WO2009123000A1 - 細胞処理装置、試料調製装置および細胞分析装置 - Google Patents
細胞処理装置、試料調製装置および細胞分析装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009123000A1 WO2009123000A1 PCT/JP2009/056071 JP2009056071W WO2009123000A1 WO 2009123000 A1 WO2009123000 A1 WO 2009123000A1 JP 2009056071 W JP2009056071 W JP 2009056071W WO 2009123000 A1 WO2009123000 A1 WO 2009123000A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1429—Signal processing
- G01N15/1433—Signal processing using image recognition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N15/1468—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle
- G01N15/147—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle the analysis being performed on a sample stream
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
- G01N35/1095—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices for supplying the samples to flow-through analysers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
- G01N15/0618—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support of the filter type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N2015/1006—Investigating individual particles for cytology
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
- G01N2015/1493—Particle size
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N2035/00465—Separating and mixing arrangements
- G01N2035/00475—Filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cell processing device, a sample preparation device and a cell analysis device. Specifically, the present invention relates to a technique for easily recovering a measurement target cell discriminated from other cells by a filter.
- the epithelial cells of the cervix contained in a sample collected from the cervix of a subject are measured with a flow cytometer.
- a cell analyzer for screening cancer / atypical cells see, for example, WO 2006/103920.
- epithelial cells in the cervix are to be measured, but the sample collected from the cervix contains cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells in addition to the epithelial cells. If such a sample is measured as it is, the influence of cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells may appear in the measurement results, and therefore, there may be cases where cancer and atypical cells can not be screened with high accuracy. Therefore, there is a need for a technique for easily recovering only the measurement target cell by differentiating the measurement target cell from the other cells.
- a cell suspension containing blood cells is flowed through a filter, lymphocytes which are cells to be measured are captured on the filter, and a liquid containing other cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells is used.
- a cell separation / recovery device for passing through a filter and discharging, and thereafter supplying a recovery solution to the filter to recover lymphocytes captured on the filter (for example, US Pat. No. 6,312,950). reference).
- the sample solution containing the cells to be measured is flowed over the filter, and the liquid containing the cells to be measured is passed through the filter and recovered.
- a technique for capturing and discharging on the filter is also known.
- an object of the present invention to provide a cell processing method capable of easily recovering cells to be measured differentiated from other cells by a filter, even when the cells to be measured are larger in diameter than other cells.
- a sample preparation device capable of easily preparing a measurement sample suitable for analysis of the measurement target cell by recovering the measurement target cell in this manner, and the influence of cells other than the measurement target cell is reduced
- the object of the present invention is to provide a cell analysis device capable of acquiring the measurement result obtained and analyzing the measurement target cell with high accuracy.
- a sample preparation device comprises a container capable of containing a liquid containing a biological sample, A filter that does not pass the first cells in the biological sample and passes the second cells smaller in diameter than the first cells; A liquid separation unit configured to separate the liquid into a first liquid mainly containing the first cells and a second liquid mainly containing the second cells in the storage container via the filter; A liquid acquisition unit that acquires the first liquid separated by the liquid separation unit; A sample preparation unit for preparing a measurement sample from the first liquid acquired by the liquid acquisition unit and a predetermined reagent; It is characterized by having.
- the liquid separation unit may include a moving mechanism unit that moves at least one of the filter and the storage container so that the filter moves in the vertical direction with respect to the storage container.
- the sample preparation apparatus may further include an operation control unit that controls movement of the movement mechanism unit.
- the operation control unit may control the movement mechanism unit such that the filter moves from above the liquid surface of the liquid contained in the container toward the liquid.
- the operation control unit controls the moving mechanism unit so that the filter moved toward the inside of the liquid stored in the storage container returns upward by a predetermined distance, and then acquires the first liquid As described above, the liquid acquisition unit may be controlled.
- the storage container may have a hollow body portion having an axis directed vertically and a bottom portion connected to a lower portion of the body portion and having an inner surface recessed downward.
- the operation control unit moves the filter from above the liquid surface of the liquid contained in the container to the bottom or in the vicinity thereof, and then returns the moving mechanism unit to return the filter upward by a predetermined distance.
- the liquid acquisition unit may be controlled to control and thereafter acquire the first liquid.
- the sample preparation apparatus may further include a liquid discharge unit that discharges the second liquid separated by the liquid separation unit.
- the operation control unit may control the liquid discharging unit and the liquid acquiring unit so as to acquire the first liquid remaining in the storage container after discharging the second liquid.
- the moving mechanism unit may include a cylinder movable in the vertical direction, the filter may be provided at a lower end opening of the cylinder, and the liquid discharge unit may include a discharge pipe communicating with the inside of the cylinder.
- the operation control unit moves the cylinder downward so that the filter moves from above the liquid surface of the liquid contained in the container toward the liquid, and the cylinder moves downward through the filter.
- the liquid discharger may be controlled to discharge the second liquid flowing into the cylinder.
- the sample preparation apparatus may further include a substitution liquid supply unit that supplies a substitution liquid for substituting a part of the solvent in the storage container to the storage container.
- the operation control unit is configured to replace at least a portion of the solvent in the storage container with the replacement liquid by discharging the second liquid from the storage container and supplying the replacement liquid to the storage container.
- the substitution liquid supply unit, the liquid separation unit, and the liquid discharge unit may be controlled.
- the operation control unit controls the substitution liquid supply unit to supply the substitution liquid to the storage container in which the liquid containing the biological sample is stored, and then the liquid in the storage container is transferred to the first cell.
- Control the liquid separation unit so as to separate into a first liquid mainly containing the second liquid and a second liquid mainly containing the second cells, and then control the liquid discharge unit so as to discharge the second liquid.
- the sample preparation apparatus may further include a cell exfoliation unit which exfoliates the first cells attached to the filter in a state of being in contact with the first liquid in the container.
- the operation control unit may control the cell exfoliation unit to exfoliate the first cell from the filter, and control the liquid acquisition unit to acquire the first liquid.
- the cell detachment unit is configured to cause the first liquid in the storage container to flow in a direction along the filtration surface of the filter in a state of being in contact with the first liquid in the storage container. It is also good.
- the cell detachment section is A rotating member provided in the container and rotating in a direction along the filtration surface of the filter in contact with the first liquid in the container; And a drive unit for driving the rotating member.
- the distance between the filtration surface of the filter and the rotating member facing the filtration surface may be 1 mm or less.
- the sample preparation device applies pressure to the first cells attached to the filter in a state of being in contact with the first liquid in the storage container from the opposite side to the surface to which the first cells are attached
- the operation control unit may control the pressure application unit to apply the pressure to the filter, and then control the liquid acquisition unit to acquire the first liquid.
- the filter may be a metal CVD filter.
- the first cells are epithelial cells of the cervix
- the second cells may include at least one selected from the group consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells and bacteria.
- the filter may have a through hole with a diameter of 8 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the sample preparation apparatus includes a cell dispersion unit that disperses cells in the biological sample. And a sample supply unit for supplying the biological sample in which cells are dispersed by the cell dispersion unit to the storage container.
- a cell analysis device comprises a container capable of containing a liquid containing a biological sample, A filter that does not pass the first cells in the biological sample and passes the second cells smaller in diameter than the first cells; A liquid separation unit configured to separate the liquid into a first liquid mainly containing the first cells and a second liquid mainly containing the second cells in the storage container via the filter; A liquid acquisition unit that acquires the first liquid separated by the liquid separation unit; A detection unit that detects the first cells from the first liquid acquired by the liquid acquisition unit; Analysis means for analyzing the first cell based on the detection result by the detection unit; It is characterized by having.
- a cell processing apparatus comprises a container capable of containing a liquid containing a biological sample; A filter that does not pass the first cells in the biological sample and passes the second cells smaller in diameter than the first cells; A liquid separation unit configured to separate the liquid into a first liquid mainly containing the first cells and a second liquid mainly containing the second cells in the storage container via the filter; A liquid acquisition unit that acquires the first liquid separated by the liquid separation unit; It is characterized by having.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cell analyzer 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the cell analyzer 1 flows a measurement sample containing cells collected from a patient into a flow cell, irradiates the measurement sample flowing through the flow cell with a laser beam, and emits light (forward scattered light, side fluorescence, etc.) from the measurement sample. By detecting and analyzing the light signal, it is used to determine whether or not the cells contain cancer cells. More specifically, the cell analysis device 1 of the present embodiment is intended for analysis of cervical epithelial cells and is used to screen for cervical cancer.
- the cell analysis device 1 performs measurement using a measuring device 2 that optically measures a measurement sample with laser light, and pretreatment such as washing or staining of a biological sample collected from a subject. , And a data processing device 4 for analyzing the measurement result of the measurement device 2 and the like.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of the measuring device 2.
- the measurement apparatus 2 includes a main detection unit 6, a signal processing unit 7, a measurement control unit 8, and an I / O interface 9.
- the main detection unit 6 detects the number and size of the measurement target cells and their nuclei from the measurement sample, and in the present embodiment, the flow cytometer 10 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is adopted. ing.
- the signal processing unit 7 includes a signal processing circuit that performs signal processing necessary for the output signal from the main detection unit 6. Further, the measurement control unit 8 includes a microprocessor 11 and a storage unit 12, and the storage unit 12 includes a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
- a control program for controlling the operation of the main detection unit 6 and the signal processing unit 7 and data necessary for executing the control program are stored in the ROM of the storage unit 12, and the microprocessor 11 Or directly from the ROM.
- the microprocessor 11 of the measurement control unit 8 is connected to the data processing unit 4 and the microprocessor 19 of the preparation control unit 16 described later via the I / O interface 9, whereby the data processed by itself and its own Data necessary for processing can be transmitted and received between the data processor 4 and the microprocessor 19 of the preparation control unit 16.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of the sample preparation device 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the sample preparation device 3 automatically performs component adjustment for the biological sample, the sub-detection unit 14, the signal processing unit 15, the preparation control unit 16, the I / O interface 17, and And the preparation device unit 18 of
- the sub-detection unit 14 detects the number of cells to be measured included in the biological sample, and in the present embodiment, the sub-detection unit 14 is also shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. A similar flow cytometer 10 is employed.
- the signal processing unit 15 includes a signal processing circuit that performs signal processing necessary for the output signal from the sub-detection unit 14.
