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EP2190256B2 - Caloporteur - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2190256B2
EP2190256B2 EP09175647.8A EP09175647A EP2190256B2 EP 2190256 B2 EP2190256 B2 EP 2190256B2 EP 09175647 A EP09175647 A EP 09175647A EP 2190256 B2 EP2190256 B2 EP 2190256B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical insulating
ptc
conductor
heat
insulating element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09175647.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2190256B1 (fr
EP2190256A1 (fr
Inventor
Thierry Clauss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
Original Assignee
Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS filed Critical Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
Priority to EP09175647.8A priority Critical patent/EP2190256B2/fr
Publication of EP2190256A1 publication Critical patent/EP2190256A1/fr
Publication of EP2190256B1 publication Critical patent/EP2190256B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0452—Frame constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0452—Frame constructions
    • F24H3/0476—Means for putting the electric heaters in the frame under strain, e.g. with springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/08—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes
    • F24H3/081—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H3/082—The tubes being an electrical isolator containing the heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC resistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 and a related motor vehicle air conditioning system.
  • Motor vehicle air conditioning systems are used to heat and/or cool the air supplied to the interior of a motor vehicle.
  • electrical heating devices are used to heat the air supplied to the interior.
  • the electrical heating device comprises a heat exchanger with a PTC element.
  • PTC elements PTC: Positive Temperature Coefficient
  • PTC elements are electrically conductive materials that have an electrical resistance and can conduct electricity better at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. Their electrical resistance therefore increases as the temperature rises.
  • the PTC element is generally made of ceramic and is a thermistor. This means that a very uniform surface temperature is established on the PTC element regardless of the boundary conditions - such as the applied voltage, nominal resistance or air volume on the PTC element. Overheating can be prevented, as could occur with a normal heat-emitting heating wire, for example, since the resistance and thus an essentially identical electrical heating output are always applied regardless of the boundary conditions.
  • a heat exchanger comprises a PTC element, at least two electrical conductors by means of which electrical current is conducted through the PTC element and heat conducting elements, in particular fins, by means of which the surface for heating the air is increased and thus the heat is transferred from the PTC element to the heat conducting element and the air.
  • Motor vehicles are increasingly being manufactured which have an exclusively electric drive or a hybrid drive.
  • Motor vehicle air conditioning systems for these motor vehicles generally no longer have a heat exchanger for heating the air through which coolant flows.
  • the entire heating power of the motor vehicle air conditioning system must therefore be provided by the electric heating device. For this reason, it is necessary to operate the PTC element with high voltage, e.g. in the range of 50 to 50 volts instead of low voltage with 12 volts.
  • high voltage in a motor vehicle air conditioning system represents a safety problem because, for example, if a person touches parts that are under high voltage, the high voltage can cause health damage to people.
  • the US$ 4,327,282 shows a heat exchanger with a PTC heating element. Current is passed through the PTC heating element using contact plates and an insulating layer is arranged on the contact plates. The components are held together using a U-shaped clip.
  • a heat-generating element of a heating device for heating air comprising at least one PTC element and electrical conductor tracks lying on opposite side surfaces of the PTC element, wherein the two electrical conductor tracks are surrounded on the outside by a non-electrically conductive insulating layer.
  • the EP 1 768 457 A1 discloses a heat-generating element of a heating device, wherein the heat-generating element has a PTC element which is arranged between electrical conductor tracks. To protect against electrical arcing and leakage currents, an insulating gap is provided between a positioning frame and the PTC element.
  • the US 6 178 292 B1 discloses a fluid-flowing radiator with an electric radiator arranged thereon.
  • the EP 2 023 056 A1 discloses a connection process for an air heater.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger and a motor vehicle air conditioning system in which a heat exchanger operated with electrical current at high voltage, e.g. more than 50 V, can be operated without endangering the environment, in particular people.
  • the heat exchanger and the motor vehicle air conditioning system should be inexpensive to manufacture and work reliably in operation.
  • this heat exchanger comprises at least one PTC element, at least two conductors, in particular circuit boards, electrically connected to the at least one PTC element in order to conduct electrical current through the at least one PTC element and thereby heat the PTC element, and at least one heat-conducting element for transferring heat from the at least one PTC element to a fluid to be heated, and at least one means for connecting the at least one PTC element, the at least two conductors and the at least one heat-conducting element to one another, wherein at least one heat-conducting element is electrically insulated from at least one conductor by means of at least one first electrical insulating element.
