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WO2009111791A2 - Processus de limitation des déchets en décharge - Google Patents

Processus de limitation des déchets en décharge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009111791A2
WO2009111791A2 PCT/US2009/036557 US2009036557W WO2009111791A2 WO 2009111791 A2 WO2009111791 A2 WO 2009111791A2 US 2009036557 W US2009036557 W US 2009036557W WO 2009111791 A2 WO2009111791 A2 WO 2009111791A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
produce
hydrocarbon gas
hydrocarbon
solid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/036557
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009111791A3 (fr
Inventor
Richard C. Jackson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Capital Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Capital Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Capital Technologies Inc filed Critical Capital Technologies Inc
Publication of WO2009111791A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009111791A2/fr
Publication of WO2009111791A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009111791A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/62—Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to techniques of waste remediation, processing, and recycling.
  • the present invention provides a landfill waste remediation process that effectively extracts and recycles substantially all valuable constituents from landfills, while simultaneously reclaiming the landfill space, removing a dangerous source of groundwater contamination and greenhouse gases (methane leakage from aging landfills), and producing energy to run the process.
  • waste e.g., municipal solid waste, waste water sludge, coal mine tailing, industrial wastes, etc.
  • existing landfill sites can be economically mined and remediated for much higher and better use.
  • the process starts by mining, screening, and shredding the waste and magnetically separating the ferrous metals.
  • the waste is then run through a solid distillation de-polymerization process to produce hydrocarbon gas, water vapor, and dry solid waste.
  • the water vapor is distilled, and the resulting liquid water is treated and properly disposed of or used.
  • Undistilled (e.g., non-condensable) hydrocarbon gas can be recycled and used to run generators or produce heat to operate the solid distillation process.
  • Distilled de-polymerized hydrocarbon liquid can be sold for industrial, commercial, or residential use.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid can be cracked and hydrotreated to produce a valuable synthetic fuel and other products.
  • the dry solid waste from the solid distillation process is then processed in order to recover any desired non-ferrous metals.
  • the resulting solid waste can then be subjected to an ultra-high temperature gasification process, which produces inorganic material and a hydrocarbon gas and/or mixed with coal for power generation, thereby reducing demand for freshly mined coal.
  • the inorganic material can be returned to the landfill, further processed to extract valuable metals and elements, or sold for industrial use.
  • the hydrocarbon gases can be recycled and used to run generators or produce heat to operate the process.
  • hydrocarbon gases can be sold for industrial, commercial, or residential use, or the hydrocarbon gas can be treated with gas-to-liquids technology (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch process or Mobil process, as is well-known in the art) to produce a valuable synthetic fuel, and other products.
  • gas-to-liquids technology e.g., Fischer-Tropsch process or Mobil process, as is well-known in the art
  • the present invention would result in a process that reuses substantially all of the waste, and has substantially no material placed into, or back into, a landfill. That is, all material put into the process would be processed and reused for some purpose, resulting in a zero or near zero (e.g., less than 10%, 5%, 1%, etc. of input mass) waste process.
  • a zero or near zero e.g., less than 10%, 5%, 1%, etc. of input mass
  • the attached figure is a diagram depicting a process for remediating landfill waste embodying one or more aspects of the present invention.
  • the invention provides, among other things, a waste remediation process that efficiently recycles and reuses all waste constituents in existing landfills and new waste streams.
  • the process utilizes all materials from the waste, and recovers energy and usable hydrocarbon fuels from the waste.
  • waste may be treated by the process described herein, such as municipal waste, waste comprised of materials used in our daily lives, industrial waste, waste produced from industrial processes, medical waste, waste from hospitals and clinics that may be contaminated with body fluids and fecal matter, waste water sludges, coal mining tailings, and the like.
  • the major components of these types of wastes are organic waste.
  • the process effectively extracts and recycles valuable constituents from the waste, and also produces its own energy from the waste, facilitating the recapture and beneficial and environmentally- sound reuse of metals, minerals and carbon compounds present in the waste. If widely used, this will dramatically reduce the demand for new production of scarce resources, extending the earth's limited natural mineral and energy reserves for future generations.
  • the process includes the intake of waste into the facility.
  • the material may be delivered to the facility by conveyor, truck, a slurry pipeline or a combination thereof.
  • Existing landfill waste can be excavated using standard mining equipment, with material conveyed to a screening system to separate out dirt by mechanical and cyclone systems, and then conveyed to the system.
  • the waste is fed into a shredder, and then through a magnetic processing system to remove any ferrous metals preferably by a separation conveyor. These ferrous metals are accumulated and recycled.
  • the non-ferrous waste is processed using a solid distillation de-polymerization process, preferably a continuous -flow, low-oxygen, heated auger, or rotary kiln technology.