- the preparation control unit 16 includes a microprocessor 19, a storage unit 20, a sensor driver 21, and a drive unit driver 22.
- the storage unit 20 includes a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
- the preparation device unit 18 includes the sample setting unit 24, the cell dispersion unit 25, the sample pipette unit 26, the sample quantification unit 27, the reagent quantification unit 28, and the discrimination / substitution unit 29. ing.
- the sample setting unit 24 is for setting a plurality of biological containers 53 and product containers 54 (see FIG. 7) for containing the biological sample collected from the patient and the preservation solution of the methanol main component.
- the cell dispersion unit 25 stirs the mixture of the biological sample in the living body container 53 and the storage solution to forcibly disperse the cells contained in the sample.
- sample pipette unit 26 takes out a mixed solution of a biological sample in which cells are dispersed and a preservation solution from the biological container 53 and introduces it into the fluid circuit of the preparation device unit 18 or a prepared product as a product container It returns to 54 and takes out from the same product container 54, and the sample quantitative part 27 quantifies the liquid mixture of the living body sample and preservation solution supplied to a fluid circuit.
- the reagent quantifying unit 28 is for quantifying a reagent such as a staining solution to be added to the biological sample
- the discrimination / substitution unit 29 mixes the biological sample, the storage solution and the dilution solution to obtain the storage solution and the dilution solution.
- the configuration (FIG. 7) of the fluid circuit of the preparation device unit 18 having the above-described units 24 to 29 will be described later.
- the ROM of the storage unit 20 stores a control program for controlling the operation of the sub-detection unit 14, the signal processing unit 15, the sensor driver 21 and the drive unit driver 22, and data necessary for executing this control program.
- the processor 19 can load its control program into RAM or execute it directly from ROM.
- the microprocessor 19 of the preparation control unit 16 is connected to the microprocessor 11 of the measurement control unit 8 through the I / O interface 17, whereby data processed by itself and data necessary for its processing can be It can transmit and receive with the microprocessor 11 of the measurement processing unit 8.
- microprocessor 19 of the preparation control unit 16 is connected to the drive motors constituting the sensors and the drive unit of each unit 24 to 29 of the preparation device unit 18 through the sensor driver 21 and the drive unit driver 22.
- the control program is executed on the basis of the detection signal from to control the operation of the drive unit.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of the data processing device 4.
- the data processing device 4 of the present embodiment is formed of a personal computer such as a notebook PC (may be a desktop type), for example, and mainly includes the processing main body 31, the display unit 32 and the input unit 33. It is configured.
- the processing body 31 comprises a CPU 34, a ROM 35, a RAM 36, a hard disk 37, a reading device 38, an input / output interface 39, and an image output interface 40, which are communicably connected by an internal bus. It is done.
- the CPU 34 can execute a computer program stored in the ROM 35 and a computer program loaded to the RAM 36.
- the ROM 35 is composed of a mask ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM, etc., and stores a computer program to be executed by the CPU 34 and data used for the computer program.
- the RAM 36 is configured by an SRAM, a DRAM, or the like, and is used as a work area of the CPU 34 when reading various computer programs stored in the ROM 35 and the hard disk 37 and executing those computer programs.
- various computer programs to be executed by the CPU 34 such as an operating system and an application program, and data used to execute the programs are installed.
- an operating system is installed on the hard disk 37, for example, to provide a graphical user interface environment such as Windows (registered trademark) manufactured and sold by Microsoft Corporation in the United States.
- the hard disk 37 is an operation program that transmits operation commands to the measurement control unit 8 and the preparation control unit 16, receives and analyzes measurement results obtained by the measuring device 2, and displays processed analysis results. 41 is installed.
- the operation program 41 operates on the operating system.
- the reading device 38 is constituted by a flexible disk drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD-ROM drive or the like, and can read a computer program or data recorded in a portable recording medium.
- the input / output interface 39 includes, for example, a serial interface such as USB, IEEE1394, RS-232C, a parallel interface such as SCSI, IDE, IEEE1284, an analog interface including a D / A converter, an A / D converter, etc. It is done.
- An input unit 33 including a keyboard and a mouse is connected to the input / output interface 39, and data can be input to the computer by the user's operation.
- the input / output interface 39 is also connected to the I / O interface 9 of the measuring device 2, whereby data can be transmitted and received between the measuring device 2 and the data processing device 4.
- the image output interface 40 is connected to the display unit 32 such as an LCD or a CRT, and outputs a video signal corresponding to the image data from the CPU 34 to the display unit 32.
- FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the flow cytometer 10 constituting the main detection unit 6, and FIG. 6 is a side view showing an optical system of the flow cytometer 10.
- the lens system 43 of the flow cytometer 10 condenses the laser light from the semiconductor laser 44 as a light source on the measurement sample flowing through the flow cell 45, and the condensing lens 46 The forward scattered light of the cells in the measurement sample is collected on a scattered light detector composed of a photodiode 47.
- the lens system 43 is illustrated as a single lens in FIG. 5, specifically, for example, the configuration is as shown in FIG. That is, the lens system 43 of this embodiment includes, in order from the semiconductor laser 44 side (left side in FIG. 6), the collimator lens 43a, the cylinder lens system (plano-convex cylinder lens 43b + bi-concave cylinder lens 43c), and the condenser lens system (capacitor Lens 43d + condenser lens 43e).
- the side condensing lens 48 condenses the side scattered light and the side fluorescence of the cell to be measured or the nucleus in the cell on the dichroic mirror 49.
- the mirror 49 reflects the side scattered light to the photomultiplier 50 which is a scattered light detector, and transmits the side fluorescence to the photomultiplier 51 which is a fluorescence detector. These lights reflect the characteristics of cells and nuclei in the measurement sample.
- the photodiode 47 and the photomultipliers 50 and 51 convert the received light signals into electric signals, and forward scatter light signals (FSC), side scatter light signals (SSC) and side fluorescence signals, respectively.
- FSC forward scatter light signals
- SSC side scatter light signals
- SFL side fluorescence signals
- the signals FSC, SSC and SFL processed by the signal processing unit 7 of the measuring device 2 are respectively transmitted from the I / O interface 9 to the data processing device 4 by the microprocessor 11.
- the CPU 34 of the data processing device 4 executes the operation program 41 to create a scattergram for analyzing cells and nuclei from each of the signals FSC, SSC and SFL, and based on the scattergram, it is in the measurement sample. It is determined whether or not the cells are abnormal, specifically, whether the cells are cancerous.
- a gas laser can be used instead of the semiconductor laser 44 as the light source of the flow cytometer 10, it is preferable to adopt the semiconductor laser 44 from the viewpoint of low cost, small size and low power consumption.
- the product cost can be reduced, and the apparatus can be miniaturized and power can be saved.
- a blue semiconductor laser having a short wavelength which is advantageous for narrowing down the beam is used.
- Blue semiconductor lasers are also effective for fluorescence excitation wavelengths such as PI.
- a red semiconductor laser which is low in cost and has a long life and which is stable in supply from a manufacturer may be used.
- the size of epithelial cells in the cervix is about 60 ⁇ m on average and the size of the nucleus is 5 to 7 ⁇ m.
- the frequency of cell division increases abnormally, and the nucleus becomes 10 to 15 ⁇ m in size. This makes the N / C ratio (nuclear size / cell size) larger than that of normal cells.
- the scattered light from the measurement sample flowing through the flow cell 45 is detected by the photodiode 47, and the fluorescence from the measurement sample flowing through the flow cell 45 is detected by the photomultiplier 51.
- the signal processing unit 7 of the measuring device 2 acquires the pulse width of the scattered light signal, which is a value reflecting the size of the cell to be measured, from the scattered light signal output from the photodiode 47 and from the photomultiplier 51 From the outputted fluorescence signal, the pulse width of the fluorescence signal which is a value reflecting the size of the nucleus of the cell to be measured is acquired.
- the CPU 34 of the data processing apparatus 4 constituting the analysis unit is adapted to make a decision. Specifically, the CPU 34 of the data processing device 4 determines that the cell to be measured is abnormal if the value obtained by dividing the pulse width of the fluorescence signal by the pulse width of the scattered light signal is larger than a predetermined threshold. .
- the auxiliary detection unit 14 for performing preliminary detection in the sample preparation device 3 detects the number of cells to be measured from the biological sample in the pretreatment step of preparing the sample, and in the present embodiment, FIG. A flow cytometer 10 having substantially the same configuration as that illustrated in FIG. 6 is employed.
- the sub-detection unit 14 counts the number of the cells. It is sufficient if it can output the signal for. For this reason, in the case of the flow cytometer 10 constituting the sub-detection unit 14, it is sufficient if the forward scattered light signal (FSC) can be acquired, so the side scattered light signal (SSC) and the side fluorescent signal (SFL) are acquired There is no photomultiplier 50, 51 for this purpose, but only the photodiode 47 for obtaining FSC.
- FSC forward scattered light signal
- SSC side scattered light signal
- SFL side fluorescent signal
- the light signal received by the photodiode 47 of the secondary detection unit 14 is converted into an electric signal, amplified, and sent to the signal processing unit 15 (FIG. 3) of the sample preparation device 3.
- the signal FSC processed by the signal processing unit 15 of the sample preparation device 3 is sent to the preparation control unit 16.
- the microprocessor 19 of the preparation control unit 16 counts the number of cells to be measured based on the signal FSC.
- the microprocessor 19 acquires the volume of the biological sample preliminarily collected by the sample pipette unit 26 for concentration measurement from a flow rate sensor (not shown) provided in the pipette unit 26.
- the concentration of the biological sample is calculated by dividing the cell number obtained from the signal FSC by its volume.
- the concentration information generated by the microprocessor 19 of the preparation control unit 16 may not only include the concentration of the biological sample but also other information substantially equivalent to this concentration.
- the microprocessor 19 of the preparation control unit 16 controls the preparation operation (the operation such as quantification of a biological sample or a reagent) which the preparation device unit 18 performs on the biological sample based on the concentration information generated by itself. Issue control commands to The specific contents of this control will be described later.
- FIG. 7 is a fluid circuit diagram of the preparation device unit 18.
