WO2009131148A1 - 溶融金属の製造方法 - Google Patents
溶融金属の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009131148A1 WO2009131148A1 PCT/JP2009/058000 JP2009058000W WO2009131148A1 WO 2009131148 A1 WO2009131148 A1 WO 2009131148A1 JP 2009058000 W JP2009058000 W JP 2009058000W WO 2009131148 A1 WO2009131148 A1 WO 2009131148A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- raw material
- layer
- molten metal
- agglomerated
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
- C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/527—Charging of the electric furnace
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/18—Arrangements of devices for charging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a molten metal by directly reducing and melting an agglomerated carbonaceous material agglomerate in an electric heating and melting furnace without preliminary reduction.
- the carbonized metal agglomerated material is preliminarily reduced to a solid reduced metal in a rotary hearth furnace, and this solid reduced metal is converted into an arc furnace or submerged arc furnace.
- Various molten metal production processes have been proposed in which molten metal is obtained by melting with (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- the solid reduced metal forms a deposition layer in the furnace, so there are fewer problems of refractory damage and slag forming compared to the process using the arc furnace.
- the restrictions on the metalization rate and powder rate of the solid reduced metal are small, and the rotary hearth furnace can be made relatively small.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is a method for producing a molten metal using an agglomerated carbonaceous material agglomerated material, and greatly reduces equipment costs and energy intensity compared to conventional processes. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of the molten metal which can be performed.
- One aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a molten metal using a stationary non-tilting electric furnace, wherein the electric furnace is connected to one end portion in the furnace width direction from above into the furnace.
- An entrance chute, a heater that electrically heats the other end in the furnace width direction and the lower part in the furnace height direction, and the one end and the other end in the upper part of the furnace A secondary combustion burner provided in between, and a predetermined amount of carbonaceous material-containing agglomerated material containing a non-volatile metal element that becomes carbonaceous material and / or molten metal from the raw material charging chute Charging, forming a raw material packed bed having a slope with a downward slope from the one end portion in the furnace upper portion toward the other end portion in the furnace lower portion, and then the carbon material from the raw material charging chute A predetermined amount of the inner agglomerated material is charged into the furnace, and the agglomerated material layer is formed on the slope of the raw material packed layer.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a molten metal using a stationary non-tilting electric furnace, wherein the electric furnace is provided at one end and the other end in the furnace width direction.
- a furnace between a plurality of raw material charging chutes connected to the inside of the furnace from above, a raw material charging chute connected to the one end in the furnace width direction, and a raw material charging chute connected to the other end A heater that electrically heats a position that is a lower portion in the inner height direction, and a space between the raw material charging chute connected to the one end portion in the furnace upper direction and the furnace width direction in the height direction and the heater.
- a secondary combustion burner provided at a position between the raw material charging chute connected to the other end in the furnace width direction and the other end in the furnace width direction and the heater in the position and height direction.
- a predetermined amount of carbonaceous material-containing agglomerated material containing a non-volatile metal element to be metal is charged into the furnace, and the heater at the lower part of the furnace is heated from the one end part at the upper part of the furnace.
- a raw material packed bed having a downward slope facing toward the bottom and a downward slope facing toward a position where the heater below the furnace heats from the other upper end in the furnace, and then charging the raw material
- a predetermined amount of the carbonized material agglomerated material is charged into the furnace from the chute to form an agglomerated material layer on each slope of the raw material packed layer, and then the lower end of the agglomerated material layer is heated.
- the raw material agglomerated material is melted by heating with a vessel to form a molten metal layer and a molten slag layer in the furnace, and the agglomerated material layer is moved toward the lower end by the melting.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a stationary non-tilting arc furnace according to an embodiment, where (a) is a longitudinal sectional view and (b) is a plan view.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the movement of the raw material charging port of the raw material charging chute having the outer chute provided in the stationary non-tilting arc furnace.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a stationary non-tilting electric furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the stationary non-tilting electric furnace according to the present embodiment (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “furnace”) is an arc furnace having a substantially rectangular horizontal cross section, and the upper part of the furnace (in this embodiment, the furnace ceiling portion 1). ) Are connected to the exhaust gas duct 3 and a plurality of raw material charging chutes 4, and a plurality of electrodes 5 are inserted into the furnace via the furnace ceiling 1 as a heater.
