separating funnel and the organic phase extracted with water (2 × 1, 8 L). The combined aqueous phases were washed with 1, 8 L chloroform and the solvent of the combined organic phases removed by distillation. The crude product was purified by repeated recrystallization from isopropanol / ethyl acetate 7: 3. Yield: 41.9 g (52% of theory) as a white solid Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.18 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.20 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.15 (d, 1H, ArH), 7, 10 (dd, 1H, ArH), 7.02 (m, 4H, ArH), 6.09 (m, 2H, vinyl-CH), 5.46 (m, 2H, vinyl-CH ₂ ), 5, 35 (m, 2H, vinyl-CH ₂ ), 4.65 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 2.26 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ).

D.a) .2 Reaction with vinylalkanols

D.a) .2.1 General working instructions

In an inert gas atmosphere, the corresponding mesogendiol and triphenylphosphine were suspended in THF at room temperature. After nitrogen was passed through the reaction mixture for 15 min, 4-vinyloxybutan-1-ol was first added and then added dropwise within 10 min Diisopropylazo-1, 2-dicarboxylate. The reaction solution which was clarified by heating was stirred at room temperature and poured into petroleum ether / ethyl acetate 5: 1 after completion of the reaction. The resulting white precipitate was filtered off, the filtrate was freed from the solvent under reduced pressure, and the remaining crude product was purified by reprecipitation or recrystallization.

D.b) Compounds prepared according to the general procedure

D.1 2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4 - ((4-vinyloxy) butyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

Approach:

66.1 g (181 mmol) A.a.1-a

103.8 g (396 mmol) of triphenylphosphine 43.2 g (372 mmol) of 4-vinyloxybutan-1-ol

80.0 g (396 mmol) of diisopropylazo-1,2-dicarboxylate

80 mL of THF

Reaction time: 5 h

3.5 L petroleum ether / ethyl acetate 5: 1 recrystallization from 140 mL isopropanol / ethyl acetate 1: 1

Yield: 58.3 g (57% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.20 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1H, ArH),

7.10 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.99 (m, 4H, ArH), 6.51 (dd, 2H, vinyl CH), 4.21 (dd, 2H, vinyl CH ₂ ), 4.10 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 4.02 (dd, 2H, vinyl-CH ₂ ), 3.78 (t, 4H, vinyl-OCH ₂ ), 2.25

(s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 2.03-1, 82 (m, 8H, CH ₂ ).

D.2 2-Fe / t-butyl-1,4-bis [4 - ((4-vinyloxy) butyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

Approach:

5.3 g (13 mmol) A.a.1-b

7.4 g (28 mmol) of triphenylphosphine 3.1 g (27 mmol) of 4-vinyloxybutan-1-ol

5.7 g (28 mmol) of diisopropylazo-1,2-dicarboxylate 6O mL of THF

Reaction time: 4.5 h

550 mL of petroleum ether / ethyl acetate 5: 1

Twice reprecipitation from isopropanol Yield: 5.2 g (66% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.18 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.25 (m, 1H, ArH), 7.13 (m, 2H, ArH),

7.00 (m, 4H, ArH), 6.51 (dd, 2H, vinyl-CH), 4.21 (dd, 2H, vinyl-CH ₂ ), 4.1 1 (m, 4H, A-rOCH ₂ ) , 4.02 (dd, 2H, vinyl-CH ₂ ), 3.78 (t, 4H, vinyl-OCH ₂ ), 2.02-1, 82 (m, 8H, CH ₂ ),

1, 38 (s, 9H ₁ ArC (CHs) ₃ ).

D.c) Reaction of hydroquinones with Alkenylbenzoylchloriden

D.c) .1 General working instructions

The corresponding hydroquinone derivative was dissolved in THF in an inert gas atmosphere and triethylamine was added. The solution was cooled with stirring to 0-5 ⁰ C unddase nts p rec he hands 4-Alkenylbenzoylchlorid (the preparation of 4- Alkenylbenzoylchloriden carried out according to methods known from the literature, for BA Sellinger et al J. Polym Be Part A:.... Polym Chem. 1994, 32, 3069-3089.) Was added dropwise to the reaction solution within 30 min. After completion of the acid chloride addition, the reaction mixture was allowed to come to room temperature with stirring and then stirred at 50 ^° C. After removal of the solvent in vacuo, the residue was taken up in dichloromethane and extracted successively with 10% HCl, 10% NaOH and water. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, the solvent was removed by distillation and the crude product was purified by recrystallization.

D.d) Compounds prepared according to the general procedure

D.3 2-Fe / t-butyl-1,4-bis [4- (allyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

Approach:

6.1 g (37 mmol) of Fe / t-butylhydroquinone 14.6 g (74 mmol) of 4-allyloxybenzoyl chloride

16 mL (115 mmol) triethylamine 3O mL THF reaction time: 44 h

Recrystallization from 36 mL of ethanol / chloroform 1: 1 Yield: 15.9 g (90% of theory) as a white solid Characterization: ¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.19 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.26 (m, 1H, ArH), 7.14 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.03 (m, 4H, ArH), 6.09 (m, 2H, vinyl CH), 5.47 (m, 2H, vinyl CH ₂ ), 5.36 (m, 2H, vinyl CH ₂ ), 4 , 65 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 1, 39 (s, 9H, ArC (CHs) ₃ ). DSC: k 1 12 Ic 126 i.

D.4 2-Fe / t-butyl-1,4-bis [4- (3-butenyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

Approach:

3.9 g (23 mmol) of Fe / t-butylhydroquinone 9.9 g (47 mmol) of 4- (3-butenyloxy) benzoyl chloride 1 1 ml (79 mmol) of triethylamine 2O ml of THF reaction time: 20 h recrystallization from 48 ml of ethanol / Chloroform 3: 1 Yield: 9.0 g (75% of theory) as a white solid Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.18 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.26 (m, 1H, ArH), 7.14 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.01 (m, 4H, ArH), 5.93 (m, 2H, vinyl CH), 5.21 (m, 2H, vinyl CH ₂ ), 5.16 (m, 2H, vinyl CH ₂ ), 4 , 13 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 2.60 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1.38 (s, 9H, ArC (CHs) ₃ ).

II. Preparation of Endgroup-Functional, Mesogen-Containing Soft Segments (Compounds I-H)

Shortened below are the soft-segment starting materials (corresponding to I-H) as soft segments.

A) Polyester-based soft segments with mesogen diols

1. General working instructions

The corresponding Mesogendiol was dissolved under inert gas in tetrahydrofuran or chloroform at 60 ⁰ C or suspended. After cooling to 50 ⁰ C, under inert gas, pyridine and the corresponding diacid dichloride, or mixtures of diacid dichlorides and metered at 50 ⁰ C 19-22 h with exclusion of moisture stirred. The reaction solutions were diluted or poured undiluted in acetone or methanol, the precipitate formed is filtered off, washed with methanol and dried at 50 ⁰ C in a vacuum. 2. Soft segments produced according to general working instructions

LC soft segment 1: reaction of A.a.1-a and succinic acid dichloride

Approach: 4.702 g (12.90 mmol) A.a.1-a

2.002 g (12.92 mmol) of succinic acid dichloride

2.2 ml of pyridine

109 ml of tetrahydrofuran

Cases from 500 ml_ acetone Yield: 4.6 g (80% of theory) as a brown-violet, pulverulent solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (DMSO): δ / ppm = 10.45 (s, 0.8H, ArOH), 8.25 (m, 4H, ArH), 8.02 (m, 1, 8H,

ArH), 7.42 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.35-7.14 (m, 4.9H, ArH), 6.95 (m, 1, 8H, ArH), 3.08 (m, 4H,

CH ₂ COO), 2.19 (m, 4.7H, ArCH ₃ ). ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.1 1 dL / g.

DSC: k 270 Ic.

Polarization microscopy: k 264 n.

LC soft segment 2: Reaction of A.a.1-a and adipic acid dichloride

13.123 g (36.02 mmol) A.a.1-a

5.118 g (27.96 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride

6.1 ml of pyridine

324 ml of tetrahydrofuran cases from 3 L MeOH

Yield: 13.6 g (84% of theory) as a white, pulverulent solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (DMSO): δ / ppm = 10.08 (s, 0.27H, ArOH), 8.22 (m, 4H, ArH), 8.02 (m,

0.93H, ArH), 7.40 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.34-7.14 (m, 3.7H, ArH), 6.96 (m, 0.93H, ArH), 2, 74 (m, 4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.23 (m, 3.8H, ArCH ₃ ), 1.88 (m, 4H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO). ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.17 dL / g.

DSC: k130-191 Ic.

Polarization microscopy: k 178 n.

LC soft segment 3: Reaction of Aa1-a, glutaric acid dichloride and dodecanoic acid dichloride Preparation: 2.551 g (7.00 mmol) Aa1-a 0.845 g (5.00 mmol) glutaric acid dichloride 0.480 g (1.80 mmol) dodecanoic acid dichloride 1, 2 ml pyridine 34 ml chloroform dilute with 25 ml chloroform, cases from 750 ml MeOH yield 2.7 g (80% of theory). ) as a white, fibrous solid Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.27 (m, 4H, ArH), 8.09 (m, 0.13H, ArH), 7.35-7.10 (m, 7H, ArH) , 6.83 (m, 0.14H, ArH), 2.82 (m, 2.6H, CH ₂ COO), 2.61 (m, 1H, CH ₂ COO), 2.26 (m, 4, 3H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 79 (m, 1 H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO), 1, 36 (m, 3H, CH ₂ ). ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.18 dL / g. DSC: g 61 k 175-200 Ic.

B) Polyester or polycarbonate-based soft segments with hydroxyalkyl-modified mesogens

1. General working instructions

The corresponding hydroxyalkyl-modified mesogen was dissolved under inert gas in chloroform at 60 ⁰ C or suspended. After cooling to 50 ⁰ C, under inert gas, pyridine and the corresponding diacid dichloride or bischloroformate or mixtures of diacid dichlorides and / or bischloroformates added and at 50 ⁰ C 15-25 h with exclusion of moisture stirred. The reaction solutions were diluted or undiluted poured into methanol, and the precipitate formed was riert abfilt-, washed with methanol and dried at 50 ⁰ C in vacuo.

