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WO2010072118A1 - Pik3ca基因突变的检测探针、液相芯片及其检测方法 - Google Patents

Pik3ca基因突变的检测探针、液相芯片及其检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2010072118A1
WO2010072118A1 PCT/CN2009/075451 CN2009075451W WO2010072118A1 WO 2010072118 A1 WO2010072118 A1 WO 2010072118A1 CN 2009075451 W CN2009075451 W CN 2009075451W WO 2010072118 A1 WO2010072118 A1 WO 2010072118A1
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seq
probe
mutation
pik3ca gene
microspheres
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许嘉森
郭元杰
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Guangzhou Surexam Bio Tech Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Surexam Bio Tech Co Ltd
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Priority to EP09834071A priority Critical patent/EP2377933A4/en
Priority to US13/141,600 priority patent/US20110312523A1/en
Publication of WO2010072118A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010072118A1/zh
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    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6883Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
    • C12Q1/6886Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6813Hybridisation assays
    • C12Q1/6834Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase
    • C12Q1/6837Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase using probe arrays or probe chips
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    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/156Polymorphic or mutational markers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of molecular biology, and specifically relates to a detection probe for a mutation of a PIK3CA gene, a liquid phase chip and a detection method thereof.
  • the PIK3CA gene is a homologue of the retroviral v- P 3k oncogene in the cell, encoding the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ catalytic subunit of class I A phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks).
  • Class I PI3Ks are heterodimers consisting of a pl lO catalytic subunit and a p85 regulatory subunit, which are receptor tyrosine receptors such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin receptor. Activation of the kinase.
  • P I3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidyl inositol 4, 5-bisphosphate PI (4, 5) P2 , which produces an important second messenger in the cell, phosphatidylinositol (3, 4,5) Triphosphoric acid (phosphatidyl i-3, 4, 5-triphosphate, PIP3).
  • PIP3 activates the AKT pathway, which produces a wide range of biological effects, including regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and cell cycle regulation, involving mTOR (target of rapamycin), BAD, Caspase 9, Tuberin, GSK3 ⁇ and FH (fork head) Numerous target molecules such as a subset of transcription factor families.
  • PIK3CA is the only gene found to be carcinogenic due to somatic mutation. Further studies indicate that most of the PIK3CA gene mutations are concentrated in the helical domain and catalytic domain, and are called "hot spots" of PIK3CA gene mutations. The latest research shows that PIK3CA gene mutations can occur in a variety of malignant tumor cells including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, and gastric cancer.
  • the PI3K pathway has become the main target for major pharmaceutical companies to develop anti-tumor small molecule inhibitors, and the PIK3CA gene has become the main target for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
  • Quinolone, Pyridopyrimidine, Imidazopyridine and other drugs are developed based on the PIK3CA target and the corresponding PI3K pathway.
  • due to the high frequency of mutations in PIK3CA present in tumor cells there are individual differences in the efficacy of various drugs developed for the EGFR gene and the PI3K pathway. Maruyama et al. reported that patients with mutations in the PIK3CA gene had a more prognostic prognosis.
  • PIK3CA gene mutation is an important factor affecting prognosis. Therefore, for cancer patients, especially breast cancer patients, the detection of PIK3CA gene mutation is to achieve individualized treatment of tumors, and it is necessary to maximize the benefit of patients.
  • Direct sequencing has the advantages of direct and intuitive, and can accurately understand the location and type of PIK3CA gene mutation.
  • direct sequencing has problems such as poor sensitivity and low efficiency, which seriously affects its clinical application. Due to the heterogeneity of tumor tissue, even if there is a large number of wild-type genes in the sample of patients with PIK3CA gene mutation, it interferes with the effective detection of PIK3CA gene mutation.
  • the sensitivity of detection by direct sequencing method is probably At 15%-25%; at the same time, direct sequencing is difficult to achieve high-throughput detection, and its timeliness restricts its promotion in clinical diagnosis.
  • the most advanced technique for detecting PIK3CA gene mutations in the world is to use site-specific fluorescence quantitative PCR.
  • the advantage of this method is to improve the detection sensitivity and timeliness of detection.
  • the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR detection technology itself has the problem of high false positive rate, that is, poor specificity, and is also a disease for clinical diagnosis.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide probes for detecting mutations in the PIK3CA gene, and preparations using the probes
  • the PIK3CA gene mutation detection liquid phase chip can be used to detect related mutations in exon 9 and/or exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene, thereby providing a reference for clinical treatment.
  • Probe for PIK3CA gene mutation detection including
  • SEQ ID NO. 3 probe for E545 wild type
  • SEQ ID NO. 4 probe for E545K point mutation
  • SEQ ID NO. 5 probe for E545D point mutation
  • wild type SEQ for E1047 ID NO. 6 probe, SEQ ID NO. 7 probe for E1047R point mutation and/or wild type SEQ for E1047 ID NO. 6 probe, SEQ ID NO. 7 probe for E1047R point mutation.
  • a liquid phase chip for detecting a mutation of a PIK3CA gene comprising: a microsphere coated with a wild-type amino-modified probe for E542 having SEQ ID NO. 1, and a coated with SEQ ID NO. Microspheres of amino acid-modified probes of E542K point mutation; and/or microspheres coated with wild-type amino-modified probes for E545 of SEQ ID NO. 3, coated with E545K points of SEQ ID NO. a microsphere of a mutated amino-modified probe, and a microsphere coated with an amino-modified probe directed against the E545D point mutation of SEQ ID NO. 5; and/or a wild-coated E1047 coated with SEQ ID NO. a microsphere of a amino-modified probe, and a microsphere coated with an amino-modified probe of SEQ ID NO. 7 for the E1047R point mutation;
  • a spacer arm is connected between the base sequence of each of the above probes and the amino group, and each of the above microspheres has a different color code;
  • a primer for amplifying a target sequence having a 9 exon and/or a 20 exon mutation site of PIK3CA, and the end of the target sequence has a biotin label.