- the raw material charging chute 4 is installed at both ends (one end and the other end) 2 and 2 in the furnace width direction, while the electrode 5 is installed at the center in the furnace width direction. Furthermore, a plurality of secondary combustion burners 6 are provided in the furnace upper part (furnace ceiling part 1).
- the exhaust gas duct 3 is preferably installed closer to the raw material charging chute 4 than the electrode 5. This is to prevent the oxidative exhaust gas after the secondary combustion from flowing in the direction of the electrode 5 and damaging the electrode 5.
- the reason for providing the partition wall 9 between the electrode 5 and the secondary combustion burner 6 is to prevent the oxidized exhaust gas after the secondary combustion from coming into contact with the electrode 5 as described above. *
- the partition wall 10 be provided between the secondary combustion burner 6 and the exhaust gas duct 3 to prevent the exhaust gas after the secondary combustion from being short-circuited to the exhaust gas duct 3, This is to ensure a sufficient amount of radiant heat transfer to 13.
- the partition walls 9, 10, 11 may be installed entirely or a part of them may be installed by comprehensively considering the degree of each effect described above, installation cost, maintenance labor, etc. It may be.
- the raw material charging chute 4 is not provided on the furnace side wall in the furnace longitudinal direction perpendicular to the furnace width direction (that is, the raw material packed layer 12 is not formed in the furnace). It is preferable to provide the tap hole 7 and the drain hole 8 at the center in the longitudinal direction. This is for facilitating the hole opening operation at the time of tapping.
- a well-known heat exchanger (not shown) may be installed on the downstream side of the exhaust gas duct 3 to collect sensible heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the furnace, It can be effectively used as energy for drying the pellet B or the like.
- the electrode 5 for example, a three-phase AC type that is excellent in thermal efficiency and is commonly used in an arc electric furnace for steelmaking is recommended.
- a three-phase AC type that is excellent in thermal efficiency and is commonly used in an arc electric furnace for steelmaking is recommended.
- the electrode 5 is preferably subjected to a melting operation while the tip portion thereof is positioned (immersed) in the agglomerated material layer 13 or the molten slag layer 15 described later.
- the effects of radiant heating and resistance heating by the arc can coexist, melting can be further promoted, and damage to the inner surface of the furnace wall not protected by the raw material packed bed 12 can be suppressed. .
- coal as a packed bed forming raw material for forming a raw material packed bed in the furnace, as a carbonaceous material agglomerated material laminated on the raw material packed bed
- carbonaceous material agglomerated material laminated on the raw material packed bed A case where molten iron is produced as a molten metal by using each of the carbonaceous material-containing iron oxide pellets, which are agglomerated carbonaceous material-containing metal oxides, will be described as an example.
- a carbon material packed bed 12 is formed as a raw material packed bed having a slope 12a having a downward slope from both ends 2 and 2 in the furnace width direction to the lower side of the lower end of the electrode 5.
- the particle size of the coal A may be adjusted according to the particle size of the carbon material-containing iron oxide pellets B so that the carbon material-containing iron oxide pellets B described later do not sink into the voids of the carbon material packed layer 12. .
- a carbonaceous material-containing iron oxide pellet (hereinafter also simply referred to as “pellet”) B as a carbonaceous material-containing agglomerated material from raw material charging chutes 4, 4 installed at both ends 2, 2 in the furnace width direction.
- the pellet layer 13 as an agglomerate layer is formed on the slope 12a of the carbonaceous material packed layer 12 continuously or intermittently.
- the blending amount of the interior carbon material in the pellet B may be determined by adding the target C concentration of molten iron to the theoretical C amount necessary for reducing iron oxide to metallic iron.
- the pellet B is preferably dried in advance so as not to burst (bursting) when entering the furnace interior.
- the height of the electrode 5 is preferably adjusted in advance so that the lower end of the electrode 5 is immersed in the pellet layer 13.
- the electrode is energized and subjected to arc heating, whereby the pellet B in the vicinity of the lower end of the pellet layer 13 is rapidly heated and sequentially reduced and melted, and separated into molten iron and molten slag as molten metal,
- the molten iron layer 14 and the molten slag layer 15 are formed in the lower part.