- the specimen setting unit 24 includes a circular rotary table 24A and a drive unit 24B that rotationally drives the same, and the outer peripheral edge portion of the rotary table 24A is a mixture of a biological sample and a preservation solution
- a holder capable of setting a biological container 53 for containing a liquid and a product container (microtube) 54 for containing a product produced by the discrimination / replacement process by the discrimination / replacement unit 29 is provided.
- the cell dispersion unit 25 includes a stirring rod 25A for stirring the sample in the living body container 53 and a driving unit 25B for rotationally driving the same, and the driving unit 25B inserts the stirring rod 25A into the living body container 53. And rotate. Thus, the biological sample in the biological container 53 is agitated, and the cells contained in the biological sample can be dispersed.
- the sample pipette unit 26 aspirates the biological sample in the biological container 53, supplies the sample to the sample quantifying unit 27, and returns the product generated by the discrimination / substitution unit 29 to the product container 54.
- a first pipette 26A and a second pipette 26B for supplying a reagent such as a staining solution quantified by the reagent quantifying unit 28 to a product container 54 are provided.
- the first pipette 26A is connected to the storage container 57 of the discrimination / replacement unit 29 to be described later by a pipe line, and the liquid from which the cells to be measured are discriminated by the discrimination / replacement unit 29 is a product container by the first pipette 26A. It can be returned to 54.
- the sample quantifying unit 27 includes a metering cylinder 27A and a drive unit 27B that moves the metering piston inserted in the cylinder 27A up and down.
- the metering cylinder 27A is connected to the first pipette 26A in a pipeline via the direction switching valve V1.
- a mixed solution of a biological sample and a storage solution aspirated from the biological container 53 by the first pipette 26A is introduced into the metering cylinder 27A through the direction switching valve V1.
- the mixed liquid of the introduced biological sample and the storage liquid is sent to the next discrimination / substitution part 29 through the direction switching valve V1 by the movement of the metering piston by the drive part 27B.
- the quantification cylinder 27A of the sample quantification unit 27 is also connected by a conduit to the dilution liquid unit 55 that prepares the dilution liquid for the biological sample.
- the reagent quantifying unit 28 includes a pair of metering cylinders 28A and 28B, and a driving unit 28C for moving the metering pistons inserted respectively in the cylinders 28A and 28B up and down.
- Each of the metering cylinders 28A and 28B is connected to the second pipette 26B in a pipeline via the supply switching valves V2 and V3, respectively.
- the reagent in the reagent container is supplied to each of the metering cylinders 28A and 28B.
- the supplied reagent is quantified by a predetermined amount by the movement of the metering piston by the drive unit 28C, and the quantified reagent is sent to the second pipette 26B through the supply switching valves V2, V3. For this reason, it is possible to mix each of a plurality of types of predetermined amounts of reagents quantified by the reagent quantifying unit 28 with respect to the discriminated sample returned to the product container 54 of the sample setting unit 24.
- the reagent to be measured by one quantitative cylinder 28A and added to the biological sample is a dye solution for performing PI staining
- the reagent to be measured by the other quantitative cylinder 28B and added to the biological sample is RNA treatment of the cells It is RNase for doing.
- PI staining is performed with propidium iodide (PI), a fluorescent staining solution containing a dye.
- PI staining nuclei are selectively stained, so that fluorescence from the nuclei can be detected.
- RNA processing is processing for dissolving RNA in cells. Since the dye solution stains both the RNA and DNA of epithelial cells, the above RNA treatment dissolves the RNA and prevents staining by the dye solution, making it possible to accurately measure the DNA of the cell nucleus. .
- the discriminator / replacement unit 29 includes a container 57 having an upper opening shape, a filtration cylinder 58 vertically movably inserted in the container 57, and a drive unit 59 for moving the filtration cylinder 58 vertically in the container 57. Is equipped.
- the storage container 57 is connected by a pipe line to the quantification cylinder 27A of the sample quantification unit 27 via the direction switching valves V1, V7, V4. For this reason, the mixed solution of the biological sample and the storage solution quantified by the sample quantifying unit 27 is supplied to the storage container 57 through the direction switching valves V1, V7 and V4, and can be temporarily held inside the container 57. . In addition, the biological sample in the storage container 57 which has been discriminated is sent to the first pipette 26A through the same route.
- the storage container 57 is connected to the outside of the storage container 57 via the switching valve V9, and the inside of the storage container 57 can be open to the atmosphere by opening the switching valve V9. Further, the flow cell 45 of the sub-detection unit 14 is interposed in a pipe line portion to the direction switching valve V4 and the discarding unit 61. For this reason, the sub-detection unit 14 can count the number of cells in the discriminated biological sample discharged from the storage container 57.
- the filtration cylinder 58 is formed of a hollow cylinder provided at its lower portion with a filter 60 which does not allow the cells to be measured (epithelial cells) to pass through and cells smaller in diameter (such as red blood cells and white blood cells) pass through. Is connected to the diluent unit 55 via a switching valve V5. Therefore, the dilution liquid of the dilution liquid unit 55 can be supplied to the inside of the filtration cylinder 58 by opening the switching valve V5.
- the drive unit 59 of the discrimination / replacement unit 29 moves the filtration cylinder 58 downward with respect to the storage container 57 containing the mixture of the biological sample, the storage liquid and the dilution liquid, and the filter 60 of the filtration cylinder 58 is stored. It moves downward through the mixed liquid in the container 57.
- the liquid mainly containing the cells to be measured remains below the filter 60 as a residual liquid, and the liquid mainly containing other cells and contaminants remains above the filter 60 (inside the filtration cylinder 58) as filtrate. .
- the filtration cylinder 58 is connected by a pipeline to the filtrate disposal unit 61 via the switching valve V6. Therefore, the filtrate filtered by the lowering of the filtration cylinder 58 is discarded to the outside through the switching valve V6.
- the residual liquid after the filtration is for measuring the concentration of a biological sample
- the residual liquid in the filtration cylinder 58 is disposed of the secondary detection unit 14 through the direction switching valve V4 after discarding the filtrate. , And then discarded to the discard unit 61.
- the same residual liquid is for preparing a measurement sample, it is returned from the first pipette 26A to the product container 54.
- the quantification cylinder 27A of the sample quantification unit 27 is also connected to the main detection unit 6 of the measurement apparatus 2 via the direction switching valves V1 and V7 by a pipeline. Then, the measurement sample in the product container 54 is quantified by the sample quantifying unit 27 via the first pipette 26A, and is supplied to the main detection unit 6 of the measuring device 2 through the valves V1 and V7. There is.
- the operation control for the drive units and switching valves (electromagnetic valves) V1 to V7 of each unit shown in FIG. 7 is performed based on a control command from the preparation control unit 16 (microprocessor 19). Moreover, the pre-processing process which this preparation control part 16 performs is mentioned later.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a more specific configuration of the discrimination / replacement unit 29, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory view for showing its filtering action.
- the discrimination / replacement unit 29 of the present embodiment does not allow the first cell C1 in the biological sample to pass through and the first cell C1 can be accommodated in the accommodation container 57 capable of accommodating the liquid L containing the biological sample.
- a filter 60 for passing the second cell C2 having a diameter smaller than C1.
- the discrimination / substitution unit 29 allows the liquid L to pass through the filter 60 to make the first liquid L 1 mainly containing the first cells C 1 and the second liquid L 2 mainly containing the second cells C 2.
- the filtration cylinder 58 is provided which functions as a liquid separation unit for separating L.
- the storage container 57 integrally has a hollow body portion 57A having an axial center directed in the vertical direction, and a bottom portion 57B connected to the lower portion of the body portion 57A and having a central portion recessed downward and a flat inner surface. doing.
- the discriminator / replacement unit 29 is provided with a rod-shaped stirrer bar (stirring bar) 68 that rotates by magnetic force in the vicinity of the inner surface of the bottom 57B of the storage container 57. It comprises a magnet 69 for feeding and a drive motor 70 for rotating the magnet 69. Therefore, the liquid in the storage container 57 can be stirred by rotating the magnet 69 by the drive motor 70 and rotating the stirrer bar 68.
- stirrer bar stirrer bar
- the filtration cylinder 58 is connected to the positive pressure source 71 via a switching valve V8. For this reason, positive pressure can be supplied to the inside of the filtration cylinder 58 by opening the switching valve V8.
- the filtration cylinder 58 is a hollow cylindrical cylinder 63 which is vertically movably inserted into the storage container 57 via the seal member 62, and the filter 60 provided so as to close the lower end opening of the cylinder 63. And have.
- an epithelial cell of the cervix is assumed as the first cell C1, and the size of the epithelial cell is approximately 20 to 80 ⁇ m (average is about 60 ⁇ m).
- the size of the red blood cell which is the second cell C2 smaller than the first cell C1 is approximately 7 to 10 ⁇ m
- the size of the white blood cell which is the same second cell C2 is approximately 8 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the size of contaminants such as bacteria which are the second cells C2 is about 1 to several ⁇ m or so.
- the filter 60 has a diameter of 8 to 20 ⁇ m, which is smaller than 20 ⁇ m, so that epithelial cells do not pass through the holes of the filter 60 even when pressure is applied to the liquid in the storage container 57.
- Metal CVD with holes Chemical (Chemical)
- the vapor deposition (chemical vapor deposition) filter is adopted.
- Such a metal CVD filter has an advantage that the deformation of the through hole is less than that of other resin filters or metal filters, even if they are metal filters, and the aperture ratio can be increased.
- the pore diameter of the filter 60 is set to 8 to 20 ⁇ m, many phenomena in which cells and contaminants are prematurely clogged in the through holes are observed if the pore diameter is less than 8 ⁇ m. When pressure is applied to the epithelial cells, epithelial cells often pass through the holes.
- the pore diameter of the filter 60 is more preferably around 15 ⁇ m.
- the bottom portion 57B of the storage container 57 is connected to a residual liquid conduit 64 for discharging and acquiring the residual liquid L1 after introduction of the quantified biological sample and filtration, and the middle portion of the conduit 64 is connected to the bottom portion 57B.
- the direction switching valve V4 is provided. Therefore, the residual liquid conduit 64 and the direction switching valve V4 constitute a liquid acquisition unit for acquiring the first liquid L1 separated by the filtration cylinder 58 which is a liquid separation unit.
- a dilution liquid pipe 65 communicating with the dilution liquid unit 55 is connected to the upper wall portion of the cylinder 63, and the switching valve V5 is provided at a middle portion of the pipe 65.
