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WO2010060678A1 - Procédé et dispositif permettant de fabriquer un fil pour gazon - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif permettant de fabriquer un fil pour gazon Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010060678A1
WO2010060678A1 PCT/EP2009/063291 EP2009063291W WO2010060678A1 WO 2010060678 A1 WO2010060678 A1 WO 2010060678A1 EP 2009063291 W EP2009063291 W EP 2009063291W WO 2010060678 A1 WO2010060678 A1 WO 2010060678A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber bundle
winding
godet
yarn
monofilaments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2009/063291
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Siegfried Behnert
Frank Heymann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
Publication of WO2010060678A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010060678A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D13/00—Complete machines for producing artificial threads
    • D01D13/02—Elements of machines in combination
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
    • D02G3/28—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads
    • D02G3/283—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads using hollow spindles through which one yarn is running
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/445—Yarns or threads for use in floor fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/20—Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles
    • D10B2505/202—Artificial grass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a grass yarn for use of artificial turf according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for producing a grass yarn according to the preamble of claim 10.
  • grass yarns which have a composite of several monofilaments or foil tapes.
  • the grass yarn is preferably processed in a tufting process to an artificial grass carpet.
  • the monofilaments or film tapes have sufficient cohesion within the grass yarn.
  • EP 0 648 868 A1 discloses a process for producing grass yarns in which the monofilaments are first produced in an extrusion process. The grass yarn is then formed by twisting several monofilaments.
  • the cohesion of the fiber bundle is achieved by a rotation of several monofilaments, but also lost the desired for an artificial grass band-like structure of the monofilaments and is helical.
  • a sufficient cohesion of the fiber bundle for the further treatment can only be achieved by a very intensive twisting of the individual monofilaments.
  • EP 1 728 902 discloses a method in which the grass yarn is produced in a process.
  • the composite of filaments after extrusion and drawing is produced by stuffer box crimping. Following this, the grass yarn is wound into a spool.
  • this process also has the disadvantage that kinking of the monofilaments produces kinks in the monofilaments which have a very negative influence on the setting up behavior of the monofilaments in a pile.
  • a slight cohesion between the individual monofilaments is achieved by the crimping of the monofilaments, which are usually produced in the form of strips.
  • This object is achieved for a method according to the invention in that the fiber bundle is wrapped before winding with a composite thread and that the fiber bundle is wound together with the composite thread to form a coil.
  • the object is achieved in that the winding device is preceded by a Umwinde worn in the yarn path through which a fiber bundle formed from a plurality Monof ⁇ lamenten or film tapes with a composite thread is wrapped.
  • the invention is based on the reservation to combine a discontinuous wrapping process with a continuous extrusion process.
  • a discontinuous wrapping process with a continuous extrusion process.
  • a Umwinderak is known in which the composite thread is removed from a supply spool.
  • continuous process interruptions and bobbin replacement are required to complete the wrapping process.
  • the invention now opposes these reservations and surrounds the fiber bundle formed continuously from a plurality of monofilaments or foil strips immediately before the fiber bundle is wound up.
  • the process variant is used with particular preference, in which the composite yarn continuously withdrawn from the supply bobbin and wound around the fiber bundle with a few turns in the range 20 to 70 turns per meter of fiber length ,
  • the development of the device according to the invention provides for this purpose a coupled with a controllable drive hollow spindle with a arranged on the circumference of the hollow spindle bobbin holder for receiving the supply spool, wherein the hollow spindle is assigned to an inlet end an inlet yarn guide and at an outlet end an outlet yarn guide for guiding the fiber bundle ,
  • the desired number of turns per fiber length can be set as a function of the feeding speed of the fiber bundle.
  • the method variant is particularly advantageous, in which the fiber bundle is supplied without slip for the purpose of winding at constant speed and constant yarn tension.
  • the separation and feeding by a godet unit has the particular advantage that the fiber bundle, regardless of the upstream process steps, preferably always on a family of monofilaments or foil tapes can be directed to the Umwindungsrea under constant conditions. In this case, even different guide lengths in front of the godet unit can advantageously be compensated for voltage differences.
  • the fiber bundle is preferably fed by a driven godet and a filler roll, which are looped around several times by the fiber bundle. This avoids fluctuations in the tension on the fiber bundle during winding.
