WO2009105842A2

WO2009105842A2 - Internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: WO2009105842A2
Application number: PCT/AZ2008/000006
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ramzan Usmanovich Goytemirov
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-12-24
Filing date: 2008-12-24
Publication date: 2009-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2011-06-24
Also published as: WO2009105842A3

Abstract

The invention concerns the automobile production, engineering area and may be used as internal combustion engine on cars, motorcycles, tractors, energetic and so on. In the apply for invention developed gas distribution system and has Provided reliability of work, simultaneously decreased the quantity of details and dimension of ICE with improvement of design of under hood side of the car. In the engine the number often wearing out not durable details and knots has reduced, for example, are absent camshaft and gas distribution shaft and drive gears of them. In the invention two variants of performance of the engine are considered: In one variant intake and exhaust valves are established at right angle to the cylinder in its head part, both valves are located on one axis and, against each other, mirror, on possible minimum distance, practically in the size of the valve stroke, conveyance of a rod the valve is carried out by the actuating levers, being in contact piece to the ledges established on cheeks of a crank shaft; in other variant of performance of the engine intake and exhaust valves are established in parallel to a shaft of the cylinder and. breach block by parts (heads the valve), are focused to a head part of the cylinder, in this case the stroke of the valve a rod is provided without a camshaft or a ledge, for the account a driving gear, connected by hinge with the eccentric, established on a tooth gear which forms chain or a toothed gearing with the central (cranked) shaft of the engine. In the engine is raised efficiency and a resource, small dimensions, low height of a head part of the engine on the average 6-8 times. The engine is more counterbalanced, so far as in it there are absent asymmetrical rotating details, for example, no camshafts. The engine is simple on a design, has a convenient arrangement of valve gears and collectors. The engine can use different kind of fuel (gasoline, a diesel engine, gas, etc.)

Description

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention concerns to area of mechanical engineering, concretely to area of propulsion engineering and can be used as driving device - power unit, on vehicles, motorcycles, tridacycles, kvadracycles, tractors, easy aircraft, in household appliances, electric power industry, pumps, etc. Declared invention is incorporated by common inventive plan, intended for transformation of explosion energy and burning of combustible substance into mechanical energy of rotary movement and maintenance of reliability of gas- distributing system work with simultaneous reduction of quantity of details and dimension of internal combustion engine (ICE), configuration of under bonnet part of the vehicle is improved.

BACKGROUND ART

Is known four-cycle engine with central burning and symmetric action of forces (see patent of Germany: DE3306352). It is 2 piston one-cylinder (with incorporated combustion chamber) orbital engine. The supply of combustible mixture and discharge gas withdrawal from combustion chamber is carried out by the channels executed from face parties of rotating block of cylinders. Meanwhile the contact with rotating rim surface is condensed for maintenance of combustion in compression chamber and tightness during compression and explosion of combustible mixture. This joint appears directly in the field of explosion and burning, is accordingly endangered fast failure. Lack of this design - complexity of maintenance of reliable condensation of mentioned joints and low durability because of intensive deterioration in conditions of sliding friction at high temperatures. Close to essential attributes to the declared invention there is radial internal combustion engine with rotating curvilinear groove under the patent of USA US3964450. As a matter of fact it is an orbital internal combustion engine. It contains rim mounted on rotation supports with two orbital racetracks of closed, centrally symmetric configuration and motionless block covered by this racetrack with six cylinders radial converging to each other combustion chambers. In cylinders are mounted pistons with pinch rolls which are in contact with mentioned orbital racetrack of rim. The engine contains gas- distributing mechanism for cyclic opening and impose with combustion chambers of inlet chambers for combustible mixture, and outlet ones for discharged gases. The gas- distributing mechanism represents a set of pipes rotating together with rim with channels and windows bringing at rotation a combustible mixture to the combustion chambers in corresponding angular sectors and withdrawing discharged gases. Lack of the prototype is complexity of design and low reliability, durability and maintainability of the engine. These lacks are caused by submission of combustible mixture through joints between rotating details and necessity of maintenance thus compression and tightness during compression and, especially, during explosion in chambers of combustion. This task is complex if to consider, that combustion chambers are concentrated close to each other and condensed joints and during work of the engine heats and pressure take place. These joints appear directly in the field of explosion and burning, are accordingly endangered fast failure, i.e., here takes place the raised deterioration (low durability) of responsible details replacement of which, besides, demands disassembly of almost whole engine.

