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WO2009084119A1 - Appareil utilisant l'énergie solaire et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Appareil utilisant l'énergie solaire et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009084119A1
WO2009084119A1 PCT/JP2007/075421 JP2007075421W WO2009084119A1 WO 2009084119 A1 WO2009084119 A1 WO 2009084119A1 JP 2007075421 W JP2007075421 W JP 2007075421W WO 2009084119 A1 WO2009084119 A1 WO 2009084119A1
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repellent
solar energy
utilizing apparatus
water
energy utilizing
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Kazufumi Ogawa
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/30—Coatings
    • H10F77/306—Coatings for devices having potential barriers
    • H10F77/311—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
    • H10F77/315—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar energy utilizing apparatus, such as a solar battery, a solar water heater, and a greenhouse, having durability, high water releasing property (also referred to as water lubricity), and an effect of reducing surface reflection of incident light, and wherein a water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating is formed on a surface of a transparent substrate on a light incident side, as well as a method of manufacturing the same.
  • a chemisorpotion liquid comprising a chlorosilane-based adsorbent containing a fluorocarbon group and a non-water-based organic solvent can be used to effect chemisorption in a liquid phase so as to form a water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant chemisorption film in the form of a monomolecular film (for example, see Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 04-132637).
  • a manufacture principle of the chemisorption monomolecular film in such a solution is in forming the monomolecular film by means of dehydrochlorination reaction between active hydrogen, such as a hydroxyl group on a substrate surface, and a chlorosilyl group of the chlorosilane-based adsorbent.
  • a conventional chemisorption monomolecular film utilizes chemical bonding between an adsorbent and a substrate surface, and thus has a certain degree of wear resistance or water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant functions, there has been a problem that weather resistance, water releasing property, and soil resistance are insufficient when used as a soil-resistant film for a solar battery, a solar water heater, or a greenhouse. In addition, there has also been a problem that a sufficient effect of reducing surface reflection of incident light cannot be expected due to a thinness of the film.
  • the present invention is, in the solar battery, the solar water heater, or the greenhouse, where high durability, high water releasing property, and water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant performance are required, intended to provide a solar energy utilizing apparatus that improves power generation efficiency of the solar battery or heat collection efficiency of the solar water heater, the greenhouse, or the like, and that prevents deterioration over time due to soil, by the improvement in the wear resistance, the high water releasing property, and the soil resistance, along with the effect of reducing surface reflection of the incident light, as well as a method of manufacturing the same.
  • a solar energy utilizing apparatus provided as means for solving the foregoing problems is characterized in that a surface of a transparent substrate on a light incident side is covered with water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant transparent particles that have been fixed by sintering to the surface of the transparent substrate.
  • the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a second invention is, in the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the first invention, characterized in that a surface of the transparent particle is partially coated with a water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating.
  • the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a third invention is, in the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the second invention, characterized in that the transparent particle is fixed by sintering to the surface of the transparent substrate via a transparent metal oxide film.
  • the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a fourth invention is, in the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the third invention, characterized in that the metal oxide film is a silica-based glass film.
  • the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a fifth invention is, in the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the fourth invention, characterized in that a surface of the silica-based glass film is coated with the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating.
  • the solar energy utilizing apparatus is, in the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the fifth invention, characterized in that at least the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating is covalently bonded to the surfaces of the transparent particle and silica-based glass film.
  • the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a seventh invention is, in the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the first to sixth inventions, characterized in that the transparent particle is translucent silica, alumina, or zirconia.
  • the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to an eighth invention is, in the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the first to seventh inventions, characterized in that the size of the transparent particle is less than a wavelength of visible light.
  • the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a ninth invention is, in the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the eighth inventions, characterized in that the size of the transparent particle is not more than 100 nm.
  • the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a tenth invention is, in the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the first to ninth inventions, characterized in that a contact angle to water is controlled to be not less than 130 degrees.
  • a method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus is characterized by including: a first step of preparing the transparent particles, the surfaces thereof being covered with a water-repellent or oil-repellent coating; a second step of preparing a dispersion, wherein the transparent particles are dispersed in a solution containing metal alkoxide; a third step of applying and drying the dispersion on the surface of the transparent substrate; a fourth step of heat-treating the transparent substrate having the dispersion applied thereto in an atmosphere containing oxygen; and a fifth step of forming the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating on the surface of the transparent substrate that has been heat-treated at the fourth step.