  • the godet unit is associated with a driven godet and a Beilaufrolle the Umwinde directly on an inlet side.
  • the composite thread is preferably formed from a crimped multifilament thread, which is produced in a melt spinning process from a colored polymer melt and textured in a subsequent process.
  • the crimped multifilament yarn provides a secure hold and sufficient elasticity to hold the monof ⁇ Institute within the grass yarn during further processing.
  • the wound fiber bundle is pulled off directly by a winding spindle driven for winding and wound with a winding speed in the range of 50 to 500 m / min to the coil.
  • the thread tension is kept at a constant winding level essentially via a dancer arm control of the winding spindle.
  • the method variant is preferably used, in which the crowd of Monofilamen- te is divided after stretching into a plurality of fiber bundles and the fiber bundles are separated before winding. This allows a plurality of fiber bundles to be wrapped in parallel and wound up into coils.
  • thermoplastic material it is also possible to extrude a sheet of a thermoplastic material and cool.
  • the film can then be divided into a crowd of film strips, so as to be able to form a large variety of fiber bundles.
  • the wrapping device is formed by a plurality of separate wrapping stations to which several separate winding stations of the winding device are assigned, each winding station being assigned a separate galette unit. This makes it possible to produce a large amount of grass yarn in an extrusion process.
  • the godet units a separation of the plurality of fiber bundles is possible, wherein the number of fiber bundles is equal to the number of godet units.
  • This arrangement is particularly suitable for drawing the fiber bundles directly from a common godet delivery unit, which serves, for example, for drawing a crowd of monofilaments or foil tapes.
  • a common godet delivery unit which serves, for example, for drawing a crowd of monofilaments or foil tapes.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a view of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a view of a winding and winding station of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a plan view of the winding stations and winding stations of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1
  • An embodiment of the device according to the invention for carrying out the inventive method for producing a grass yarn is shown schematically in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • Fig. 1 the embodiment in an overall view
  • Fig. 2 in a plan view of the wrapping device and winding device
  • Fig. 3 in a partial view of the Umwindungsstationen and Aufspulstationen shown schematically.
  • the following description applies to all figures, insofar as no explicit reference is made to one of the figures.
  • Fig. 1 the embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in an overall view.
  • the exemplary embodiment has a melt spinning device 1 in order to extrude a thermoplastic material into a multiplicity of monofilaments.
  • the melt spinning device 1 has an extruder 2 and a spinner head 3 connected to the extruder 2.
  • the melt spinning device 1 is associated with a cooling device 4.
  • the cooling device 4 is formed in this embodiment by a cooling bath 5, which is assigned directly to the spinning head 3 of the melt spinning device 1.
  • the godet delivery 7.1 and 7.2 have a plurality of driven godets 8, on the circumference of the monofilaments 6 are guided in parallel run side by side with simple wrap.
  • a plurality of deflection rollers 9 are provided, at the periphery of the monofilaments 6 are guided with simple wrap.
  • the deflection rollers 9 are arranged downstream of the cooling device 4 in order to strip off the cooling liquid of the cooling bath 5 adhering to the monofilaments 6.
  • a heater 10 is arranged between the Godet 7.1 and 7.2 .
  • the heater 10 is in This exemplary embodiment is formed by a convection oven 40, in which the monofilaments 6 are heated to a draw temperature.
  • the godets 8 of the godet delivery units 7.1 and 7.2 are driven at a speed difference.
  • the monofilaments 6 are combined in groups into fiber bundles and fed to a wrapping device 13 and a winding device 14.
  • One wrapping station and one winding station are provided per fiber bundle, wherein the wrapping stations and the winding stations are formed together on a frame wall 39.
  • a first fiber bundle 12.1 is fed to a first winding station 13.1 and then wound up by the winding station 14.1 into a coil.
  • the fiber bundle 12.2 a second Umwindungsstation 13.2 and a second Aufspulstation 14.2 assigned, etc.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the wrapping device 13 and winding device 14 is shown, wherein the monofilaments 6 are divided into a total of five fiber bundles 12.1 to 12.5.
  • Each fiber bundle 12.1 to 12.5 contains five monofilaments in this embodiment.