Most close to essential attributes to the declared invention is internal combustion engine chosen as prototype with rotating curvilinear groove # WO /2008/064434 which can be used together with offered invention for realization of general plan providing harmony of gas-distributing process while work of engine. Therefore we shall in detail stop on disclosing of essence of mentioned application. Thus we shall try to unite essential attributes of the prototype and the offered invention under general conception.

An aim of this invention WO //2008/064434 is the following. The aim is reached by that at orbital internal combustion engine containing mounted one on each other on rotations supports a rim at least with one orbital racetrack oval or other, closed, centrally symmetric configuration and block of cylinders radial converging to each other chambers of combustion covered by this racetrack, with pistons mounted in them and pinch rolls which are in contact with mentioned orbital racetrack of rim, combustion chambers of inlet channels for combustive mixture, and outlet channels for discharged gases, there are following distinctive attributes: the rim is supplied at least by two additional racetracks with cams located with opportunity of interaction with levers of drive inlet and outlet spring-loaded valves with which gas- distributing mechanism is supplied mounted on the block of cylinders; axes of spring-loaded valves are located radial to center of rotation supports; spring-loaded valves are located on one axis and radial to center of rotation supports; axes of spring- loaded valves are located in parallel with cylinders; levers of drive inlet and outlet spring-loaded valves are supplied by rolls mounted with opportunity of interaction with cams of additional racetracks; the structure of additional racetracks and cams have form of part of Moebius surface.

Between distinctive attributes and reached result there is following cause- effect relation.

The declared orbital engine is supplied by the valves reliably closing combustion chambers that is especially important during explosion of combustive mixture and working pistons stroke. The valve themselves are well- known, they are of traditional tested design, are widely applied in piston engines. By principle of their work tightness of combustion chambers is provided with their clip by means of springs to condensing rib, without rotation and high speeds of friction at heats (in difference from prototype). During explosion in combustion chambers valves with greater force nestle to condensing rib, reliably providing compression. In the engine with execution with rotating block of cylinders, joints through which submission of combustive mixture carries out, are isolated from combustion chambers by the specified valves and are not exposed to intensive deterioration. In declared invention novelty consists in fact of installation of such valves in orbital engine so, that opportunity of their management by cams is ensured, executed on additional racetracks of a rim.

Novelty consists also in variants of arrangement of valve blocks for different layout execution of engine. Is reached opportunity of removal and installation of demountable valve block entirely, together with drive levers, thus service, adjustments and repair is facilitated. Thus opportunity of execution of the engine as with motionless block with cylinder (with rotating rim), and with rotating block of cylinders is reached. At last execution of design of rotating joints is facilitated, here does not arise high pressure at heats and speeds as combustion chambers are reliably closed by valves. The essence of invention is explained by schematic drawings on which are represented:

On fig. 1 is represented engine with stationary 2 cylinder (mounted on one axis) block and rotating rim, front section;

On fig. 2 is represented cut A- A on fig. 1 ;

On fig. 3 shown engine with rotating 4 cylinder block and stationary rim, front section.