  • the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a twelfth invention is, in the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the eleventh invention, characterized in that the metal alkoxide produces silica-based glass by the heat treatment.
  • the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a thirteenth invention is, in the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the eleventh and twelfth inventions, characterized in that a temperature of the heat treatment at the fourth step is not less than 250 degrees C, and not more than a melting point of the transparent substrate and the transparent particle.
  • the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a fourteenth invention is, in the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the eleventh to thirteenth inventions, characterized in that a solvent having the metal alkoxide dissolved therein is water-based, and that the coating covering the surface of the transparent particle at the first step is water-repellent.
  • the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a fifteenth invention is, in the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the eleventh to fourteenth inventions, characterized in that the formation of the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating at the fifth step is carried out by contacting a film-forming solution containing any of: (1) a trialkoxysilane derivative containing a fluorocarbon group and a silanol condensation catalyst; (2) a trichlorosilane derivative containing the fluorocarbon group; and (3) an isocyanate derivative containing the fluorocarbon group, as well as an organic solvent, with the transparent substrate having the transparent particles fixed by sintering to the surface thereof.
  • the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a sixteenth invention is, in the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the fifteenth invention, characterized in that, after contacting the film-forming solution with the transparent substrate, the excess film-forming solution is washed off.
  • the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to a seventeenth invention is, in the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus according to the fifteenth and sixteenth inventions, characterized in that the film-forming solution contains the silanol condensation catalyst, and that one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a ketimine compound, organic acid, metal oxide, an aldimine compound, an enamine compound, an oxazolidine compound, and an aminoalkylalkoxysilane compound are used as a co-catalyst with the silanol catalyst.
  • the surface of the transparent substrate on the light incident side is covered with the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant transparent particles fixed thereto by sintering, it becomes possible to improve water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant properties, water releasing property (water lubricity), wear resistance, whether resistance, and the like on the surface of the transparent substrate on the light incident side in the solar energy utilizing apparatus.
  • the transparent particle covered with the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating because it allows for manufacturing the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant solar energy utilizing apparatus in a simple manner using a raw material, such as silica and alumina, which is inexpensive and exhibits excellent wear resistance or the like.
  • the transparent particle is fixed by sintering to the surface of the transparent substrate via the transparent metal oxide film, in order to improve the wear resistance.
  • the metal oxide film if it is the silica-based glass film, has the same refractive index or coefficient of thermal expansion as that of the transparent substrate, in order to improve optical property, heat resistance, and the like.
  • the surface of the silica-based glass film is coated with the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating, in order to improve the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant properties.
  • water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating is covalently bonded to the surfaces of the transparent particle and silica-based glass film, in order to improve the durability.
  • the transparent particle is translucent silica, alumina, or zirconia, in order to improve the wear resistance without impairing translucency.
  • the size of the transparent particle is less than the wavelength of the visible light (360-700 nm), in order to ensure the translucency of water-repellent glass.
  • the size of the transparent particle is preferably 5-300 nm, and more preferably 10-100 nm in order not to impair the translucency.
  • the contact angle to water is controlled to be not less than 130 degrees, because it allows for improving the water releasing property and preventing rain droplets from remaining on the surface, resulting in constantly ensuring the translucency.
  • the invention relating to the method of manufacturing the solar energy utilizing apparatus, including, the first step of preparing the transparent particles, the surfaces thereof being covered with the water-repellent or oil-repellent coating; the second step of preparing the dispersion, wherein the transparent particles are dispersed in the solution containing the metal alkoxide; the third step of applying and drying the dispersion on the surface of the transparent substrate; the fourth step of heat-treating the transparent substrate having the dispersion applied thereto in the atmosphere containing oxygen; and the fifth step of forming the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating on the surface of the transparent substrate that has been heat-treated at the fourth step, it becomes possible to manufacture the solar energy utilizing apparatus with the improved water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant properties, water releasing property (water lubricity), wear resistance, weather resistance, and the like, in an inexpensive and simple manner. Additionally, at this time, it is advantageous if the metal alkoxide produces the silica-based glass by
  • the temperature of the heat treatment at the fourth step is not less than 250 degrees C, and not more than the melting point of the transparent substrate and transparent particle, because it allows for preventing the transparent substrate and the transparent particle from deformation due to melting upon fixing the particles by bonding.
  • the coating covering the surface of the transparent particle is water-repellent in the case that the solvent having the metal alkoxide dissolved therein is water-based, because it allows the particle to be exposed from the metal alkoxide upon application, resulting in forming irregularities having a high aspect ratio.