2. Soft segments produced according to general working instructions

2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me) as mesogen

LC soft segment 4: reaction of 1 1-Me and adipic acid dichloride

Approach:

3.525 g (5.00 mmol) of 1: 1 Me

0.870 g (4.75 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride 0.9 ml of pyridine

30 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 40 ml of chloroform, cases of 500 ml of MeOH

Yield: 3.9 g (96% of theory) as a white solid Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.15 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.05 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.63 (t, 0.15H,

CH ₂ OH), 2.32 (m, 4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 82 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 75-1, 55 ( m, 8H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ), 1, 53-1, 20 (m, 28H, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 27,000 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.59. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.49 dL / g.

DSC: k 97 Ic 133 i.

Polarization microscopy: k 97 n 137 i

LC soft segment 5: Reaction of 11-Me, adipic acid dichloride and glutaric acid dichloride

Approach:

7.050 g (10.00 mmol) of 1 1-Me 0.864 g (4.72 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride

0.800 g (4.73 mmol) of glutaric acid dichloride

2.4 ml of pyridine

51 ml of chloroform

Dilution with 30 ml of chloroform, cases of 700 ml of MeOH. Yield: 7.7 g (96% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.15 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.06 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.64 (t, 0.21H,

CH ₂ OH), 2.35 (m, 4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 95 (quin, 1H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO), 1, 82 ( m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 63 (m, 6H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ), 1, 55-1, 20 (m, 28H, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 19,400 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.12. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.57 dl / g.

DSC: k 80 Ic 137 i.

LC soft segment 6: reaction of 11-Me and dodecanoic dichloride

Approach:

3.525 g (5.00 mmol) of 1: 1 Me

1.268 g (4.75 mmol) of dodecanoic acid dichloride

0.9 mL pyridine 32 mL chloroform

Dilute with 45 mL chloroform, cases from 600 mL MeOH

Yield: 4.4 g (99% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization: ¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7, 08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.05 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.64 (t, 0.1 l H, CH ₂ OH), 2.29 (t, 4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 82 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 70-1, 20 (m, 48H, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 37,500 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.44. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.73 dl / g. DSC: k 96 Ic 121 i.

LC soft segment 7: reaction of 1 l-Me, dodecanoic acid dichloride and diethylene glycol bischloroformate

Approach:

4.936 g (7.00 mmol) of 1: 1 Me

1.172 g (4.39 mmol) of dodecanoic acid dichloride

0.507 g (2.19 mmol) of diethylene glycol bischloroformate 1.3 ml of pyridine

41 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 35 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 6.0 g (98% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.15 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1 H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.28 (m, 1, 3H, OCOOCH ₂ ), 4.13 (t, 1, 3H,

COOCH ₂ ), 4.05 (m, 6.6H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.73 (m, 1, 3H, OCOOCH ₂ CH ₂ O), 3.64

(t, 0.17H, CH ₂ OH), 2.28 (t, 2.6H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 82 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ) .

1, 70-1, 20 (m, 42H ₁ CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 28,400 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.30. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.63 dl / g.

DSC: k 87 Ic 12O i.

LC Soft Segment 8: Reaction of 1 l-Me and diethylene glycol bischloroformate.

3.524 g (5.00 mmol) of 1: 1 Me

1.098 g (4.75 mmol) of diethylene glycol bischloroformate

0.9 mL of pyridine

Dilute 30 mL chloroform with 45 mL chloroform, precipitate out 500 mL MeOH

Yield: 3.8 g (89% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization: ¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7, 08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.29 (m, 4H, OCOOCH ₂ ), 4.14 (t, 4H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.04 (t , 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3.74 (m, 4H, OCOOCH ₂ CH ₂ O), 3.63 (t, 0.24H, CH ₂ OH), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1 , 82 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 67 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 55-1, 20 (m, 28H, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 27,200 g / mol; MJM _n = 1, 89. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.40 dl / g. DSC: k 106 Ic 1 19 i.

LC soft segment 9: reaction of 1 1-Me and isophthaloyl dichloride

3.526 g (5.00 mmol) of 1: 1 Me

0.965 g (4.75 mmol) of isophthaloyl dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine

Dilute 27 ml of chloroform with 45 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 4.0 g (97% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.70 (m, 1H, ArH), 8.24 (dd, 2H, ArH), 8.15 (m, 4H, ArH),

7.54 (t, 1H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6, 98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.35 (m, 4H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.04 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3.65 (t, 0.13H, CH ₂ OH), 2, 24 (s,

3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 80 (m, 8H, CH ₂ ), 1, 55-1, 25 (m, 28H, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 24,500 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.28. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.65 dl / g.

DSC: k 91 Ic 154 i.

LC soft segment 10: reaction of 11-Me and D, L-phenylsuccinic acid dichloride

Approach:

3.525 g (5.00 mmol) of 1: 1 Me

1.122 g (4.85 mmol) of D, L-phenylsuccinic acid 0.9 mL of pyridine

29 mL chloroform

Dilute with 20 mL chloroform, cases from 600 mL MeOH

Yield: 4.3 g (> 99% of theory) as a reddish brown solid

Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.36-7.25 (m, 5H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1 H,

ArH), 7.13 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.09 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.99 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.15-4.00 (m, 8H, A-rOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ , PhCH), 3.65 (t, 0.25H, CH ₂ OH), 3.21 (dd, 1H, PhCHCH ₂ ), 2.68 (dd,

1 H, PhCHCH ₂ ), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 83 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 65-1, 15 (m, 32H, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 20,300 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.16. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.43 dL / g. DSC: k 78 Ic 110 i.

LC soft segment 11: reaction of 11-Me and 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid dichloride

Approach:

3.524 g (5.00 mmol) of 1: 1 Me

0.957 g (4.86 mmol) of 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid dichloride

0.9 ml pyridine 29 ml chloroform

Dilute with 15 ml of chloroform, cases of 500 ml of MeOH

Yield: 3.2 g (77% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.15 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7, 08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.05 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.64 (t, 0.17H,

CH ₂ OH), 2.31-2.24 (m, 5H, CH ₂ COO, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 90-1, 77 (m, 6H, CH ₂ C (CH ₂ ) ₂ , CH ₂ ),

1, 65-1, 25 (m, 32H, CH _2), 1, 18 (s, 6H, C (CHs) _2).

GPC (THF): M _n = 21,300 g / mol; MJM _n = 1, 95. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.35 dL / g. DSC: k 102 Ic 1 18 i.

2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (6-Me) as mesogen

LC soft segment 12: reaction of 6-Me and glutaric acid dichloride

2.824 g (5.00 mmol) 6-Me

0.818 g (4.84 mmol) of glutaric acid dichloride

0.9 mL of pyridine

Dilute 24 mL chloroform with 10 mL chloroform, cases from 450 mL MeOH

Yield: 3.1 g (94% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.15 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.08 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.67 (t, 0.09H, CH ₂ OH), 2.38 (t, 4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 96 (quin, 2H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO),

1, 84 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 68 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 60-1, 40 (m, 8H, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 30,600 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.19. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.40 dl / g. DSC: k 165 Ic 183 i.

LC soft segment 13: reaction of 6-Me and adipic acid dichloride

Approach: 2.822 g (5.00 mmol) 6-Me

0.885 g (4.84 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine

24 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 20 ml of chloroform, cases of 450 ml of MeOH. Yield: 3.1 g (93% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.14 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.17 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.11 (d, 1 H, ArH),

7.07 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.97 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.06 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.32 (m, 4H,

CH ₂ COO), 2.22 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 90-1, 35 (m, 2OH, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 44,200 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.10. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.85 dl / g.

DSC: k 129 Ic 164 i.

LC Soft Segment 14: Reaction of 6-Me and Isophthaloyl Dichloride Approach:

2,822 g (5.00 mmol) 6-Me

0.985 g (4.85 mmol) of isophthaloyl dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine

Dilute 29 ml of chloroform with 2 ml of chloroform, cases of 400 ml of MeOH

Yield: 3.3 g (96% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.71 (m, 1H, ArH), 8.24 (dd, 2H, ArH), 8.15 (m, 4H, ArH),

7.54 (t, 1H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6, 97 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.38 (m, 4H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.06 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1.86 (m , 8H,

CH ₂ ), 1, 57 (m, 8H ₁ CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 45,800 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.92. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.46 dl / g.

DSC: g 34 Ic 201 i.

LC soft segment 15: reaction of 6-Me and D, L-phenylsuccinic acid dichloride

Approach:

2.823 g (5.00 mmol) 6-Me 1.117 g (4.83 mmol) of D, L-phenylsuccinic acid 0.9 ml of pyridine 25 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 2 ml of chloroform, cases of 400 ml of MeOH. Yield: 3.0 g (84% of theory) as a reddish brown solid.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.36-7.25 (m, 5H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1 H, ArH) , 7.13 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.15-3.95 (m, 8H, A-). rOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ , PhCH), 3.68 (t, 0.19H, CH ₂ OH), 3.22 (dd, 1H, PhCHCH ₂ ), 2.69 (dd, 1H, PhCHCH ₂ ), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 90-1, 23 (m, 16H, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 17,400 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.15. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.38 dL / g. DSC: k 121 Ic 134 i.

2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (2-Me) as mesogen

LC soft segment 16: reaction of 2-Me and glutaric acid dichloride

Approach:

1.132 g (2.50 mmol) 2-Me 0.41 g (2.43 mmol) glutaric acid dichloride

0.4 ml of pyridine

1 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 15 ml of chloroform, cases of 500 ml of MeOH

Yield: 1.0 g (73% of theory) as a pink-white solid.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1 H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 7.00 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.48 (m, 4H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.26 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ),

4.18 (t, 0.2H, CH ₂ CH ₂ OH), 4.01 (t, 0.2H, CH ₂ OH), 2.46 (t, 4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.23 (s , 3H,

ArCH ₃ ), 2.00 (quin, 2H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO). GPC (THF): M _n = 8,800 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.46. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.39 dL / g.

DSC: g 42 Ic 163 i.

LC soft segment 17: reaction of 2-Me and adipic acid dichloride.

2.264 g (5.00 mmol) 2-Me

0.888 g (4.85 mmol) adipic acid dichloride

0.9 mL of pyridine 22 ml of chloroform

Dilution with 10 ml of chloroform, cases of 300 ml of MeOH. Yield: 2.6 g (93% of theory) as a white solid Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 7.01 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.47 (m, 4H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.26 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 4.18 (t, 0.2H, CH ₂ CH ₂ OH), 4.02 (t, 0.2H , CH ₂ OH), 2.40 (m, 4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.23 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1.70 (m, 4H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO). GPC (THF): M _n = 13,400 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.30. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.46 dl / g. DSC: g 40 Ic 172 i.