- a CaO source such as limestone or dolomite or an MgO source in advance to the pellet B.
- the pellet layer 13 itself moves toward the lower end portion of the electrode 5 along the slope of the carbonaceous material packed layer by its own weight. It will descend in the furnace sequentially. Even if a part of the pellets in the pellet layer 13 sinks into the voids of the carbonaceous material packed layer 12, a part of the pellets stays in the furnace for a long time and is reduced by heating and eventually melts. There is no problem because it is separated into molten iron and molten slag and dropped into the molten iron layer 14 and molten slag layer 15 at the bottom of the furnace through the voids of the carbonaceous material packed layer 12.
- the pellet in the pellet layer 13 approaches the electrode 5, it is efficiently heated by the radiant heat and resistance heat from the arc from the electrode 5, and the iron oxide in the pellet is preliminarily reduced to solid metallic iron by the interior carbon material.
- a CO-containing gas combustionible gas
- the volatile components devolatilized from the interior carbon material by heating are also added to the CO-containing gas.
- This CO-containing gas is combusted by, for example, oxygen gas (secondary combustion) as an oxygen-containing gas blown from the secondary combustion burner 6 provided in the furnace ceiling 1, and the pellet layer 13 is also heated by the radiant heat. Is done.
- oxygen gas secondary combustion
- the iron oxide in the pellet layer 13 is preliminarily reduced to solid metallic iron, as in the case of radiant heating and resistance heating by the arc from the electrode 5. Since the CO-containing gas is generated, the radiant heating by the secondary combustion is further promoted.
- the pellet B charged into the furnace from the raw material supply chute 4 descends on the slope 12a of the carbon material packed bed 12 while being radiated by the secondary combustion (hereinafter referred to as “secondary”). It is also referred to as “combustion heat”.) Is preliminarily reduced to a high metalization rate in a solid state, and then melted by arc heating and resistance heating in the vicinity of the lower end portion of the electrode 5 to be separated into molten iron and molten slag.
- the iron oxide concentration in the molten slag generated in the vicinity of the lower end of the electrode 5 becomes sufficiently low, and wear of the electrode 5 can be suppressed.
- the molten iron separated from the molten slag dissolves the carbonaceous material remaining in the pellets and becomes a molten iron having a target C concentration.
- the molten iron and molten slag generated in this way can be intermittently discharged from the tap hole 7 and the tap hole 8 provided in the lower part of the furnace, for example, in the same manner as in the blast furnace.
- the charcoal packed bed 12 formed by initially charging the coal A into the furnace is gradually heated in the furnace to remove the volatile components, and eventually char or coke.
- the removed volatile matter is burned with the oxygen-containing gas blown from the secondary combustion burner 6 together with the carbon monoxide (CO) -containing gas generated from the pellet layer 13, and is effectively used as radiant heating energy of the pellet layer 13. Is done.
- carbon (C) of the interior carbon material in the pellet B covers the reduction of the internal iron oxide and the carburization to the molten iron, so the charred or coked carbon material packed bed 13 is theoretically Although it is not consumed, in actual operation, it is gradually consumed during long-term operation due to direct reduction reaction with pellets embedded in the carbon material packed bed 12, carburization reaction to molten iron, and the like. Therefore, for example, in a state where the supply of the pellets B from the raw material charging chute 4 is stopped every certain operation period, at least arc heating is continued for a certain time, and the pellet layer 13 in the furnace is almost completely melted.
- a predetermined amount of coal (carbonaceous material) A is charged from the raw material charging chute 4 in a state where arc heating and secondary combustion are interrupted.
- the filling amount in the furnace of the material packed layer 12 can be maintained.
- the raw material charging chute 4 is installed at both ends 2 and 2 in the furnace width direction, while the electrode 5 is installed at the center of the furnace ceiling 1.
- the raw material charging chute 4 is installed at one end (one end) 2 in the furnace width direction, while the electrode 5 is installed at the other end (the other end) 2 in the furnace width direction. You may make it do. If this modification is adopted, since the slope of the carbonaceous material packed bed 12 formed in the furnace is only on one side, it is disadvantageous from the viewpoint of refractory protection compared to the above embodiment, but the furnace width is reduced. There is an advantage that the equipment can be made compact.