  • the fifth step of forming the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating is carried out by contacting the film-forming solution containing any of: (1) the trialkoxysilane derivative containing the fluorocarbon group and the silanol condensation catalyst; (2) the trichlorosilane derivative containing the fluorocarbon group; and (3) the isocyanate derivative containing the fluorocarbon group, as well as the organic solvent, with the transparent substrate having the transparent particles fixed by sintering to the surface thereof, because it allows for improving water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant performance with simple operation and for reducing surface energy without impairing the irregularities on the surface.
  • the fifth step of forming the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating it is advantageous, at the fifth step of forming the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating, to include the step of washing off the excess film-forming solution after contacting the film-forming solution with the transparent substrate, because it allows for further reducing the surface energy without impairing the irregularities on the surface.
  • the film-forming solution containing the trialkoxysilane derivative having the fluorocarbon group, the silanol condensation catalyst, and the organic solvent is used at the fifth step of forming the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating, to use one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the ketimine compound, organic acid, metal oxide, the aldimine compound, the enamine compound, the oxazolidine compound, and the aminoalkylalkoxysilane compound as the co-catalyst with the silanol catalyst, because it allows for reducing manufacturing time.
  • a solar energy utilizing apparatus such as a solar battery, a solar water heater, and a greenhouse
  • high durability, high water releasing property, as well as water-repellent, oil repellent, and soil-resistant performance are required
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram enlarged to a molecular level for illustrating process of forming a monomolecular film containing an oil-repellent fluorocarbon group on a surface of a silica particle in a first example of the present invention, wherein 1A is a sectional view of the silica particle before reaction and 1B is a sectional view thereof after the monomolecular film containing the fluorocarbon group is formed;
  • Fig. 2 is a conceptual sectional diagram enlarged to a molecular level for illustrating process of manufacturing a transparent glass substrate having nanometer-level irregularities on a surface thereof, using the silica particle having the monomolecular film containing the fluorocarbon group formed on the surface thereof, in the first example of the present invention, wherein 2A is a sectional view showing a state that a coating film containing the silica particle coated with the monomolecular film containing the fluorocarbon group, as well as silica-based glass component, is formed and 2B is a sectional view showing a state that the monomolecular film is removed after baking; and Fig.
  • 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating process of forming a solar battery layer on a back surface of the glass substrate having the irregularities on the surface thereof in the first example of the present invention, wherein 3A is a sectional view showing a state that the solar battery layer is formed on the back surface and 3B is a sectional view showing a state that the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant monomolecular film is further formed on the surface.
  • the present invention provides a solar energy utilizing apparatus, wherein a surface of a transparent substrate on a light incident side is covered with water-repellent and oil-repellent transparent particles that have been fixed by sintering to the surface of the transparent substrate, manufactured by a method including: a first step of preparing the transparent particles, the surfaces thereof being covered with a water-repellent or oil-repellent coating; a second step of preparing a dispersion, wherein the transparent particles are dispersed in a solution containing metal alkoxide; a third step of applying and drying the dispersion on the surface of the transparent substrate; a fourth step of heat-treating the transparent substrate having the dispersion applied thereto in an atmosphere containing oxygen; and a fifth step of forming a water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating on the surface of the transparent substrate that has been heat-treated at the fourth step.
  • the present invention has an effect, in the solar energy utilizing apparatus, such as a solar battery, a solar water heater, and a greenhouse, where high durability, high water releasing property, and water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant performance are required, that it is possible to improve power generation efficiency or heat collection efficiency while preventing deterioration due to soil by improvement in wear resistance, the high water releasing property, or soil resistance, along with an effect of reducing surface reflection of incident light.
  • the present invention will be described in detail by reference to examples hereinafter, the present invention is not limited by these examples in any degree.
  • the solar battery, the solar water heater, and the greenhouse apply the similar methods in principle of imparting functions to improve the power generation efficiency or the heat collection efficiency and to prevent the deterioration due to soil, by the improvement in the wear resistance, the high water releasing property, and the soil resistance, along with the effect of reducing surface reflection of the incident light, therefore, the case will be described first as a representative example where the transparent substrate on a light incident side of the solar battery is glass. [Examples]
  • a chemisorption liquid is prepared by weighing 99 weight parts of CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 (CH2) 2 Si(OCH 3 )3, as an example of a trialkoxysilane derivative containing a fluorocarbon group (-CF 3 ), and 1 weight part of dibutyltin diacetylacetonate, as an example of a silanol condensation catalyst, respectively, and by dissolving them in a hexamethyldisiloxiane solvent, as an example of an organic solvent, so that the trialkoxysilane derivative accounts for approximately 1 weight % (preferable concentration is approximately 0.5 to 3%).