  • the primer for amplifying a target sequence having a 9-exon mutation site comprises a primer sequence of SEQ ID NO. 8 to SEQ ID NO. 10, wherein at least one of the primers has a terminal biotin.
  • SEQ ID NO. 11 to SEQ ID NO. 13 primers for amplifying a target sequence having a 20 exon mutation site, wherein at least one of the primers has a terminal biotin label.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a mutation of a PIK3CA gene, which is rapid, accurate, and simple in operation, and can simultaneously detect multiple mutation sites in parallel.
  • a method for detecting a PIK3CA gene mutation in a liquid phase chip using the above PIK3CA gene mutation detection comprises the following steps:
  • the primer pair for performing the first round of PCR amplification is: SEQ ID NO. 8, SEQ ID NO. 9 and/or SEQ ID ⁇ 0 ⁇ 11, SEQ ID NO.
  • Primer pairs for the second round of PCR amplification are performed: SEQ ID NO. 9, SEQ ID NO. 10 and/or SEQ ID NO. 12, SEQ ID NO.
  • the temperature of the hybridization is 55 - 60 °C.
  • the method for preparing each of the microspheres coated with the probe comprises the following steps:
  • PIK3CA gene mutations are mainly concentrated in exon 9 (helical domain) and exon 20 (catalytic domain).
  • amino acid positions E542, E545 and H1047 are called hot spots of PIK3CA mutation.
  • the present invention selects mutations of E542, E545 and H1047 with the highest mutation rates for detection.
  • the PIK3CA gene mutation detection liquid phase chip provided by the invention can simultaneously detect the sites with relatively high frequency of PIK3CA gene mutation, or can be detected separately, the reaction conditions are uniform when the detection, and the detection steps are simple. In terms of timeliness of detection, it is far superior to the commonly used direct sequencing technology. At the same time, parallel detection of multiple sites achieves high throughput of detection.
  • the invention adopts the enzymatic digestion enrichment method to carry out PCR amplification of the target sequence and is used for detection, thereby avoiding interference caused by a large number of wild type sequences in the product, thereby greatly improving the sensitivity of detection. It is unmatched by existing detection technologies.
  • the invention realizes the effective combination of the enzyme digestion and enrichment technology and the liquid phase chip technology, avoids the problem of high false positive rate in the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and greatly improves the specificity and accuracy of the detection.
  • the various probes designed by the present invention are capable of performing hybridization reactions under uniform reaction conditions, and substantially no non-specific binding exists between the various probes; the designed probe has high specificity in detection, The signal to noise ratio is high. At the same time, the combination of multiple probes allows the liquid phase chip and detection method to form a system with good detection results. detailed description
  • the spacer arm described above is a sequence for spacing a specific probe from the surface of the microsphere or placing the specific probe in a hydrophilic environment.
  • a spacer sequence of an appropriate length between the probe sequence and the amino group By arranging a spacer sequence of an appropriate length between the probe sequence and the amino group, steric hindrance can be reduced, the efficiency of the hybridization reaction, and the specificity of the hybridization reaction can be improved.
  • Common spacer sequences include poly dT, ie poly
  • the spacer arm of the present invention preferably has 5-30 T, more preferably 10 1 ⁇ . In China, the synthetic technology of hydrazine is relatively mature and the cost is relatively low.
  • Coupling solution ( ⁇ 4.5): 0. lmol/L MES (Sigma M-2933) Washing solution: 0.2ml/L Tween-20 (Sigma P-9416), lg/L SDS (Sigma L-4390)
  • oligonucleotide probes were designed for the wild type and mutant sequences of exon 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene.
  • the 5' end of the probe is an amino group followed by a 10 T spacer.
  • the probe was synthesized by Shanghai Shenggong Bioengineering Technology Service Co., Ltd.
  • the probes were coupled together with co-valent binding to different color-coded microspheres (purchased from Luminex) (coating process).
  • PE9-S1 9 GCAGGAGAAAGATTTTCTATGG
  • PE9-AS2 10 CTTCTCGGGATACAGACCAAT
  • PE9-S1 9 GCAGGAGAAAGATTTTCTATGG
  • the primers were synthesized by Shanghai Shenggong Bioengineering Technology Co., Ltd. Biotin labeling was added to the 5' end of PE9-AS2 and PE20-AS2, respectively.
  • PE20- S1 and PE20-AS1 were used for the first round of PCR amplification of exon 20, and PE20-S 1 and biotinylated PE20-AS2 were used for the second round of PCR amplification of exon 20.
  • the prepared PIK3CA gene mutation detection liquid phase chip includes:
  • Microspheres coated with a wild-type amino-modified probe of E542 having SEQ ID NO. 1 microspheres coated with an amino-modified probe of SEQ ID NO. 2 for E542K point mutation, coated with SEQ Microspheres of wild type amino-modified probe against E545 of ID NO. 3, microspheres coated with an amino-modified probe for E545K point mutation of SEQ ID NO. 4, coated with SEQ ID NO.