- the example which used the arc furnace as an electric furnace was shown in the said embodiment, it is not limited to this, What is necessary is just a furnace heated by electric energy, such as a submerged arc furnace and an electromagnetic induction heating furnace.
- a furnace heated by electric energy such as a submerged arc furnace and an electromagnetic induction heating furnace.
- an electrode can be used as a heater
- an electromagnetic induction heating furnace a solenoid heating coil can be used as a heater.
- the exhaust gas duct 3 and the raw material charging chute 4 are both connected to the furnace ceiling portion 1.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and either or both of them are connected to the furnace side wall. You may make it connect to the upper part of.
- the raw material charging chute 4 is automatically installed at the end in the furnace width direction.
- the substantially rectangular thing was illustrated as a horizontal cross-sectional shape of a stationary non-tilting type arc furnace, it is not limited to this,
- the thing of a substantially ellipse or a perfect circle is used. May be.
- scale-up can be easily performed by extending the furnace longitudinal direction (direction perpendicular to the furnace width direction) while keeping the furnace width constant.
- carbon material interior iron oxide pellet which is a carbon material interior metal oxide agglomerate
- carbon material interior agglomerate B Carbonaceous material-containing metal chloride agglomerates containing metal chloride may be used instead of metal oxide, or carbonaceous material-incorporated metal compound agglomerates containing multiple metal compounds such as metal oxides and metal chlorides may be used. Good.
- a volatile metal element in addition to a non-volatile metal element, a volatile metal element, for example, it may contain Zn and Pb. That is, as the agglomerate B, steel mill dust containing a volatile metal element can be used as the metal oxide raw material.
- the volatile metal element is heated in the furnace and volatilized from the carbonaceous material agglomerate B.
- the oxygen-containing gas supplied from the secondary combustion burner 6 provided in the upper part of the furnace is used in the furnace.
- the temperature of the upper part of the furnace can be kept sufficiently high, so that volatile metal elements volatilized from the carbonaceous material agglomerate B are reliably prevented from recondensing in the upper part of the furnace,
- the volatile metal element can be efficiently recovered from the exhaust gas discharged from the furnace.
- the volatile metal element refers to a metal element having a melting point at 1 atm of a metal simple substance or a salt thereof or the like at 1 atm or less.
- the metal simple substance include zinc and lead.
- the volatile metal element compound include sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
- the volatile metal in the compound of the volatile metal element is reduced to metal in an electric furnace (for example, an arc furnace or a submerged arc furnace), and a part or all of the volatile metal exists in a gaseous state in the furnace. Further, the volatile metal element chloride is heated in an electric furnace, and a part or all of the chloride exists in a gas state in the furnace.
- the non-volatile metal element means a metal element having a melting point at 1 atm of a metal simple substance or a compound such as an oxide thereof exceeding 1100 ° C.
- the metal simple substance include iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and titanium.
- the non-volatile metal oxide include CaO, SiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 .
- the pellet was illustrated as a form of the carbon material interior agglomerate B, you may employ
- the briquette has a repose angle larger than that of a spherical pellet. Therefore, in order to ensure the residence time on the slope 12a of the carbonaceous material packed layer 12, the furnace height needs to be higher than when pellets are used. The furnace width can be reduced.
- iron Fe
- nonferrous metals such as Ni, Mn, Cr other than Fe, are illustrated. It may contain.
- coal was illustrated as a carbonaceous material which forms the carbonaceous material filled layer 12 as a raw material filled layer, you may use coke.
- coke When coke is used, it is already dry-distilled, and no volatile matter is generated in the furnace, so the contribution to secondary combustion is reduced, but it is less pulverized than coal, so there is an advantage that the amount of scattering loss can be reduced. .
- a carbonaceous material agglomerated material B may be used as a packed bed forming raw material for forming the raw material packed bed 12 instead of or in addition to a carbonaceous material such as coal or coke. Even when the carbonaceous material agglomerated material B is used as a raw material for forming the raw material packed layer 12, although reduction and melting proceed at the contact portion with the molten iron, heat is generated at a portion away from the contact portion with the molten iron. Since the agglomerate B is not easily transmitted and is maintained in a solid state, the raw material packed layer 12 once formed is maintained in a packed layer state for a long time. Moreover, since the temperature in the raw material packed bed 12 decreases as the distance from the contact portion with the molten iron increases and approaches the furnace wall, damage to the refractory due to the formation of molten FeO is not a problem.