  • This process includes moving the non-ferrous waste through a closed, oxygen- free heated chamber, either continuously or in batches. Within the chamber, the waste is heated to high temperatures (about 750°F) in the absence of oxygen to de-polymerize the plastic compounds and separate by vaporization the moisture and volatiles (e.g., hydrocarbon vapors) from the solid waste.
  • a series of condensers operate under a vacuum pressure such that hydrocarbon vapors and moisture are drawn to the condensers. The hydrocarbon and moisture vapors are condensed and collected for further processing.
  • Solid distillation processes are described in US Patent Application Nos. 11/320,936 and 11/704,627, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • the condensed liquids collected include water and hydrocarbon liquids. These materials are separated into water and hydrocarbon gases by gravity separation, and/or by the use of liquid/liquid separation or polymer processes. Recovered water is treated if necessary to meet local discharge standards, used for agricultural irrigation, treated by reverse osmosis to provide potable water or a combination thereof.
  • the hydrocarbon gases recovered are further distilled into a hydrocarbon liquid and separated from the undistilled gases.
  • the undistilled gases may be used as a fuel source to run generators to produce energy or to create the heat required for the solid de-polymerization distillation process described above.
  • the distilled hydrocarbon liquid has many uses.
  • the hydrocarbon liquid may be further used as a source of "renewable" heating oil for power generation and/or heating and sold for industrial, commercial or residential use.
  • the distilled hydrocarbon liquids may also be used as diluents for the oil industry.
  • the hydrocarbon liquids may be cracked and hydrotreated to produce usable refined synthetic fuels such as diesel, kerosene, and other renewable transportation fuels and other commercial products. Methods of producing refined synthetic fuels are known in the art, and such methods are described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 10/274,403, 10/273,384, and 10/273,390, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • the solid waste produced from the solid distillation processes described above consists of a combination of sterile inert material metals, carbon and carbon compounds. This remaining solid waste is commonly about 20%-40% of the original mass and less than about 10% of the original volume.
  • a simple screening and/or cyclone system extracts non- ferrous metals such as aluminum, copper and cobalt from the non-distilled solids. These non- ferrous metals are accumulated and recycled.
  • the remaining material may be land filled using much less space than the original waste, used as a filler to produce structural or cosmetic components (e.g., blocks, bricks, composite members), mixed with coal or burned directly for heat and/or power generation, or treated by an ultra-high temperature gasification steam-shift process, or a combination thereof.
  • Ultra-high temperature gasification is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,464,454. This process produces very few if any harmful admissions by applying indirect thermal energy in the absence of oxygen to reduce materials to a combustible gas and a non- hazardous, non-leachable inorganic material.
  • the ultra-high temperature gasification process converts the carbon and carbon compounds of the solid waste into hydrogen and carbon synthetic gas and inert inorganic material.
  • the hydrogen and carbon gases are scrubbed to remove sulfur or chloride compounds or any residual metals.
  • the clean gases may contain from about 50% hydrogen and from about 50% carbon compounds, such as carbon monoxide.
  • the clean gases are able to be processed using gas-to-liquid technology to produce synthetic fuels or safely combusted to provide heat and/or power to run other processes such as the solid distillation process described above.
  • the synthetic fuels may be sold for industrial, commercial or residential use.
  • the other gasification byproduct, inert inorganic material may contain a combination of industrial metals, e.g. copper, aluminum, brass and chromium, precious metals, e.g. gold, platinum, and silver, as well as other noble metals and valuable elements, e.g. cobalt.
  • the inert inorganic material has some lower value elements such as silicon, and the like.
  • Various chemical and mechanical techniques may be used to concentrate and extract these various materials for capture and recycling.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de limitation des déchets en décharge comportant les étapes consistant à extraire les déchets d’une décharge, à cribler les déchets, à déchiqueter les déchets, à séparer magnétiquement les métaux ferreux des déchets, à réaliser un processus de dépolymérisation des déchets par distillation de solides pour produire un gaz d’hydrocarbures (plus de la vapeur d’eau et des déchets solides secs), à distiller le gaz d’hydrocarbures pour produire un liquide d’hydrocarbures (susceptible d’être traité pour donner du carburant synthétique), à recycler du gaz d’hydrocarbures pour produire de la chaleur afin de réaliser le processus de distillation de solides, et à appliquer un craquage et un hydrotraitement au liquide d’hydrocarbures pour produire du carburant synthétique. Dans un mode de réalisation, le procédé comporte en outre l’étape consistant à récupérer les métaux non ferreux à partir des déchets solides secs. De préférence, le procédé comporte en outre l’étape consistant à appliquer un processus de gazéification à ultra-haute température aux déchets solides secs pour produire un matériau inorganique (qui peut être renvoyé à la décharge) et un gaz d’hydrocarbures (qui peut être recyclé pour produire de la chaleur destinée au procédé).
PCT/US2009/036557 2008-03-07 2009-03-09 Processus de limitation des déchets en décharge Ceased WO2009111791A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US3460808P 2008-03-07 2008-03-07
US61/034,608 2008-03-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009111791A2 true WO2009111791A2 (fr) 2009-09-11
WO2009111791A3 WO2009111791A3 (fr) 2009-12-30