LC soft segment 18: reaction of 2-Me and isophthaloyl dichloride

Approach: 2.038 g (4.50 mmol) 2-Me

0.888 g (4.37 mmol) of isophthaloyl dichloride

0.8 ml of pyridine

21 ml of chloroform

Dilution with 40 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH. Yield: 2.4 g (92% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.74 (m, 1H, ArH), 8.28 (dd, 2H, ArH), 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH),

7.56 (t, 1H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 7, 04 (m, 4H,

ArH), 4.76 (m, 4H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.42 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 4.18 (m, 0.08H, CH ₂ CH ₂ OH), 4.02 (m, 0.08H, CH ₂ OH), 2.23 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 24,700 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.09. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.62 dl / g.

DSC: g 89 Ic 174 i.

C) polyester or polycarbonate-based soft segments with mesogen mixtures and / or with the addition of monomeric or oligomeric diols

1. General working instructions

The corresponding hydroxyalkyl-modified mesogen or a mixture of different mesogens or a mixture of the mesogen and an alternative the diol component was dissolved under inert gas in chloroform at 60 ⁰ C or suspended. After cooling to 50 ⁰ C the corresponding Disäu- were under inert gas and pyridine redichloride or bischloroformate and stirred at 50 ⁰ C for 15-25 h with exclusion of moisture. The reaction solutions were diluted or poured undiluted into methanol, the precipitate formed was filtered off, washed with methanol and dried at 50 ⁰ C in a vacuum.

2. Soft segments produced according to general working instructions

2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me) as mesogen

LC soft segment 19a / b / c: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- hydroxybenzoyl] hydroquinone (0-Me) and glutaric acid dichloride

19a) n (1 1-Me): n (0-Me) = 4: 1

Approach: 5.643 g (8.01 mmol) of 1 1-Me

0.727 g (2.00 mmol) 0-Me

1.623 g (9.60 mmol) of glutaric acid dichloride

1.8 ml of pyridine

Dilute 47 m L of chloroform with 80 ml of chloroform, cases of 1200 ml of MeOH

Yield: 7.1 g (97% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.25 (m, 1 H, ArH _0- Me), 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.25 (m, 1 H,

ArH _0- Me), 7.23-7.05 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me, ArH _0- Me), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 4.07 (m, 8H, A rOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.87-2.32 (m, 5H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 4H, Am-MeCH ₃ , Ar _0- MeCH ₃ ),

From 2.16 to 1, 90 (m, 2.5H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO), 1, 82 (m, 4H, CH _2), 1, 62 (m, 4H, CH _2), 1, 55-1 , 20 (m,

28H, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 53,200 g / mol; MJM _n = 1, 80. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.50 dl / g. DSC: k 89 Ic 156 i.

19b} n (1 1-Me): n (0-Me) = 1: 1

3.525 g (5.00 mmol) of 1 1-Me 1.826 g (5.01 mmol) of 0 Me

1, 621 g (9.59 mmol) glutaric acid dichloride 1, 8 ml_ pyridine 42 ml_ chloroform Dilution with 100 ml of chloroform, cases of 1200 ml of MeOH. Yield: 4.9 g (78% of theory) as a white solid Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.27 (m, 4H, ArH _0- Me), 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.28 (m, 4H, ArH _{0 -} Me), 7.23 to 7.05 (m, 6H, ArHn-Me, ArH _0- Me), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 4.07 (m, 8H, A- ROCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.90-2.30 (m, 8H, CH ₂ COO), 2.25-1, 89 (m, 1 OH, Ar 1 _-M eCH ₃ , Ar ₀ -MeCH ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₂ COO), 1, 82 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 62 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 55-1, 20 (m, 28H, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 32,900 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.44. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.26 dL / g. DSC: k 83 Ic 160-20O i.

19c} n (11-Me): n (0-Me) = 1: 4

Approach:

1.408 g (2.00 mmol) 1 L-Me 2.914 g (8.00 mmol) O-Me

1.664 g (9.61 mmol) of glutaric acid dichloride

1.8 ml of pyridine

47 ml of chloroform

Dilution with 100 ml of chloroform, cases of 1200 ml of MeOH. Yield: 4.9 g (93% of theory) of a reddish-white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.27 (m, 4H, ArH _0- Me), 8.16 (m, 1 H, ArHn-Me), 7.29 (m, 4H,

ArH _0- Me), 7.23-7.05 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me, ArH _0- Me), 6.99 (m, 1H, ArHn-Me), 4.08 (m, 2H, A-rOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.90-2.30 (m, 5H, CH ₂ COO), 2.26-1, 89 (m, 6.5H, Am-MeCHb, Ar _0- MeCH ₃ , CH ₂ CH ₂ COO), 1, 82 (m, 1 H, CH ₂ ), 1, 63 (m, 1 H, CH ₂ ), 1, 55-1, 20 (m, 7H, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 30,600 g / mol; MJM _n = 1, 85. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.19 dL / g.

DSC: k 205-230 lc.

LC soft segment 20a / b: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4-hydroxybenzoyl] hydroquinone (O-Me) and diethylene glycol bischloroformate

20a) n (11-Me): n (O-Me) = 4: 1

Approach: 5.641 g (8.00 mmol) of 1 1-Me

0.729 g (2.00 mmol) 0-Me

2.213 g (9.58 mmol) of diethylene glycol bischloroformate

1.7 ml of pyridine 47 ml of chloroform

Dilution with 40 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH. Yield: 7.7 g (98% of theory) as a white solid Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.26 (m, 1H , ArH _0- Me), 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.37 (m, 1H, ArH _0- Me), 7.24-7.05 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me , ArH _0- Me), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 4.55-4.27 (m, 5H, OCOOCH ₂ ), 4.13 (t, 4H, COOCH ₂ ), 4, 04 (t, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3.92-3.70 (m, 5H, O-COOCH ₂ CH ₂ O), 3.65 (t, 0.15H, CH ₂ OH), 2.24 (s , 4H, Am-MeCH ₃ , Ar _0- MeCH ₃ ), 1, 82 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 67 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 55-1, 20 (m, 28H , CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 26,800 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.16. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.38 dL / g. DSC: g 9 Ic 129 i.

20a) n (11-Me): n (0-Me) = 1: 1

3.524 g (5.00 mmol) of 1: 1 Me

1.822 g (5.00 mmol) O-Me

2.219 g (9.60 mmol) of diethylene glycol bischloroformate

1.7 ml of pyridine 47 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 45 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 6.4 g (93% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.26 (m, 4H, ArH _0- Me), 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.37 (m, 4H, ArH _{0 -} Me), 7.24 to 7.05 (m, 6H, ArHn-Me, ArH _0- Me), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 4.55 to 4.25 (m, 8H .

OCOOCH ₂ ), 4.14 (m, 4H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.04 (t, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3.92-3.70 (m, 8H, O).

COOCH ₂ CH ₂ O), 3.65 (m, 0.25H, CH ₂ OH), 2.24 (s, 6H, Am-MeCHb, Ar _0- MeCH ₃ ), 1, 82 (m,

4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 67 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 55-1, 20 (m, 28H, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 21,700 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.14. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.24 dL / g.

DSC: k 150-175 Ic.

LC-soft segment 21: Reaction of 2-methyl-1, 4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) - benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), ^{4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl} and adipoyl approach:

2.356 g (3.34 mmol) of 1 1-Me

0.415 g (2.23 mmol) ^{4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl}

0.988 g (5.40 mmol) adipic acid dichloride 0.9 ml of pyridine 22 ml of chloroform

Dilution with 50 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH. Yield: 2.9 g (86% of theory) of a white, fibrous solid.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.57 (m, 1, 6H, ArH), 7.23-7.05 (m, 4 , 6H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 4.07 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.74-2.27 (m, 5, 7H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 98-1, 23 (m, 42H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 28,200 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.23. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.49 dL / g. DSC: k 95 Ic 148 i.

LC soft segment 22: Reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), bisphenol A and adipic acid dichloride.

2.1 g (3.00 mmol) 1 l -Me

0.458 g (2.01 mmol) of bisphenol A

0.890 g (4.86 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml pyridine 20 ml chloroform

Dilute with 40 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.9 g (93% of theory) as a white, fibrous solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.25-7.05 (m, 5.6H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 6.98 (m, 6.5H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 6.71 (m, 0.23H, ArH), 4.07 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ),

2.67-2.28 (m, 6.4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 98-1, 23 (m, 47H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO,

C (CH ₃ J ₂ , CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 28,000 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.09 ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.58 dl / g. DSC: k 78 Ic 90-95 i.

Polarization microscopy: k 88 n 100-104 i

LC soft segment 23: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), bisphenol A and 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid dichloride.

2.1 1 g (2.99 mmol) 1 1 -Me

0.461 g (2.02 mmol) of bisphenol A

0.954 g (4.84 mmol) of 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid dichloride 0.9 ml of pyridine 22 ml of chloroform cases from 400 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.6 g (82% of theory) as a white, sticky solid Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.23-7.05 (m, 5.1 H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 6, 98 (m, 5.5H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 6.71 (m, 0.53H, ArH), 4.05 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.70-2.23 (m, 5,9H, CH ₂ COO, ArCH _3), 2.07 to 1, 15 (m, 5OH, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH _2, C (CHs) _2). GPC (THF): M _n = 7,100 g / mol; MJM _n = 1, 92. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.18 dL / g. DSC: k 50-70 lc, i.

LC soft segment 24a / b / c: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), bisphenol A and D, L-phenylsuccinic acid dichloride

24a) n (1 1-Me): bisphenol A = 9: 1

Approach:

3.170 g (4.50 mmol) of 1 1-Me

0.1 15 g (0.50 mmol) bisphenol A 1, 128 g (4.88 mmol) D, L-phenylsuccinic acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine

27 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 20 ml of chloroform, cases of 500 ml of MeOH

Yield: 4.0 g (99% of theory) as a red-brown solid.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.36-7.25 (m, 6H, PhH), 7.23-7.04

(m, 3.5H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 4.15-3.99 (m, 9H, ArOCH ₂ ,

COCH ₂ , PhCH), 3.20 (dd, 1H, PhCHCH ₂ ), 2.68 (dd, 1H, PhCHCH ₂ ), 2.24 (s, 3H,

ArCH ₃ ), 1, 83 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 70-1, 15 (m, 34H, CH ₂ , C (CH ₃ J ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 35,900 g / mol; M _n = 2.28 ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.65 dl / g..

DSC: k 77 Ic 105.