- the secondary combustion burner 6 showed the example installed only in a furnace ceiling part, in addition to this, you may provide in the side wall upper part of a longitudinal direction further, for example, when furnace length is short May be provided only on the upper part of the side wall in the longitudinal direction.
- the example in which the tap hole 7 and the drain hole 8 are separately installed on the opposite side walls has been described, but both may be installed on the same side wall, or the exhaust holes 7 and the drain holes 8 may be installed. It is also possible to omit the dredging hole 8 and install only the dredging hole 7 and discharge the molten iron and molten slag from the dredging hole 7.
- the raw material charging chute 4 which fixed the in-furnace height of the raw material charging port as the raw material charging chute was shown, the raw material is placed at a different position in the height direction in the furnace.
- a raw material charging chute that can be charged can be used.
- a raw material charging chute 41 having an outer chute 42 that can move the raw material charging port 40 in the vertical direction as the raw material charging chute.
- the raw material charging chute 41 includes a hopper 44 that stores raw materials, an inner chute 43 connected to the hopper 44, and an outer chute 42 that is slidable on the inner chute 43 and movable in the vertical direction.
- the lower end part of the agglomerated material layer 13 can be adjusted to an appropriate position by moving the outer chute 42 up and down according to the angle of repose of the carbonaceous material and the agglomerated material agglomerated material.
- the raw material charging chute 41 capable of charging raw materials at different positions in the furnace height direction
- the charging raw material is changed to one having a different angle of repose during melting. Even so, the distance between the heating portion of the heater (the lower end when the electrode 5 is used as a heater) and the lower end of the agglomerate layer 13 is adjusted to be constant by moving the raw material inlet up and down. Therefore, the melting characteristics and the thermal efficiency can be further optimized as compared with the case of using the raw material charging chute 4 in which the height of the raw material charging port in the furnace is fixed.
- the outer chute 42 (raw material input port 40) Is raised so that the lower end portion of the agglomerated material layer 13 and the heating portion of the heater are not separated too much, so that an increase in the slag temperature and an increase in the exhaust gas temperature due to the radiant heat can be prevented. Further, even when the ceiling of the electric furnace is water-cooled, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the cooling water discharge side from rising.
- the current is monitored, and when the current value rises, the outer chute 42 is lowered, and the lower end of the agglomerate layer 13 and the heating part of the heater The distance can be increased to prevent an increase in current value and abnormal wear of the electrodes.
- the distance between the lower end portion of the agglomerate layer 13 and the heating portion of the heater can be monitored with an exhaust gas temperature, a ceiling temperature, a cooling water temperature, a slag temperature, a camera, and the like.
- an electrode is used as a heater, the amount of electrode consumption and interelectrode resistance can be monitored.
- one aspect of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a molten metal using a stationary non-tilting electric furnace, and the electric furnace is located above one end in the furnace width direction.
- a raw material charging chute connected to the inside of the furnace, a heater that electrically heats the other end in the furnace width direction and the lower part in the furnace height direction, and the one end in the upper part of the furnace And a secondary combustion burner provided between the other end and a carbonaceous material-containing mass containing a non-volatile metal element that becomes a carbonaceous material and / or a molten metal from the raw material charging chute
- a predetermined amount of the chemical is charged into the furnace to form a raw material packed bed having a slope with a downward slope from the one end portion above the furnace toward the other end portion below the furnace,
- a predetermined amount of the carbon material agglomerated material is charged into the furnace from the raw material charging chute, and the raw material is charged.
- An agglomerated layer is formed on the slope of the material, and then the lower end of the agglomerated layer is heated with the heater to melt the carbonized material agglomerated material.
- a molten slag layer is formed and oxygen-containing gas is blown into the furnace from the secondary combustion burner while lowering the agglomerate layer along the slope of the raw material packed layer toward the lower end by the melting.
- the CO-containing gas generated from the agglomerate layer is combusted, and the agglomerate layer is heated and reduced by the radiant heat.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a molten metal using a stationary non-tilting electric furnace, wherein the electric furnace is provided at one end and the other end in the furnace width direction.
