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WO2008113281A1 - Method and apparatus for realizing space division multiplexing - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for realizing space division multiplexing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008113281A1
WO2008113281A1 PCT/CN2008/070442 CN2008070442W WO2008113281A1 WO 2008113281 A1 WO2008113281 A1 WO 2008113281A1 CN 2008070442 W CN2008070442 W CN 2008070442W WO 2008113281 A1 WO2008113281 A1 WO 2008113281A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
isolation
space
users
space division
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PCT/CN2008/070442
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Changguo Sun
Yingmin Wang
Shiqiang Suo
Shaohui Sun
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Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co Ltd
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Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co Ltd filed Critical Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co Ltd
Priority to EP08715178.3A priority Critical patent/EP2129004B1/en
Priority to JP2009552994A priority patent/JP5269815B2/ja
Priority to US12/531,589 priority patent/US8259642B2/en
Priority to KR1020097021531A priority patent/KR101233298B1/ko
Publication of WO2008113281A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008113281A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452Multi-user MIMO systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0697Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023Time-frequency-space
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0037Inter-user or inter-terminal allocation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0062Avoidance of ingress interference, e.g. ham radio channels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multiplexing technique in a mobile communication system, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for implementing space division multiplexing. Background technique
  • basic radio spectrum resources generally include frequency resources, time resources, and code resources. Based on these basic spectrum resources, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM) can be performed accordingly. , code division multiplexing (CDM), or a combination of several multiplexing methods.
  • FDM frequency division multiplexing
  • TDM time division multiplexing
  • CDM code division multiplexing
  • Beamforming technology has been widely used in mobile communication systems. Beamforming technology has two important applications: one is to improve the signal-to-interference ratio of the desired user directly by beamforming, thereby improving the performance of the system or Spectrum utilization; The other is the multiplexing of limited spectrum resources by beamforming.
  • Array antennas using beamforming technology are generally referred to as smart antennas.
  • the smart antennas are beamformed, and the main beam is aligned with the desired user for transmission and reception, thereby improving the power of the receiving end.
  • the smart antenna can also align the null of the array antenna pattern with the interference user according to the spatial characteristics of the interference signal by adjusting the weighting coefficients of the antenna elements, so that the signal power from the (shooting) interference user can be reduced.
  • space division multiplexing refers to the use of smart antennas based on frequency division, time division and code division multiplexing.
  • the beamforming technique is a form of multiplexing basic radio spectrum resource units, for example: different beams are multiplexed at different spatial levels.
  • the basic idea of space division multiplexing is: by orthogonalizing the channels of two users multiplexing the same radio resource, so that the base station receives two when receiving The interference between the user signals is minimal, or the other user signal contained in the signal received by any one of the two users is minimized when the base station transmits.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for implementing space division multiplexing, which can implement space division multiplexing between users reasonably and accurately.
  • a method for implementing space division multiplexing comprising:
  • A. Obtain spatial information of the user, and calculate the space separation isolation between the users according to the obtained spatial information
  • step B Generate a space division multiplexing user group according to the space separation isolation between the users calculated in step A;
  • the user group is selected from the set of space division multiplexed user groups generated in step B, and the same physical resource is allocated to two users in the selected user group.
  • the user is two users; the spatial information is a spatial covariance matrix; and the space separation isolation includes uplink space separation isolation and downlink air separation isolation;
  • the air separation isolation between the users is calculated according to the interference suppression capability, and the air separation isolation between the users is calculated according to the interference suppression capability, which specifically includes:
  • the generating the space division multiplexing user group set in step B is: Calculated, where V indicates that all meets
  • T ⁇ , ⁇ « respectively represent the user's “space separation isolation for the user", the user's “space separation isolation for the user, the user's “downstream separation for the user”, the user's “to the user” Downward air separation isolation.
  • E (1) is the uplink air separation isolation threshold and the downlink air separation isolation threshold.