24b) n (1 1-Me): bisphenol A = 3: 2

2.116 g (3.00 mmol) of 1 1-Me

0.458 g (2.01 mmol) of bisphenol A

1.125 g (4.87 mmol) of D, L-phenylsuccinic acid dichloride 0.9 ml pyridine 24 ml chloroform

Dilution with 20 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH. Yield: 3.0 g (90% of theory) as a brown-orange solid.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.45-7.25 (m, 8H, PhH), 7.24-6.68 (m , 1 1, 5H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 4.46-4.02 (m, 9.6H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ , PhCH), 3.56-2.60 (m, 3H, PhCHCH ₂ , PhCHCH ₂ ), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 82 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 72-1, 15 (m, 36H, CH ₂ , C (CH ₃ J ₂ .) GPC (THF): M _n = 12,600 g / mol; M _n = 2.02 ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C):.. 0.39 dL / g DSC: 17 g k 45-65 Ic, i. Polarization microscopy: k 60 n 72 i.

24c) n (11-Me): bisphenol A = 1: 1

Approach:

1.792 g (2.50 mmol) of 1 1-Me

0.572 g (2.51 mmol) bisphenol A

1.122 g (4.86 mmol) of D, L-phenylsuccinic acid 0.9 ml of pyridine

22 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 10 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.7 g (87% of theory) as a red solid

Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.45-7.25 (m, 9H, PhH), 7.24-6.67

(m, 14H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 4.45-3.98 (m, 9.8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ , PhCH), 3.56-2.60 (m,

3,3H, PhCHCH ₂ , PhCHCH ₂ ), 2,25 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 83 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 72-1, 15 (m,

38H, CH ₂ , C (CH ₃ J ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 12,700 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.05. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.27 dL / g.

DSC: g 21k 40-70 lc, i.

LC soft segment 25: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), hydroquinone and adipoyl dichloride.

2.1 18 g (3.00 mmol) of 1 1-Me 0.221 g (2.01 mmol) of hydroquinone 0.892 g (4.87 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride 0.9 ml pyridine 20 ml chloroform

Dilution with 20 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH. Yield: 2.6 g (90% of theory) as a white solid.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.21-7.05 (m, 5H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 6.98 (m , 4H, ArHn-Me), 6.92 (m, 0.26H, ArH), 6.79 (m, 0.19H, ArH), 4.06 (m, 8H, A-rOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ) , 2.68-2.28 (m, 6.3H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 91-1, 22 (m, 43H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 17,800 g / mol; MJM _n = 1, 95. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.28 dL / g. DSC: k 91 Ic 129 i.

LC soft segment 26: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), 2-methoxyhydroquinone and adipic acid dichloride

Approach:

2.115 g (3.00 mmol) of 1 liter Me

0.279 g (1.99 mmol) 2-methoxyhydroquinone

0.890 g (4.86 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride 0.9 ml of pyridine

20 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 35 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.7 g (92% of theory) as a white, fibrous solid

Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.20-6.95 (m, 7.5H, ArHn-Me, ArH),

6.73-6.65 (m, 1H, ArH), 4.06 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.78 (m, 2H, OCH ₃ ), 2.69-

2.28 (m, 6.4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 91-1, 22 (m, 43H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 28,400 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.16. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.36 dL / g. DSC: k 87 Ic 116 i.

LC soft segment 27: Reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), 2-fe / t-butylhydroquinone and adipoic acid dichloride. Starting point: 2.1 16 g (3.00 mmol) 1 l-Me

0.334 g (2.01 mmol) 2-Fe / t-butylhydroquinone 0.885 g (4.83 mmol) adipoyl dichloride 0.9 mL pyridine 22 ml of chloroform

Dilution with 10 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH. Yield: 2.3 g (77% of theory) as a white, pulverulent solid Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.20-6.61 (m, 8H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 4.06 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.67-2.28 (m , 5.8H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 92-1, 20 (m, 47H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ , C (CH ₃ J ₃ ) . GPC (THF): M _n = 10,500 g / mol; MJM _n = 1, 80 ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.25 dL / g DSC: 89 K Ic.. 104 i.

LC soft segment 28: Reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxyphenyl ester and adipoic acid dichloride.

2.1 17 g (3.00 mmol) of 1 1-Me

0.463 g (2.01 mmol) of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxyphenyl ester

0.890 g (4.86 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine 22 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 40 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.4 g (77% of theory) as a white, fibrous solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.23 (m, 1, 3H, ArH), 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.26-7.06 (m, 7 , 3H, ArHn-Me, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 4.07 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.75-

2.28 (m, 6.3H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 98-1, 23 (m, 45H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 33,100 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.03. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.31 dL / g.

DSC: k 80-90 Ic 158 i.

LC soft segment 29: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), 1,4-cyclohexanediol (mixture of isomers) and adipic acid dichloride

Batch: 2.1 18 g (3.00 mmol) 1 1-Me

0.235 g (2.02 mmol) of 1,4-cyclohexanediol (mixture of isomers)

0.888 g (4.85 mmol) adipic acid dichloride

0.9 mL of pyridine 20 ml of chloroform

Dilution with 7 ml of chloroform, cases of 420 ml of MeOH Yield: 2.8 g (97% of theory) as a white, fibrous solid Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.15 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH ) 4.86 (m, 1H, CHOCO), 4.06 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.32 (m, 6.3H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H , ArCH ₃ ), 2.00-1, 23 (m, 48H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 30,100 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.02. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.57 dl / g. DSC: k 75-87 Ic 106 i.

LC soft segment 30: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene and adipoyl dichloride.

2.118 g (3.00 mmol) of 1 1-Me

0.320 g (2.00 mmol) of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene

0.888 g (4.85 mmol) adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine 22 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 30 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.8 g (94% of theory) as a beige, fibrous solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.78 (m, 1, 1H, ArH), 7.49 (m, 1, 1H , ArH), 7.30 (m, 1, 1H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1H, ArHn-Me), 7.14 (d, 1H, ArHn-Me), 7.09 ( dd, 1H,

ArHn-Me), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me) 4.07 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.92-2.72 (m, 2.2H,

CH ₂ COO), 2.47-2.28 (m, 4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 2.10-1, 22 (m, 42H,

CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 24,600 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.29. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.58 dl / g.

DSC: g 15 k 89 Ic 122 i.

LC-soft segment 31: Reaction of 2-methyl-1, 4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) - benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), 4,4 ^{'-Sulfonyldiphenol} and adipoyl approach:

2.1 g (3.00 mmol) 1 1-Me

0.498 g (1 99 mmol) 4,4 ^{'-Sulfonyldiphenol}

0.892 g (4.87 mmol) adipic acid dichloride 0.9 ml pyridine 23 ml chloroform

Dilution with 35 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH. Yield: 3.0 g (95% of theory) as a white, fibrous solid.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me), 7.97 (m, 2.5H, ArH), 7.25 (m, 2.5H, ArH , 7.18 (d, 1H, ArHn-Me), 7.14 (d, 1H, ArHn-Me), 7.08 (dd, 1H, ArHn-Me), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArHn-Me) 4.06 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.61 (m, 2.4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.34 (m, 4H, CH ₂ COO), 2 , 24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 93-1, 21 (m, 44H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 38,800 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.00. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.34 dL / g. DSC: k 65 Ic 85-105 i.

LC-soft segment 32: Reaction of 2-methyl-1, 4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) - benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), poly (ε-caprolactone) (OH-terminated, M _n ~ 530 g / mol) and

adipic acid

Approach:

2.1 17 g (3.00 mmol) of 1 1-Me

1.056 g (1.99 mmol) of poly (ε-caprolactone), OH-terminated 0.889 g (4.86 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine

25 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 35 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 3.5 g (94% of theory) as a white, fibrous solid Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.15 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.23 (m, 2.5H, COOCH ₂ CH ₂ O), 4.06 (m, 12.8H,

ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.69 (m, 2.5H, COOCH ₂ CH ₂ O), 2.33 (m, 11, 2H, CH ₂ COO), 2.23

(s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 91-1, 23 (m, 58H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 40,000 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.40. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.83 dl / g.

DSC: k 70-90 lc, i.

LC soft segment 33: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), poly (ethylene glycol) (OH-terminated, M _n ~ 200 g / mol) and adipic acid dichloride. Starting: 2.114 g (3.00 mmol) of 1 1-Me 0.443 g (2.01 mmol) of poly (ethylene glycol), OH-terminated

0.888 g (4.85 mmol) adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine

22 ml of chloroform cases from 400 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.8 g (91% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.15 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1 H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.23 (m, 2H, COOCH ₂ CH ₂ O), 4.06 (m, 8H, A-rOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.76-3.60 (m, 6.8H, CH ₂ CH ₂ O), 2.33 (m, 6H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H,

ArCH _3), 1, 91 -1, 23 (m, 44H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH _2).

GPC (THF): M _n = 19,300 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.02. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.43 dL / g.

DSC: k 90 Ic 95-10O i.

LC-soft segment 34: Reaction of 2-methyl-1, 4-bis [4- (11-hydroxyundecyloxy) - benzoyl] hydroquinone (11-Me), poly (dimethylsiloxane) (carbinol-terminated, M _n ~ 600-850 g / mol) and glutaric acid dichloride

Approach: 3.523 g (5.00 mmol) of 1 1-Me

4.699 g (5.00 mmol) of poly (dimethylsiloxane), carbinol-terminated

1.625 g (9.61 mmol) of glutaric acid dichloride

1.7 ml of pyridine

51 ml of chloroform cases from 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 6.2 g (68% of theory) as a white, fibrous solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.05 (m, 1H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.60 (t, 0.3OH, CH ₂ OH ), 2.37 (t, 5.7H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 2.01-1, 22 (m, 42H,

CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ), 0.53 (m, 2H, SiCH ₂ ), 0.07 (m, 36H, SiCH ₃ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 22,400 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.08. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.34 dL / g. DSC: k 69 Ic 10O i. Polarization microscopy: k 81 n 100-109 i

2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (6-Me) as mesogen LC soft segment 35: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (6-Me), bisphenol A and adipic acid dichloride

Approach:

1.695 g (3.00 mmol) 6-Me 0.459 g (2.01 mmol) bisphenol A

0.889 g (4.86 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine

19 ml of chloroform

Dilution with 30 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH. Yield: 2.4 g (89% of theory) as a white, fibrous solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH _6- Me), 7.34-6.80 (m, 12H, ArH _6- Me, ArH),

6.72 (m, 0.17H, ArH), 4.08 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.67-2.23 (m, 9H, CH ₂ COO,

ArCH ₃ ), 2.05-1, 26 (m, 26H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, C (CH ₃ J ₂ , CH ₂ ), GPC (THF): M _n = 24,000 g / mol, MJM _n = 2 ., 28 ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.35 dL / g.