- a furnace between a plurality of raw material charging chutes connected to the inside of the furnace from above, a raw material charging chute connected to the one end in the furnace width direction, and a raw material charging chute connected to the other end A heater that electrically heats a position that is a lower portion in the inner height direction, and a space between the raw material charging chute connected to the one end portion in the furnace upper direction and the furnace width direction in the height direction and the heater.
- a secondary combustion burner provided at a position between the raw material charging chute connected to the other end in the furnace width direction and the other end in the furnace width direction and the heater in the position and height direction.
- a predetermined amount of carbonaceous material-containing agglomerated material containing a non-volatile metal element to be metal is charged into the furnace, and the heater at the lower part of the furnace is heated from the one end part at the upper part of the furnace.
- a raw material packed bed having a downward slope facing toward the bottom and a downward slope facing toward a position where the heater below the furnace heats from the other upper end in the furnace, and then charging the raw material
- a predetermined amount of the carbonized material agglomerated material is charged into the furnace from the chute to form an agglomerated material layer on each slope of the raw material packed layer, and then the lower end of the agglomerated material layer is heated.
- the raw material agglomerated material is melted by heating with a vessel to form a molten metal layer and a molten slag layer in the furnace, and the agglomerated material layer is moved toward the lower end by the melting.
- the lower end portion of the agglomerate layer is heated and melted by the heater, so that the agglomerate layer that has not yet melted, along the slope of the raw material packed layer, that is, the lower end portion of the agglomerate layer, While moving toward the vicinity of the heating part of the heater, the CO-containing gas generated from the agglomerate layer is burned with the oxygen-containing gas blown from the secondary combustion burner, and the agglomerate layer itself is radiated heat. Is preliminarily reduced by heating.
- the carbonaceous material-containing agglomerated material when heating with the heater, the carbonaceous material-containing agglomerated material is continuously or intermittently charged into the furnace from the raw material charging chute, and among the agglomerated material layer, It is preferable to sequentially melt the carbonaceous material-incorporated agglomerated material located at the lower end of the agglomerated material layer.
- the molten metal can be continuously produced.
- the electric furnace includes an exhaust gas duct, and when the carbonaceous material agglomerated material further contains a volatile metal element, the volatile metal is separated from the exhaust gas discharged by the exhaust gas duct and It is preferable to collect. Thereby, the volatile metal element volatilized and removed from the exhaust gas discharged from the furnace through the exhaust gas duct can be efficiently recovered.
- the heater is an electrode inserted into the furnace from above, and an arc furnace in which the lower end of the heater is arc-heated by energization can be used. And it is preferable to perform arc heating by immersing the lower end of the electrode in the agglomerated material layer or the molten slag layer.
- arc heating by immersing the lower end of the electrode in the agglomerated material layer or the molten slag layer.
- a distance between the exhaust gas duct and the raw material charging chute is shorter than a distance between the exhaust gas duct and the electrode in the upper part of the electric furnace. Since the distance between the exhaust gas duct and the raw material charging chute is shorter than the distance between the exhaust gas duct and the electrode, the area where the combustible gas generated by being heated by the electrode can be sequentially subjected to secondary combustion becomes wider, It can be suppressed that the oxidizing exhaust gas after the secondary combustion flows in the direction of the exhaust gas duct, and the exhaust gas flows to the electrode and damages the electrode.
- the electric furnace further includes a partition wall that hangs down in the furnace between the exhaust gas duct and the raw material charging chute.
- a partition wall that hangs down in the furnace between the exhaust gas duct and the raw material charging chute.
- the electric furnace further includes a partition wall that hangs down in the furnace between the electrode and the secondary combustion burner. This partition wall can prevent the oxidized exhaust gas after secondary combustion from coming into contact with the electrode.
- the electric furnace further includes a partition wall that hangs down in the furnace between the secondary combustion burner and the exhaust gas duct.
- a partition wall that hangs down in the furnace between the secondary combustion burner and the exhaust gas duct.
- the raw material charging chute may include an outer chute that can move the raw material charging port in the vertical direction.