  • the at least one first electrical insulating element is arranged between at least one conductor and at least one heat-conducting element and at least one second electrical insulating element electrically insulates at least one PTC element and at least one conductor, wherein the at least one first electrical insulating element consists of a different material than the at least one second electrical insulating element.
  • the at least one second electrical insulating element in, preferably direct, contact with the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one heat-conducting element, in particular a heat-conducting plate of the heat-conducting element.
  • the at least one second electrical insulating element is a hardenable or hardened fluid or gel, e.g. an adhesive, in particular silicone adhesive, or an insulating gel or fluid.
  • the fluid or gel provides electrical insulation.
  • a material-fit connection has the advantage that no complex holding device, e.g. a clip or a frame, is required as a means of connecting the components of the heat exchanger, i.e. the at least one PTC element, the at least two conductors and the at least one heat-conducting element.
  • the material that creates the material-fit connection therefore serves as the means of connection.
  • the at least one second electrical insulating element insulates the at least one PTC element and the at least one conductor in those areas and covers a surface thereof in which the at least one PTC element or the at least one conductor is not in contact or connected to the at least one PTC element or the at least one conductor or the at least one heat-conducting element or the at least one first electrical insulating element.
  • the at least one second insulating element is at least partially enclosed or covered by a frame profile and/or the first electrical insulating element and/or the heat-conducting plate.
  • the at least one first electrical insulating element comprises ceramic and/or plastic, e.g. polyimide, and/or a mineral, e.g. MICA, and/or the at least one first electrical insulating element is a film, a plate or a coating.
  • the at least one second electrical insulating element is introduced into a cavity by means of injection for insulation and/or the at least one second electrical insulating element is an adhesive, e.g. silicone adhesive, and an excess of adhesive is pressed into the cavity due to a connection of the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one first insulating element and/or the at least one heat conducting element, in particular the heat conducting plate of the heat conducting element, to one another by means of the adhesive.
  • an adhesive e.g. silicone adhesive
  • a motor vehicle air conditioning system comprises at least one heat exchanger described in this application.
  • a method for producing a heat exchanger is designed with the steps: providing at least one PTC element, providing at least two electrical conductors, in particular circuit boards, for conducting electrical current through the at least one PTC element, providing at least one heat conducting element for transferring heat from the at least one PTC element to a fluid to be heated, connecting the at least two conductors to the at least one PTC element, connecting the at least one heat conducting element to at least one conductor and/or at least one PTC element, wherein at least one first electrical insulating element is provided and the at least one first electrical insulating element is connected to at least one conductor and/or at least one heat conducting element in order to electrically isolate at least one heat conducting element from at least one conductor.
  • At least one second electrical insulating element e.g. an adhesive, in particular silicone adhesive, designed in particular as a preferably hardenable and/or hardened fluid or preferably hardenable and/or hardened gel or insulating gel or fluid, is applied to the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one heat conducting element, in particular a heat conducting plate of the heat conducting element, in particular by means of spraying, pumping or pressing, so that preferably the at least one second electrical insulating element at least partially electrically insulates the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one heat conducting element, in particular the heat conducting plate of the heat conducting element, in those areas in which the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one heat-conducting element is not in indirect contact, e.g. by means of an adhesive, or in direct contact with the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and
  • the at least one second electrical insulating element is an adhesive for connecting the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one first insulating element and/or the at least one heat-conducting element, in particular a heat-conducting plate of the heat-conducting element, to one another, and by means of the adhesive, the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one heat-conducting element, in particular a heat-conducting plate of the heat-conducting element, are materially connected to one another.
  • an excess of adhesive is applied to the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one first insulating element and/or the at least one heat conducting element than is required for connection and, during the material connection, i.e.
  • the excess is pressed or pressed onto the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one heat conducting element, so that preferably the at least one second electrical insulating element at least partially electrically insulates the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one heat conducting element, in particular the heat conducting plate of the heat conducting element, in those areas in which the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one heat conducting element is not in indirect, e.g. by means of an adhesive, or in direct contact with the at least one PTC element and/or the at least one conductor and/or the at least one first insulating element and/or the at least one heat conducting element.
  • the at least one first insulating element is connected to the heat exchanger differently than the at least one second insulating element.
  • the at least one first insulating element is introduced into the heat exchanger differently than the at least one second insulating element.