  • the microsphere of the amino-modified probe wherein the base sequence of each of the above probes is connected to the amino group with a spacer arm, and each microsphere has a different color code;
  • DNA extraction from breast cancer tissue samples 5-50 mg of tissue specimens after breast cancer surgery, after grinding, washed twice with PBS solution of pH 7.4; washed tissue samples were resuspended in 1 ml of digestive juice (50 mmol/ L Tris, lmmo/L N3 ⁇ 4EDTA, 0. 5 % Tween-20, 200 ug/ml proteinase K 200, pH 8.
  • Enzyme-enriched PCR amplification of ⁇ 542 and ⁇ 545 mutants on exon 9 is as follows:
  • PE9-AS1 0 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1 ( 20 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ PE9-S1 0.5 ⁇ 1 (20 mol/L)
  • the enzyme was incubated at 37 ° C for 2 hours and at 65 ° C for 20 minutes.
  • the reaction system of E545 digestion is as follows:
  • Biotin-PE9 - As2 0 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1 (20 ⁇ 1/1)
  • Enzymatic digestion of the E1047 mutant on exon 20 PCR amplification is as follows:
  • the reaction system is as follows:
  • Biotin-PE20-As2 0 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1 (20 ⁇ 1/1)
  • 5 of the 10 samples detected in this example have point mutations, of which sample No. 2 is E542K, sample No. 3 is mutant E545D, and sample No. 5 and No. 8 are E1047R.
  • the sample mutation type 9 is E542K.
  • Example 3 PIK3CA gene mutation detection liquid crystal chip detection sensitivity experiment
  • the results of the test are shown in Table 2. (The detection of the fluorescence value MFI value is greater than 100, which is judged to be positive, and is effectively detected.)
  • the results of the detection indicate that the liquid phase chip is detected by the PIK3CA gene mutation of the present invention, and the enzymatic digestion enrichment technique and The liquid-phase chip technology can effectively detect 5 copies of the mutant DNA in 5000 copies of the wild-type DNA, and the detection sensitivity is at least 0.1%. Meanwhile, the detection method of the present invention can detect the lowest 5 One copy of the mutant DNA.

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Description

PIK3CA基因突变的检测探针、 液相芯片及其检测方法
技术领域
本发明属于分子生物学领域, 具体的是涉及 PIK3CA基因突变的检测探针、液相芯片及 其检测方法。 技术背景
