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WO2009083107A1 - Dispositif de chauffage - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009083107A1
WO2009083107A1 PCT/EP2008/010435 EP2008010435W WO2009083107A1 WO 2009083107 A1 WO2009083107 A1 WO 2009083107A1 EP 2008010435 W EP2008010435 W EP 2008010435W WO 2009083107 A1 WO2009083107 A1 WO 2009083107A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating device
heat exchanger
heating
heating element
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2008/010435
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Hetzler
Frank Bartmann
Norbert Ernst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
BorgWarner Ludwigsburg GmbH
Original Assignee
Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
Beru AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG, Beru AG filed Critical Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH and Co KG
Priority to DE112008002833T priority Critical patent/DE112008002833A5/de
Publication of WO2009083107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009083107A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0452—Frame constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC resistor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/003—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a heating device is known from WO 2007/071335.
  • the known heating device is used as a heat exchanger, an extruded profile having openings through which flows a fluid to be heated.
  • a heating device with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 is also known from DE 101 02 671 A1.
  • this heater numerous lamellar sheets are pushed as clamping heat transfer to mutually parallel heating rods, which are filled with PTC heating elements as a heat exchanger.
  • the object of the invention is to improve a heater of the type mentioned. This object is achieved in that the heat exchanger is an open-cell foam material.
  • Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • a heating device can deliver the heat generated by one or more electric heating elements particularly efficiently to a fluid flow to be heated, for example an air flow, since the open-cell foam material used as heat exchanger has an advantageously large surface area.
  • the use of an open-pore foam material, preferably a metal or ceramic foam, as a heat exchanger also enables a significant weight saving in comparison with conventional heating devices with lamellae or extruded profiles as a heat exchanger.
  • a heating device according to the invention is particularly suitable as interior heating of a motor vehicle for heating an air flow.
  • a heating device preferably has a plurality of electrical heating elements, in particular PTC heating elements.
  • the heating elements can be arranged in a housing, for example a rod-shaped housing as is known, for example, from DE 101 02 671 A1.
  • the heat exchanger may be non-positively, positively or materially secured to the housing, for example, heat exchanger and housing may be jammed, pressed, locked, glued, soldered or welded.
  • Preferred attachment options are in particular clamping or sticking and to the housing to spray a foam material for forming the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger forms a housing in which the one or more heating elements are arranged. It is also possible to dispense with a housing so that the heating elements are exposed directly to the fluid flow to be heated.
  • the heating elements can be non-positively, positively or materially connected to the heat exchanger. It is preferred to jam the entire assembly in a frame or to arrange the individual heating elements in cavities and to press together. It is also possible that the heating elements are made of an open-cell foam material and form the heat exchanger or a part of the heat exchanger.
  • the foam material has a closed surface area, which faces the at least one heating element. This measure has the advantage that heat generated by the heating elements or the heating elements can be absorbed by the heat exchanger in a particularly efficient manner.
  • the closed surface area can rest, for example, on a housing surrounding the heating elements or a metal strip contacting the heating elements. It is also possible that the foam material rests with its closed surface area directly on the one or more heating elements.
  • the foam material has a density which decreases with increasing distance from the heating element (s).
  • the thermal conductivity of the heat exchanger can be adapted to the amount of heat to be transported.
  • the amount of heat flowing through the heat exchanger decreases with the distance from the heating element (s). Therefore, close to the heating elements, a higher density is advantageous, so that a large amount of heat can be dissipated by the heating element or elements.
  • the quantity of heat to be transported decreases, which is why a lower density, in particular a larger pore size, are increasingly advantageous in order to reduce the flow resistance of the heat exchanger and to save weight.