- the upper wall of the cylinder 63 is connected to a filtrate pipeline 66 leading to the discarding section 61 for discarding the filtrate L2 after filtration to the outside, and the switching valve V6 is connected to the middle of the pipeline 66. It is provided. Therefore, the filtrate pipe 66 and the switching valve V6 constitute a liquid discharge unit for discharging the second liquid L2 separated by the filtration cylinder 58 which is a liquid separation unit to the outside.
- a moving mechanism 67 that converts the rotational movement of the drive unit 59, which is a motor or the like, into vertical movement of the cylinder 63 is connected.
- the drive unit 59 of the movement mechanism unit 67 drives the filtration cylinder 58 in accordance with a control command from the preparation control unit 16 (microprocessor 19).
- the filter 60 is in the liquid L from above the liquid surface of the liquid L in the storage container 57
- the filtration cylinder 58 is lowered so as to move downward.
- the liquid in which most of the cells contained therein are the first cells (epithelial cells) C1 remains under the filter 60 in the storage container 57 as residual liquid L1, and others
- the second cell C2 contaminants such as red blood cells, white blood cells and bacteria
- the preparation control unit 16 controls the drive unit 59 of the moving mechanism unit 65 so that the filter 60 which has been moved toward the inside of the liquid L returns upward by a predetermined distance. Specifically, the preparation control unit 16 lowers the filtration cylinder 58 until the filter 60 reaches the lower limit set at or near the bottom portion 57B, and then the moving mechanism moves the filter 60 upward by a predetermined distance. Control the unit 67; By this upward return, the first cells C1 attached to the lower surface of the filter 60 can be detached from the filter 60.
- the preparation control unit 16 first discharges the filtrate L2 to the outside prior to the residual liquid L1 as shown in FIG. 9C by opening the switching valve V6, and thereafter the residual liquid L1 is The direction switching valve V4 is opened for acquisition.
- FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are flowcharts showing processing performed by each control unit 8, 16, 31 of the cell analyzer 1.
- the processing flow performed by the control unit (processing main body) 31 of the data processing device 4 is shown in the right column, and the processing flow performed by the control unit 8 of the measuring device 2 is shown in the left column.
- FIG. 11 shows the processing flow performed by the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 in a line, but this processing flow is connected to the processing flow of FIG. 10 at points A, B and C in the figure.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 the contents of processing performed by the cell analysis device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
- the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 displays a menu screen on the display unit 32 (step S1). Thereafter, when a measurement start instruction according to the menu screen is received from the input unit 33 (step S2), the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 transmits a measurement start signal to the measurement device 2 (step S3).
- the control unit 8 of the measurement device 2 transmits a preparation start signal to the sample preparation device 3 (step S5 and point A).
- the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 receives the preparation start signal (step S6), it suctions the reagent (staining liquid, RNase) used for preparation of the measurement sample into the flow channel in the device and The cells in the mixture of the biological sample contained therein and the preservation solution of methanol as a main component are dispersed in the cell dispersion unit 25 (steps S7 and S8).
- control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 sucks the dispersed mixed solution from the living body container 53 into the flow passage in the device by a predetermined amount (step S9), and sends it to the storage container 57 of the discrimination / substitution unit 29.
- the discrimination / replacement unit 29 performs discrimination / replacement processing on the mixture of the biological sample and the storage solution (step S10).
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the discrimination / replacement process.
- the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 mixes the dilution liquid in the storage container 57 containing the mixed liquid of the biological sample and the storage liquid (step T1). More specifically, after supplying the mixed solution to the storage container 57, the diluted solution is introduced into the cylinder 63 located slightly above the lower limit, and then the mixed solution is raised by raising the cylinder 63 to the upper limit position. Mix the solution with the diluent.
- the cylinder 63 is lowered to its lower limit position (step T2). Due to the lowering of the cylinder 63, as described above, the liquid L in the storage container 57 mainly includes the residual liquid L1 of a predetermined amount mainly containing the first cells C1 to be measured, and the filtrate mainly containing the cells C2 other than this. It is distinguished from L2. After that, the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 raises the cylinder 63 by a predetermined distance when reaching the lower limit position of the cylinder 63 (step T3). Thereby, the first cells (epithelial cells) C1 attached to the lower surface of the filter 60 can be suspended in the concentrate L1 below the filter 60.
- the upward movement of the cylinder 63 in this process may be a speed and a stroke that can physically detach the first cell C1 from the filter 60, and the number of times of movement may be multiple times.
- the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 discharges the filtrate L2 above the filter 60 to the outside (step T4).
- the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 rotates the magnet 69 by the drive motor 70 to rotate the stirrer bar 68 in the storage container 57 (step T5).
- the rotation of the stirrer bar 68 generates a horizontal circular flow in the concentrate L1 in the storage container 57, which generates a horizontal shear force on the lower surface of the filter 60. Therefore, the first cells (epithelial cells) C1 attached to the lower surface of the filter 60 can be detached by the shear force and suspended in the concentrate L1 below the filter 60.
- the distance between the lower surface (filtering surface) of the filter 60 and the surface on the filter 60 side of the stirrer bar 68 facing the lower surface is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 mm or less More preferably, it is 0.6 mm or less.
- the number of rotations of the magnet 69 for rotating the stirrer bar 68, ie, the number of rotations of the drive motor 70 is preferably in the range of 1000 to 2000 rpm, more preferably about 1300 rpm.
- control unit 16 opens the switching valve V9 to open the space between the inner peripheral surface of the body portion 57A of the storage container 57 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 63 to the atmosphere, and opens the switching valve V6.
- Negative pressure is applied in the filtration cylinder 58 (step T6).
- the discarding unit 61 is configured to function as a negative pressure source.
- the concentrate L1 present between the inner peripheral surface of the body portion 57A of the storage container 57 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 63 can be moved to the lower side of the filter 60. As a result, a little liquid portion exists above the filter 60.
- control unit 16 closes the switching valve V6 and then opens the switching valve V8 so that a positive pressure (for example, 15 kPa) is applied from the positive pressure source 71 into the filtration cylinder 58 for a predetermined time (for example, 0.1 seconds) Grant (step T7).
- a positive pressure for example, 15 kPa
- a predetermined time for example, 0.1 seconds
- Grant step T7
- pressure can be applied to the through holes of the filter 60 from the upper side of the filter 60, so that the first cells (epithelial cells) C1 filling the through holes of the filter 60 are removed to concentrate under the filter 60. It can be suspended in the liquid L1.
- step T8 the switching valves V8 and V9 are closed (step T8), and the rotation of the stirrer bar 68 is stopped (step T9).
- the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 determines whether the lowering of the cylinder 63 is the second time (step T10).
- the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 repeats the filtration from the mixing of the dilution liquid again, and when it is the second time, ends the processing routine of the discrimination / replacement process. Do. Note that this discrimination / replacement operation is not limited to twice, and may be performed more than twice.
- the discrimination / replacement process it is possible to obtain a liquid which mainly contains the first cell (epithelial cell) C1 which is a measurement target cell and in which the number of second cells C2 other than the measurement target cell is reduced. Further, the concentration of the storage solution in the liquid (the mixture of the biological sample and the storage solution) supplied from the biological container 53 to the storage container 57 by the above discrimination / replacement processing is replaced with the majority of the storage solution. It can be diluted by doing. Therefore, in the DNA staining process described later, the influence of the preservation solution can be reduced, and the DNA of the cell to be measured can be stained favorably.
- this discrimination / replacement processing replacement processing of the storage solution and the dilution liquid can be performed while performing discrimination processing of cells, so the discrimination processing can be performed in a short time as compared to the case where these two processings are performed separately. And replacement processing can be performed.
- the first cell (epithelial cell) C1 attached to the lower surface of the filter 60 is sheared off by rotating the stirrer bar 68, and the concentrate under the filter 60 is removed.
- the first cells (epithelial cells) C1 filling the through holes of the filter 60 are removed by applying pressure to the through holes of the filter 60 from the upper side of the filter 60 while suspending in the L1 to remove the first cells (epithelial cells) It can be suspended in the concentrate L1. Therefore, the first cells (epithelial cells) C1 attached to the filter can be efficiently recovered without loss.
- Table 1 is data showing how much the recovery rate of epithelial cells is improved when rotating the stirrer bar and / or applying positive pressure to the through holes of the filter.
- the positive pressure was applied by applying a pressure of 15 kPa for 0.1 seconds, and as a stirrer bar, a cruciform convex portion was formed on the upper surface of the disc, which was rotated at 1400 rpm .
- Example 6 of Table 1 it can be seen that application of a positive pressure of 15 kPa increases the recovery of approximately 35% epithelial cells as compared to the case where there is neither positive pressure nor rotation of the stirrer bar. .
- the stirrer bar is rotated at 1400 rpm (Examples 1, 2, 4, and 5)
- the recovery rate of epithelial cells is increased by about 43 to 110% as compared with the case where neither positive pressure nor rotation of the stirrer bar occurs. I know what to do.
- step S10 when the discrimination / replacement process (step S10) is completed, the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 controls the flow cell 45 of the secondary detection unit 14 The liquid is fed (step S11), and the secondary detection unit 14 is used to perform pre-measurement of the concentrate L1 by flow cytometry (step S12).
- This pre-measurement is for obtaining concentration information reflecting the concentration of the measurement target cell (epithelial cell) C1 contained in the biological sample before the main measurement performed by the measuring device 2 for cancer determination, for example, It is carried out by detecting the number of cells of the cell C1 contained in the concentrate L1.
- the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 discharges the concentrate L1 to the discarding unit 61 (step S13), calculates the concentration of the biological sample (step S14), and based on this concentration information,
- the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 aspirates the biological sample from the biological container 53 by the necessary amount described above (step S16), and executes the above discrimination / replacement process again on this biological sample (step S16) S17).
- control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 determines the amount of the biological sample for preparation of the measurement sample to be used for the main measurement based on the concentration information of the cell C1 generated by itself and is determined.
- the preparation device unit 18 of the sample preparation device 3 is controlled to obtain a quantity of biological sample.
- control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 determines the amount of the biological sample used to prepare the measurement sample to be larger as the concentration of the cell C1 in the biological sample decreases, and the concentration of the cell C1 in the biological sample Higher the lower the amount of biological sample used to prepare the measurement sample.