  • the user is two users; the space separation isolation between users is calculated in step A to calculate the space separation isolation between users according to the user space power spectrum, which specifically includes:
  • Step ⁇ generating the space division multiplexing user group collection hate
  • ⁇ ⁇ , i respectively represent the uplink air separation isolation of the user m to the user “or user” to the user ⁇ , the user to the user "or user w to the user's downlink air separation isolation.
  • the user is two users; the space separation isolation between the users is calculated in the step A to calculate the space separation isolation between the users according to the direction of the user's incoming wave, which specifically includes:
  • A32. Determine a direction in which the maximum power spectrum is located in a direction of the user's incoming wave
  • Step B Generate a space division multiplexing user group set as follows: According to statistics The user is a plurality of users; and the space separation isolation between the users is calculated according to the interference suppression capability, and the space separation isolation between the users is calculated according to the interference suppression capability, which specifically includes:
  • A41 Calculate, respectively, a beamforming weight coefficient that each user suppresses other users
  • the spatial information in step A is a spatial covariance matrix;
  • the spatial information in step A is a spatial covariance matrix
  • the variance matrix includes an uplink spatial covariance matrix ⁇ and a downlink spatial covariance matrix ⁇ ;
  • the user's downlink transmit power For the user's uplink transmit power, the user's downlink transmit power.
  • the generating the space division multiplexing user group set in step B is: traversing all users in the coverage of the current base station, calculating the space separation isolation between the two users, according to the calculated space separation isolation and pre- Set the comparison of the space division isolation thresholds to determine all the user groups that can perform space division multiplexing to form a set of space division multiplexing user groups; or: Through event triggering, traverse the coverage of the current base station from any user. Some users calculate the space separation isolation between users, and determine the user groups that can perform space division multiplexing according to the calculated comparison between the space separation isolation and the preset space separation isolation threshold to form a space division multiplexing user. Group set
  • the method further includes: updating the set of spatial division multiplexed user groups in real time or periodically.
  • the space separation isolation threshold is a power ratio, or an absolute power value, or a wave angle.
  • the generating the space division multiplexing user group set in step B is: according to ⁇
  • An apparatus for implementing space division multiplexing comprising: an antenna unit, a channel estimation unit, a spatial information acquisition unit, a space division isolation calculation unit, a space division multiplexing user group generation unit, and a resource allocation unit, where
  • An antenna unit configured to receive a wireless signal; a channel estimating unit, configured to calculate, according to the received signal, an uplink or downlink channel impulse response of the corresponding user, and send the calculation result to the spatial information acquiring unit; the spatial information acquiring unit, according to the received channel
  • the impulse response calculates a spatial covariance matrix of the user uplink or downlink;
  • the space division isolation calculation unit calculates the space division isolation between users according to the obtained spatial covariance matrix;
  • the space division multiplexing user group generation unit is isolated according to the space division The space division isolation between users calculated by the degree calculation unit and the preset space division isolation threshold value, determining a user group capable of space division multiplexing, constructing a space division multiplexing user group set; and a resource allocation unit for A user group is selected from the space division multiplexing user group generating unit, and the selected user is allocated a shared wireless resource.
  • the space division isolation calculation unit further includes a beamforming coefficient calculation unit, an uplink space division isolation calculation unit, and a downlink space division isolation calculation unit; wherein the beamforming coefficient calculation unit is configured to calculate one The user suppresses the beam shaping weight coefficient of the other user, and sends the calculated beam shaping weight coefficient to the uplink space division isolation degree calculation unit and the downlink space division isolation degree calculation unit; the uplink space division isolation degree calculation unit, according to The obtained beamforming weight coefficient and channel impulse response calculate the uplink spatial separation isolation between users; the downlink spatial separation isolation calculation unit calculates the downlink air separation between users according to the obtained beamforming weight coefficient and channel impulse response Isolation.
  • the space division isolation calculation unit further includes a power spectrum estimation unit, a power spectrum difference calculation unit, and a space division isolation calculation module; wherein, the power spectrum estimation unit is configured to complete power spectrum estimation; and the power spectrum difference calculation unit, Calculating a power spectrum difference between two users according to the estimated power spectrum of each user; a space division isolation calculation module calculates a space separation isolation between the two users according to the calculated power spectrum difference.