PIK3CA基因是逆转录病毒 v-P3k癌基因在细胞内的同系物, 编码 IA类磷脂酰肌醇 3 激酶(phosphatidyl inositol 3- kinases, PI3Ks) 的 ρΐ ΐθ α催化亚单位。 I类 PI3Ks是由 一个 pl lO催化亚单位和一个 p85调节亚单位组成的异源二聚体, 可受表皮生长因子受体 ( epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) 、 胰岛素受体等受体酪氨酸激酶的激活。 活化的 P I3Ks 磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇 4, 5-二磷酸 [ phosphatidyl inositol 4, 5-bisphosphate PI (4, 5) P2 ], 生成细胞内的重要第二信使——磷脂酰肌醇(3,4,5) 三磷酸 ( phosphatidyl i-3, 4, 5 -triphosphate, PIP3 ) 。 PIP3可激活 AKT通路, 从而产生广 泛的生物学效应, 包括调节细胞增殖、 存活和细胞周期调控等, 涉及 mTOR ( target of rapamycin) 、 BAD、 Caspase 9、 Tuberin、 GSK3 β 禾口 FH ( fork head) 转录因子家族亚 群等众多的靶分子。
对 PI3K家族全部 16个成员的激酶结构域外显子编码区域进行序列分析显示, PIK3CA 是唯一被发现由体细胞突变引起致癌的基因。进一步的研究指出, 大部分 PIK3CA基因突变 集中在螺旋结构域和催化结构域, 被称为 PIK3CA基因突变的 "热点" 。 最新的研究表明, PIK3CA基因突变可发生在包括乳腺癌、 卵巢癌、 结直肠癌、 肺癌、 肝癌、 胃癌等多种恶性 肿瘤细胞中。 目前, PI3K通路已经成为各大医药公司开发抗肿瘤小分子抑制剂的主要靶标, 而 PIK3CA基因也成为了肿瘤诊断及治疗的主要靶点。目前, Quinolone、Pyridopyrimidine、 Imidazopyridine等药物均是根据 PIK3CA靶点和相应的 PI3K通路而开发的。 然而, 由于 PIK3CA在肿瘤细胞中存在的突变的高频性, 各种针对 EGFR基因以及 PI3K通路而开发的药 物疗效存在着个体差异。 Maruyama等研究报道, 存在 PIK3CA基因突变的患者其预后更为 积极。 而有的研究者则指出, 在乳腺癌中, PIK3CA中不同的基因突变位点其预后也不同。 外显子 9 (螺旋结构域) 上的突变的患者预后比野生型个体要差, 而外显子 20 (催化结构 域)上的突变相对与野生型个体具有积极的预后。尽管 PIK3CA基因突变对肿瘤患者的治疗 预后的尚未定论,但这些研究都提示着 PIK3CA基因突变是影响预后的一个重要因素。因此, 对肿瘤患者尤其是乳腺癌患者, 进行 PIK3CA基因突变的检测是实现肿瘤个体化治疗, 让患 者最大程度的受益就显得十分必要了。 当前, 国内外进行 PIK3CA基因突变检测的主要方法是进行组织 DNA样本的直接测序。 直接测序法具有直接和直观等优点,能够确切的了解 PIK3CA基因突变的位点和类型,然而, 直接测序法存在着灵敏度差和效率低等问题, 严重的影响了其在临床上的应用。 由于肿瘤 组织存在着异质性的问题,即使存在 PIK3CA基因突变的患者样本中也含有大量的野生型基 因, 从而干扰了 PIK3CA基因突变的有效检出, 目前直接测序法可以达到的检测的灵敏度大 概为 15 %-25 %; 同时, 直接测序法难以实现高通量的检测, 其时效性严重的制约了其在 临床诊断中推广。国际上最先进的检测 PIK3CA基因突变的技术是采用位点特异的荧光定量 PCR, 该方法的优势在于提高了检测灵敏度和检测的时效性。但实时荧光定量 PCR检测技术 本身存在着假阳性率高亦即特异性差的问题, 也为临床诊断所诟病。
因此, PIK3CA基因突变的检测要成为一项临床常规检测技术,必须建立一种灵敏度高、 特异性好并且能够实现高通量检测的简便易行的检测新技术, 是各级医院都有条件开展这 一基因诊断项目。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供用于 PIK3CA基因突变检测的探针, 以及应用这些探针所制备的
PIK3CA基因突变检测液相芯片。 该液相芯片可用于检测 PIK3CA基因外显子 9和 /或外显子 20上的相关突变, 从而为临床治疗提供参考。
实现上述目的的技术方案如下:
用于 PIK3CA基因突变检测的探针: 包括有
针对 E542的野生型的 SEQ ID NO. 1探针和针对 E542K点突变的 SEQ ID NO. 2探针; 和
/或针对 E545野生型的 SEQ ID NO. 3探针, 针对 E545K点突变的 SEQ ID NO. 4探针和针对 E545D点突变的 SEQ ID NO. 5探针;和 /或针对 E1047的野生型 SEQ ID NO. 6探针、针对 E1047R 点突变的 SEQ ID NO. 7探针。
一种 PIK3CA基因突变检测的液相芯片,主要包括有:包被有 SEQ ID NO. 1的、针对 E542 的野生型氨基修饰探针的微球、 和包被有 SEQ ID NO. 2的、 针对 E542K点突变的氨基修饰 探针的微球; 和 /或包被有于 SEQ ID NO. 3的针对 E545的野生型氨基修饰探针的微球、 包 被有 SEQ ID NO. 4的针对 E545K点突变的氨基修饰探针的微球、 以及包被有 SEQ ID NO. 5 的针对 E545D点突变的氨基修饰探针的微球; 和 /或包被有 SEQ ID NO. 6的、 针对 E1047的 野生型氨基修饰探针的微球、 和包被有 SEQ ID NO. 7的、 针对 E1047R点突变的氨基修饰探 针的微球;
上述每种探针的碱基序列与氨基之间连接有间隔臂, 上述每种微球具有不同颜色编码; 以及用于扩增出具有 PIK3CA的 9外显子和 /或 20外显子突变位点的目标序列的引物, 且该目标序列的末端具有生物素标记。
优选地,用于扩增出具有 9外显子突变位点的目标序列的引物包括有 SEQ ID NO.8〜SEQ ID NO.10 引物序列, 所述引物中至少有一条带有末端的生物素标记; 和 /或用于扩增出具 有 20外显子突变位点的目标序列的 SEQ ID NO.11〜SEQ ID NO.13引物 , 所述引物中至少 有一条带有末端的生物素标记。
本发明的另一目的还在于提供一种 PIK3CA基因突变的检测方法, 该方法快速、 准确、 操作简便, 可同时并行检测多个突变位点。