  • the density of the foam material can change continuously or suddenly. In order to utilize the above-described advantages of a location-dependent density at least in part, it is sufficient if the density changes only once, which can be achieved for example by joining two plates of a foam material with different density, in particular different pore size.
  • the density of a foam material depends primarily on the pore size and the thickness of the walls present between the pores. A change in density can therefore be effected by a variation of the pore size. Another way to change the density is to vary the wall thicknesses between the pores.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that in the heat exchanger straight running flow channels are present.
  • This measure has the advantage of reducing the flow resistance of the heat exchanger.
  • the flow channels may be formed, for example, as slots, slots or holes.
  • the flow channels can run perpendicular to the surface of the heat exchanger. But it is also possible that the flow channels run obliquely to the surface of the heat exchanger. In this way, the flow path of the fluid can be extended, so that heat can be released to the fluid more intensively, or the flow direction can be influenced.
  • Linear flow channels can be produced in the foam material during its production or can be produced in the heat exchanger with little effort, for example by drilling, milling or punching.
  • a heating device preferably contains a plurality of heating elements.
  • a plurality of heating elements are preferably combined in an elongated assembly, which contains a plurality of heating elements in a straight line arrangement one behind the other.
  • a plurality of such assemblies for example a plurality of heating elements with PTC elements, may be present.
  • the heating elements can be contacted in such an assembly by a common conductor, preferably a metal strip, and supplied with power.
  • the circuit can be connected via the heat exchangers or another line terbahn, for example, another metal strip to be closed. In such an arrangement, the conductor used for the power supply is to be insulated from the heat exchanger.
  • a direct contact of the current-supplying conductor to the heat exchanger is prevented by using as heating elements PTC resistors, which are arranged in pairs next to each other.
  • the trace may pass between the PTC elements of each pair, which are thereby both contacted so that the current-carrying trace is separated from the heat exchanger by the PTC heating elements.
  • the foam material is molded onto the at least one housing to form the heat exchanger. It is particularly preferred that two opposite longitudinal sides of the housing remain free. In this way, it is possible to introduce a heater into the housing only after the injection of the foam material. Even after the molding of the foam material, the housing can still be pressed by pressure on its free narrow sides in order to achieve a good thermal coupling of heating elements arranged therein. In addition, heating elements can be easily introduced with a mounting frame made of plastic in the housing, as it is not exposed to the high temperatures occurring during injection molding. It is also possible to inject foam material to form a heat exchanger on three or even all longitudinal sides, so that the housing is surrounded by the heat exchanger.
  • heating elements can be positioned without a mounting frame in the housing, for example.
  • a mounting frame made of a polymer ceramic can be used. Polymeric ceramics are sufficiently resistant to heat to withstand the temperatures occurring in the housing during injection molding of a metal foam. It is even possible to use a mounting frame made of conventional plastic, even with an encapsulation of the housing.
  • the heat capacity of the housing can prevent the encapsulation of the housing in its interior excessive temperatures occur.
  • a slight overheating of the mounting frame which leads to a loss of shape, unproblematic, since the mounting frame has fulfilled its function after insertion into the housing and is no longer needed in the subsequent operation of the heater itself.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a heating device according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows the embodiment shown in Figure 1 from the side
  • FIG 3 shows the embodiment shown in Figure 1 from above
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view of a modified embodiment
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a heating device according to the invention.
  • Figure 7 shows the embodiment shown in Figure 6 in an exploded view.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a heating device, which is designed for heating an air flow as interior heating of a vehicle.
  • the heating device is shown in Figure 1 in the direction of the flow direction of an air stream to be heated, in Figure 2 in a side view and in Figure 3 in a view from above.
  • the heater shown has a heat exchanger 1 made of an open-cell foam material, such as a metal foam.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is flowed through by the air stream to be heated.