DSC: g 12k 105 lc, i.

LC soft segment 36: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (6-Me), 2-methoxyhydroquinone and adipic acid dichloride

Approach:

1.694 g (3.00 mmol) of 6-Me

0.279 g (1.99 mmol) 2-methoxyhydroquinone

0.887 g (4.85 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride 0.9 ml of pyridine

19 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 30 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.3 g (92% of theory) as a white, fibrous solid

Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH _6-Me ), 7.20-6.95 (m, 8.1 H, ArH _6-Me , ArH) .

6.73-6.65 (m, 1, 2H, ArH), 4.08 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.78 (m, 2H, OCH ₃ ), 2.71-

2.28 (m, 7H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 99-1, 36 (m, 25H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 27,300 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.13. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ c): 0.32 dL / g. DSC: k107 Ic140 i.

LC soft segment 37: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (6-Me), 2-fe / t-butylhydroquinone and adipic acid dichloride Approach:

1.694 g (3.00 mmol) of 6-Me

0.332 g (2.00 mmol) 2-fe / t-butylhydroquinone

0.884 g (4.83 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride 0.9 ml of pyridine

20 ml of chloroform

Cases from 360 ml of MeOH

Yield: 1.8 g (70% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.15 (m, 4H, ArH _6- Me), 7.20-6.61 (m, 8.6H, ArH _6- Me, ArH),

4.08 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.89-2.27 (m, 6H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ),

1, 92-1, 28 (m, 26H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH _2, C _(CH3 J _3).

GPC (THF): M _n = 9,500 g / mol; MJM _n = 1, 98. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.22 dL / g. DSC: g 10 k 1 16 lc, i.

LC soft segment 38: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (6-Me), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxyphenyl ester and adipoyl dichloride.

1.697 g (3.00 mmol) of 6-Me

0.460 g (2.00 mmol) of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxyphenyl ester

0.884 g (4.83 mmol) adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml pyridine 20 ml chloroform

Dilute with 40 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.6 g (97% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.23 (m, 1, 4H, ArH), 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH _6-Me ), 7.26-7.06 (m, 7H, ArH _6- Me, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH _6-Me ), 4.09 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.75-2.29 (m, 6 , 3H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 2.00-1, 34 (m, 23H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 27,100 g / mol; MJM _n = 1, 94. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.27 dL / g. DSC: k 116 Ic 200-22O i.

LC soft segment 39: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (6-Me), 1,4-cyclohexanediol (mixture of isomers) and adipic acid dichloride Approach:

1.68g (2.99mmol) 6-Me

0.241 g (2.07 mmol) of 1,4-cyclohexanediol (mixture of isomers)

0.891 g (4.87 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride 0.9 ml of pyridine

19 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 20 ml of chloroform, cases of 570 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.0 g (81% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1 H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH) 4.86 (m, 1, 2H, CHOCO), 4.08 (m, 8H, ArOCH ₂ ,

COOCH ₂ ), 2.33 (m, 6.4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 2.01-1, 36 (m, 28H,

CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 27,000 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.07. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.46 dl / g.

DSC: k 1 12 Ic 123 i.

LC soft segment 40: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (6-hydroxyhexyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone (6-Me), 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy ) benzoyl] hydroquinone (2-Me) and adipic acid dichloride

Approach:

0.728 g (1.29 mmol) of 6-Me

0.583 g (1.29 mmol) of 2-Me

0.458 g (2.50 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride 0.3 ml of pyridine

12 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 5 ml of chloroform, cases of 280 ml of MeOH

Yield: 1.5 g (94% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH _6- Me, ArH _2- Me), 7.21-7.05 (m, 3H, ArH _6- Me,

ArH _2- Me), 6.99 (m, 4H, ArH _6- Me, ArH _2- Me), 4.48 (m, 2H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.26 (m, 2H, Ar ₂₎

_M eOCH ₂ ), 4.18 (t, 0.2H, OCH ₂ CH ₂ OH), 4.07 (m, 4H, Ar ₆ MeOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 2.45-2.28

(m, 4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, Ar ₆ MeCH _3, Ar _2- MeCH _3), 1, 84 (m, 2H, CH _2), 1, 68 (m, 6H .

CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ), 1, 59-1, 37 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 14,800 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.59. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.37 dL / g.

DSC: g 19 Ic 17O i. 2-Methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone (2-Me) as mesogen

LC soft segment 41: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone (2-Me), bisphenol A and adipic acid dichloride.

1.355 g (2.99 mmol) of 2-Me

0.456 g (2.00 mmol) of bisphenol A

0.888 g (4.85 mmol) adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml pyridine 15 ml chloroform

Cases from 280 ml_ MeOH

Yield: 2.2 g (94% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH _2- Me), 7.25-6.93 (m, 12H, ArH _2- Me, ArH), 6.72 (m, 0.24H, ArH), 4.47 (m, 3.7H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.26 (m, 3.7H, ArOCH ₂ ), 4.18 (m,

0.16H, ArOCH ₂ ), 4.02 (m, 0.17H, CH ₂ OH), 2.66-2.34 (m, 6.2H, CH ₂ COO), 2.23 (s, 3H,

ArCH _3), 1, 91 -1, 58 (m, 1 OH, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, C (CH ₃ J _2).

GPC (THF): M _n = 9,100 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.43. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.27 dL / g. DSC: g 49 k.

LC soft segment 42: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone (2-Me), 2-methoxyhydroquinone and adipic acid dichloride

Approach: 1.356 g (3.00 mmol) 2-Me

0.284 g (2.03 mmol) of 2-methoxyhydroquinone

0.884 g (4.83 mmol) adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine

15 ml of chloroform cases from 280 ml of MeOH

Yield: 1.7 g (78% of theory) as a white, sticky solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH _2-Me ), 7.20-6.95 (m, 7.7H, ArH _2-Me , ArH),

6.73-6.64 (m, 1, 2H, ArH), 4.47 (m, 3.7H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.26 (m, 3.7H, ArOCH ₂ ), 4.18 (m , 0.27H, ArOCH ₂ ), 4.02 (m, 0.29H, CH ₂ OH), 3.78 (m, 2H, OCH ₃ ), 2.71-2.28 (m, 6.2H,

CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 95-1, 64 (m, 6,3H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO).

GPC (THF): M _n = 7,700 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.47. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.22 dL / g. DSC: g 36 Ic 100-12O i.

LC soft segment 43: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone (2-Me), 2-fe / t-butylhydroquinone and adipoyl dichloride.

1.355 g (2.99 mmol) of 2-Me

0.332 g (2.00 mmol) 2-fe / t-butylhydroquinone

0.886 g (4.84 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml pyridine 18 ml chloroform

Cases from 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 1.7 g (77% of theory) as a white, sticky solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH _2- Me), 7.20-6.61 (m, 8.3H, ArH _2- Me, ArH), 4 , 47 (m, 4H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.26 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 2.67-2.28 (m, 5.7H, CH ₂ COO), 2.23 (s,

3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 92-1, 65 (m, 5,3H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO), 1, 34 (m, 3,7H, C (CH ₃ J ₃ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 6,400 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.01. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.19 dL / g.

DSC: g 36 Ic 80-95 i.

LC soft segment 44: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone (2-Me), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxyphenyl ester and adipic acid dichloride

Approach: 1.357 g (3.00 mmol) 2-Me

0.461 g (2.00 mmol) of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxyphenyl ester

0.891 g (4.87 mmol) adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine

Dilute 18 ml of chloroform with 40 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.2 g (94% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 5.4H, ArH _2-Me , ArH), 7.35-6.86 (m, 1 H, ArH _2-Me ,

ArH), 4.47 (m, 4H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.26 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 2.80-2.30 (m, 6.6H, CH ₂ COO), 2.23 ( s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 2.02-1, 56 (m, 6,5H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO).

GPC (THF): M _n = 13,900 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.03. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.21 dL / g.

DSC: g 38 Ic 205-220 i. LC soft segment 45: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone (2-Me), 1,4-cyclohexanediol (mixture of isomers) and adipic acid dichloride

Approach: 1.361 g (3.01 mmol) 2-Me

0.234 g (2.01 mmol) of 1,4-cyclohexanediol (mixture of isomers)

0.886 g (4.84 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine

Dilute 17 ml of chloroform with 5 ml of chloroform, cases of 440 ml of MeOH

Yield: 1.7 g (80% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1 H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 7.01 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.85 (m, 1, 2H, CHOCO), 4.47 (m, 3.9H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.26 (m, 3,8H, ArOCH ₂ ), 4,18 (m, 0,2OH, ArOCH ₂ ), 4,02 (m, 0, 16H,

CH ₂ OH), 2.47-2.27 (m, 6.3H, CH ₂ COO), 2.23 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 2.01-1, 44 (m, 1 1 H,

CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 15,000 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.03. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.39 dL / g. DSC: g 30 Ic 80-95 i.

Polarization microscopy: Ic 111-125 i.

LC soft segment 46: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone (2-Me), 1,4-cyclohexanediol (mixture of isomers) and glutaric acid dichloride.

1.358 g (3.00 mmol) 2-Me

0.231 g (1.99 mmol) of 1,4-cyclohexanediol (mixture of isomers)

0.822 g (4.84 mmol) of glutaric acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine 16 ml of chloroform

Cases from 300 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.0 g (97% of theory) as a pink-white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1H, ArH), 7, 08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 7.01 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.86 (m, 1, 2H, CHOCO), 4.48 (m, 3, 8H,

COOCH ₂ ), 4.26 (m, 3.8H, ArOCH ₂ ), 4.18 (m, 0.2OH, ArOCH ₂ ), 4.02 (m, 0.17H,

CH ₂ OH), 2.50-2.30 (m, 6.1 H, CH ₂ COO), 2.23 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 2.05-1, 45 (m, 7.9H .

CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 10,100 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.17. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.30 dl / g. DSC: g 34 Ic 75 i.

LC soft segment 47: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone (2-Me), 1, 5-dihydroxynaphthalene and adipic acid dichloride

Approach:

1.357 g (3.00 mmol) 2-Me

0.322 g (2.01 mmol) of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene 0.887 g (4.85 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml of pyridine

17 ml of chloroform

Dilute with 10 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of MeOH

Yield: 2.1 g (95% of theory) as an orange solid Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH _2- Me), 7.77 (m, 1, 2H, ArH), 7.49 (m, 1, 1H .