一种使用上述 PIK3CA基因突变检测的液相芯片 PIK3CA基因突变的检测方法, 包括以 下步骤:
(1) 提取待检测样本中的 DNA后, 以用于扩增出具有 PIK3CA基因 9外显子和 /或 20 外显子突变位点的目标序列的引物进行第一轮 PCR扩增;
(2) 酶切富集第一轮 PCR扩增产物;
(3) 以酶切产物为模板进行第二轮 PCR扩增;
(4) 第二轮 PCR扩增产物与上述包被有探针序列的微球进行杂交;
(5) 杂交反应后加入链霉亲和素-藻红蛋白进行反应, 然后通过 Luminex仪器检测信 号。
优选地, 进行第一轮 PCR扩增用的引物对为: SEQ ID NO.8、 SEQ ID NO.9和 /或 SEQ ID Ν0· 11、 SEQ ID NO.12。
进行第二轮 PCR扩增用的引物对: SEQ ID NO.9、 SEQ ID NO.10和 /或 SEQ ID NO.12、 SEQ ID NO.13。
优选地, 杂交的温度为 55— 60°C。
优选地, 每种包被有探针的微球的制备方法包括步骤如下:
(1) 取微球母液, 涡旋, 充分混匀成微球悬液;
(2) 取出 8μ1微球母液, 共含 0.8X 105— 1.2X 105个微球至 0.5ml离心管中;
(3) 10, OOOrpm离心 2〜5min, 弃去上清液;
(4) 加入 10 μ 1偶联液 (ρΗ4.5), 涡旋使之充分混匀;
(5) 加入 2ρπιο1/μ 1探针工作液 2μ 1;
(6) 加入 2.5μ1 5mg/ml 的 EDC工作液, 25°C孵育 30min; 重复该步骤一次;
(7) 加入 0.2ml 洗涤液, 涡旋使之充分混匀, 10,000rpm离心 2〜5min, 弃去上 清液; 重复该步骤一次; (8) 加入 500μ 1ΤΕ溶液, 涡旋使之充分混匀;
(9) 10, OOOrpm离心 2〜5min, 弃去上清液;
(10) 加入 17μ 1ΤΕ溶液, 涡旋使之充分混匀, 微球浓度应约为 5X103个 /μ 1;
(11) 取 2μ 1, 用水稀释 50倍, 计数, 储存于 2-8°C。
根据现有的研究, PIK3CA基因突变主要集中在外显子 9 (螺旋结构域)和外显子 20 (催 化结构域) 上, 特别的, 氨基酸位点 E542、 E545 和 H1047 被称为 PIK3CA 突变的热点
(Hot-spot) , 约占所有 PIK3CA点突变的 80%。 为此, 本发明选择突变率最高的 E542、 E545和 H1047的突变情况进行检测。
本发明的主要优点在于:
(1)采用本发明提供的 PIK3CA基因突变检测液相芯片, 可同时对 PIK3CA基因突变相 对频率较高的位点进行检测, 也可以各自单独进行检测, 检测时的反应条件均一, 检测步 骤简单, 在检测时效性上远远优于常用的直接测序技术, 同时, 多位点的并行检测实现了 检测的高通量。
(2)本发明采用酶切富集的方法进行目标序列的 PCR扩增进而用于检测, 避免了产物 中大量野生型序列对检测结果所造成的干扰, 从而极大的提高了检测的灵敏度, 是现有检 测技术所无法比拟的。
(3) 本发明实现了酶切富集技术和液相芯片技术的有效结合, 避免了实时荧光定量 PCR存在的假阳性率高的问题, 大大的提高了检测的特异性和准确率。
(4)本发明所设计的各种探针, 能够在均一的反应条件下进行杂交反应, 且各种探针 之间基本不存在非特异性结合; 所设计的探针在检测中特异性好、 信噪比高。 同时, 多种 探针的组合使用使液相芯片和检测方法形成一个检测效果完好的系统。 具体实施方式
以上所述间隔臂为用于将特异性的探针与微球表面间隔开来或是将特异性探针置于亲 水性环境中的序列。 通过在探针序列与氨基之间设置适当长度的间隔臂序列, 可减少空间 位阻,提高杂交反应的效率以及杂交反应的特异性。常见的间隔臂序列包括多聚 dT,即 poly
(dT), 寡聚四聚乙二醇以及 (CH2) n间隔臂 (n 3), 如 (CH2) 12、 (CH2) 18等。 另夕卜, 如果存在 poly (dA) 干扰, 还可以用 poly (TTG) 作为间隔臂。 本发明间隔臂优选为 5— 30个 T, 更优选为 10个1\ 在中国, Τ的合成技术比较成熟, 成本相对较低。
溶液配方:
偶联液 (ΡΗ4.5): 0. lmol/L MES (Sigma M-2933) 洗涤液: 0.2ml/L Tween-20 (Sigma P-9416), lg/L SDS (Sigma L-4390)
TE (pH8.0) (储存液): lOmmol/L Tris (Sigma 337501), lmmol/L EDTA (Sigma E- 5134)
2XTm杂交缓冲液
Figure imgf000006_0001
过滤后贮存于 4°C
lXTm杂交缓冲液
Figure imgf000006_0002
过滤后贮存于 4°C。 实施例 1
PIK3CA基因突变检测的液相芯片的制备
一、 探针序列设计及微球包被
针对 PIK3CA基因外显子 9、 20的野生型与突变型序列, 设计特异的寡核苷酸探针。 探 针的 5' 端为一个氨基基团, 接着是一个 10个 T的间隔臂。 探针由上海生工生物工程技术 服务有限公司合成。 探针分别与不同颜色编码的微球 (购自 Luminex公司) 通过共价结合 偶联在一起 (包被过程)。
每种微球包被的具体步骤如下:
( 1 ) 取微球母液 (购自 Luminex公司) 于涡旋仪上震荡成微球悬液;
(2) 取出 8ul微球母液, 共含 0.8X 105— 1.2X 105个微球至 0.5ml离心管中;
(3) 10, OOOrpm离心 2min, 弃去上清液;
(4) 加入 lOul偶联液 (pH4.5), 涡旋使之充分混匀;
(5) 加入 2pmol/ul探针工作液 2ul;
(6) 加入 2.5ul 浓度为 5mg/ml 的 EDC (1-乙基- (3-二甲基氨基丙基) -碳酰二亚 胺盐酸盐) 工作液, 25°C孵育 30min; 重复该步骤一次;