  • the space division isolation calculation unit further includes a power spectrum estimation unit and a wave party a determining unit, a wave angle difference calculating unit, wherein the power spectrum estimating unit is configured to perform power spectrum estimation; and the incoming wave direction determining unit determines, according to the power spectrum estimation result, a direction in which the power spectrum maximum value is located as a corresponding user's incoming wave Direction; the incoming wave angle difference calculation unit is used to calculate the difference of the incoming wave angles of the two users, and the calculation result is used as the space separation isolation of the two users.
  • the antenna unit is an antenna of a base station or a receiving unit of the mobile terminal.
  • the spatial information obtaining unit further includes an uplink spatial covariance matrix calculation unit and a downlink spatial covariance matrix calculation unit, which are respectively used to calculate uplink and downlink spatial covariance matrices.
  • the space division multiplexing user group generating unit further includes a space division isolation degree comparing unit and a space division multiplexing user group storage unit; wherein the space division isolation degree comparing unit is configured to receive the space division isolation degree
  • the calculation unit calculates the space separation isolation between users, and simultaneously receives or reads the space division isolation threshold, compares two values, and sends the user group greater than or equal to the threshold to the space division multiplexing user group storage unit.
  • the space division multiplexing user group storage unit is configured to save all user groups that have been compared with the space division isolation threshold value to form a space division multiplexing user group set.
  • the apparatus also includes a space division multiplex user group update unit for updating the space division multiplexed user group set in real time or periodically as needed.
  • the method and device for implementing space division multiplexing constructs a set of space division multiplexing user groups by calculating spatial separation isolation of two or more users, and constructs from the space division multiplexing
  • the appropriate user groups are selected in the set, and the shared wireless resources are allocated to the selected users. In this way, reasonable and accurate space division multiplexing between users can be realized.
  • the invention can be implemented in a plurality of different manners when calculating the space separation isolation between users. Specifically, three methods for spatial division multiplexing pre-grouping based on channel estimation are provided, and the scope of application is wider, and the calculation method is wider. More flexible and comprehensive. Among them, the scheme of calculating the spatial separation isolation according to the interference suppression capability gives a calculation method of the spatial separation isolation in the case of arbitrary beamforming, even if the interference suppression beamforming is not performed, the space division multiplexing is still performed. It is possible. This method is directly combined with the beamforming algorithm to characterize the interference that can be achieved by receive/transmit beamforming. Suppression provides the most direct reference for space division multiplexing.
  • the present invention also considers different calculation methods of different factors and different conditions, for example: for a power control system and a system without power control, for two users and multiple users, respectively A clear and specific calculation method is given to make the implementation of space division multiplexing more complete, more accurate and more reasonable.
  • the method can traverse all users and calculate the space division isolation degree between all users to obtain a complete space division multiplexing user group list; Some users need to be selected, the space separation isolation between the selected users is calculated, and the incomplete space division multiplexing user group list is obtained, which is more convenient and flexible.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an implementation flow of a space division multiplexing method according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a space division multiplexing device of the present invention. detailed description
  • the core idea of the present invention is: to estimate the interference suppression capability for all users within the coverage of a certain base station, and select two or more users to share the same basic wireless resource according to the estimation result.
  • the space division multiplexing user group is constructed by calculating the space separation isolation of two or more users, and is constructed from the space division multiplexing. Select the appropriate user group in the collection to allocate the shared wireless resources to the selected users.
  • the basic radio resource includes a frequency point, a time slot, a code channel, and the like.
  • the method for implementing space division multiplexing according to the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1, and includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 Obtain the spatial information of the user.
  • the most basic feature quantity of the spatial information is a spatial covariance matrix of the user. Therefore, obtaining the spatial information of the user is calculating the spatial covariance matrix of the user.
  • the uplink and downlink spatial covariance matrices are considered to be the same, ie, ⁇ .
  • the channel impulse response of the user can be directly estimated by the user signal received by the base station;
  • the uplink can be directly obtained by multi-antenna channel estimation on the base station side, and the downlink can be obtained through feedback of the user terminal.