  • the monofilaments 6 are performed at the end of the last godet 8 of the godet delivery 7.2 on the guide rail 11 and divided into the fiber bundles 12.1 to 12.5.
  • the fiber bundles 12.1 to 12.5 are separated and wound in the wrapping device 13 each with a composite thread and then wound in a winding device 14 to form a coil.
  • the wrapping device 13 has a total of five wrapping stations 13.1 to 13.5.
  • the winding stations 13.1 to 13.5 are each followed by a winding station 14.1 to 14.5 of the winding device 14.
  • the winding stations 13.1 to 13.5 and the winding stations 14.1 to 14.5 are arranged side by side on a frame wall 39.
  • FIG. 3 shows a view of the first wrapping station 13.1 and the first winding station 13.1.
  • 10 winding station 14.1 shown schematically in a view.
  • the Umwin- ding stations 13.1 to 13.5 and the Aufspulstationen 14.1 to 14.5 are identical, so that only the Umwindestation 13.1 and Aufspulstation 14.11 will be described below.
  • the Umwindungsstation 13.1 of the Umwindungs worn 13 has a hollow spindle 18 which carries a coil holder 19 on the circumference. On the coil holder 19, a feed coil 20 is arranged.
  • the hollow spindle 18 is coupled to a spindle drive 23, which drives the hollow spindle 18 and the coil holder 19 with the supply spool 20 to rotate.
  • the hollow spindle 18 is associated with an inlet yarn guide 27 and at an outlet end with an outlet yarn guide 30.
  • the inlet yarn guide 27 and the outlet yarn guide 30 guide the fiber bundle 12. 1 through the hollow spindle 18.
  • a composite thread 21 drawn off from the supply bobbin 20 is fed into the fiber bundle 12.1 and continuously wound around the fiber bundle 12.1 by rotation of the supply bobbin 20 through the hollow spindle 18 and the bobbin holder 19.
  • a godet unit 15 On the inlet side of the hollow spindle 18, a godet unit 15 is provided, which is formed from a driven godet 15.1 and a freely rotatable Beilaufrolle 15.2.
  • the godet 15.1 is driven by a godet motor 15.3, which is arranged on the back of the frame wall 39 (see Fig. 2).
  • the Fadenabsaug driving 16 contains not shown here means for separating and sucking the fiber bundle 12.1.
  • the Fadenabsaug listening 16 can be activated via a control device not shown here, which is connected to a sensor device 22.
  • the sensor device 22 is arranged on the outlet side of the hollow spindle 18 and monitors the inlet of the composite thread 21 to the fiber bundle 12.1. For In the event that the supply spool 20 is completely removed, the absence of the composite yarn 21 is detected via the sensor device 22 and reported to the control device. Thereupon, the thread extraction device 16 can be activated, so that the continuously supplied fiber bundle 12.1 can be sucked off and guided to a waste container.
  • the winding station 14.1 On the discharge side of the Umwindestation 13.1 the winding station 14.1 is arranged.
  • the winding station 14.1 has a coil carrier 32, which is coupled to a coil drive 34.
  • a coil 33 At the bobbin 32, a coil 33 is gewek disgusted.
  • the bobbin 32 is assigned a pressure roller 37 and a traversing device 36 in the yarn path.
  • the pressure roller 37 is held on a movable roller carrier 41 and contacts the wound coil 33 with contact.
  • Tänzerarmregel In the yarn path of the traversing device 36 is assigned a Tänzerarmregel adopted 35, which supplies the fiber bundle 12.1 via a loop between two yarn guides 38.2 and 38.3.
  • the Tänzerarmregel prepared 35 is coupled to the coil drive 34, so that the fiber bundle 12.1 is wound with substantially constant Aufwickelschreib to the coil 33.
  • the bobbin 32 is formed by a winding spindle, on the circumference of a sleeve for receiving the coil 33 is tensioned.
  • the coil carrier 32 it is also possible to form the coil carrier 32 by clamping plates, which hold a winding tube between them.
  • an injector device 24 is provided on the inlet side of the hollow spindle 18, which generates an air flow for sucking and threading the fiber bundle.
  • the inlet yarn guide 27 is designed to be pivotable, so that the fiber bundle via a manually guided suction gun directly to the through Injector 24 formed suction opening can be kept.