  • the air in the motor vehicle air conditioning system is heated exclusively by means of at least one electrical heating device, in particular a heat exchanger with a PTC element as described in this application.
  • the at least one first and/or the at least one second heat-conducting element has a thermal conductivity of at least 1 W/mK, in particular at least 30 W/mK.
  • the at least one first and/or the at least one second insulating element has an electrical insulation of at least 1 kV/mm, in particular at least 25 kV/mm.
  • the at least one first and/or the at least one second insulating element has a dielectric strength of at least 1 kV in cross section.
  • the at least one first and/or the at least one second insulating element has a thermal conductivity of at least 1 W/mK, in particular at least 25 W/mK.
  • the at least one first and/or the at least one second insulating element can thus, on the one hand, provide good electrical insulation and, on the other hand, can conduct the heat from the PTC element to the heat-conducting element sufficiently well.
  • the at least one first insulating element is at least two-part.
  • the at least one first insulating element can comprise, for example, a film and a plate.
  • the plate has a sufficiently high rigidity and is therefore not easily bendable like the film.
  • Fig.1 shows a motor vehicle air conditioning system 7.
  • a blower 8, a filter 13, a coolant evaporator 14 and an electric heating device 15 are arranged in an air conditioning housing 9 with a bottom wall 10 and an outlet opening 12.
  • the air conditioning housing 9 thus forms a channel 18 for the passage of air.
  • Walls 11 of the air conditioning housing 9 have a surface 19 on the inside, which delimits the channel 18.
  • the air for the interior of a motor vehicle is circulated by means of the blower 8 through the filter 13, the refrigerant evaporator 14 and the electric heating device 15.
  • the motor vehicle air conditioning system 7 is therefore not provided with a heat exchanger through which coolant flows for heating the air conducted through the motor vehicle system 7.
  • the air conducted through the motor vehicle air conditioning system 7 is heated exclusively by means of the electric heating device 15.
  • the motor vehicle air conditioning system 7 is preferably used in a motor vehicle with an exclusively electric drive or with a hybrid drive (not shown). In order to achieve the necessary heating output by means of the electric heating device 15, the electric heating device 15 must be operated with high voltage, e.g. with more than 50 volts.
  • a first embodiment of the electrical heating device 15 of the motor vehicle air conditioning system 7 designed as a heat exchanger 6 is shown.
  • the heat exchanger 6 comprises a plate-shaped PTC element 1 made of ceramic, a first circuit board 3 and a second circuit board 4, each as a conductor 20 in order to be able to conduct electrical current through the PTC element 1.
  • Corrugated fins 21 as heat-conducting elements 2 conduct the heat generated in the PTC element 1 due to the electrical resistance of the PTC element 1 to the air conducted through the motor vehicle air conditioning system 7.
  • the corrugated fins 21 are attached to a heat-conducting plate 16.
  • the corrugated fins 21 increase the surface area available to transfer heat to the air.
  • the two circuit boards 3, 4 are glued to the PTC element 1.
  • the heat-conducting elements 2 and the conductors 20 are made of metal, e.g. aluminum.
  • connection or contact between the corrugated fins 21 or the heat conducting plate 16 as a component of the heat conducting element 2 and the circuit boards 3, 4 is made indirectly with a first insulating element 5a.
  • the first electrical insulating element 5a consists of plastic, e.g. polyimide, ceramic or minerals, e.g. MICA, or another material with sufficiently good thermal conductivity to be able to conduct the heat from the PTC element 1 to the corrugated fins 21 and, on the other hand, has sufficiently good electrical insulation to electrically insulate the corrugated fins 21 from the circuit boards 3, 4 which are under high voltage and thus to be able to prevent a person from receiving an electric shock if the corrugated fins 21 are touched.
  • the first insulating elements 5a completely cover one broad side of the circuit boards 3, 4, so that the circuit boards 3, 4 only have to be additionally insulated in those areas where the circuit boards 3, 4 are not in contact with the first insulating element 5a and the PTC element 1.
  • the circuit boards 3, 4 are integrally connected to the first insulating element 5a by means of adhesive 23. This also applies to the connection between the first insulating element 5a and the heat conducting plate 16 as well as the connection between the PTC element 1 and the first and second circuit boards 3, 4.