  • the heat emitted by the heat exchanger 1 to the air flow is by means of PTC Produces heating elements 2, which are enclosed by the heat exchanger 1 and can be seen in the schematic sectional view shown in Figure 4.
  • the PTC heating elements 2 are arranged in rod-shaped housings 3, which are stuck in the heat exchanger 1.
  • the housings 3 protect the PTC heating elements 2 from contact with the air flow to be heated.
  • the rod-shaped housing 3 are connected by clamping with the heat exchanger 1, so that a good heat-conducting contact between the housings 3 and the heat exchanger 1 results.
  • the housing 3 may also be materially connected to the heat exchanger 1, in particular soldered, which also causes a good thermal contact.
  • a molded-on heat exchanger 1 can enclose the housing as shown in FIG. 4, that is to say be injection-molded onto all longitudinal sides, or be injection-molded onto only one longitudinal side.
  • the heat exchanger 1 carries a connection housing 5 and at its opposite end a hood 7, which protects the heat exchanger 1 against damage during installation.
  • the metal foam of the heat exchanger 1 has a pore size, which increases with increasing distance from the rod-shaped housing 3. As the distance from the heating elements 2 increases, the amount of heat to be transported by the metal foam decreases. Close to the heating elements 2, therefore, a smaller pore size is advantageous in order to be able to conduct heat generated quickly, while with increasing distance a larger pore size, which allows a lower flow resistance for the fluid to be heated, becomes more advantageous.
  • the Po Reindeer size may increase continuously or skyrocket.
  • the heat exchanger 1 in the region of the housing 3 receiving recesses has a closed surface area. By the heat exchanger 2 with a closed surface against the housings 3, a particularly good heat-conducting contact results.
  • the PTC elements 2 are arranged one behind the other in the rod-shaped housings 3 and are supplied with power by rigid electrical leads 4, which project into a connection housing 5 shown in FIG.
  • a connection housing 5 In the connection housing 5 further protrudes a ground line 6, which is electrically connected via the heat exchanger 1 to the outer sides of the housing 3 and thus also connected to the heating elements 2.
  • the leads 4 and the ground line 6 can be connected via connectors, for example, to the electrical system of a motor vehicle or to a control unit.
  • the heating elements 2 are preferably arranged in pairs in the housings 3, the supply lines 4 formed as metal strips each extending between the heating element pairs. In this way, no additional electrical insulation is required. It is also possible to arrange the PTC heating elements 2 one after another in the housings 3 and to insulate the lead 4 from the housing 3 by means of an insulating layer.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section through the heat exchanger 1 and the heating elements arranged therein with their housings 3 and heating elements 2 contained therein.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is formed as a block having openings which receive the housings 3. But it is also possible, the heat exchanger 1 of two heat exchanger parts 1a, 1b together, between which the heating elements 2 are arranged.
  • a cross section through a correspondingly modified embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a further exemplary embodiment, which differs from the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 only in that the heat exchanger 1 is composed of two plate-shaped heat exchangers 1 a, 1 b, between which the heating elements 2 are arranged in housings 3 ,
  • the two heat exchanger parts 1 a, 1 b are of identical design and each have recesses which are adapted to the shape of the housing 3.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show a further embodiment of a heating device, which also serves to heat a fluid flow and is designed as êtraumbeheizer a motor vehicle. For simplicity, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, no electrical connections are shown.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is also an open-pore metal foam in the embodiment shown in Figure 6.
  • two heat exchangers 1 are present, between which PTC heating elements 2 are arranged in accordance with the exploded illustration shown in FIG.
  • PTC heating elements 2 are arranged between two metal strips 10 and held there by a plastic frame 11.
  • straight-flow flow channels 12 are present in the heat exchangers 1 of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Such flow channels 12 may also be present in the above described embodiments of Figures 1 to 5.
  • the rectilinear flow channels 12 can run perpendicular or obliquely to the surface of the heat exchanger 1 and be executed as holes or slots.
  • the two heat exchangers 1 of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are arranged next to one another in the flow direction of the fluid flow to be heated. If necessary, the heater can be arbitrarily increased by further heat exchanger 1 are arranged with intermediate heating elements 2 side by side. Bezu ⁇ swoo