- the number of cells C1 detected by the main detection unit 34 is not limited to the above-mentioned 100,000, which is the number of significant cells for cancer detection, for example, The amount of the biological sample used to prepare the measurement sample may be determined so as to fall within a predetermined range such as 100,000 to 150,000.
- control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 determines not only the amount of the biological sample but also the amount of the reagent for preparing the measurement sample based on the concentration information of the cell C1 generated by itself. It is also possible to control the preparation device unit 18 of the sample preparation device 3 so as to obtain the same amount of reagent.
- the ratio of the number of cells C1 in the biological sample to the amount of the reagent is within a predetermined range based on the concentration information of the cells C1 generated by itself.
- the preparation device unit 18 of the sample preparation device 3 can be controlled to determine the amount of at least one of the biological sample and the reagent, and obtain the determined amount of the biological sample or the reagent.
- the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 supplies the concentrate L1 obtained by the second discrimination / replacement process to the product container (microtube) 54 (step S18), and stores it in the device.
- the staining solution and RNase that had been used are supplied from the reagent quantifying unit 28 to the product container 54 (step S19), and DNA staining and RNA processing are performed in the product container 54 to prepare a measurement sample (step S19). S20).
- control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 sends the obtained measurement sample to the main detection unit 6 of the measurement device 2 (step S21 and point B).
- the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 always determines whether or not the shutdown signal from the measurement device 2 has been received (step S22 and point C), and when the signal has not been received, The process returns to step S6 to determine whether or not the preparation start signal is received, and when the signal is received, shutdown is performed to end the sample preparation process (step S23).
- the control unit 8 of the measuring device 2 constantly determines whether or not there is a supply of the measuring sample from the sample preparing device 3 (step S24). Therefore, when the measurement sample is sent from the sample preparation device 3 (point B), the control unit 8 of the measurement device 2 sends the measurement sample to the flow cell 45 of the main measurement unit 14 and The main measurement is performed (step S25), and the measurement data is transmitted to the data processing device 4 (step S26).
- the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 always determines whether measurement data has been received from the measurement device 2 (step S27).
- the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 analyzes the cells and nuclei using the measurement data, and determines whether or not the cells in the measurement sample are cancerous, etc. (Step S28).
- control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 causes the display unit 32 to display the analysis result (step S29), and determines whether or not there is a shutdown instruction by user input (step S30).
- the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 transmits a shutdown signal to the measuring device 2 (step S31).
- the control unit 8 of the measuring device 2 constantly determines whether or not the shutdown signal from the data processing device 4 is received (step S32), and when the signal is not received, The process returns to step S4 in which it is determined whether the signal is received, and when the signal is received, the shutdown signal is transferred to the sample preparing device 3 (step S33), and shutdown is performed to finish the measurement process (step S34). .
- the cell analyzer 1 of the present embodiment since the liquid mainly containing the first cell C1 having the larger diameter is obtained as it is, the measurement target cell trapped on the filter is obtained. There is no need to separate and recover from the filter and the like, and the first cell C1, which is the cell to be measured, can be easily recovered. Therefore, it is possible to easily recover the measurement target cells discriminated from other cells by the filter, and to use a sample to be measured which is suitable for the analysis of the measurement target cells by using the measurement target cells thus recovered. It can be easily prepared by the preparation device 3. Therefore, the measurement result in which the influence of cells other than the measurement target cell is reduced can be acquired, and the analysis of the measurement target cell can be performed with high accuracy.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a cell analysis device 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the cell analysis device 1 of the second embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that all the devices necessary for the pre-measurement performed by the sample preparation device 3 are integrated into the inside of the measurement device 2.
- the configuration and function of each element are the same as in the first embodiment. Therefore, about the composition and function of each part of measuring device 2, the detailed explanation is omitted by attaching the referential mark used in a 1st embodiment also to each part of FIG.
- FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 respectively show the first half and the second half of the flowchart showing the processing performed by the control units 8 and 31 of the cell analyzer 1 according to the second embodiment.
- D to I in FIG. 14 are respectively connected to D to I in FIG.
- the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 causes the display unit 32 to display a menu screen (step S1).
- the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 transmits a measurement start signal to the measurement device 2 (step S3).
- control part 8 of measuring device 2 performs processing which control part 16 of sample preparation device 3 performed in a 1st embodiment. That is, when receiving the measurement start signal (step S4), the control unit 8 of the measuring device 2 sucks the reagent (staining liquid, RNase) used for preparation of the measurement sample into the flow channel in the device and The cells in the mixture of the biological sample contained therein and the preservation solution of methanol as a main component are dispersed in the cell dispersion unit 25 (steps S7 and S8).
- reagent staining liquid, RNase
- control unit 8 of the measuring device 2 performs the same processing as in the case of the control unit 16 of the sample preparation device 3 in the first embodiment until the measurement sample is sent to the main detecting unit 6 (steps S7 to S21). ). Then, when the control unit 8 of the measurement device 2 sends the measurement sample to the flow cell 45 of the main detection unit 6, the control unit 8 performs the main measurement on the cell C1 of the measurement sample (step S25). (Step S26).
- the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 after transmitting the measurement start signal, the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 always determines whether measurement data has been received from the measurement device 2 (step S27). Therefore, when the measurement data is received from the measurement device 2, the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 analyzes the cells and nuclei using the measurement data, and determines whether the cells in the measurement sample are cancerous or not. It determines (step S28). Further, the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 causes the display unit 32 to display the analysis result (step S29), and determines whether or not there is a shutdown instruction by user input (step S30).
- the control unit 31 of the data processing device 4 transmits a shutdown signal to the measuring device 2 (step S31).
- the control unit 8 of the measuring device 2 constantly determines whether or not the shutdown signal from the data processing device 4 is received (step S32), and when the signal is not received, The process returns to step S4 to determine whether the signal is received. If the signal is received, shutdown is performed and the measurement process is ended (step S34).
- the reservoir for the reagent does not have to be included in the fluid circuit in the device as shown in FIG. 7, and the reagent in the reservoir outside the device is introduced into the fluid circuit through the reagent quantifying portion 28.
- a fresh biological sample is aspirated from the biological container 53 and supplied to the discrimination / replacement unit 29, and the discrimination solution C1 is again discriminated.
- the measurement sample is prepared using the above method, but the concentrate C1 used for measuring the concentration of the epithelial cell C1 can be used as it is as a raw material of the measurement sample.
- the epithelial cell C1 in the cervix is used as a measurement target cell, but the canceration determination is also performed on other epithelial cells such as oral cells, bladder and pharynx, and epithelial cells of organs.
- the main detection unit 6 and the sub-detection unit 14 are separately installed. However, it is possible to use an apparatus configuration in which these detection units 6 and 14 are shared by one flow cytometer 10. You can also.
- the secondary detection unit 14 that counts the number of cells C1 in the biological sample
- the liquid in the living body container 53 (the mixed liquid of the biological sample and the storage liquid) is aspirated by the pipette 26A, and the aspirated liquid is accommodated in the container 57 of the discrimination / replacement unit 29 through the conduit.
- the pipette 26A is movable, and after the liquid in the biological container 53 is aspirated by the pipette 26A, the pipette 26A is moved to the storage container 57 of the discrimination / replacement unit 29, and then the pipette 26A is moved.
- the liquid may be discharged from the container 57 into the container 57.
- the discrimination / replacement unit 29 adopts a closed system, and the liquid L in the storage container 57 is made into the first liquid L1 and the second liquid L2 by moving the filtration cylinder 58 vertically in the storage container 57.
- the discriminator / displacement unit 29 adopts an open system, applies a negative pressure in the filtration cylinder 58, and moves the filtration cylinder 58 downward following the rise of the liquid level of the first liquid L1.
- the liquid L in the storage container 57 may be separated into the first liquid L1 and the second liquid L2.
- the filter 60 is moved downward from above the liquid surface of the liquid L (mixed liquid of biological sample and dilution liquid) in the storage container 57 toward the liquid, whereby the liquid L is liquid
- the filter 60 is fixed to a predetermined position in the storage container 57, and the liquid L is allowed to pass through the filter 60 to separate the liquid L into the liquid L1 and the liquid L2.
- the filter 60 is fixed at a predetermined position below the storage container 57, and the liquid L is introduced into the storage container 57 from below the filter 60 in such an amount that the liquid level rises to the upper side of the filter 60.
- the liquid L may be allowed to pass through 60 and then the liquid present below the filter 60 in the storage container 57 may be acquired.
- the sample quantifying unit 27, the valves V1, V7, and V4 constitute a liquid separation unit that allows the liquid L to pass through the filter 60 and separates the liquid L into the liquid L1 and the liquid L2. Also by this, only cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells other than the epithelial cells as the measurement target cells pass through the filter 60, and the epithelial cells as the measurement target cells do not pass through the filter 60. Since the liquid remains in the lower liquid, it is possible to obtain a liquid in which the number of cells other than the measurement target cell is reduced.
- the measurement sample prepared by the sample preparation device 3 is measured by a flow cytometer, but the measurement sample prepared by the sample preparation device 3 is smeared on a slide glass to prepare a smear.
- a smear preparation apparatus may be provided, and a cell image processing apparatus for imaging the prepared smear and analyzing epithelial cells in the captured image may be provided. Since a slide glass is smeared with a measurement sample in which the number of cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells is reduced, analysis of epithelial cells which are cells to be measured can be performed with high accuracy.
- the dilution liquid is contained in the containing container 57.
- the storage solution and the dilution solution of the main component of methanol are replaced with each other by performing discrimination / replacement processing inside, but the storage of the solvent and the main component of methanol suitable for PI staining at the time of preparing the measurement sample The liquid may be replaced. This makes it possible to better prepare the measurement sample.
- the liquid L in the storage container 57 is separated into the first liquid L1 and the second liquid L2 by stopping the storage container 57 and moving the filtration cylinder 58 in the vertical direction.
- the liquid L in the storage container 57 may be separated into the first liquid L1 and the second liquid L2 by stopping the filtration cylinder 58 and moving the storage container 57 in the vertical direction.
- the liquid L in the storage container 57 may be separated into the first liquid L1 and the second liquid L2 by moving the storage container 57 in the opposite direction in synchronization with the movement of the direction.
- the first cell (epithelial cell) C1 attached to the lower surface of the filter 60 is peeled off by shear force.