- the manufacturing method of the molten metal of this invention is used, an installation cost and an energy basic unit can be reduced significantly compared with the manufacturing method of the conventional molten metal, and a molten metal can be manufactured.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
〔定置式非傾動型電気炉の構成〕
図1に、本発明の一実施形態に係る定置式非傾動型電気炉の概略構成を示す。本実施形態に係る定置式非傾動型電気炉(以下、単に「炉」ということもある。)は、水平断面形状が略矩形のアーク炉であり、炉上部(本実施形態では炉天井部1)には、排ガスダクト3および複数の原料装入シュート4が接続されるとともに、炉内には、加熱器として、炉天井部1を介して複数本の電極5が挿入されている。原料装入シュート4は、炉幅方向の両端部(一方の端部と他方の端部)2,2にそれぞれ設置される一方、電極5は、炉幅方向の中央部に設置されている。さらに、炉上部(炉天井部1)には、複数本の二次燃焼バーナ6が設けられている。
予め、上記炉幅方向の両端部2,2に設置された原料装入シュート4,4から所定量の充填層形成用原料としての炭材である石炭Aを炉内に装入して、該炉幅方向の両端部2,2から電極5の下端部の下方に向かう下り勾配の斜面12aを有する原料充填層としての炭材充填層12を形成しておく。ここで、石炭Aの粒度は、後記炭材内装酸化鉄ペレットBが炭材充填層12の空隙内に潜り込まない程度に、炭材内装酸化鉄ペレットBの粒度に応じて調整しておくとよい。
上記実施形態では、原料装入シュート4および電極5の配置に関し、原料装入シュート4を炉幅方向の両端部2,2にそれぞれ設置する一方、電極5を炉天井部1の中央部に設置する例を示したが、原料装入シュート4を炉幅方向の片端部(一方の端部)2に設置する一方、電極5を炉幅方向の他端部(他方の端部)2に設置するようにしてもよい。本変形例を採用すると、炉内に形成される炭材充填層12の斜面が片側だけになるので、上記実施形態に比べて、耐火物保護の観点からは不利になるが、炉幅が縮小され、設備のコンパクト化が図れるメリットがある。
Claims (13)
- 定置式非傾動型電気炉を用いて溶融金属を製造する方法であって、
前記電気炉は、炉幅方向の一方の端部に上方から炉内に接続する原料装入シュートと、炉幅方向の他方の端部であって炉内高さ方向の下部である位置を電気で加熱する加熱器と、炉上部において前記一方の端部と前記他方の端部との間に設けられた二次燃焼バーナとを備えており、
前記原料装入シュートから炭材および/または溶融金属となる非揮発性金属元素を含有する炭材内装塊成化物を所定量炉内に装入して、炉内上方の前記一方の端部から炉内下方の前記他方の端部に向かう下り勾配の斜面を有する原料充填層を形成し、
次いで、前記原料装入シュートから前記炭材内装塊成化物を所定量炉内に装入して、前記原料充填層の斜面上に塊成化物層を形成し、
その後、前記塊成化物層の下端部を前記加熱器で加熱して前記炭材内装塊成化物を溶融することにより、炉内に溶融金属層と溶融スラグ層を形成するとともに、前記溶融により前記塊成化物層をその下端部に向かって前記原料充填層の斜面に沿って降下させつつ、前記二次燃焼バーナから炉内に酸素含有ガスを吹き込んで、前記塊成化物層から発生するCO含有ガスを燃焼させ、その放射熱により前記塊成化物層を加熱して還元する溶融金属の製造方法。 - 定置式非傾動型電気炉を用いて溶融金属を製造する方法であって、
前記電気炉は、炉幅方向の一方の端部と他方の端部に上方から炉内にそれぞれ接続する複数の原料装入シュートと、炉幅方向において前記一方の端部に接続する原料装入シュートと他方の端部に接続する原料装入シュートの間であって炉内高さ方向の下部である位置を電気で加熱する加熱器と、高さ方向では炉上部であって炉幅方向では前記一方の端部に接続する原料装入シュートと前記加熱器との間である位置および高さ方向では炉上部であって炉幅方向では前記他方の端部に接続する原料装入シュートと当該加熱器との間である位置にそれぞれ設けられた二次燃焼バーナとを備えており、
前記原料装入シュートから炭材および/または溶融金属となる非揮発性金属元素を含有する炭材内装塊成化物を所定量炉内に装入して、炉内上方の前記一方の端部から炉内下方の前記加熱器が加熱する位置に向かう下り勾配の斜面と、炉内上方の前記他方の端部から炉内下方の当該加熱器が加熱する位置に向かう下り勾配の斜面とを有する原料充填層を形成し、
次いで、前記原料装入シュートから前記炭材内装塊成化物を所定量炉内に装入して、前記原料充填層の各斜面上に塊成化物層を形成し、
その後、前記塊成化物層の下端部を前記加熱器で加熱して前記炭材内装塊成化物を溶融することにより、炉内に溶融金属層と溶融スラグ層を形成するとともに、前記溶融により前記塊成化物層をその下端部に向かって前記原料充填層の各斜面に沿って降下させつつ、前記二次燃焼バーナから炉内に酸素含有ガスを吹き込んで、前記塊成化物層から発生するCO含有ガスを燃焼させ、その放射熱により前記塊成化物層を加熱して還元する溶融金属の製造方法。 - 前記加熱器で加熱するときに、前記原料装入シュートから前記炭材内装塊成化物を連続的または間欠的に炉内に装入し、前記塊成化物層のうち、前記塊成化物層の下端部に位置する前記炭材内装塊成化物を順次溶融する請求項1または2に記載の溶融金属の製造方法。
- 前記電気炉は炉上部に接続して炉内に生成した排ガスを排出する排ガスダクトをさらに備えている請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の溶融金属の製造方法。
- 前記炭材内装塊成化物は揮発性金属元素をさらに含有し、前記排ガスダクトによって排出された排ガスから前記揮発性金属を分離および回収する請求項4に記載の溶融金属の製造方法。