  • a second electrical insulating element 5 b is introduced into a cavity 22 which is essentially enclosed by a frame profile 17, the PTC element 1, the two circuit boards 3, 4, the two first insulating elements 5 a and the two heat conducting plates 16.
  • the second electrical insulating element 5 b is a fluid or gel, in particular a hardenable or hardened fluid or gel, e.g. an adhesive 23, or an essentially non-hardenable or hardened insulating fluid or gel 24.
  • the second electrical insulating element 5 b does not normally require a sufficiently high thermal conductivity as with the first insulating element 5 a, because essentially no heat or only a small amount of heat has to be conducted to the heat conducting element 2 through the second electrical insulating element 5 b.
  • the second electrical insulating element 5 b has a sufficiently high electrical insulation.
  • the second insulating element 5 b can be introduced into the cavity 22 in various ways.
  • the insulating gel 24 or an adhesive 23 is injected or pumped into the cavity 22 through openings in the frame profile 17 or openings in the area of the frame profile 17.
  • the insulating gel 24 or the adhesive 23 with the properties of a fluid and a high viscosity adapts essentially completely to the boundary surfaces of the cavity 22, formed essentially by the frame profile 17, the PTC element 1, the two circuit boards 3, 4, the two first insulating elements 5a and the two heat-conducting plates 16, so that the cavity 22 is completely filled with the adhesive 23 or the insulating gel 24.
  • the PTC element 1 and the two circuit boards 3, 4 are therefore completely electrically insulated from the environment because in the other areas the PTC element 1 is connected to the circuit boards 3, 4 and the two circuit boards 3, 4 are indirectly or directly connected to the PTC element 1 and the first electrical insulating element 5a. Due to the complete, cavity-free filling of the cavity 22 with the adhesive 23 or the insulating gel 24, the PTC element and the two circuit boards 3, 4 are enclosed in the heat exchanger 6 in a fluid-tight manner, so that in general no leakage currents occur on the outside of the heat exchanger 6 and touching the heat exchanger 6, even if there is moisture on the surface of the heat exchanger 6, does not pose a danger.
  • the insulating gel 24 is designed in such a way that it cannot leak after being introduced into the cavity 22, either because the insulating gel 24 has a sufficiently high viscosity or because the viscosity increases upon contact with air or because the insulating gel 24 hardens slightly in the area in contact with air.
  • the cavity 22 is connected to the environment only by an opening, e.g. in the frame profile 17.
  • the adhesive 23 or the insulating gel 24 or the insulating fluid 24 is injected through this opening and the opening is then sealed fluid-tight, e.g. by means of a plug.
  • hardening of the adhesive 23 or a sufficiently high viscosity of the insulating fluid 24 is therefore not necessary (not shown).
  • the second insulating element 5 b is a solid like the first insulating element 5a.
  • the second insulating element 5 b has exactly the complementary shape to the cavity 22, so that the second insulating element 5 b only has to be inserted into the cavity 22.
  • the connection between the second insulating element 5 b as a solid and the cavity 22 is material and/or force-fitting and/or form-fitting.
  • a thin layer of adhesive 23 is applied to the second electrical insulating element 5 b and/or the second insulating element 5 b is clamped between the frame profile 17 and the PTC element 1 as well as the two circuit boards 3, 4 (not shown).
  • the first insulating element 5 a is made of plastic and is connected to the first and second circuit boards 3, 4 by overmolding the first and second circuit boards 3, 4.
  • a circuit board 3, 4 is placed in an injection mold and then introduced into the injection mold, preferably thermoplastic.
  • the first insulating element 5 a made of plastic is thus directly connected to the first and second circuit boards 3, 4.
  • adhesives can be applied to the first or second circuit boards 3, 4 before the first or second circuit boards 3, 4 are introduced into the injection mold (not shown).
  • the PTC element 1 is connected to the two circuit boards 3, 4 in the first embodiment according to Fig.2 connected by means of adhesive 23 and the two circuit boards 3, 4 are also connected to the first insulating element 5a by means of adhesive 23.
  • This adhesive 23 for the material-fit connection is not shown in the figures.
  • an excess of adhesive 23 is applied to the PTC element 1 so that when the PTC element 1 is connected to the circuit board 3, 4, the excess which is not required for the material-fit connection is pressed or pushed into the cavity 22 while the PTC element 1 is pressed onto the circuit board 3, 4.