ArH), 7.29 (m, 1, 2H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1 H, Ar H ₂ Me), 7.14 (d, 1 H, Ar H ₂ Me), 7.09 ( dd, 1H,

ArH _2- Me), 7.01 (m, 4H, ArH _2-Me ), 4.47 (m, 4H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.26 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 2.95-

2.72 (m, 2.2H, CH ₂ COO), 2.57-2.28 (m, 4,3H, CH ₂ COO), 2,23 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 2,12- 1.60 (m, 6.2H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO).

GPC (THF): M _n = 1 1700 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.25. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.30 dl / g.

DSC: g 40 k 121 Ic 128 i.

LC soft segment 48: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone (2-Me), poly (ε-caprolactone) (OH-terminated, M _n ~ 530 g / mol) and adipoyl dichloride. Starting: 1.357 g (3.00 mmol) of 2-Me 1.059 g (2.00 mmol) of poly (ε-caprolactone), OH-terminated 0.889 g (4.86 mmol) of adipic acid dichloride 0 , 9 mL pyridine 22 mL chloroform dilute with 25 mL chloroform, precipitate from 600 mL MeOH yield: 2.2 g (75% of theory) as a white solid characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.17 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.12 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7, 07 (dd, 1H, ArH), 7.00 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.47 (m, 3,8H, COOCH ₂ ), 4,24 (m, 6,2H, A- rOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ CH ₂ O), 4.07 (m, 4.7H, COOCH ₂ ), 3.68 (m, 2.4H, COOCH ₂ CH ₂ O), 2.33 (m, 1 l H , CH ₂ COO), 2.23 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 79-1, 29 (m, 2OH, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO, CH ₂ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 19,000 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.18. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.47 dl / g. DSC: k 105-120 lc, i.

LC soft segment 49: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone (2-Me), poly (ethylene glycol) (OH terminated, M _n ~ 200 g / mol ) and adipic acid dichloride approach:

1.359 g (3.00 mmol) of 2-Me

0.439 g (1.99 mmol) poly (ethylene glycol), OH-terminated

0.881 g (4.81 mmol) adipic acid dichloride

0.9 ml pyridine 18 ml chloroform

Dilute with 1 ml of chloroform, cases of 610 ml of MeOH

Yield: 1.7 g (73% of theory) as a white solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.13 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7, 08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 7.01 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.47 (m, 3.6H, COOCH ₂ ), 4.24 (m, 6.2H, A- rOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ CH ₂ O), 4.18 (m, 0.31H, ArOCH ₂ ), 4.02 (m, 0.41H, CH ₂ OH), 3.76-3.60

(m, 7,3H, CH ₂ CH ₂ O), 2.38 (m, 6,2H, CH ₂ COO), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH _3), 1, 68 (m, 6.6H .

CH ₂ CH ₂ COO).

GPC (THF): M _n = 8,000 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.29. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.27 dL / g.

DSC: k 1 10 Ic 12O i.

D) Polysiloxane-based soft segments with alkenyl-modified mesogens

1. General working instructions

The corresponding alkenyl-modified mesogen was dissolved under inert gas in toluene at 60 ° C. Subsequently, a suitable termination reagent, Karstedt catalyst (0.1 M solution in xylene) and bis-hydride end-group-functionalized poly (dimethylsiloxane) (H-PDMS-H, M _n ~ 580 g / mol) were metered in under inert gas and the Reaction solution stirred at 60 ⁰ C. After complete conversion of the Si-H groups (IR: absence of the v (Si-H) band at about 2140 cm ^"1 ), the solvent was removed at 60 ⁰ C in vacuo and the resulting product at 50 ⁰ C in vacuo dried. 2. Soft segments produced according to general working instructions

LC soft segment 50: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4 - ((4-vinyloxy) butyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone, H-PDMS-H and allyl alcohol

Approach:

0.8413 g (1.50 mmol) of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4 - ((4-vinyloxy) butyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

59.1 μl (0.76 mmol) of allyl alcohol

10 μL Karstedt Catalyst Solution 1, 161 g (2.00 mmol) H-PDMS-H

12 mL of toluene

Yield: 1.8 g (88% of theory) of yellowish-white, waxy solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7, 08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.09 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3.64-3.45 (m, 8.4H,

CH ₂ OCH ₂ , CH ₂ OH), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 92 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 77 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 62

(m, 1H, CH ₂ ), 1, 01 (m, 4H, SiCH ₂ ), 0.55 (m, 0.4H, SiCH ₂ ), 0.09 (m, 6OH, SiCH ₃ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 20,300 g / mol; MJM _n = 3.49. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.23 dL / g. DSC: Ic 29 i.

LC soft segment 51: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4 - ((4-vinyloxy) butyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone, H-PDMS-H and 4-vinyloxybutan-1-ol

Approach: 7.387 g (13.18 mmol) of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4 - ((4-vinyloxy) butyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

0.767 g (0.66 mmol) of 4-vinyloxybutan-1-ol

88.5 μL Karstedt catalyst solution

10.271 g (17.71 mmol) of H-PDMS-H

H 2 mL toluene Yield: 18.1 g (98% of theory) yellow-white, waxy solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.18 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.09 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3.64 (m, 0.7H, CH ₂ OH),

3.51 (m, 9.7H, CH ₂ OCH ₂ ), 2.24 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 92 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 77 (m, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 68 (m, 1, 4H, CH ₂ ), 1, 01 (m, 4,6H, SiCH ₂ ), 0,09 (m, 63H, SiCH ₃ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 12,700 g / mol; MJM _n = 3.12. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.14 dL / g.

DSC: Ic 20-40 i. LC soft segment 52: reaction of 2-fe / t-butyl-1,4-bis [4- (3-butenyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone, H-PDMS-H and allyl alcohol. Starting point: 0.927 g (1.80 mmol) 2-tert-butyl-1,4-bis [4- (3-butenyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone 27.3 μL (0.40 mmol) allyl alcohol 55 μL Karstedt catalyst solution

1,160 g (2.00 mmol) H-PDMS-H 12 mL toluene Yield: 1.8 g (93% of theory) of brown, viscous oil

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.17 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.25 (m, 1H, ArH), 7.13 (m, 2H, ArH),

7.00 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.06 (m, 3.6H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3.60 (m, 0.2H, CH ₂ OH), 1.86 (m, 4H, CH ₂ )

1.55 (m, 4.6H, CH ₂ ), 1.38 (s, 9H, ArC (CHs) ₃ ), 0.62 (m, 3.3H, SiCH ₂ ), 0.56 (m, 0 , 2H, SiCH ₂ ), 0.08 (m, 52H, SiCH ₃ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 14,100 g / mol; MJM _n = 3.56. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.17 dL / g.

DSC: g -40- -20 lc, i.

Polarization microscopy: -70-80 i

LC soft segment 53a / b: reaction of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4 - ((4-vinyloxy) butyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone, 2-fe / t-butyl-1,4-bis 3-butenyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone, H-PDMS-H and allyl alcohol

53a) n (2-methyl-1,4-bis [4 - ((4-vinyloxy) butyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone): n (2-fe / t-butyl-1,4-bis [4- (3- butenyloxy) benzoyl] -hydroquinone) = 1: 1

Approach:

0.505 g (0.90 mmol) of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4 - ((4-vinyloxy) butyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

0.462 g (0.90 mmol) of 2-Fe / t-butyl-1,4-bis [4- (3-butenyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

27.3 μL (0.40 mmol) allyl alcohol 55 μL Karstedt catalyst solution

1.161 g (2.00 mmol) H-PDMS-H 12 mL toluene

Yield: 1.9 g (95% of theory) of a brownish, waxy solid Characterization: 1 H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.26-6.93 (m, 7H, ArH), 4.06 (m, 4H, ArOCH ₂ ), 3.51 (m, 4H, CH ₂ OCH ₂ , CH ₂ OH), 2.24 (s, 1, 4H, ArCH ₃ ), 2.00 to 1, 75 (m, 6H, CH _2), 1, 55 (m, 2H, CH _2), 1, 37 (s, 4.5H, ArC (CHs) _3), 1, 01 (m, 1, 6H, SiCH ₂ ), 0.62 (m, 1, 6H, SiCH ₂ ), 0.09 (m, 57H, SiCH ₃ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 34,900 g / mol; MJM _n = 7.78. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.38 dL / g.

DSC: g -33 Ic 2-6 i.

Polarization microscopy: n 45 i

53b) n (2-methyl-1,4-bis [4 - ((4-vinyloxy) butyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone): n (2-Fe / t-butyl)

1, 4-bis [4- (3-butenyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone) = 7: 2

Approach:

0.786 g (1.40 mmol) of 2-methyl-1,4-bis [4 - ((4-vinyloxy) butyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone 0.207 g (0.40 mmol) of 2-tert-butyl-1,4 bis [4- (3-butenyloxy) benzoyl] hydroquinone

27.3 μL (0.40 mmol) allyl alcohol

55 μL Karstedt catalyst solution

1.159 g (2.00 mmol) H-PDMS-H

12 mL toluene Yield: 1.8 g (89% of theory) brownish, waxy solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.26-6.93 (m, 7H, ArH), 4.08 (m, 4H,

ArOCH ₂ ), 3.51 (m, 6H, CH ₂ OCH ₂ , CH ₂ OH), 2.24 (s, 2.3H, ArCH ₃ ), 2.00-1, 75 (m, 7H,

CH ₂ ), 1, 54 (m, 1, 5H, CH ₂ ), 1, 38 (s, 2H, ArC (CH ₃ ) ₃ ), 1, 01 (m, 2,7H, SiCH ₂ ), 0.62 (m, 0.8H, SiCH ₂ ), 0.09 (m, 51H, SiCH ₃ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 39,000 g / mol; MJM _n = 7.00. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.47 dl / g.

DSC: g -40 Ic 27 i.