The engine with stationary cylinder block and rotating rim, according to the formula of the invention, contains block 1, in which two cylinders 2 are executed and with formation of combustion chambers 3 two pistons 4 are mounted. Combustion chambers 3 at cylinders 2 are constantly interconnected, therefore given engine as matter of fact is one-cylinder, but with two pistons, with symmetric action of forces. With rods 4 articulated connected rods 5, on other ends of which are mounted pinch rolls 6. With rods 6 are connected also supporting them one armed support levers 7 mounted on block of cylinders 1. The rim 8 is mounted on block of cylinders 1 on rotation supports 9. Rim 8 is target part of given engine from which selection of capacity is carried out. On rim 8 is implemented the orbital racetrack 10 of oval, central (is available in view of center of rotation supports of rim 8) symmetric configuration. The path 10 in section has T-shaped form and is in contact with pinch rolls 6. The block of cylinders 1 is supplied with two demountable valve blocks 11, with inlet spring-loaded valve 12 and outlet spring-loaded valve 13. The valves both are mounted under right angle to cylinders 2, both on one axis and as mirrors opposite each other, besides on probably minimal distance, practically in size of valves course. Thus minimal residual volume of incorporated combustion chamber is provided. Therefore this execution with greater success approaches for diesel execution of the engine, with greater coefficient of compression. Demountable valve blocks 11 are supplied with drive levers 14 on which rolls 15 are mounted. The last ones for cyclic opening of valves, contact with additional racetracks 16 and 17 with cams 18 mounted or fixed on rim 8. As levers 14 during work of engine borrow different angular positions, for the best contact of rollers 15 with paths 16, 17 and cams 18, their structure is executed as part of Moebius surface. In block of cylinders 1 channels 19 for supply of combustive mixture and 20 for outlet of discharged gases is mounted.

The spark plug 21 (for petrol engine) is mounted on block of cylinders 1. Around of cylinders 2 are mounted ring (or spiral) flutes 22 through which lubricoolant supplies and withdraws. The engine works as follows.

By means of starter to be twisted rim 8 for engine starting. The oval orbital racetrack 10 of rim 8 impacts on pinch rolls 6 and causes reciprocating motions of pistons 4. Simultaneously with it, cams 18 of additional racetracks 16 and 17 impact on rolls 15 and drive levers 14 and carry out cyclic opening of spring- loaded valves 12 and 13. Thus here carries out four-cycle circle of engine work: suction of combustive mixture, compression, explosion with expansion (working course) and exhaust of discharged gases. Besides, at working course, combustion chamber is reliably closed by spring- loaded valves 12 and 13. Rotation and torque is selected from rim 8.

The engine with stationary rim and rotating block of cylinders, according to the formula of the invention, contains block 23 on which four cylinders 24 are fixed and with formation of combustion chambers 25 four pistons 26 are mounted. Rods 27 on other ends of which pinch rolls 28 are mounted are articulately connected with pistons 26. With rods 27 are connected also supporting them one armed basic levers 29 mounted on cylinders 24. The block of cylinders 23 is mounted in motionless rim 30, on rotation support (on drawing are not specified). The block of cylinders 23 is target part of given engine from which selection of capacity carries out. On rim 30 orbital racetrack 31 is executed of oval or epitrochoidal central symmetric (is available in view of center of rotation support of block of cylinders 23) configurations. The path 31 in section has T-shaped form and is in contact with pinch rolls 28. The block of cylinders 23 is supplied by eight demountable valve blocks 32, two on each cylinder 24 with inlet spring-loaded valves 33 and outlet 34. Two valve blocks 32 are mounted along axis of engine one after another (therefore second block is not reflected in drawing) and in parallel to cylinders 24. Accordingly, on block of cylinders 23 are executed minimally necessary volume of flute 35, being by continuation of combustion chambers 25. The valve 33 and 34 are supplied by drive levers 36 on which rolls 37 are mounted. The last ones for cyclic opening of valves, contact with racetracks with cams 38 executed or fixed onto rim 30. Paths with cams 38 are at least two: one for interaction with inlet valves 33 and realization of corresponding cycle, and another one - for interaction with outlet valves 34. In block of cylinders 24 channels 39 for supply of combustive mixture and outlet of discharged gases are executed. The engine is supplied by motionless face collector washer 40 contacting with block of cylinders 24 for supply of combustive mixture into rotating block of cylinders 23 and outlet of discharged gases. Spark plugs 41 (for petrol engine) are mounted onto block of cylinders 23, and last one is supplied by collector 42 for submission of electric pressure to candles 41. Work of given engine is carried out similarly to previous, with that difference, that rotation and torque is selected from block of cylinders 23.