  • the inlet yarn guide 27 can be pivoted laterally into a contact position adjacent to the hollow spindle 18. The application position of the inlet yarn guide 27 is shown in dashed lines.
  • a suction nozzle 31 On the outlet side of the hollow spindle 18, a suction nozzle 31 is arranged, which is held in axial extension to the hollow spindle 18. At the suction nozzle 31, a suction flow can be generated, which receives the end of the fiber bundle 12.1 threaded through on the outlet side of the hollow spindle 18.
  • the fiber bundle 12.1 in the section between the hollow spindle 18 and the suction nozzle 31 can again take over a manual suction gun and insert in the subsequent take-up device.
  • a grass yarn is produced, which is used in a further processing process for producing an artificial turf.
  • a thermoplastic material in the form of granules of, for example, PP or LLDPE or HDPE or PA is fed to the extruder.
  • the material is extruded to a preferably colored polymer melt.
  • the polymer melt could thus obtain a green color, which is produced either by additives or by colored granules.
  • the polymer melt is extruded via the spinning head 3 into a plurality of monofilaments 6.
  • the monofilaments 6 occur after the extrusion for cooling in the cooling bath 5.
  • the monofilaments 6 are withdrawn together by a first godet delivery 7.1 with several godets 8. To strip off the remaining cooling liquid, the monofilaments 6 are guided over a plurality of deflection rollers 9.
  • the monofilaments 6 are heated in the heater 10 to a stretching temperature.
  • the heating is carried out by a hot air of the Um-
  • the Monof ⁇ lêt 6 are merged into several fiber bundles 12.1 to 12.5.
  • five mono filaments are combined to form a fiber bundle.
  • Each of the fiber bundles 12.1 and 12.5 is removed separately by a respective godet unit 15 from the last godet 8 of the godet delivery unit 7.2.
  • the godet units 15 are directly associated with the Umwindestationen 13.1 to 13.5, so that each of the fiber bundles are guided on different lengths of guidance between the godet units 15th and the last godet 8.
  • the godet units 15 are driven independently of each other, so that each of the fiber bundles under constant conditions the respective Umwindestationen can be fed.
  • each of the fiber bundles 12.1 to 12.5 in the wrapping device 13 is wrapped with a composite thread 21.
  • the composite thread 21 is drawn off continuously from a supply spool 20 and wound around one of the fiber bundles 12.1 to 12.5 with approximately 20 to 70 turns per meter of fiber length.
  • the supply of the fiber bundle to the respective Umwindungsstation takes place at a constant speed, which is determined by the godet unit 15.
  • the fiber bundle is guided substantially without slip, so that possible thread tension fluctuations in the upstream process steps without affecting the Umwindevorgang remain.
  • a crimped multifilament yarn is preferably used, which was produced in a melt-spinning process from a colored polymer melt and was textured in a subsequent process.
  • Such crimped multi-filament yarns have a grip and residual elasticity which provides a secure hold and bond of the mono filaments within the fiber bundle form.
  • the composite thread 21 is preferably likewise produced with a green coloring, so that the fine multifilament yarn adapts to the color of the fiber bundle and does not appear in subsequent processing processes, and in particular in artificial turf.
  • non-crimped composite yarns non-dyed composite yarns or monofilament composite yarns could be used to wind up.
  • the fiber bundle After the fiber bundle has been wound, it is wound up directly in the winding station into a coil 33.
  • the withdrawal of the fiber bundle from the wrapping station thus takes place directly through the driven bobbin 32.
  • the bobbin is driven at a winding speed in the range of 50 to 500 m / min.
  • the respectively set winding speed of the spool carrier 32 is kept constant by the dancer arm control 35 during the entire winding cycle.
  • the fiber bundle is wound as a grass yarn to the coil 33 and can be processed directly in a follow-up process, for example in a tufting process to an artificial turf.
  • the bond between the monofilaments within the fiber bundle is ensured by the composite thread 21.
  • the family of monofilaments is divided into a total of five fiber bundles.
  • the number of fiber bundles and the number of monof ⁇ legislationes forming a fiber bundle is exemplary.
  • a multiplicity of fiber bundles can be produced simultaneously with such a device and with such a method.
  • each of the fiber bundles is wrapped in a separate winding station with a composite thread and then wound in a winding station to form a coil.