  • the excess of adhesive 23 is dimensioned such that the cavity 22 is completely filled on both narrow sides of the PTC element 1. After bonding, the adhesive 23 hardens in the cavity 22 so that the adhesive 23 can no longer leak out of the cavity 22 and permanent insulation of the parts 1, 3, 4 that are under electrical current is ensured.
  • a second embodiment of the heat exchanger 6 is shown.
  • the heat exchanger 6 is not provided with a frame profile 17, so that the cavity 22 has no limitation on an outside.
  • the adhesive 23 or the insulating fluid 24 can therefore be introduced into the cavity 22 particularly easily from the outside.
  • the adhesive 23 or the insulating fluid 24 must have sufficient hardness or viscosity after being introduced into the cavity 22 so that the cavity 22 is permanently filled with the adhesive 23 or the insulating fluid 24 as a second electrical insulating element 5 b.
  • FIG.4 A third embodiment of the heat exchanger 6 is shown. In the following, only the differences to the first embodiment according to Fig.2 described. Instead of the frame profile 17, the cavity 22 is covered by the heat conducting plate 16 of the heat conducting element 2.
  • the heat conducting plate 16, on which the corrugated fins 21 are attached, is curved or L-shaped in cross section in the end area.
  • the heat conducting plates 16 are electrically insulated from the two circuit boards 3, 4 by means of the first electrical insulating element 5a, so that the two heat conducting plates 16 cannot pose any danger to the environment.
  • Fig.5 an example of the heat exchanger 6 not according to the invention is shown. In the following, only the differences to the first embodiment according to Fig.2 described.
  • a first insulating element 5a with a T-shaped cross section in the end region partially covers the cavity 22.
  • the corrugated fins 21 are attached directly to the first insulating element 5a without a heat conducting plate 16.
  • Fig.6 is an exploded view of the heat exchanger 6 without the second electrical insulating element 5 b.
  • PTC elements 1 are fastened or fixed in recesses of a fixing plate 25.
  • the first insulating elements 5 a, circuit boards 3, 4 and corrugated fins 21 with heat conducting plates 16 are arranged in layers one above the other.
  • the two circuit boards 3, 4 are only connected to the surroundings of the heat exchanger 6 by means of electrical contacts 26 or electrical lines in order to be able to conduct electrical current through the two circuit boards 3, 4 and thus the PTC element 1.
  • Several of the elements shown in Fig.6 illustrated heat exchangers 6 are arranged one above the other in layers (not shown).
  • Fig.7 1 shows a further embodiment of a heat exchanger 6 according to the invention.
  • the first insulating element 5a has a projection relative to the heat conducting plates 16.
  • the space formed by the projection is completely filled with adhesive 23.
  • Such an embodiment can in particular prevent a short circuit between the two heat conducting plates 16, which may be at different electrical potentials, should be avoided.
  • FIG. 8a and 8b Two further embodiments of a heat exchanger 6 according to the invention are shown.
  • the circuit boards 3, 4 are completely coated with an adhesive.
  • the PTC elements 1 can either be held in a frame 17 (see Fig. 8b ), or the frame can be omitted (see Fig. 8a ).
  • Fig.9 another embodiment of a heat exchanger 6 according to the invention is shown.
  • both the PTC elements 1 and the two circuit boards 3, 4 and the heat conducting elements 2 are surrounded by insulation.
  • the insulation can be provided, for example, by a surface treatment in an insulating bath.
  • the material connection between the PTC elements and the two circuit boards 3 and 4 or between the heat conducting elements 2 and the two circuit boards 3 and 4 is provided by an adhesive.
  • the heat exchanger 6 according to the invention and the motor vehicle air conditioning system 7 according to the invention have significant advantages.