  • a silica particle 1 (Fig. 1A) (it may be a particle of glass, alumina, or zirconia, as long as it is transparent), as an example of a transparent particle, having a diameter of approximately 100 nm is sufficiently dried, mixed in the chemisorption liquid, and caused to react for approximately 1 hour while agitating in atmospheric air (relative humidity of 45%) (In order not to impair transparency, the diameter of the particle is preferably smaller than a wavelength of visible light (380 to 700 nm). In particular, the diameter of the particle is preferably 5 to 300 nm, and more preferably 10 to 100 nm).
  • a surface of the silica particle 1 contains many hydroxyl groups 2
  • a -Si(OCH 3 ) 3 group of the trialkoxysilane derivative and the hydroxyl group 2 undergo dealcoholization condensation (in this case, CH 3 OH is removed) under the presence of the silanol condensation catalyst, and a monomolecular film 3 containing the fluorocarbon group, having a film thickness of approximately 1 nm, is formed over the entire surface of the silica particle 1 , as represented in the following Formula (I).
  • O -Si(OCH 3 ) 3 group of the trialkoxysilane derivative and the hydroxyl group 2 undergo dealcoholization condensation (in this case, CH 3 OH is removed) under the presence of the silanol condensation catalyst, and a monomolecular film 3 containing the fluorocarbon group, having a film thickness of approximately 1 nm, is formed over the entire surface of the silica particle 1 , as represented in the following Formula (I).
  • a dispersion is prepared by dispersing approximately 1 wt% of the silica particles 4 coated with the oil-repellent monomolecular film 3 in a solution (it may utilize a commercially available metal alkoxide solution, diluted with alcohol, that can form a transparent coating using the sol-gel method), which has been prepared by weighing tetramethoxysilane (Si(OCH 3 ) ⁇ , as an example of the metal alkoxide that forms silica-based glass by heat treatment, and dibutyltin diacetylacetonate, as an example of the silanol condensation catalyst, respectively, in the molar ratio of 99:1 , and by dissolving them in the hexamethyldisiloxiane solvent, as an example of the organic solvent, with the concentration of approximately 1 wt% in total (preferable concentration is approximately 0.5 to 3%).
  • a solution it may utilize a commercially available metal alkoxide solution, diluted with alcohol, that can form a transparent coating
  • a silanol group resulting from hydrolysis by tetramethoxysilane reacting with moisture in the air, undergoes dealcoholization reaction with an alkoxysilyl group, eventually forming a coating film 6 cotaining silica-based glass component having the film thickness of approximately 50 nm.
  • the silica particle 1 is fixed by sintering to the surface of the glass substrate 5 via a silica-based glass film (an example of a transparent metal oxide film) 6a, so that a glass substrate 7 having nanometer-level irregularities on the surface thereof can be manufactured (the baking temperature is not less than 250 degrees C, and not more than a melting point of the glass substrate 5 and the silica particle 1 , wherein the higher it is, the more robustly the particle can be fixed by sintering to the glass surface).
  • a silica-based glass film an example of a transparent metal oxide film
  • the monomolecular film 3 containing the fluorocarbon group on the surface of the silica particle 4 is completely removed by decomposition by heat-treating it under the presence of oxygen (Fig. 2B).
  • the sintering is effected if the baking is carried out at the temperature of 250 to 350 degrees C
  • the monomolecular film 3 can be completely removed by decomposition at the temperature of over 350 degrees C.
  • an ITO film is deposited on a back surface of the glass substrate 7 having the nanometer-level irregularities on the surface, using the spatter deposition method, to form an ITO transparent electrode 8.
  • a p-type amorphous silicon layer 9 and an n-type amorphous silicon layer 10 are then formed in that order in a publicly-known manner using the plasma CVD method, and then an aluminum back electrode 11, also serving as a reflection film, is deposited thereon, to fabricate the solar battery layer (Fig. 3A).
  • a film-formation temperature of amorphous silicon and a deposition temperature of the aluminum electrode are generally not more than 450 degrees C (lower than the melting point of the silica particle 1 , the glass substrate 5, and the silica-based glass film 6a), the glass substrate 7 having the particles fixed thereto by sintering is not damaged during fabrication process of the solar battery layer.