  • each of the fiber bundles is wrapped in a separate winding station with a composite thread and then wound in a winding station to form a coil.
  • the illustrated and described treatment steps for the treatment of the monofilaments and the fiber bundle are exemplary.
  • additional treatment steps for the treatment of the monofilaments for example a relaxation treatment between further godet delivery devices or further treatment steps for the treatment of the fiber bundle, may be provided.
  • additional treatment steps for the treatment of the monofilaments for example a relaxation treatment between further godet delivery devices or further treatment steps for the treatment of the fiber bundle.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 can alternatively also be carried out with a melt spinning device for extruding a film in order to form the plurality of fiber bundles from a group of foil strips.
  • the spinning head shown in Fig. 1 would extrude a flat sheet of a thermoplastic material.
  • the film would be cooled in the cooling bath and, after being withdrawn from the cooling bath, split into a crowd of film strips.
  • the embodiment in Fig. 1 would then be supplemented for example by a cutting device which could be arranged between the pulleys and the godet delivery.
  • the remaining devices of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 remained completely identical, so that no further explanation of this alternative is required and reference can be made to the aforementioned description. Instead of the monofilaments then the film strips would be performed.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention have the particular advantage that a grass yarn which can be used for the production of artificial turf can be produced directly in the extrusion process. There are no further intermediate processes that require rewinding necessary.
  • the coils with the wound grass yarn can be submitted directly to a tufting process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant de fabriquer un fil pour gazons synthétiques. Selon le procédé, plusieurs monofilaments ou bandelettes sont extrudés à partir de polymère fondu teinté, refroidis dans un bain réfrigérant et étirés entre des groupes délivreurs à galettes. Pour l'enroulement, les monofilaments ou bandelettes sont réunis en un faisceau de fibres qui, selon l'invention, est enveloppé d'un fil composite avant l'enroulement, de sorte que le faisceau de fibres est enroulé avec le fil composite pour former une bobine.
PCT/EP2009/063291 2008-11-27 2009-10-12 Procédé et dispositif permettant de fabriquer un fil pour gazon Ceased WO2010060678A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008059185.8 2008-11-27
DE102008059185 2008-11-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010060678A1 true WO2010060678A1 (fr) 2010-06-03

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2009/063291 Ceased WO2010060678A1 (fr) 2008-11-27 2009-10-12 Procédé et dispositif permettant de fabriquer un fil pour gazon

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009052848A1 (de) 2009-11-11 2011-05-12 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schmelzspinnen monofiler Grasfasern
US9855682B2 (en) 2011-06-10 2018-01-02 Columbia Insurance Company Methods of recycling synthetic turf, methods of using reclaimed synthetic turf, and products comprising same

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2428483A1 (de) * 1974-06-12 1975-12-18 Hoechst Ag Umwindegarn
US4010523A (en) * 1974-07-27 1977-03-08 Akzona Incorporated Process for the production of a novelty yarn
CH672929A5 (en) * 1987-07-07 1990-01-15 Heberlein & Co Ag Composite yarn mfg. installation - forms unit that can be mounted on winding machine
WO2005054106A1 (fr) * 2003-12-02 2005-06-16 Giudici S.P.A. Procede et dispositif permettant de produire un fil elastique guipe et de remplacer automatiquement les bobines distributrices

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2428483A1 (de) * 1974-06-12 1975-12-18 Hoechst Ag Umwindegarn
US4010523A (en) * 1974-07-27 1977-03-08 Akzona Incorporated Process for the production of a novelty yarn
CH672929A5 (en) * 1987-07-07 1990-01-15 Heberlein & Co Ag Composite yarn mfg. installation - forms unit that can be mounted on winding machine
WO2005054106A1 (fr) * 2003-12-02 2005-06-16 Giudici S.P.A. Procede et dispositif permettant de produire un fil elastique guipe et de remplacer automatiquement les bobines distributrices

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009052848A1 (de) 2009-11-11 2011-05-12 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schmelzspinnen monofiler Grasfasern
US9855682B2 (en) 2011-06-10 2018-01-02 Columbia Insurance Company Methods of recycling synthetic turf, methods of using reclaimed synthetic turf, and products comprising same

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