Family

ID=41056695

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2009/036557 Ceased WO2009111791A2 (fr) 2008-03-07 2009-03-09 Processus de limitation des déchets en décharge

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2009111791A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2436448A1 (fr) 2010-09-29 2012-04-04 JM Recycling NV Procédé amélioré d'exploration d'un dépôt de déchets
CN103480626A (zh) * 2012-06-14 2014-01-01 湖南万容科技股份有限公司 一种废钢铁破碎与炉料加工一体化的方法及设备
ITUB20159784A1 (it) * 2015-12-30 2017-06-30 Ireos S P A Procedimento per la bonifica di discariche

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4077847A (en) * 1975-08-11 1978-03-07 Occidental Petroleum Corporation Solid waste disposal system
US4624417A (en) * 1983-06-17 1986-11-25 Newest, Inc. Process for converting solid waste and sewage sludge into energy sources and separate recyclable by-products
US5649785A (en) * 1993-03-03 1997-07-22 Djerf; Tobin Method of treating solid waste, recovering the constituent materials for recycling and reuse, and producing useful products therefrom
US6017475A (en) * 1998-04-20 2000-01-25 Bouldin & Lawson, Inc. Process of transforming household garbage into useful material
DE19937521A1 (de) * 1999-08-03 2001-02-15 Harald Martin Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen, Trennen, Klassieren und Zersetzen von Abprodukten
JP3785540B2 (ja) * 2003-01-16 2006-06-14 株式会社Ａ．Ｐ．Ｒ 廃自動車の処理方法
JP2005118693A (ja) * 2003-10-17 2005-05-12 Kyowa Kako Kk 廃棄物のリサイクルシステム

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2436448A1 (fr) 2010-09-29 2012-04-04 JM Recycling NV Procédé amélioré d'exploration d'un dépôt de déchets
WO2012041988A1 (fr) 2010-09-29 2012-04-05 Jm Recycling Nv Procédé amélioré pour l'exploitation des décharges
CN103480626A (zh) * 2012-06-14 2014-01-01 湖南万容科技股份有限公司 一种废钢铁破碎与炉料加工一体化的方法及设备
ITUB20159784A1 (it) * 2015-12-30 2017-06-30 Ireos S P A Procedimento per la bonifica di discariche

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