  • a solar battery 13 coated with the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant monomolecular film having the irregularities on the surface thereof can be manufactured, wherein a part of the silica particle 1 and the surface of the silica-based glass film 6a are coated with a water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant monomolecular film 12 as an example of the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant coating (FIG. 3B).
  • an arrow 14 represents a direction of light incidence.
  • the silica particle 1 on the surface of the glass substrate 5 is fixed by sintering to the surface of the glass plate via the silica-based glass film 6a, and the surface on which the silica particle 1 fixed by sintering is exposed and the surface on which the silica-based glass film 6a is exposed are fully coated (covalently bonded) with the monomolecular film 12 containing the fluorocarbon group.
  • the film thickness of the monomolecular film 12 containing the fluorocarbon group is approximately 1 nm, which is much smaller than the size of the silica particle 1 on the surface of the glass substrate 5.
  • the surface of the transparent substrate fabricated according to the method of the present invention has the substantially smaller surface energy (on average, not more than 3 mN/m), so that the surface having extremely high water releasing property and soil resistance can be realized.
  • the silica particle has hardness higher than that of glass, does not substantially contain alkali component, and is fixed by sintering to the surface of the transparent substrate, it has the higher wear resistance and water resistance and can considerably improve weather resistance, as compared to the monomolecular film directly fabricated on the surface of the transparent glass substrate using CF 3 (CF 2 )7(CH 2 ) 2 SiCl3.
  • the thickness of the resulting monomolecular film 12 including the particle 1 is approximately 100 nm in total, transparency is not impaired. Further, since the silica particle 4 coated with the oil-repellent monomolecular film 3 can arbitrarily control surface refractive index in a range between 1.3 and 1.5 by controlling adhesion density of nano particles, surface reflection on the light incident side can be minimized.
  • the trialkoxysilane derivative, CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 (CH 2 ) 2 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 , having the fluorocarbon group is used for forming the water-repellent, oil-repellent, and soil-resistant monomolecular film 12 in the above-described first example, but the trialkoxysilane derivatives represented in the following (1) to (12), other than the above example, can be used.
  • alkyltrialkoxysilane derivative CH 3 (CH 2 ) 9 Si(OCH 3 )3
  • the alkyltrialkoxysilane derivatives represented in the following (21) to (32), other than the above example can be used.
  • the silanol condensation catalyst it is possible, as the silanol condensation catalyst, to use carboxylic acid metal salts, carboxylate ester metal salts, carboxylic acid metal salt polymers, carboxylic acid metal salt chelates, titanates, and titanate chelates.
  • stannous acetates dibutyltin dilaulates, dibutyltin dioctates, dibutyltin diacetates, dioctyltin dilaurates, dioctyltin dioctates, dioctyltin diacetates, stannous dioctates, lead naphthenates, cobalt naphthenates, 2-ethyl hexenic acid irons, dioctyltin-bis-octylthioglycolate salts, dioctyltin maleate salts, dibutyltin maleate polymers, dimethyltin mercaptopropionate polymers, dibutyltin bis-acetyl acetates, dioctyltin bis-acetyllaurates, tetrabutyl titanates, tetranonyl titanates, and bis(acetylace
  • the trichlorosilane derivatives having the fluorocarbon group represented in the following (41) to (45) and the triisocyanatesilane derivatives containing the fluorocarbon group represented in (46) to (52) can be used, wherein the silanol condensation catalyst is not required.
  • the solvent of the film-forming solution can include an organochlorine-based solvent having no water content, a hydrocarbon-based solvent, a fluorocarbon-based solvent, a silicone-based solvent, or a mixture thereof.
  • a boiling point of the solvent is approximately 50 to 250 degrees C.
  • the specifically available solvent can include, in the case of the chlorosilane derivative, non-water-based petroleum naphtha, solvent naphtha, petroleum ether, petroleum benzine, isoparaffin, normal paraffin, decalin, industrial gasoline, nonane, decane, kerosene, dimethyl silicone, phenyl silicone, alkyl-modified silicone, polyether silicone, dimethylformamide, or the like. Further, if the monomolecular film containing the fluorocarbon group is formed by only veporizing the solvent using the alkoxysilane derivative, it is possible to use, in addition to the above-described solvent, an alcohol-based solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and the like, or a mixture thereof.