The declared invention is incorporated by general inventive conception, intended for transformation of explosion energy and burning of combustible substance into mechanical energy of rotary movement and maintenance reliability of gas- distributing system work, with simultaneous reduction of details quantity and dimension of engine, the configuration of under bonnet part of car is improved. Alongside with CM in ICE gas-distributing mechanism creates great problems. In this mechanism there is camshaft which is difficult for making and maintaining. It has big weight. Drives of specified shaft also are difficult for maintaining, and have rather small overhaul period. And at last, owing to existing design of gas- distributing mechanism the head part of motor is unfairly high, and engine looks incompact. It is reflected on configuration of under bonnet part of car.

Existing gas-distributing system is essentially unable to optimize processes of gas-distributing at soaking of combustive mixture and emission in atmosphere of the discharged gases. Practically there is no laminar current of gases during the moment of admission and output of gases. That is very important. Frequent impact of gas streams with valve heads that creates the certain obstacles of a harmony of process of gas-distributing and as a result slows work of the engine. Presence of sliding friction created by cams of camshaft, reduces durability of the engine. For substantial improvement of gas-distributing system in internal combustion engines, increasing of their durability, reduction of endurable details, units and reduction of dimensions of the engine, we created the engine without cam gas-distributing shaft and drives to it (sprocket wheel, circuit with boots and dampers).

The purpose is reached by that inlet and outlet valves are mounted under right angle to the cylinder, both on one axis and as mirrors opposite each other, besides on probably minimal distance, practically in size of valve course, with drive levers contacting with acting racetracks executed or fixed on crank web of internal combustion engine. Webs of crankshaft are supplied with additional, in contact with available, racetracks with insignificant ledge and are located on the same surface of circle with length of equal part of circle sector corresponding to diagram of gas-distributing phases: exhaust of discharged gases and start of compression of inlet combustive mixture, allowing differentially provide output of gases from combustion chamber of cylinder. In case of four-cycle variant of execution of internal combustion engine, on its central shaft is mounted the central gear which cooperates with pair of cog gears located with parallel axes on both parts concerning an axis of the cylinder from the central cog gear, each of them has diameter twice more than diameter of the central gear, all the mentioned gears are located in one plane, on lateral surfaces of the mentioned pairs of gears the additional racetracks contacting with drive levers are executed or fixed. In other execution of engine inlet and outlet valves are mounted in parallel to axis of cylinder and breechblock parts (valve heads) focus to head part of cylinder on which cover with executed in it deepening providing free course of heads of valves and channels is tightly mounted, the connecting specified deepening with the working chamber of the cylinder. In this case here is absolutely different way of gas-distributing - it differs - one end of each drive lever is articulately connected with bolt with counter nut, mounted in the carving adjusting plug, being in direct contact in working position with valve core, other end of drive lever is articulately mounted onto crank of conducted gear cogwheel which is connected by chain transfer with other leading cog, rigidly mounted onto central shaft. In way of gas-distributing in four-cycle engine parity of sizes of diameters of leading and conducted cogwheels correspond as one -for-two, and in two-stroke engine as one-for- one.

For practical convenience conducted cogwheels can be connected among themselves directly through chain transfer and/or shaft, at communication of one of them with leading cogwheel.

Schemes of offered engines are resulted on:

Fig. 4 - ICE for two-cycle variant of execution, with inlet and outlet valves mounted under right angle to cylinder by both of them on one axis and as mirrors against each other, besides on probably minimal distance, practically in size of valve course;

Fig. 5 - ICE for four-cycle variant of execution, on its central shaft is mounted the central cog gear which cooperates with pair of cog gears located with parallel axes on both sides relative to axis of cylinder; Fig. 6 - ICE, inlet and outlet valves are mounted parallel to axis of cylinder and breach parts (valve heads) are focused to head part of cylinder.