- 前記加熱器は上方から炉内に挿入される電極であり、通電によって当該加熱器の下端がアーク加熱される請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の溶融金属の製造方法。
- 前記電極の下端部を前記塊成化物層中または前記溶融スラグ層中に浸漬してアーク加熱を行う請求項6に記載の溶融金属の製造方法。
- 前記電気炉の炉上部において、前記排ガスダクトと前記原料装入シュートとの距離が、当該排ガスダクトと前記電極との距離より短い請求項6または7に記載の溶融金属の製造方法。
- 前記電気炉は、前記排ガスダクトと前記原料装入シュートの間に、炉内に垂下する隔壁をさらに備えている請求項4、5または8に記載の溶融金属の製造方法。
- 前記電気炉は、前記電極と前記二次燃焼バーナとの間に、炉内に垂下する隔壁をさらに備えている請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の溶融金属の製造方法。
- 前記電気炉は、前記二次燃焼バーナと前記排ガスダクトとの間に、炉内に垂下する隔壁をさらに備えている請求項4、5、8または9に記載の溶融金属の製造方法。
- 前記原料装入シュートは炉内の高さ方向の異なる位置に原料を装入する請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の溶融金属の製造方法。
- 前記原料装入シュートは原料投入口を上下方向に移動可能なアウターシュートを備えている請求項12に記載の溶融金属の製造方法。
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| US12/989,347 US8425650B2 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-04-22 | Method for manufacturing molten metal |
| EP09735934.3A EP2270239B1 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-04-22 | Process for producing molten metal |
| CN2009801141466A CN102016079B (zh) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-04-22 | 熔融金属的制造方法 |
| AU2009239012A AU2009239012B2 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-04-22 | Process for producing molten metal |
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| US10079139B2 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2018-09-18 | Kent J. Voorhees | Metal oxide laser ionization-mass spectrometry |
| CN110030824A (zh) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-07-19 | 山西沁新能源集团股份有限公司 | 冶炼电炉 |
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| DE102023103056A1 (de) | 2023-02-08 | 2024-08-08 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Eisenschmelze und Flüssigschlacke in einem elektrischen Einschmelzer |
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| CN102016079A (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
| EP2270239A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
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| AU2009239012B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
| JP2009280910A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
| CN102016079B (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
| EP2270239A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
| KR20100122959A (ko) | 2010-11-23 |
| KR101171576B1 (ko) | 2012-08-06 |
| EP2270239B1 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
| US8425650B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 |
| TW200946690A (en) | 2009-11-16 |
| AU2009239012A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
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| US20110036201A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
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