  • an alcohol-based solvent such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and the like, or a mixture thereof.
  • the available fluorocarbon-based solvent includes a flon-based solvent, Florinate (from 3M, U.S.), Aflude (from Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), or the like.
  • organochlorine-based solvent such as chloroform
  • reaction time can be reduced to about half to two-third under the condition that the concentration thereof is similar to that of the above-described silanol condensation catalysts.
  • the reaction can be further accelerated by several times, so that the time required for film-formation process can be reduced to a few tenths (while the silanol condensation catalyst and the co-catalyst can be used in a range of the molar ratio of 1 :9 to 9:1 , approximately 1 :1 is desired).
  • reaction time can be reduced to approximately 1 hour.
  • reaction time can be reduced to approximately 20 minutes.
  • the available ketimine compound includes, but not specifically limited to, for example, 2, 5, 8-triaza-1 , 8-nonadiene, 3, 11-dimethyl-4, 7, 10-triaza-3, 10-tridecadiene, 2, 10-dimethyl-3, 6, 9-triaza-2, 9-undecadiene, 2, 4, 12, 14-tetramethyl-5, 8, 11-triaza-4, 11-pentadecadiene, 2, 4, 15, 17-tetramethyl-5, 8, 11 , 14-tetraaza-4, 14-octadecadiene, 2, 4, 20, 22-tetramethyl-5, 12, 19-triaza-4, 19-trieicosadiene, or the like.
  • the available organic acid can include, but not specifically limited to, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, monobasic acids, such as propionic acid, hydroxyl acids, such as butyric acid, dibasic acids, such as malonic acid, wherein any of them exhibits the similar result.
  • formic acid acetic acid
  • monobasic acids such as propionic acid
  • hydroxyl acids such as butyric acid
  • dibasic acids such as malonic acid
  • alumina, zirconia, or the like is apparently applicable instead of silica as the harder transparent particle than the glass substrate.
  • the present invention is not limited to these applications, but apparently applicable to equipment utilizing the solar energy, such as the greenhouse.

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Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un appareil utilisant l'énergie solaire, tel qu'une pile solaire 13 présentant des irrégularités sur l'une de ses surfaces et recouverte d'une monocouche hydrophobe. Ledit appareil est fabriqué par la préparation de particules transparentes ayant un revêtement hydrophobe ou oléophobe, leur dispersion dans une solution contenant un alcoxyde de métal, l'application et le séchage de la dispersion obtenue sur la surface d'un substrat de verre 5, puis son traitement thermique et la formation d'une monocouche hydrophobe, oléophobe et non salissante 12 sur la surface du substrat de verre 5, sur laquelle les particules transparentes sont fixées par liaison.
PCT/JP2007/075421 2007-12-27 2007-12-27 Appareil utilisant l'énergie solaire et son procédé de fabrication Ceased WO2009084119A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07300346A (ja) * 1994-05-09 1995-11-14 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd 防汚性低反射率ガラスおよびその製造方法
JP2001287971A (ja) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 防汚性被膜及びその製造方法、それを用いた自動車用防汚ガラス及びその製造方法、並びにそれを用いた自動車
JP2005169761A (ja) * 2003-12-10 2005-06-30 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd 酸化物膜付き基材、および酸化錫膜付き基材の製造方法
JP2007126332A (ja) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-24 Kagawa Univ 撥水性ガラス板とその製造方法及びそれを用いた乗り物またはガラス窓
JP2007137767A (ja) * 1991-01-23 2007-06-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 撥水撥油性ガラス基体
JP2008007365A (ja) * 2006-06-28 2008-01-17 Kagawa Univ 太陽エネルギー利用装置とその製造方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007137767A (ja) * 1991-01-23 2007-06-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 撥水撥油性ガラス基体
JPH07300346A (ja) * 1994-05-09 1995-11-14 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd 防汚性低反射率ガラスおよびその製造方法
JP2001287971A (ja) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 防汚性被膜及びその製造方法、それを用いた自動車用防汚ガラス及びその製造方法、並びにそれを用いた自動車
JP2005169761A (ja) * 2003-12-10 2005-06-30 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd 酸化物膜付き基材、および酸化錫膜付き基材の製造方法
JP2007126332A (ja) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-24 Kagawa Univ 撥水性ガラス板とその製造方法及びそれを用いた乗り物またはガラス窓
JP2008007365A (ja) * 2006-06-28 2008-01-17 Kagawa Univ 太陽エネルギー利用装置とその製造方法

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