(7) 加入 0.2ml 洗涤液, 涡旋使之充分混匀, 10, OOOrpm离心 2min, 弃去上清液; 重复该步骤一次;
( 8 ) 加入 500ulTE溶液, 涡旋使之充分混匀;
( 9 ) 10, OOOrpm离心 2min, 弃去上清液;
( 10 ) 加入 20ulTE溶液, 储存于 2-8°C。
探针序列如下表所示:
Figure imgf000007_0001
引物设计与标记
针对 PIK3CA基因外显子 9和外显子 20的基因序列, 分别设计如下引物: 引物名称 SEQ ID. NO 引物序列 (5 ' →3 ' , bp ) 大小 (bp )
PE9-AS1 8 GGAACTTTACCACACTGCTGAACC
221
PE9-S1 9 GCAGGAGAAAGATTTTCTATGG
PE9-AS2 10 CTTCTCGGGATACAGACCAAT
167
PE9-S1 9 GCAGGAGAAAGATTTTCTATGG
PE20-AS1 11 CCTTGTAACACATCTCCTG
252
PE20-S1 12 GGATCTTCCACACAATTAAACAG
PE20-AS2 13 ATTGTAGTTCTGGCATTCC
168
PE20-S1 12 GGATCTTCCACACAATTAAACAG 引物由上海生工生物工程技术有限公司合成。 PE9-AS2与 PE20-AS2的 5 ' 端分别加上生 物素标记。 其中, PE9-S1与用 PE9-AS1于外显子 9的第一轮 PCR扩增, PE9-S1与生物素标记的 PE9-AS2用于外显子 9的第二轮 PCR扩增; PE20-S1与 PE20-AS1用于外显子 20的第一轮 PCR扩 增, PE20-S 1与生物素标记的 PE20-AS2用于外显子 20的第二轮 PCR扩增。
制备得到的 PIK3CA基因突变检测液相芯片包括有:
包被有 SEQ ID NO. 1的、 针对 E542的野生型氨基修饰探针的微球、 包被有 SEQ ID NO. 2 的、 针对 E542K点突变的氨基修饰探针的微球、 包被有 SEQ ID NO. 3的针对 E545的野生型 氨基修饰探针的微球、 包被有 SEQ ID NO. 4的针对 E545K点突变的氨基修饰探针的微球、 包被有 SEQ ID NO. 5的针对 E545D点突变的氨基修饰探针的微球、 包被有 SEQ ID NO. 6的、 针对 E1047的野生型氨基修饰探针的微球、 和包被有 SEQ ID NO. 7的、 针对 E1047R点突变 的氨基修饰探针的微球, 上述每种探针的碱基序列与氨基之间连接有间隔臂, 且每种微球 具有不同颜色编码; 以及
SEQ ID NO. 8- 10和 SEQ ID NO. 11— 13的引物序列, 其中 SEQ ID NO. 10与 SEQ ID NO. 13 碱基序列的 5 ' 端分别加上生物素标记。 实施例 2
运用实施例 1中的 PIK3CA基因突变检测液相芯片对乳腺癌组织样本进行检测
一、 待测样本的准备
乳腺癌组织样本中 DNA的提取: 取乳腺癌术后的组织标本 5-50mg, 研磨后, 用 pH7. 4 的 PBS溶液洗涤 2次; 洗涤后的组织标本重悬于 1ml 的消化液 (50mmol/L Tris, lmmo/L N¾EDTA, 0. 5 % Tween-20, 200ug/ml 的蛋白酶 K 200, pH 8. 5), 55°C水浴消化 1小时, 99°C水浴 15min灭活蛋白酶 K; 12000转 /分钟离心 10分钟; 取上清, 通过酚-氯仿-异戊醇 法抽提, 乙醇沉淀法获得用于 PCR反应的 DNA样品。 也可通过微量离心柱法提取 DNA; 二、 待测样品的 PCR扩增与酶切富集:
( 1 ) 样本 DNA的 PCR扩增与酶切富集
外显子 9上 Ε542、 Ε545突变型的酶切富集 PCR扩增如下:
1. 第一轮 PCR扩增
PCR反应体系:
lO X TureStart DNA polymerase Buffer 2. 5μ1
2. 5mM dNTP混合液 2μ1
PE9-AS1 0· 5μ1 ( 20μπιο1/υ PE9-S1 0.5μ1 (20 mol/L)
TureStart Taq DNA polymerase 0.5μ1 (21Ι/μ1) 模板 DNA Ιμΐ 加入灭菌双蒸水至 25μ1
PCR反应条件: 步骤 时间 循环次数 预变性 95 "C 5 min 变性 95 "C 30 sec 退火 58 "C 30 sec 20 延伸 72 "C 45 sec 最后延伸 72 10 minCR产物酶切:
Ε542酶切的反应体系如下:
10XNEB Buffer 4 Ιμΐ PCR产物 3μ1
Hpyl88 I 0.5μ1 (lOU/μΙ) 加入灭菌双蒸水至
37°C温育 2小时, 65°C20分钟灭活酶。
E545酶切的反应体系如下:
10XNEB Buffer 4
PCR产物 3μ1
TspR I 0.5μ1 (lOU/μΙ)
100XBSA 0. lul 加入灭菌双蒸水至 ΙΟμΙ 65°C温育 2小时。 第二轮 PCR扩增
PCR反应体系:
lOXTureStart DNA polymerase Buffer 2.5μ1
2.5mMdNTP混合液 2μ1
PE9 - SI 0.5μ1 (20 mol/L)
Biotin-PE9 - As2 0· 5μ1 (20μπιο1/1)
TureStart Taq DNA polymerase 0.5μ1 (21Ι/μ1) 酶切产物 Ιμΐ
加入灭菌双蒸水至 25μ1
PCR反应条件: 步骤 温度 时间 循环次数 预变性 95 "C 5 min 1 变性 95 "C 30 sec 退火 59 V 30 sec 30 延伸 72 。C 45sec 最后延伸 72 "C 10 min 1
外显子 20上 E1047突变型的酶切富集 PCR扩增如下:
第一轮 PCR扩增
PCR反应体系:
lOXTureStart DNA polymerase Buffer 2.5μ1
2.5mMdNTP混合液 2μ1