- the first cells C1 attached to the lower surface of the filter 60 may be detached by swinging the filtration cylinder 58 provided with the filter 60 in the horizontal direction or rotating the filtration cylinder 58 in the horizontal direction.
- pressure is applied to the through hole of the filter 60 from above the filter 60 after the stirrer bar 68 is rotated, but pressure is applied to the through hole of the filter 60 from above the filter 60
- the stirrer bar 68 may be rotated later.
- pressure is applied to the through holes of the filter 60 from the upper side of the filter 60.
- the filter 60 is The pressure may be applied to the through holes of
- the concentrate L1 in the container 57 is sent out of the container 57.
- the concentrate L1 is rotated while the stirrer bar 68 is rotated. May be sent out of the storage container 57.
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Abstract
Description
具体的には、フィルタによって他の細胞から弁別された測定対象細胞を容易に回収する技術に関する。
このため、測定対象細胞とこれ以外の他の細胞とを弁別して、測定対象細胞のみを容易に回収する技術が求められる。
前記生体試料中の第1細胞を通過させず、かつ、前記第1細胞よりも小径の第2細胞を通過させるフィルタと、
前記収容容器内で前記フィルタを介して、前記第1細胞を主に含む第1液体と、前記第2細胞を主に含む第2液体とに前記液体を分離する液体分離部と、
前記液体分離部により分離された前記第1液体を取得する液体取得部と、
前記液体取得部により取得された前記第1液体と所定の試薬とから測定試料を調製する試料調製部と、
を備えていることを特徴としている。
前記試料調製装置は、前記移動機構部の移動を制御する動作制御部を更に備えていてもよい。
前記動作制御部は、前記収容容器に収容された前記液体の液面上方から前記底部又はその近傍まで前記フィルタを移動させてから、同フィルタを所定距離だけ上方に戻すように前記移動機構部を制御し、その後、前記第1液体を取得するように前記液体取得部を制御してもよい。
前記動作制御部は、前記第2液体を排出した後に前記収容容器内に残った前記第1液体を取得するように前記液体排出部及び前記液体取得部を制御してもよい。
前記動作制御部は、前記フィルタが前記収容容器に収容された前記液体の液面上方からその液中に向かって移動するように前記シリンダを下方移動させ、前記シリンダの下方移動により前記フィルタを通って当該シリンダ内に流入した前記第2液体を排出するように前記液体排出部を制御してもよい。
前記動作制御部は、前記収容容器からの前記第2液体の排出と、前記収容容器への前記置換液の供給とによって、前記収容容器内の溶媒の少なくとも一部が前記置換液に置換されるよう、前記置換液供給部、前記液体分離部および前記液体排出部を制御してもよい。
前記動作制御部は、前記フィルタから前記第1細胞を剥離するように前記細胞剥離部を制御し、前記第1液体を取得するように前記液体取得部を制御してもよい。
前記収容容器内に設けられ、前記収容容器内の前記第1液体に接触した状態の前記フィルタのろ過面に沿った方向に回転する回転部材と、
前記回転部材を駆動させるための駆動部と、を更に備えていてもよい。
前記動作制御部は、前記フィルタに対して前記圧力を付与するよう前記圧力付与部を制御し、その後、前記第1液体を取得するよう前記液体取得部を制御してもよい。
前記第2細胞は赤血球、白血球及び細菌からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含んでいてもよい。
前記細胞分散部により細胞が分散された前記生体試料を前記収容容器に供給する試料供給部と、を更に備えていてもよい。
前記生体試料中の第1細胞を通過させず、かつ、前記第1細胞よりも小径の第2細胞を通過させるフィルタと、
前記収容容器内で前記フィルタを介して、前記第1細胞を主に含む第1液体と、前記第2細胞を主に含む第2液体とに前記液体を分離する液体分離部と、
前記液体分離部により分離された前記第1液体を取得する液体取得部と、
前記液体取得部により取得された前記第1液体から前記第1細胞を検出する検出部と、
前記検出部による検出結果に基づいて、前記第1細胞を分析する分析手段と、
を備えていることを特徴としている。
前記生体試料中の第1細胞を通過させず、かつ、前記第1細胞よりも小径の第2細胞を通過させるフィルタと、
前記収容容器内で前記フィルタを介して、前記第1細胞を主に含む第1液体と、前記第2細胞を主に含む第2液体とに前記液体を分離する液体分離部と、
前記液体分離部により分離された前記第1液体を取得する液体取得部と、
を備えていることを特徴としている。
[第1実施形態]
〔細胞分析装置の全体構成〕
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る細胞分析装置1の斜視図である。
この細胞分析装置1は、患者から採取した細胞を含む測定試料をフローセルに流し、このフローセルを流れる測定試料にレーザ光を照射し、測定試料からの光(前方散乱光、側方蛍光など)を検出してその光信号を分析することで、細胞に癌細胞が含まれているか否かを判断するのに用いられる。
より具体的には、本実施形態の細胞分析装置1は、子宮頸部の上皮細胞を分析対象としており、子宮頸癌をスクリーニングするのに用いられるものである。
図2は、測定装置2の内部構成を示すブロック図である。
図2に示すように、この測定装置2は、主検出部6と、信号処理部7と、測定制御部8と、I/Oインタフェース9とを備えている。
このうち、主検出部6は、測定試料から測定対象細胞やその核の数及びサイズ等を検出するものであり、本実施の形態では、図5及び図6に示すフローサイトメータ10が採用されている。
測定制御部8のマイクロプロセッサ11は、I/Oインタフェース9を介して、データ処理装置4と後述する調製制御部16のマイクロプロセッサ19に繋がっており、これにより、自身が処理したデータや自身の処理に必要なデータを、データ処理装置4及び調製制御部16のマイクロプロセッサ19との間で送受信できるようになっている。
図3は、試料調製装置3の内部構成を示すブロック図である。
図3に示すように、この試料調製装置3は、副検出部14と、信号処理部15と、調製制御部16と、I/Oインタフェース17と、生体試料に対する成分調整を自動的に行うための調製デバイス部18とを備えている。
信号処理部15は、副検出部14からの出力信号に必要な信号処理を行う信号処理回路よりなる。調製制御部16は、マイクロプロセッサ19と、記憶部20と、センサドライバ21と、駆動部ドライバ22とを含んでおり、記憶部20は、ROM及びRAM等よりなる。
このうち、検体セット部24は、患者から採取された生体試料とメタノール主成分の保存液とを収容する複数の生体容器53や生成物容器54(図7参照)をセットするためのものであり、細胞分散部25は、生体容器53内の生体試料と保存液との混合液を攪拌して試料に含まれる細胞を強制的に分散させるものである。
図4は、データ処理装置4の内部構成を示すブロック図である。
図4に示すように、本実施形態のデータ処理装置4は、例えばノートPC(デスクトップ型でもよい。)等のパーソナルコンピュータよりなり、処理本体31と、表示部32と、入力部33とから主構成されている。
CPU34は、ROM35に記憶されているコンピュータプログラムやRAM36にロードされたコンピュータプログラムを実行することが可能である。
RAM36は、SRAM又はDRAMなどで構成され、ROM35及びハードディスク37に記録されている各種のコンピュータプログラムの読み出しや、それらのコンピュータプログラムを実行するときのCPU34の作業領域として利用される。
また、ハードディスク37には、例えば、米マイクロソフト社が製造販売するWindows(登録商標)等のグラフィカルユーザインターフェース環境を提供する、オペレーティングシステムがインストールされている。
入出力インタフェース39は、例えば、USB、IEEE1394、RS-232Cなどのシリアルインタフェース、SCSI、IDE、IEEE1284などのパラレルインタフェース、及びD/A変換器、A/D変換器などからなるアナログインタフェースなどから構成されている。
また、入出力インタフェース39は、測定装置2のI/Oインタフェース9とも接続されており、これにより、測定装置2とデータ処理装置4との間でデータの送受信を行うことができる。
図5は、前記主検出部6を構成するフローサイトメータ10の機能ブロック図であり、図6は、そのフローサイトメータ10の光学系を示す側面図である。
図5に示すように、このフローサイトメータ10のレンズ系43は、光源である半導体レーザ44からのレーザ光を、フローセル45を流れる測定試料に集光するものであり、集光レンズ46は、測定試料中の細胞の前方散乱光をフォトダイオード47よりなる散乱光検出器に集光するものである。
すなわち、本実施の形態のレンズ系43は、半導体レーザ44側(図6の左側)から順に、コリメータレンズ43a、シリンダレンズ系(平凸シリンダレンズ43b+両凹シリンダレンズ43c)及びコンデンサレンズ系(コンデンサレンズ43d+コンデンサレンズ43e)とから構成されている。
データ処理装置4のCPU34は、前記操作プログラム41を実行することにより、各信号FSC,SSC,SFLから細胞や核を分析するためのスキャッタグラムを作成し、このスキャッタグラムに基づいて、測定試料中の細胞が異常であるか否か、具体的には癌化した細胞であるか否かを判定する。
そこで、本実施の形態では、フローセル45を流れる測定試料からの散乱光をフォトダイオード47で検出するとともに、フローセル45を流れる測定試料からの蛍光をフォトマルチプライヤ51で検出する。
具体的には、データ処理装置4のCPU34は、は、蛍光信号のパルス幅を散乱光信号のパルス幅で除した値が所定の閾値より大きい場合に、測定対象細胞が異常であると判定する。
試料調製装置3において予備的な検出を行う副検出部14は、試料調製を行う前処理工程において、生体試料から測定対象細胞の数を検出するものであり、本実施の形態では、図5及び図6に例示したものとほぼ同じ構成のフローサイトメータ10を採用している。
このため、副検出部14を構成するフローサイトメータ10の場合には、前方散乱光信号(FSC)を取得できれば足りるので、側方散乱光信号(SSC)や側方蛍光信号(SFL)を取得するためのフォトマルチプライヤ50,51がなく、FSCを取得するためのフォトダイオード47のみを有している。
試料調製装置3の信号処理部15で処理された信号FSCは、調製制御部16に送られる。この調製制御部16のマイクロプロセッサ19は、信号FSCに基づいて測定対象細胞の数をカウントする。