The Internal combustion engine (Fig. 4) consists of case 59, cover 64, candle 21, placed in center of valve mechanism 51 in which inlet 12 and outlet 13 valves mounted under right angle to cylinder 2 with piston 4. Valve mechanism is supplied with inlet 19 and outlet 20 windows, directing plug 42 with carving aperture 43, counter nut 44, bolt 45. The lever drive 14 nestles on bolt 45, spring 46 fixed to valve mechanism 51. The lever drive 14, 48 detail 47 is attached by the hinge to cylinder 2 or to its block. The piston 4 is connected through rod 7 to camshaft 49, rigidly mounted on central shaft 50. Racetracks 18 contact levers 14 during rotation of shaft 50 and reject them on size of ledges 18. Webs of crankshaft 49 are supplied with additional, in contact with existing racetracks 18a with insignificant ledge. In case of four-cycle variant of execution of internal combustion engine (Fig. 5), on its central to shaft 50 central cog gear 61 which cooperates with pair of cog gears 60, located with parallel axes on both parties relative to axis of cylinder 2 from the central cog gear 61 is mounted, all mentioned gears are located in one plane, on lateral surfaces of mentioned pairs of gears there are additional racetracks 18 and 18a, contacting with drive levers are executed or fixed. In other execution of engine (Fig. 6) inlet 12 and outlet 13 valves are mounted parallel to axis of cylinder 2 and breach parts (valve heads) focused to head part of cylinder 2 on which cover 51 with executed in it deepenings 62, providing free course of valve heads and channels 63 is tightly mounted, connecting specified deepenings with working chamber of cylinder 2. In this case it is absolutely different way of gas- distributing, it differs with one end of each drive lever 53, hinge 52, is connected with bolt 45 with counter nut 44, mounted in carving adjusting plug 42, being in direct contact in working position with valve core 12 or 13, other end of drive lever 54, articulately mounted on crank 55 conducted gear wheels- sprocket wheel 57 which connected by chain transfer 58 with other leading sprocket wheel 56, rigidly mounted on central shaft 50 of engine. In way of gas-distributing in four-cycle engine parity of sizes of diameters leading 56 and conducted cogwheel 57 - sprocket wheels, correspond as one -to - two, and in two-stroke engine as one -to- one. For practical convenience, conducted cogwheels 57 and cranks 55 can be connected among themselves directly through chain transfer and/or shaft, at communication of any of them with leading cogwheel 56. Work of internal combustion engine (Fig. 4 and 5) occurs in common manner. By means of external force (for example, starter) shaft 50 is resulted by starter in rotary movement. Thus piston 4 makes reciprocating motion, and lever drive 14, due to racetracks 18 and 18a ensures functioning of valves 12 and 13. Gas- distributing mechanism works without camshaft and without its drives. Work of gas-distributing mechanism by variant of scheme of engine resulted on Fig. 6, occurs due to rotation of leading cogwheel 56 and as result of rotary movement transferred by it to cranks 55, levers 53 push the valve 12 and 13, ensure their functioning upon gas-distributing. This way of gas-distributing is carried out not without use of camshaft, but also without any racetracks.

Industrial applicability.

The offered essence of internal combustion engine under declared invention can be iteratively used in field of mechanical engineering, concretely propulsion engineering with reception of technical result, consisting that at engine dimensions maximally decrease due to reduction of height of head part of engine and compact arrangement of motor in under bonnet part of vehicle. Will be provided optimum operating conditions of pistons work because of reduction of absolute sizes of lateral forces influencing the cylinder, due to their redistribution on the different parts of the cylinder. As a result of friction in contact with piston-cylinder reduced, the EFFICIENCY and resource of the engine raises. The engine is more counterbalanced, so far as in it there are no asymmetrical rotating details of camshaft. The engine is simple in its design, has convenient arrangement of valve mechanisms and collectors.