ΡΕ20 - SI 0· 25μ1 (20μπιο1/υ
ΡΕ20 - Asl 0· 25μ1 (20μπιο1/υ
TureStart Taq DNA polymerase 0.5μ1 (21Ι/μ1) 模板 DNA Ιμΐ
加入灭菌双蒸水至 25μ1 PCR反应条件: 循环次数
Figure imgf000011_0001
退火 53 °C 30 sec 20 延伸 72 °C 45 sec 最后延伸 72 °C 10 min CR产物 BsaBI 酶切:
反应体系如下:
10 X NEB Buffer 2 Ιμΐ
PCR产物 3μ1
BsaBI 0.5μ1 (lOU/μΙ) 加无酶水至 ΙΟμΙ
60 °C 温育 2小时, 80°C 20分钟灭活酶 第二轮 PCR扩增
PCR反应体系:
lOXTureStart DNA polymerase Buffer 2.5μ1 2.5mM dNTP混合液 Ιμΐ
Biotin-PE20-As2 0· 5μ1 (20μπιο1/1)
PE20-S1 0.5μ1 (20μπιο1/υ
TureStart Taq DNA polymerase 0.5μ1 (21Ι/μ1) 酶切产物 Ιμΐ
加入灭菌双蒸水至 25μ1 PCR反应条件: 步骤 时间 循环次数 预变性 5 min 1 变性 30 sec 退火 30 sec 30 延伸 45 sec 最后延伸 10 min
三、 杂交与上机检测
( 1 ) 将包被有探针 E542P、 E542K-P、 E545-P, E545K-P, E545D-P, E1047-P, E1047R-P, 阴性对照探针 (N-P) 的微球分别涡旋混匀;
( 2) 用 1. 5 X Tm杂交缓冲液配制含有包被有探针的混合微球工作液, 使溶液中每种微球 浓度为 75个 /ul ;
( 3) 将混合微球工作液涡旋混匀;
(4) 每孔加入对应的 33ul混合微球工作液,使反应体系中最终含有每种微球各约 2000〜 2500个;
( 5) 背景孔加入 17ul TE (pH8. 0 ); 其他每孔分别加入每个样本的第二轮 PCR产物各 2-17ul, 补加 TE至 17ul ; 轻轻混匀; 盖上反应板 (管盖) 防止蒸发;
(6) 设置 PCR仪程序: 95°C 5min; 60°C杂交孵育 15min;
( 7) 用 1 X Tm杂交缓冲液配制 SA-PE至 10ug/ml ( 25ul/孔);
(8) 每孔加入 25ul SA-PE (链亲和素藻红蛋白) 工作液;
(9) 马上置于杂交温度 (60°C ), 孵育 5min;
( 10) 将 Luminex仪器设置到杂交温度, 读数。 四、 检测结果与数据分析
反应后产物通过 Luminex系列分析仪器检测, 检测结果如表 1所示。 在此之前, 我们 首先采用野生型 DNA (非特异性) 的样本进行检测, 记录每次检测荧光值, 取突变型 (特 异性) 探针微球上的荧光值的平均值加上 5倍标准差 (Mean + 5*SD) 作为每个突变检测的 cut-off值。 根据这一方法确定的 E542K-P、 E545K-P、 E545D-P和 E1047R-P探针的 cutoff 值均接近 100, 因此, 将本 PIK3CA基因突变检测液相芯片各探针的 cutoff值确定为 100。 根据这一判定标准, 本实施例所检测的 10份样本中, 5例存在点突变, 其中 2号样本 突变型为 E542K, 3号样本为突变型 E545D, 5号、 8号样本突变型为 E1047R, 9号样本突 变型为 E542K。
同时, 我们将检测样本进行测序法检测 (见表 2), 其中 2号样本测序法难以判别是否 存在突变(测序出现杂峰, 我们从液相芯片检测结果也可以看到, 探针 E545-P也有一定的 响应值, MFI值为 787, 而探针 E545K-P检测值为 209, 说明该样本中存在异质性且突变型 DNA比例较低), 其余 9个样本测序情况均与本实施例中检测判定的结果一致, 符合率达到 100 % , 即使加上测序无法判别的样本, 符合率也达到 90 %。 而本实验也充分说明, 本发 明所提供的 PIK3CA基因突变检测液相芯片及检测方法不仅可以同时检测突变类型,而且具 有很高的检测准确率和特异性, 其检测的灵敏度明显优于测序法的检测 (2 号样本测序法 无法判读)。
表 1样本的检测结果 样品号 阴性对照 E542-P E542K-P E545-P E545K-P E545D-P E1047-P E1047R-P
NO. (MFI ) (MFI ) (MFI ) (MFI ) (MFI ) (MFI ) (MFI ) (MFI )
1 27 1223 28 1434 15 41 1275 69
2 13 1304 35 787 209 22 1453 27
3 18 1442 28 1254 63 951 1132 41
4 7. 5 1251 26 1534 15 33 1417. 5 43
5 23 1534 35. 5 1221 45 18. 5 428. 5 754
6 14 1147. 5 41 1332 37 25 1041 24
7 19. 5 1531 26 1121. 2 36 12 1245 27
8 22 1436 51 1426 42. 5 15 117 581
9 8. 5 520. 5 1171 1234 21 43. 5 1316 18. 7
10 13. 5 14 27 1423 28. 5 14. 5 1136 41 表 2 样本检测结果对比分析
Figure imgf000014_0001
实施例 3、 PIK3CA基因突变检测液相芯片检测灵敏度实验
为了检测本液相芯片的检测灵敏度, 设计在 PIK3CA野生型 DNA中检测突变型 DNA的能 力, 即考察本液相芯片系统所能检测的突变型 DNA的最低比例。 本实验各组样本中野生型 DNA、 突变型 DNA的拷贝数如表 2所示。 每组实验都进行重复实验。 本实施例中样本的第一 轮 PCR、 酶切反应、 第二轮 PCR反应以及 luminex检测与实施例 2所述步骤相同。