もっとも、必ずしも生体試料の濃度自体を算出する必要はなく、生体試料の採取量を常に一定に保持する場合には、細胞数自体が当該濃度を反映した情報になる。すなわち、調製制御部16のマイクロプロセッサ19が生成する濃度情報は、生体試料の濃度が含まれるのは勿論、この濃度と実質的に等価の他の情報であってもよい。
図7は、前記調製デバイス部18の流体回路図である。
図7に示すように、検体セット部24は、円形の回転テーブル24Aと、これを回転駆動する駆動部24Bとを備え、回転テーブル24Aの外周縁部には、生体試料と保存液との混合液を収容する生体容器53と、弁別・置換部29による弁別・置換処理により生成された生成物を収容する生成物容器(マイクロチューブ)54とをセット可能な保持部が設けられている。
これにより、生体容器53内の生体試料が攪拌され、生体試料に含まれる細胞を分散することができる。
検体定量部27は、定量シリンダ27Aと、このシリンダ27Aに挿通された定量ピストンを上下動させる駆動部27Bとを備えている。定量シリンダ27Aは、方向切替バルブV1を介して第1ピペット26Aと管路で繋がっている。
なお、本実施の形態では、検体定量部27の定量シリンダ27Aは、生体試料に対する希釈液を調製する希釈液ユニット55とも管路で繋がっている。
このため、検体セット部24の生成物容器54に戻される弁別済みの試料に対して、試薬定量部28が定量した複数種類の所定分量の試薬を、それぞれ混合できるようになっている。
更に、方向切替バルブV4と廃棄部61までの管路部分には、前記副検出部14のフローセル45が介在されている。このため、副検出部14は、収容容器57から排出される弁別済みの生体試料に対して、細胞数の計数を行うことができる。
このため、希釈液ユニット55の希釈液は、切替バルブV5を開放することで濾過シリンダ58の内部に供給することができる。
一方、上記濾過後の残液が生体試料の濃度測定用のものである場合は、濾過シリンダ58内の残液は、上記濾液の廃棄が済んだ後で、方向切替バルブV4を通じて副検出部14のフローセル45に送られ、その後、廃棄部61に廃棄される。また、同残液が測定試料の調製用のものである場合は、第1ピペット26Aから生成物容器54に戻される。
そして、生成物容器54内の測定試料については、第1ピペット26Aを介して検体定量部27で定量され、上記バルブV1,V7を通じて測定装置2の主検出部6に供給されるようになっている。
図8は、弁別・置換部29のより具体的な構成を示す拡大断面図であり、図9は、その濾過作用を示すための説明図である。
図8に示すように、本実施の形態の弁別・置換部29は、生体試料を含む液体Lを収容可能な収容容器57と、生体試料中の第1細胞C1を通過させずかつ第1細胞C1よりも小径の第2細胞C2を通過させるフィルタ60とを備えている。
収容容器57は、上下方向に向く軸心を有する中空の胴体部57Aと、この胴体部57Aの下部に連結され、かつ、中央部が下方に凹み平坦な内面を有する底部57Bとを一体に有している。
一方、濾過シリンダ58は、収容容器57内にシール部材62を介して上下動自在に挿通された中空筒状のシリンダ63と、このシリンダ63の下端開口を閉塞するように設けられた前記フィルタ60とを備えている。
Vapor Deposition:化学気相成長法)フィルタを採用している。かかる金属製のCVDフィルタは、その他の樹脂製のフィルタや、金属製であってもメッシュ製のものに比べて通孔の変形が少なく、開口率を高められるという利点がある。
更に、シリンダ63の上壁部には、濾過後の濾液L2を外部に廃棄するための、廃棄部61に通じる濾液管路66が接続され、この管路66の中途部に前記切替バルブV6が設けられている。従って、この濾液管路66と切替バルブV6は、液体分離部である濾過シリンダ58によって分離された第2液体L2を外部に排出するための液体排出部を構成している。
この移動機構部67の駆動部59は、調製制御部16(マイクロプロセッサ19)からの制御指令に従って濾過シリンダ58を駆動する。
すると、図9(b)に示すように、内部に含まれる細胞の殆どが第1細胞(上皮細胞)C1である液体が、残液L1として収容容器57内のフィルタ60の下方に残り、その他の第2細胞C2(赤血球、白血球及び細菌等の夾雑物)を含む液体が、濾液L2としてフィルタ60の上方(濾過シリンダ58の内部)に残る。
具体的には、調製制御部16は、フィルタ60が底部57B又はその近傍に設定された下降限度に至るまで濾過シリンダ58を下降させてから、フィルタ60が所定距離だけ上方に戻るように移動機構部67を制御する。この上方への戻りにより、フィルタ60の下面に付着した第1細胞C1をフィルタ60から離脱させることができる。
図10及び図11は、細胞分析装置1の各制御部8,16,31が行う処理を示すフローチャートである。
なお、図10では、データ処理装置4の制御部(処理本体)31が行う処理フローを右列に示し、測定装置2の制御部8が行う処理フローを左列に示している。また、図11では、試料調製装置3の制御部16が行う処理フローを一列に示しているが、この処理フローは、図示のA、B及びC点において図10の処理フローと繋がっている。以下、この図10及び図11を参照しつつ、細胞分析装置1が行う処理内容を説明する。
試料調製装置3の制御部16は、上記調製開始信号を受信すると(ステップS6)、測定試料の調製に用いられる試薬(染色液、RNase)を装置内の流路に吸引するとともに、生体容器53内に収容された生体試料とメタノール主成分の保存液との混合液中の細胞を細胞分散部25で分散させる(ステップS7,S8)。
図12は、上記弁別・置換処理を示すフローチャートである。
図12に示すように、まず、試料調製装置3の制御部16は、生体試料と保存液との混合液が入っている収容容器57に希釈液を混合させる(ステップT1)。より詳細には、前記混合液を収容容器57に供給した後、下限よりやや上方の位置にあるシリンダ63内に希釈液を投入し、ついでシリンダ63を上限位置まで上昇させることにより、前記混合液と希釈液とを混合させる。
その後、試料調製装置3の制御部16は、シリンダ63の下限位置の到達時点に、当該シリンダ63を所定距離だけ上昇させる(ステップT3)。これによってフィルタ60の下面に付着している第1細胞(上皮細胞)C1を、フィルタ60の下方の濃縮液L1に浮遊させることができる。
次に、試料調製装置3の制御部16は、シリンダ63の下降が2回目か否かを判定する(ステップT10)。
陽圧の付与は、15kPaの圧力を0.1秒間かけることで行い、また、スターラーバーとしては円板の上面に十字状の凸部が形成されたものを用い、これを1400rpmで回転させた。
次に、試料調製装置3の制御部16は、濃縮液L1を廃棄部61に排出して(ステップS13)、生体試料の濃度を算出するとともに(ステップS14)、この濃度情報に基づいて、本測定のための測定試料を調製するための、生体試料の試料吸引量を決定する(ステップS15)。
例えば、プレ測定に用いた生体試料の吸引量が200μlであり、プレ測定の結果で判明した細胞C1の個数が1万個であるとすると、生体試料の濃度は、10000個/200μl=50(個/μl)=50000(個/ml)となる。
そこで、試料調製装置3の制御部16は、上記の必要量だけ生体容器53から生体試料を吸引し(ステップS16)、この生体試料に対して、前記した弁別・置換処理を再度実施する(ステップS17)。
なお、試料調製装置3の制御部16において、主検出部34により検出される細胞C1の数は、癌検出のための有意細胞数である上記10万個に限定されるものではなく、例えば、10万個~15万個といった所定範囲内に収まるように、測定試料の調製に用いる生体試料の量を決定することにしてもよい。
また、試料調製装置3の制御部16において、自身で生成した細胞C1の濃度情報に基づいて、生体試料中の細胞C1の数と試薬(例えば、染色液)の量との比率が所定範囲となるように、生体試料及び試薬のうちの少なくとも一方の量を決定し、その決定された量の生体試料又は試薬を取得するように試料調製装置3の調製デバイス部18を制御することもできる。
次に、試料調製装置3の制御部16は、上記2回目の弁別・置換処理で得られた濃縮液L1を生成物容器(マイクロチューブ)54に供給するとともに(ステップS18)、装置内に貯留されていた染色液とRNaseとを、試薬定量部28から生成物容器54に供給し(ステップS19)、この生成物容器54内においてDNA染色とRNA処理を行わせて測定試料を作製する(ステップS20)。
なお、試料調製装置3の制御部16は、測定装置2からのシャットダウン信号を受信したか否かを常時判定しており(ステップS22及びC点)、その信号を受信していない場合には、調製開始信号の受信如何を判定するステップS6に戻り、その信号を受信した場合には、シャットダウンを実行して試料調製処理を終了する(ステップS23)。
図10に戻り、測定装置2の制御部8は、調製開始信号を送信したあと、試料調製装置3から測定試料の供給があるか否かを常時判定している(ステップS24)。
そこで、試料調製装置3から測定試料が送液されると(B点)、測定装置2の制御部8は、その測定試料を本測定部14のフローセル45に送り、測定試料の細胞C1に対する前記本測定を行い(ステップS25)、その測定データをデータ処理装置4に送信する(ステップS26)。
測定装置2から上記測定データを受信すると、データ処理装置4の制御部31は、その測定データを用いて細胞や核を分析し、測定試料中の細胞が癌化しているか否か等を判定する(ステップS28)。
上記シャットダウン指示がある場合には、データ処理装置4の制御部31は、測定装置2にシャットダウン信号を送信する(ステップS31)。
従って、フィルタによって他の細胞から弁別された測定対象細胞を容易に回収することができるとともに、このようにして回収された測定対象細胞を用いることにより測定対象細胞の分析に適した測定試料を試料調製装置3で容易に調製することができる。そのため、測定対象細胞以外の他の細胞の影響が低減された測定結果を取得して、測定対象細胞の分析を精度良く行うこともできる。
図13は、本発明の第2実施形態に係る細胞分析装置1の内部構成を示すブロック図である。
この第2実施形態の細胞分析装置1が第1実施形態のそれと異なる点は、前記試料調製装置3が行うプレ測定に必要なデバイスを、測定装置2の内部にすべて一体に組み込んだ点にあり、その各要素の構成及び機能は第1実施形態の場合と同様である。
従って、測定装置2の各部の構成及び機能については、第1実施形態に使用した参照符号を図13の各部にも付することにより、詳細な説明を省略する。
図14に示すように、最初に、データ処理装置4の制御部31は、前記表示部32にメニュー画面を表示させる(ステップS1)。その後、このメニュー画面に従った測定開始指示を入力部33から受け付けると(ステップS2)、データ処理装置4の制御部31は、測定開始信号を測定装置2に送信する(ステップS3)。
すなわち、測定装置2の制御部8は、測定開始信号を受信すると(ステップS4)、測定試料の調製に用いられる試薬(染色液、RNase)を装置内の流路に吸引するとともに、生体容器53内に収容された生体試料とメタノール主成分の保存液との混合液中の細胞を細胞分散部25で分散させる(ステップS7,S8)。
そして、測定装置2の制御部8は、その測定試料を主検出部6のフローセル45に送ると、測定試料の細胞C1に対する前記本測定を行い(ステップS25)、その測定データをデータ処理装置4に送信する(ステップS26)。
そこで、測定装置2から上記測定データを受信すると、データ処理装置4の制御部31は、その測定データを用いて細胞や核を分析し、測定試料中の細胞が癌化しているか否か等を判定する(ステップS28)。
また、データ処理装置4の制御部31は、上記分析結果を表示部32に表示させ(ステップS29)、ユーザ入力によるシャットダウン指示があるか否かを判定する(ステップS30)。