The engine can work with usage of different kind of fuel (gasoline, diesel, gas, etc.). The minimal dimensions of the engine and smaller fuel consumption. The offered essence of way of gas-distributing in the internal combustion engine under the declared invention can be iteratively used in the field of mechanical engineering, concretely in propulsion engineering with reception of the technical result, consisting that is provided effective gas-distributing and greasing of the engine without complication of its design. All this allows to come to conclusion on conformity of declared internal combustion engine and the way of its cooling incorporated by general inventive conception to criterion of" industrial applicability".

Claims

FORMULA OF INVENTION

J . Internal combustion engine containing -mounted one on each other on rotations supports a rim at least with one orbital racetrack oval or other, closed, centrally symmetric configuration and the block of the cylinders radial converging to each other chambers of combustion covered by this racetrack, with the pistons mounted in them and pinch rolls which are in contact with mentioned orbital racetrack of riin_; and gas- distributing mechanism for cyclic opening and contact with combustion chambers of inlet channels for combustive mixture, and outlet channels for discharged gases, rim is supplied at least by two additional racetracks with cams located with opportunity of interaction with levers of drive inlet and outlet spring-loaded valves with which gas- distributing mechanism is supplied mounted on block of cylinders; in one case axes of spring- loaded valves arc located radial to center of rotation supports; spring- loaded valves are located on one axis and radial to center of rotation supports, in the oilier case axes of spring-loaded valves are located in parallel with cylinders; levers of drive inlet and outlet spring-loaded valves are supplied by the rolls mounted with an opportunity of interaction with cams of additional racetracks; the structure of additional racetracks and cams have form of part of Mbcbius surface, differing that inlet and outlet valves both arc mounted under right angle to cylinder, both on one axis and as mirrors opposite besides each other on a probably minimal distance, practically in size of valves course with drive levers contact with racetracks executed or fixed onto crank web of internal combustion engine.

2. Internal combustion engine of claim I₅ differing that webs of crankshaft are supplied with additional, in contact with existing racetracks with insignificant ledge, are located in same circuit surface with length equal to part of circle section, corresponding to diagram of gas-distributing phases: output of discbarge gases and begirming of consumption of inlet combustive mixture, allowing differentially provide output of gases from combustion chamber of the cylinder.

5 3. Internal combustion engine of claims 1 and 2, differing that in case of four-cycle variant of execution of internal combustion engine, on its central shaft central cogwheel which cooperates with pair of cogwheels located with parallel axes on both parts relative to axis of cylinder from central cogwheel is mounted, each of them has diameter twice larger than

K) diameter of central cogwheel, all mentioned cogwheels are located in one plane, on lateral surfaces of mentioned pairs of gears there are additional racetracks, contacting with drive levers are executed or fixed,

4. Internal combustion engine of claim 1, differing that inlet and outlet valves are mounted parallel to axis of cylinder and breach parts (valve

15 heads) focused to head part of cylinder, on which hermetically mounted a cover with executed in it deepenings, providing Jxee course of valve heads and channels, connecting specified deepenings with working chamber of the cylinder,

5. Internal combustion engine of claim 4, differing that one end of each 20 drive lever articulately connected with bolt with counter nut, mounted in carving adjusting plug, being in direct contact in working position with valve core, other end of drive lever articulately mounted on crank of conducted cogwheels- sprocket wheels which connected by chain transfer with other leading cogwheel, rigidly mounted on the central shaft of 25 engine.

6. Internal combustion engine of claim 5, differing that in four-cycle engine parity of sizes of diameters of leading and conducted cogwheels - sprocket wheels, correspond as one -to - two, and in two-stroke engine as one -to- one. Internal combustion engine of claims 4 and 5, differing that conducted cogwheels can be connected among themselves directly by chain transfer and/or shaft, with connection any of them to leading cogwheel.