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de chauffage servant à chauffer un fluide, ce dispositif comprenant au moins un élément chauffant (2) électrique et au moins un échangeur de chaleur (1) pouvant être traversé par le fluide à chauffer de sorte que la chaleur générée par le ou les éléments chauffants (2) soit transférée au fluide. Selon l'invention, l'échangeur de chaleur (1) est un matériau alvéolaire à pores ouverts.
PCT/EP2008/010435 2007-12-21 2008-12-09 Dispositif de chauffage Ceased WO2009083107A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112008002833T DE112008002833A5 (de) 2007-12-21 2008-12-09 Heizvorrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007062302A DE102007062302A1 (de) 2007-12-21 2007-12-21 Heizvorrichtung
DE102007062302.1 2007-12-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009083107A1 true WO2009083107A1 (fr) 2009-07-09

Family

ID=40689808

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/010435 Ceased WO2009083107A1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2008-12-09 Dispositif de chauffage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (2) DE102007062302A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009083107A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113411924A (zh) * 2020-03-17 2021-09-17 赫姆斯多夫埃贝赫卡滕有限两合公司 电加热装置及制造该电加热装置的方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013010850B4 (de) * 2013-06-28 2019-03-28 Webasto SE Elektrisches Heizmodul, elektrisches Heizgerät, Fahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Heizmoduls
DE102016122767A1 (de) * 2016-11-25 2018-05-30 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Fluidheizer
DE102018200433B4 (de) * 2018-01-11 2025-08-14 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
FR3096075B1 (fr) * 2019-05-17 2022-09-02 Faurecia Systemes Dechappement Dispositif de purification des gaz d’échappement d’un véhicule, procédé de fabrication, ligne d’échappement et véhicule correspondants
DE102020112293B4 (de) 2020-05-06 2024-10-24 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Wärmeübertrager für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1603878A (en) * 1977-05-04 1981-12-02 Sentras Ag Device for heating-up fluids
EP0876080A1 (fr) * 1997-05-02 1998-11-04 Réalisations et Diffusion pour l'Industrie (R.D.I) Dispositif de chauffage à éléments résistifs à coefficient de température positif
DE10055454A1 (de) * 2000-11-09 2002-05-23 Fujitsu Siemens Computers Gmbh Kühlkörper
DE10123456A1 (de) * 2001-05-14 2002-11-21 Pore M Gmbh Wärmetauscher
EP1528837A1 (fr) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-04 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Matrice plastique chauffable électriquement
WO2007071335A1 (fr) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-28 Beru Aktiengesellschaft Systeme de chauffage electrique, notamment pour automobiles

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DE19939155A1 (de) 1999-08-20 2001-02-22 Pore M Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Glitternetzstrukturen
DE10102671C2 (de) 2001-01-17 2003-12-24 Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh Elektrische Heizung für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE10207671B4 (de) * 2002-02-22 2004-01-22 M.Pore Gmbh Wärmetauscher
DE10346423B4 (de) * 2003-10-07 2006-07-13 M.Pore Gmbh Modularer Wärmetauscher

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1603878A (en) * 1977-05-04 1981-12-02 Sentras Ag Device for heating-up fluids
EP0876080A1 (fr) * 1997-05-02 1998-11-04 Réalisations et Diffusion pour l'Industrie (R.D.I) Dispositif de chauffage à éléments résistifs à coefficient de température positif
DE10055454A1 (de) * 2000-11-09 2002-05-23 Fujitsu Siemens Computers Gmbh Kühlkörper
DE10123456A1 (de) * 2001-05-14 2002-11-21 Pore M Gmbh Wärmetauscher
EP1528837A1 (fr) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-04 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Matrice plastique chauffable électriquement
WO2007071335A1 (fr) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-28 Beru Aktiengesellschaft Systeme de chauffage electrique, notamment pour automobiles

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BASTAWROS A-F ET AL: "CHARACTERISATION OF OPEN-CELL ALUMINUM ALLOY FOAMS AS HEAT SINKS FOR HIGH POWER ELECTRONIC DEVICES", CAE/CAD AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS.ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, XX, XX, 16 November 1997 (1997-11-16), pages 1 - 06, XP008012562 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113411924A (zh) * 2020-03-17 2021-09-17 赫姆斯多夫埃贝赫卡滕有限两合公司 电加热装置及制造该电加热装置的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112008002833A5 (de) 2010-12-09
DE102007062302A1 (de) 2009-06-25

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