測定装置2の制御部8は、データ処理装置4からの上記シャットダウン信号を受信したか否かを常時判定しており(ステップS32)、その信号を受信していない場合には、測定開始信号の受信如何を判定するステップS4に戻り、その信号を受信した場合には、シャットダウンを実行して測定処理を終了する(ステップS34)。
なお、上記で開示した実施の形態は、本発明の例示であって制限的なものではない。本発明の範囲は、上記実施の形態ではなく特許請求の範囲によって示され、さらに特許請求の範囲の構成と均等なすべての変更が含まれる。
また、上記実施の形態では、子宮頸部の上皮細胞C1の濃度を測定した後に、新たに生体試料を生体容器53から吸引して弁別・置換部29に供給し、再度弁別された濃縮液C1を用いて測定試料を作製しているが、上皮細胞C1の濃度測定に使用した濃縮液C1をそのまま測定試料の原料とすることもできる。
また、上記実施の形態では、主検出部6と副検出部14とを個別に設置しているが、こられの検出部6,14を1つのフローサイトメータ10で兼用した装置構成にすることもできる。
また、上記実施の形態では、生体容器53内の液体(生体試料と保存液との混合液)をピペット26Aで吸引し、吸引した液体を管路を介して弁別・置換部29の収容容器57に供給しているが、ピペット26Aを可動式に構成し、生体容器53内の液体をピペット26Aで吸引した後、ピペット26Aを弁別・置換部29の収容容器57まで移動させ、その後、ピペット26Aから収容容器57に液体を吐出してもよい。
Claims (20)
- 生体試料を含む液体を収容可能な収容容器と、
前記生体試料中の第1細胞を通過させず、かつ、前記第1細胞よりも小径の第2細胞を通過させるフィルタと、
前記収容容器内で前記フィルタを介して、前記第1細胞を主に含む第1液体と、前記第2細胞を主に含む第2液体とに前記液体を分離する液体分離部と、
前記液体分離部により分離された前記第1液体を取得する液体取得部と、
前記液体取得部により取得された前記第1液体と所定の試薬とから測定試料を調製する試料調製部と、
を備えた試料調製装置。 - 前記液体分離部は、前記収容容器に対して前記フィルタが上下方向に移動するように、前記フィルタおよび前記収容容器の少なくとも一方を移動させる移動機構部を含み、
前記試料調製装置は、前記移動機構部の移動を制御する動作制御部を更に備える請求項1に記載の試料調製装置。 - 前記動作制御部は、前記フィルタが前記収容容器に収容された前記液体の液面上方からその液中に向かって移動するように前記移動機構部を制御する請求項2に記載の試料調製装置。
- 前記動作制御部は、前記収容容器に収容された前記液体内に向かって移動済みの前記フィルタが所定距離だけ上方に戻るように前記移動機構部を制御し、その後、前記第1液体を取得するように前記液体取得部を制御する請求項2又は3に記載の試料調製装置。
- 前記収容容器は、上下方向に向く軸心を有する中空の胴体部と、前記胴体部の下部に連結され、下方に凹んだ内面を有する底部とを有しており、
前記動作制御部は、前記収容容器に収容された前記液体の液面上方から前記底部又はその近傍まで前記フィルタを移動させてから、同フィルタを所定距離だけ上方に戻すように前記移動機構部を制御し、その後、前記第1液体を取得するように前記液体取得部を制御する請求項4に記載の試料調製装置。 - 前記液体分離部により分離された前記第2液体を排出する液体排出部を更に備え、
前記動作制御部は、前記第2液体を排出した後に前記収容容器内に残った前記第1液体を取得するように前記液体排出部及び前記液体取得部を制御する請求項2又は3に記載の試料調製装置。 - 前記移動機構部は、上下方向に移動可能なシリンダを含み、このシリンダの下端開口部に前記フィルタが設けられ、前記液体排出部は、前記シリンダ内に連通する排出管路を含み、
前記動作制御部は、前記フィルタが前記収容容器に収容された前記液体の液面上方からその液中に向かって移動するように前記シリンダを下方移動させ、前記シリンダの下方移動により前記フィルタを通って当該シリンダ内に流入した前記第2液体を排出するように前記液体排出部を制御する請求項6に記載の試料調製装置。 - 前記収容容器内の溶媒の一部を置換するための置換液を前記収容容器に供給する置換液供給部、を更に備え、
前記動作制御部は、前記収容容器からの前記第2液体の排出と、前記収容容器への前記置換液の供給とによって、前記収容容器内の溶媒の少なくとも一部が前記置換液に置換されるよう、前記置換液供給部、前記液体分離部および前記液体排出部を制御する、請求項6又は7に記載の試料調製装置。 - 前記動作制御部は、前記生体試料を含む液体が収容された前記収容容器に前記置換液を供給するよう前記置換液供給部を制御してから、前記収容容器内の液体を、前記第1細胞を主に含む第1液体と、前記第2細胞を主に含む第2液体とに分離するよう前記液体分離部を制御し、その後、前記第2液体を排出するよう前記液体排出部を制御する、請求項8に記載の試料調製装置。
- 前記収容容器内の前記第1液体に接触した状態の前記フィルタに付着した前記第1細胞を剥離する細胞剥離部をさらに備え、
前記動作制御部は、前記フィルタから前記第1細胞を剥離するように前記細胞剥離部を制御し、前記第1液体を取得するように前記液体取得部を制御する、請求項2又は3に記載の試料調製装置。 - 前記細胞剥離部は、前記収容容器内の前記第1液体に接触した状態の前記フィルタのろ過面に沿った方向に、前記収容容器内の前記第1液体に流れを生じさせるように構成されている、請求項10に記載の試料調製装置。
- 前記細胞剥離部は、
前記収容容器内に設けられ、前記収容容器内の前記第1液体に接触した状態の前記フィルタのろ過面に沿った方向に回転する回転部材と、
前記回転部材を駆動させるための駆動部と、を更に備える請求項11に記載の試料調製装置。 - 前記フィルタのろ過面と、このろ過面と対向する前記回転部材との間の距離が1mm以下である請求項12に記載の試料調製装置。
- 前記収容容器内の前記第1液体に接触した状態の前記フィルタに付着した第1細胞に対して、当該第1細胞が付着した面と反対側から圧力を付与する圧力付与部を更に備え、
前記動作制御部は、前記フィルタに対して前記圧力を付与するよう前記圧力付与部を制御し、その後、前記第1液体を取得するよう前記液体取得部を制御する、請求項2又は3に記載の試料調製装置。 - 前記フィルタは、金属製のCVDフィルタよりなる請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の試料調製装置。
- 前記第1細胞は子宮頸部の上皮細胞であり、
前記第2細胞は赤血球、白血球及び細菌からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の試料調製装置。 - 前記フィルタは、8~20μmの径の通孔を有する請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の試料調製装置。
- 前記生体試料中の細胞を分散させる細胞分散部と、
前記細胞分散部により細胞が分散された前記生体試料を前記収容容器に供給する試料供給部と、を更に備えている請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の試料調製装置。 - 生体試料を含む液体を収容可能な収容容器と、
前記生体試料中の第1細胞を通過させず、かつ、前記第1細胞よりも小径の第2細胞を通過させるフィルタと、
前記収容容器内で前記フィルタを介して、前記第1細胞を主に含む第1液体と、前記第2細胞を主に含む第2液体とに前記液体を分離する液体分離部と、
前記液体分離部により分離された前記第1液体を取得する液体取得部と、
前記液体取得部により取得された前記第1液体から前記第1細胞を検出する検出部と、
前記検出部による検出結果に基づいて、前記第1細胞を分析する分析手段と、
を備えた細胞分析装置。 - 生体試料を含む液体を収容可能な収容容器と、
前記生体試料中の第1細胞を通過させず、かつ、前記第1細胞よりも小径の第2細胞を通過させるフィルタと、
前記収容容器内で前記フィルタを介して、前記第1細胞を主に含む第1液体と、前記第2細胞を主に含む第2液体とに前記液体を分離する液体分離部と、
前記液体分離部により分離された前記第1液体を取得する液体取得部と、
を備えた細胞処理装置。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101983328A (zh) | 2011-03-02 |
| CN101983339A (zh) | 2011-03-02 |
| CN105181407A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
| JP5613044B2 (ja) | 2014-10-22 |
| EP2264465A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
| EP2264465A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
| US8189177B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
| US20110014685A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
| US20110014646A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
| JP5441888B2 (ja) | 2014-03-12 |
| EP2261632A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
| EP3570041A1 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
| CN105181407B (zh) | 2020-06-30 |
| US20130183747A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
| US9329109B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
| CN101983339B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
| EP2261632B1 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
| EP2264465B1 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
| EP2261632A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
| CN101983328B (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
| WO2009122999A1 (ja) | 2009-10-08 |
| JPWO2009123000A1 (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
| EP3570041B1 (en) | 2021-10-13 |
| US8415145B2 (en) | 2013-04-09 |
| JPWO2009122999A1 (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
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