Polarization microscopy: n 45 i

III. Production of Segmented Polyurethane Multiblock Copolymers

A) Polyester- or polycarbonate-based mesogen-containing soft segments

1. General working instructions

The respective soft segment was dissolved at 50 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere in chloroform. After addition of dibutyltin dilaurate and a solution of the corresponding diisocyanate is stirred at 50 ⁰ C for 1 h. Subsequently, the chain extenders was added and Ger additional 18-22 h at 50 ⁰ C. The reaction solution was poured into methanol, the precipitate was filtered off, washed with methanol and dried in vacuo at 50 ⁰ C. 2. Multiblock copolymers prepared according to general procedure

Approach:

2.253 g of polyester-based soft segment LC 0.222 g (0.89 mmol) ^{diisocyanate,} diphenylmethane-4,4

18-22 mg dibutyltin dilaurate

0.064 g (0.71 mmol) of 1,4-butanediol

23 ml of chloroform

Dilution with 35 ml of chloroform, cases of 600 ml of methanol. Yield: 2.3 g (91% of theory) of white, fibrous solid

Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): δ / ppm = 8.16 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.19 (d, 1 H, ArH), 7.14 (d, 1 H, ArH),

7.08 (dd, 1H, ArH), 6.98 (m, 4H, ArH), 4.25-4.00 (m, 8.5H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.88

(m, 0.16H, ArCH ₂ ), 2.32 (m, 4H, CH ₂ COO), 2.25 (s, 3H, ArCH ₃ ), 1, 93-1, 20 (m, 44H, CH ₂ CH ₂ COO ₁ CH ₂ ).

GPC (THF): M _n = 71,800 g / mol; MJM _n = 2.08. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.98 dL / g.

DSC: k 98 Ic 134 i.

B) Polysiloxane-based mesogen-containing soft segments

1. General working instructions

The respective soft segment was dissolved in an inert mixture of toluene and N, N-dimethylacetamide (1: 1 v / v) at 50 ^° C. in an inert gas atmosphere. After addition of dibutyltin dilaurate and a solution of the corresponding diisocyanate was stirred at 50 ⁰ C for 1 h. Subsequently, the chain extender was added and stirred at 50 ⁰ C for a further 18-22 h. The reaction solution was poured into methanol, the precipitate was filtered off, washed with methanol and dried in vacuo at 50 ⁰ C.

2. Multiblock copolymers prepared according to general procedure

Approach:

14.179 g of polysiloxane-based LC soft segment 3,430 g (13.70 mmol) of ^{diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate} 70-90 mg of dibutyltin dilaurate 0.839 g (9.30 mmol) of 1, 4-butanediol, 94 ml of toluene 94 ml of N, N-dimethylacetamide

Yield: 9.4 g (51% of theory) of white, fibrous solid Characterization:

¹ H-NMR (THF-dβ): δ / ppm = 8.61 (m, 1, 3H, NH), 8.13 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.36 (m, 3.6H, ArH) , 7.30-6.95 (m, 1 H, ArH), 4.11 (m, 7.3H, ArOCH ₂ , COOCH ₂ ), 3.83 (m, 2.5H, ArCH ₂ ), 3 , 65 to 3.55 (m, 13H, CH ₂ OCH _2), 2.22 (s, 3H, _ArCH3), from 2.00 to 1, 50 (m, 7.5H, CH _2), 1, 00 (m, 5.2H, SiCH ₂ ), 0.12 (m, 63H, SiCH ₃ ). GPC (THF): M _n = 25,000 g / mol; MJM _n = 5.51. ηred (0.25% w / w in NMP, 30 ⁰ C): 0.49 dL / g. DSC: Ic 20-4O i; T _m = 181 ⁰ C.

Claims

claims A reversible shape memory fabric comprising at least one elastomer having liquid crystalline segments. 2. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystalline segments are arranged substantially in the main chain of the elastomer. 3. Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the elastomer is selected from polyurethanes, polyureas, polycarbonates, Polyesters and polymers containing difunctional groups selected from urethane groups, urea groups, carbonate groups and ester groups wherein at least two groups are different from each other, and which include liquid crystalline segments. 4. Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid-crystalline segments comprise the following structural units I: -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² - (I) wherein Z ¹ and Z ² independently represent O, S or NR ¹ ; M ^{1 is} a mesogenic group; each M ² and each M ^{3 are} each independently and independently a mesogenic group or a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic radical, said radicals also being selected from one or more heteroatom-containing groups may be interrupted by O, S, NR ² , CO, SO 2 and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ; Y ¹ for a chemical bond, O, S, NR ³ , CO, OC (O), C (O) -O, O-C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O), C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -O, O-C (O) -NR ³ , C (O ) -A- C (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - C (O) -AC (O) -NR ^3, 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ^3, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵⁾ _e -O, NR ³ - ( CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e- O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -A- C (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e-NR ³ , OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e-NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e-NR ³ , (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ¹ -O, O- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O or NR ³ - (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) f- [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O- SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O; Y ² for a chemical bond, O, S, NR ³ , CO, OC (O), C (O) -O, O-C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O), C (O) - NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -O, O-C (O) -NR ³ , O-C (O) -A- C (O), NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O), 0 -C (O) -Ac (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O) -O, NR ³ - C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -A- C (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O ) -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O ) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) - AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f , O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, - SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g - O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -O or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _{g is} -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -NR ³ ; each Y ³ independently has one of the meanings given for Y ¹ ; each Y ⁴ each independently has one of the meanings given for Y ² ; A ¹ and A ² independently of one another for a chemical bond or a Spacer stand; each R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} each independently and independently hydrogen or C ¹ -C ⁴ alkyl; each R ^4, R ^5, R ^6, R ^7, R ^8, R ^9, R ^12, R ^13, R ¹⁴ and R ¹⁵ are each independently and are each independently hydrogen or Ci-C ₄ -alkyl are; each R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ each independently and independently represent C 1 -C 4 alkyl or aryl; each A is independently a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, aliphatic-alicyclic or araliphatic radical, wherein the abovementioned radicals can also be interrupted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups which are selected from O, S, NR ³ , CO and SO 2, and / or via a heteroatom-containing group which are selected from O, S and NR ³ , may be bound; a and b are independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 80; each e is independently an integer from 1 to 20; each f, g, j and I are each independently and independently for a whole Number from 1 to 20; each h and k each independently and independently represent 0 or an integer of 1 to 20; each i is independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; with the proviso that two oxygen atoms or one oxygen and one nitrogen atom are not directly adjacent. 5. A fabric according to claim 4, wherein M ^{1 is} a mesogenic group of the formula MI: (T ¹ -Y ⁵ ) _C T ² (MI) wherein each T ¹ is independently a divalent alicyclic, saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic, aromatic or heteroaromatic radical; T ^{2 is} independently defined as T ¹ ; Y ^{5 is} identical or different bridge members -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH ₂ -, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -CH ₂ -S-, -S-CH ₂ , -CH = N-, -N = CH-, -CH = NN = CH- , -C≡C-, -CH = CH-, -C (CHs) = CH ₂ , -CH = CH (CH ₃ ) - or a direct bond, and c is 0, 1, 2 or 3. 6. A fabric according to claim 5, wherein M ^{1 is} selected from mesogenic groups of formulas MI. a, MI. b and MI. c:

M-I. a

1-l.b / l-l. c in which R ^a and R ^b independently of one another are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 10 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, nitro, CHO or CN stand; and x and y independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims, wherein M ² and M ³ independently of one another have one of the meanings indicated in claims 5 or 6 for M ¹ or are a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic radical which is selected from

and a group - (A ⁴ ) _s - [(CR ^c R ^d ) _m A ⁴ ] n- (CR ^e R ^f ) o -fA ⁵ - (CR9R ^h ) p} _q (A ⁵ ) t- wherein R ^aa and R ^bb independently of one another represent fluorine, chlorine, bromine, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 10 - Alkoxy, C 1 -C 10 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy Alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, nitro, CHO or CN; A ^{3 is} (CR'RJ) r, CO, C (O) O, OC (O) or SO ₂ , wherein R ¹ and RJ independently of one another are hydrogen or C 1 -d-alkyl and r is an integer Number from 1 to 4; xx and yy independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; each R ^c , R ^d , R ^e , R ^f , R s and R ^{h are} each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C ₄ alkyl or phenyl; each A ⁴ and A ^{5 are} each independently O, CO, C (O) -O, OC (O) or (SiR ^k R'-O) _r -SiR ^k R ', wherein each R ^k and R ^{1 are} each independently is Ci-C ₄ -AlkVl and r is O or an integer from 1 to 20; m, p and o are independently an integer from 1 to 10; n and q are independently O or an integer from 1 to 20; and s and t independently represent 0 or 1. 8. Textile fabric according to one of claims 4 to 7, wherein Y ¹ for the case where a is 0 and A ^{1 is} a chemical bond, for a chemical bond, CO, C (O) -O, C (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O ) -O, C (O) -A- C (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ or (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O; and in the event that a does not stand for O and at the same time Y ³ does not represent a chemical bond and / or A ¹ does not represent a chemical bond, for O, CO, OC (O), C (O) - O, O-C (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -O, O-C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) e O, C (O ) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [ O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O or O- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O; and Y ² for the case where b is O and A ^{2 is} a chemical bond, a chemical bond, CO, OC (O), NR ³ -C (O), O-C (O) -AC (O ), NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O) , or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} r SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f ; and in the event that b is not O and at the same time Y ^{4 is} not a chemical bond and / or A ^{2 is} not a chemical bond, O, CO, OC (O), C (O) -O, 0-C (O) -O, 0-C (O) -AC (O), 0-C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O- ( CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, - SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -O stands. 9. A fabric according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein A is fCR ^α R ^β } _α , fO- (CR ^α R ^β ) _β } _γ -O- or 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-phenylene wherein each R ^α and each R ^{β is} independently is hydrogen, Ci-C4-alkyl or phenyl, α is an integer from 1 to 20, ß is 2, 3 or 4 and γ is an integer from 1 to 10. 10. A fabric according to any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ , R ¹² , R ¹³ , R ¹⁴ and R ^{15 are} hydrogen; R ¹⁰ and R ^{11 are} methyl; and e is an integer from 2 to 15. 1 1. A textile fabric according to any one of claims 4 to 10, wherein Z ¹ and Z ^{2 are} O. 12. A fabric according to any one of claims 4 to 1 1, wherein at least one of the variables a and b is not 0. 13. Textile fabric according to one of claims 4 to 12, wherein Y ¹ for C (O) -AC (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -A- C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eO, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -Ac (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, O -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, OC (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , 0-C (O) - AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ , NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ or NR ³ - C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ ; and or Y ² for O-C (O) -AC (O), NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), O-C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -A- C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , 0-C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O- C (O) -Ac (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -Ac (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -A - C (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) - O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -O, NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) eOC (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ or NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _{e is} -NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ ; and or - a is an integer from 1 to 80, and in at least one of the repeating units -fY ³ -M ² -} _a Y ^{3 is} CO, OC (O) or NR ³ -C (O) and M ^{2 is} a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic (= cycloaliphatic), aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic radical, where the abovementioned radicals are also represented by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO 2 and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ , may be interrupted and / or bonded via such a heteroatom-containing group, and Y ¹ for C (O) -O, NR ³ -C (O), C (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ , C (O) -AC (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -O, C (O) -A - C (O) -O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ or C (O) -AC (O) -NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ ; and / or - b is an integer from 1 to 80, and at least one of the repeating units -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } _b Y ^{4 is} CO, C (O) -O, or C (O) -NR ³ and M ^{3 is} a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic (= cycloaliphatic), aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic radical, where the abovementioned radicals are also substituted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ² , CO, SO 2 and SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ , and / or may be bonded via such a heteroatom-containing group, and Y ² is OC (O), NR ³ -C (O), 0-C ( O) -Ac (O), NR ³ -C (O) -Ac (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - O-C (O) -Ac (O), NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -OC (O) -AC (O), O- (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e -NR ³ -C (O) -A- C (O) or NR ³ - (CR ⁴ R ⁵ ) _e - NR ³ -C (O) -AC (O). 14. Textile fabric according to one of claims 4 to 12, wherein Y ¹ for (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι- O, O- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g ] h -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ], - [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] _k - (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O or NR ³ - (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f - [O- (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) g] h-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - [O-SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ ] r [(CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _r O] k- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) ι-O; and Y ^{2 is} O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O}, - SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) _g -O} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f , O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) -fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} _l -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -KCR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) fO or O- (CR ¹⁴ R ¹⁵ ) i-fO- (CR ¹² R ¹³ ) _J HSiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O} _l -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -f (CR ⁸ R ⁹ ) gO} h- (CR ⁶ R ⁷ ) _f -NR ³ . 15. Textile fabric according to one of claims 4 to 14, wherein the sum of a and b is an integer from 2 to 40 stands. 16. Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the elastomer also comprises repeating units of the formula (II) -EC (O) -UBUC (O)] - (II) wherein each U is independently a chemical bond, O or NR ¹⁶ ; each B is independently a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, aliphatic-alicyclic, aromatic or araliphatic radical, said radicals also being interrupted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups selected from O, S, NR ^U , CO and SO 2 could be; R ^{16 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl; and R ^{u is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl. The fabric of claim 16 wherein U is NH. A fabric according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elastomer further comprises repeating units of formula (III) -fZ ³ -KZ ³ ] - wherein each Z ^{3 is} independently O or NR ¹⁷ ; K is a divalent aliphatic, alicyclic, alicyclic, aliphatic-aromatic or araliphatic radical, where the above radicals can also be interrupted by one or more heteroatom-containing groups, which are selected from O, S, NR ^V, CO and SO2, ; R ^{17 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl; and R ^{v is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ alkyl. 19. Textile fabric according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the elastomer is obtainable by a process comprising the following steps: (i.1) Implementation of the following components - A.a) at least one mesogendiol of the formula A.a.1