表 3 PIK3CA基因突变检测液相芯片灵敏度检测结果
Figure imgf000015_0001
检测的结果表 2所示 (检测荧光值 MFI值大于 100即判定为阳性, 为有效检出。) 检测的结果表明: 采用本发明的 PIK3CA基因突变检测液相芯片, 将酶切富集技术和液 相芯片技术有效结合, 可以在 5000拷贝的野生型 DNA中检出 5个拷贝数的突变型 DNA, 检 测灵敏度至少为 0. 1 %, 同时, 采用本发明的检测方法, 可以最低检测出 5个拷贝的突变 型 DNA。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 用于 PIK3CA基因突变检测的探针, 其特征在于, 包括有: 针对 E542的野生型的 SEQ ID NO. 1探针和针对 E542K点突变的 SEQ ID NO. 2探针;和 /或针对 E545野生型的 SEQ ID NO. 3 探针、 针对 E545K点突变的 SEQ ID NO. 4探针和针对 E545D点突变的 SEQ ID NO. 5探针; 和 /或针对 E1047的野生型 SEQ ID NO. 6探针、 针对 E1047R点突变的 SEQ ID NO. 7探针。
2. 一种 PIK3CA基因突变检测的液相芯片, 其特征在于, 主要包括有:
包被有 SEQ ID NO. 1的针对 E542的野生型氨基修饰探针的微球,和包被有 SEQ ID NO. 2 的针对 E542K点突变的氨基修饰探针的微球; 和 /或包被有 SEQ ID NO. 3的针对 E545的 野生型氨基修饰探针的微球、 包被有 SEQ ID NO. 4的针对 E545K点突变的氨基修饰探针 的微球、 以及包被有 SEQ ID NO. 5的针对 E545D点突变的氨基修饰探针的微球; 和 /或 包被有 SEQ ID NO. 6的针对 E1047的野生型氨基修饰探针的微球, 和包被有 SEQ ID NO. 7的、 针对 E1047R点突变的氨基修饰探针的微球;
上述每种探针的碱基序列与氨基之间连接有间隔臂,上述每种微球具有不同颜色编 码;
以及用于扩增出具有 PIK3CA的 9外显子和 /或 20外显子突变位点的目标序列的引 物, 且该目标序列的末端具有生物素标记。 3. 根据权利要求 2所述的 PIK3CA基因突变检测的液相芯片, 其特征在于: 所述间隔臂为
5— 30个丁。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的 PIK3CA基因突变检测的液相芯片, 其特征在于: 用于扩增出具 有 9外显子突变位点的目标序列的引物包括有 SEQ ID NO. 8〜SEQ ID NO. 10引物序列, 所述引物中至少有一条带有末端的生物素标记;和 /或用于扩增出具有 20外显子突变位 点的目标序列的 SEQ ID NO. 11〜SEQ ID NO. 13引物 , 所述引物中至少有一条带有末端 的生物素标记。
5. —种 PIK3CA基因突变的检测方法, 其特征在于: 使用权利要求 2所述的 PIK3CA基因突 变检测的液相芯片, 包括以下步骤: 1) 提取待检测样本中的 DNA, 以用于扩增出具有 9外显子和 /或 20外显子突变位点的 目标序列的引物进行第一轮 PCR扩增;
2) 酶切富集第一轮 PCR扩增产物;
3) 以酶切产物为模板进行第二轮 PCR扩增;
4) 第二轮 PCR扩增产物与对应的权利要求 2中所述包被有探针的微球进行杂交;
5) 杂交反应后加入链霉亲和素-藻红蛋白进行反应, 然后检测信号。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的 PIK3CA基因突变的检测方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 1)第一轮 PCR 扩增用的引物对的碱基序列为: SEQ ID NO.8、 SEQ ID NO.9和 /或 SEQ ID NO.11、 SEQ ID NO.12;
步骤 3)第二轮 PCR扩增用的引物对的碱基序列为: SEQ ID NO.9、 SEQ ID NO.10和 /或 SEQ ID NO.12、 SEQ ID NO.13。
7. 根据权利要求 5所述的 PIK3CA基因突变的检测方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 4)所述杂交温 度为 55— 60°C。
8. 根据权利要求 5所述的 PIK3CA基因突变的检测方法, 其特征在于: 每种所述包被有探 针的微球的制备方法包括步骤如下:
(1) 取微球母液充分混匀成微球悬液;
(2) 取出 8μ1微球母液, 共含 0.8 X 105— 1.2 X 105个微球至 0.5ml离心管中;
(3) 10, OOOrpm离心 2〜5min, 弃去上清液;
(4) 加入 10 μΐ偶联液, 涡旋使之充分混匀;
(5) 加入 2ρπιο1/μ 1探针工作液 2μ 1;
(6) 加入 2·5μ1 5mg/ml 的 EDC工作液, 25°C孵育 30min; 重复该步骤一次;
(7) 加入 0.2ml 洗涤液, 涡旋使之充分混匀, 10,000rpm离心 2〜5min, 弃去上清 液; 重复该步骤一次;
(8) 加入 500μ1ΤΕ溶液, 涡旋使之充分混匀;
(9) 10, OOOrpm离心 2〜5min, 弃去上清液;
(10) 加入 17μ1ΤΕ溶液, 涡旋使之充分混匀, 微球浓度应约为 5X103个 /μ 1;
(11) 取 2μ1, 用水稀释 50倍, 计数, 储存于 2-8°C。
PCT/CN2009/075451 2008-12-23 2009-12-10 Pik3ca基因突变的检测探针、液相芯片及其检测方法 Ceased WO2010072118A1 (zh)

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