  • the PTC element 1 and the two circuit boards 3, 4 are essentially completely electrically insulated from the environment, so that the high voltage cannot pose any danger to the environment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Echangeur de chaleur (6) pour un système de climatisation d'un véhicule automobile conçu pour fonctionner à haute tension, ledit échangeur de chaleur comprenant :
    - au moins un élément (1) - CTP - à coefficient de température positif,
    - au moins deux conducteurs (20) reliés de façon électroconductrice à l'au moins un élément CTP (1), pour fournir du courant électrique à travers l'au moins un élément CTP (1) et, ainsi, permettre de chauffer l'élément CTP (1), et
    - au moins un élément conducteur de la chaleur (2) servant à la transmission de la chaleur provenant de l'au moins un élément CTP (1), à un fluide à chauffer, et
    - au moins un moyen servant à assembler les uns aux autres l'au moins un élément CTP (1), les au moins deux conducteurs (20) et l'au moins un élément conducteur de la chaleur (2),
    où au moins un élément conducteur de la chaleur (2) est isolé électriquement au moins d'un conducteur (20), au moyen au moins d'un premier élément isolant électrique (5a),
    où l'au moins un premier élément isolant électrique (5a) est disposé entre au moins un conducteur (20) et au moins un élément conducteur de la chaleur (2), et comprend une plaque ou un revêtement en céramique, ou bien une feuille ou un revêtement en matière plastique, ou bien une plaque ou un revêtement se composant d'un minéral, et où :
    il est prévu au moins un deuxième élément isolant électrique (5b) qui isole électriquement l'au moins un élément CTP (1) et l'au moins un conducteur (20), et
    l'au moins un premier élément isolant électrique (5a) se compose d'un matériau autre que celui de l'au moins un deuxième élément isolant électrique (5b), et où :
    l'au moins un deuxième élément isolant électrique (5b) est un fluide ou un gel durcissable ou durci, et
    l'au moins un deuxième élément isolant électrique (5b) isole électriquement l'au moins un élément CTP (1) et l'au moins un conducteur (20) et recouvre une surface de ces éléments, dans les zones dans lesquelles l'au moins un élément CTP (1) ou l'au moins un conducteur (20) n'est pas en contact ou en liaison avec l'au moins un élément CTP (1) ou avec l'au moins un conducteur (20) ou avec l'au moins un élément conducteur de la chaleur (2) ou avec l'au moins un premier élément isolant électrique (5a),
    et où l'élément conducteur de la chaleur (2) est configuré comme une ailette ondulée (21), où l'ailette ondulée (21) est fixée sur une plaque conductrice de la chaleur (16), plaque qui fait partie également de l'élément conducteur de la chaleur (2),
    où l'au moins un élément CTP (1) et l'au moins un conducteur (20) sont assemblés l'un à l'autre par complémentarité de matière, et
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'au moins un élément conducteur de la chaleur (2) et l'au moins un premier élément isolant électrique (5a) sont assemblés l'un à l'autre par complémentarité de matière, et l'au moins un conducteur (20) et l'au moins un premier élément isolant électrique (5a) sont assemblés l'un à l'autre par complémentarité de matière.
  2. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un deuxième élément isolant électrique (5b) est en contact avec l'au moins un élément CTP (1) ou avec l'au moins un conducteur (20) ou avec l'au moins un élément conducteur de la chaleur (2).
  3. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un deuxième élément isolant (5b) est entouré ou recouvert au moins partiellement par un profilé de cadre (17) ou par le premier élément isolant électrique (5a) ou par la plaque conductrice de la chaleur (16).
  4. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un deuxième élément isolant électrique (5b) servant à l'isolation est introduit dans un espace creux (22), par injection.
  5. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un deuxième élément isolant électrique (5b) est une colle (23), et un excédent de colle (23) est comprimé dans l'espace creux (22), en raison d'un assemblage de l'au moins un élément CTP (1) ou de l'au moins un conducteur (20) ou de l'au moins un premier élément isolant électrique (5a) ou de l'au moins un élément conducteur de la chaleur (2), lesdits éléments étant assemblés les uns aux autres au moyen de la colle (23).
  6. Système de climatisation d'un véhicule automobile, caractérisé en ce que le système de climatisation d'un véhicule automobile comprend au moins un échangeur de chaleur (6) selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes.
EP09175647.8A 2008-11-20 2009-11-11 Caloporteur Active EP2190256B2 (fr)

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EP08291088A EP2190258A1 (fr) 2008-11-20 2008-11-20 Caloporteur
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EP2397788A1 (fr) * 2010-06-17 2011-12-21 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Caloporteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel caloporteur
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EP2428746B8 (fr) 2010-09-13 2021-12-29 MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG Echangeur de chaleur
EP2428747B2 (fr) 2010-09-13 2024-10-30 MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG Echangeu de chaleur
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DE102011003296A1 (de) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmeübertrager
DE102011077922B4 (de) † 2011-06-21 2024-10-10 Mahle International Gmbh Wärmeübertrager
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EP2190256A1 (fr) 2010-05-26

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