Aa1 wherein q ¹ stands for 0 or 1; p ^{1 is} an integer from 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 15 and especially 2 to 12; x is 0 or 1 and preferably 1; and R ^{a is} C 1 -C ₄ alkyl and especially methyl; Ab) if appropriate at least one further mesogendiol of the formula Ab1 or Ab2:

or a mixture thereof - A.c) optionally at least one diol selected from compounds of the formulas A.c.1, A.c.2, A.c.3, A.c.4, A.c.5:

and mixtures thereof, wherein R ^{aa is} selected from Ci-C ₄ -AlkVl and CrC ₄ -Akoxy and especially for Methyl, tert-butyl or methoxy; and xx is O or 1; A.d) at least one dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula A.d.1:

wherein A is selected from (CR ^α R ^β ) _α ; fO- (CH ₂ ) _ß } _γ -O- and phenylene, preferably 1, 3 or 1, 4-phenylene and in particular 1, 3-phenylene, wherein R ^α and R ^β independently of one another are H, C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl or phenyl; α is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 15 and especially 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; ß is 2, 3 or 4 and preferably 2; and γ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4 and especially 2; and X is a leaving group and in particular Cl; and - A.e) optionally at least one further diol which is selected from compounds of the following formulas: HO-KCH ₂ VOkH HO-f (CH ₂ ) _κ -C (O) -O] _λ (CH ₂ ) _Φ -O- (CH 2) _η -fO-C (O) - (CH 2) _κ ] iOH HO- (CH ₂ ) _μ - [SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ -O] _v -SiR ¹⁰ R ¹¹ - (CH ₂ ) _o -OH and mixtures thereof, wherein R ¹⁰ and R ¹¹ independently of one another are C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl or aryl, preferably C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and in particular methyl; δ is 2, 3 or 4 and preferably 2; ε is a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and especially for 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; φ and η independently represent a number from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6, especially 2, 3 or 4 and especially 2; each K is independently a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10 and especially 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; each λ is independently a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6 and especially from 1 to 4; μ and o independently represent a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 6 and especially from 2 to 4; and v is a number from 1 to 20, preferably from 1 to 10; or (i.2) Implementation of the following components B.a) at least one mesogendiolefin of the formula B.a.1 or B.a.2

Ba1

or a mixture of different mesogendiolefins; wherein x ¹ and x ^{2 are} independently 0 or 1 and preferably 1; each I ^{1 is} independently an integer from 2 to 10 and preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; each I ^{2 is} independently an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and especially 1, 2 or 3; and R ^a1 and R ^a2 independently of one another are C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl and especially methyl or tert-butyl; - B.b) at least one Sil (ox) on the formula B.b H-Si (CH ₂ ) ₂ - [O-Si (CH ₂ ) ₂ J ₁ IH Bb wherein O or an integer from 1 to 50, preferably an integer from 1 to 20 and especially from 2 to 15; and Bc) at least one olefinically unsaturated alcohol of the formula

(Bc1) or CH ₂ = CH-O- (CH _{2) g} i-OH (Bc2) wherein f is 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1 or 2 and especially 1; and g ^{1 is} an integer from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6; and Reaction of the product obtained in step (i.1) or (i.2) with at least one diisocyanate and optionally with at least one compound of the formula III-H HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H IH); wherein Z ³ and K have the meaning given in claim 18. 20. Textile fabric according to claim 19, wherein the components of the reaction (i.1) are used in amounts such that the molar ratio of all the diols Aa, Ab, Ac and Ae used to all dicarboxylic acid derivatives Ad 1: 1 to 10: 1, preferably 1, 01: 1 to 4: 1. 21. Textile fabric according to claim 19, wherein the components of the reaction (i.1) are used in amounts such that the molar ratio of all mesogendiolefins Ba used to all the silanes Bb used is 1: 1, 005 to 1: 5, preferably 1 : 1, 03 to 1: 2 and the molar ratio of all mesogendiolefins used Ba to all olefinically unsaturated alcohols used B. c 1: 2 to 25: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 20: 1. A reversible shape memory fiber comprising at least one elastomer having liquid crystalline segments as defined in any one of the preceding claims. 23. A reversible shape memory garment comprising at least one elastomer having liquid crystalline segments as defined in any one of claims 1 to 21. 24. An elastomer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 21. A polymer film comprising at least one elastomer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 21. 26. A process for producing fibers as defined in claim 22, comprising the steps of: (Ia) reaction of the following components in a polycondensation reaction: (a.1) at least one compound of the formula I-H HZ ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} _a -Y ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² -H (IH); (A.2) (a.2.1) at least one compound of the formula N-A O = C = NBN = C = O (NA) and optionally at least one compound of formula HI-H HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (NI-H); or (a.2.2) at least one compound of the formula N-B V-C (O) -U-B-U-C (O) -V (N-B) and optionally at least one compound of formula NI-H HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (NI-H); or (l.b) reaction of the following components in a polycondensation reaction: (A.3) (a.3.1) at least one compound of the formula V-A O = C = NB-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} _a -Y ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² - [ C (O) -NH-B-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } _b -A ² -Z ² } zC (O) -NH-BN = C = O (VA); or (a.3.2) at least one compound of the formula V-B VC (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² ^ C (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} _a -Y ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -ZVC (O) -UBUC (O) -V; (V-B) and (a.4) at least one compound of the formula NI-H HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (NI-H); wherein U, B, M ¹ , M ² , M ³ , A ¹ , A ² , Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , K, a and b one of the in Claims 4 to 18 have indicated meaning, z is a number from 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 10, more preferably 0 to 5, in particular 0, 1, 2 or 3, and V is NHR ¹⁸ , OR ¹⁹ or halogen; wherein R ^{18 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl; and R ^{19 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl; (II) spinning the obtained polycondensation product into a fiber; and (III.) Orienting the liquid crystalline segments in the fiber. 27. A process for the production of textile fabrics as defined in any one of claims 1 to 21, comprising the following steps: (I.) (Ia) reaction of the following components in a polycondensation reaction: (a.1) at least one compound of the formula I-H HZ ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ -} bA ² -Z ² -H (IH); (A.2) (a.2.1) at least one compound of the formula N-A O = C = N-B-N = C = O (N-A) and optionally at least one compound of formula NI-H HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (NI-H); or (a.2.2) at least one compound of the formula N-B V-C (O) -U-B-U-C (O) -V (N-B) and optionally at least one compound of formula NI-H HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (NI-H); (A.3) (a.3.1) at least one compound of the formula VA O = C = NB-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} _a -Y ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² - [ C (O) -NH-B-NH-C (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } _b -A ² -Z ² } zC (O) -NH-BN = C = O (VA); or (a.3.2) at least one compound of the formula V-B VC (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} aY ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -Z ² ^ C (O) -UBUC (O) -Z ¹ -A ¹ -fY ³ -M ² -} _a -Y ¹ -M ¹ -Y ² -fM ³ -Y ⁴ } bA ² -ZVC (O) -UBUC (O) -V; (V-B) and (a.4) at least one compound of the formula HI-H HZ ³ -KZ ³ -H (NI-H); wherein U, B, M ¹ , M ² , M ³ , A ¹ , A ² , Y ¹ , Y ² , Y ³ , Y ⁴ , Z ¹ , Z ² , Z ³ , K, a and b one of the in Claims 4 to 18 have the meaning given, z is a number from 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 10, particularly preferably 0 to 5, in particular 0, 1, 2 or 3, and V is NHR ¹⁸ , OR ¹⁹ or halogen; wherein R ^{18 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl; and R ^{19 is} hydrogen or C 1 -C ₄ -alkyl; (II.) Spinning the polycondensation product obtained in step (I.) into a Fiber; (III.) Orienting the liquid crystalline segments in the fiber; and (IV.) Processing the fiber obtained in step (III.) Into a textile fabric.