  • the user's multi-antenna channel impulse response, or some transformation of the uplink channel estimation result is approximated, and how to obtain or calculate the specific technology is not described here.
  • Step 102 Calculate the space separation isolation between users according to the obtained spatial covariance matrix.
  • the space separation isolation refers to the degree of resolution of two users in space, and the specific definition and implementation manner thereof may be different depending on the system implementation.
  • the definition and calculation of the space division isolation can be performed according to the interference suppression capability, and the definition and calculation of the space separation isolation can be performed according to the user space power spectrum, and the definition of the space separation isolation can also be performed according to the direction of the user's incoming wave. Calculation and so on.
  • the definition and calculation method will be different depending on the application environment. For example: In a system without power control and in a power control system, the calculation method of air separation isolation is different. How to define and calculate the empty separation in different systems The degree of separation will also be described in detail below.
  • Step 103 Generate a space division multiplexing user group set according to the calculated space division isolation between users.
  • the space separation isolation between the users calculated in step 102 is compared with the preset air separation isolation threshold. If the air separation isolation threshold is greater than or equal to the air separation isolation threshold, the two users may If the same physical resource is shared, then the two users form a space division multiplexing user group; otherwise, the same physical resource cannot be shared.
  • the air separation isolation threshold includes an uplink spatial separation threshold and a downlink spatial isolation threshold. Then, if two users can reuse uplink physical resources or downlink physical resources, they need to separately and uplink. The air separation isolation threshold and the downlink air separation isolation threshold are compared, and which physical resource can be reused according to which condition is met.
  • the two users form an uplink space division multiplexing user group;
  • the downlink isolation between the two users is greater than or equal to the downlink air separation isolation threshold I ⁇
  • the two users can share the same downlink physical resource, that is, downlink space division multiplexing
  • the two users form a downlink space division multiplexing user group.
  • the physical meaning and setting of the threshold are different.
  • the corresponding thresholds should be determined through analysis, simulation, experience or actual test. How to generate a space division multiplexing user group when using different space separation isolation calculation methods, the following will be combined with the different calculation methods of space separation isolation. Detailed description.
  • the space separation isolation is calculated for all users in the current coverage of the base station A, and then all the calculated space separation isolations are compared with the space separation isolation threshold to determine that all can be performed.
  • all the space division multiplexed user groups constitute a space division multiplexed user group set, and the set may be an uplink space division multiplexed user group set or a downlink space division multiplexed user group set.
  • the set can be expressed in the form of a list.
  • Table 1 and Table 2 are the list of space-division multiplexed user groups when there are N user groups in the eligible condition, where each user group in Table 1 considers two users to perform air separation. Multiplexing, each user group in Table 2 considers multiple users for space division multiplexing.
  • the real-time update can be calculated in real time, or the periodic update can be selected according to the stability of the user space characteristics, such as updating the list every frame or a certain time interval.
  • Step 104 When performing space division multiplexing, select a user group from the space division multiplexing user group set generated in step 103 to perform space division multiplexing, that is, assign the same to the two users in the selected user group. Physical resources.
  • the beamforming coefficients of the space division multiplexing are compared with the beam assignments for calculating the space division isolation degree.
  • the shape factor is the same.
  • the user group can be selected in a variety of ways, such as: arbitrarily selected; or preferentially select a user group with large air separation isolation.
  • the user needs to be stored in the space division multiplex user group list at the same time.
  • the air separation isolation of the group; or the preference for the reuse of a certain condition is relatively good.
  • steps 101 ⁇ 104 space division multiplexing between users can be realized.
  • the steps 102 and 103 are implemented in a plurality of different implementation manners, and the configuration of the hollow separation user group in step 103 is closely related to the calculation of the hollow separation isolation in step 102. Therefore, the different calculation methods of the space division isolation and the method of constructing the space division multiplexing user group in different calculation modes are described in detail below, and each calculation mode is taken as a specific embodiment.
  • the processing of steps 101 and 104 in the method of the present invention is the same for each of the various embodiments described below, and thus the description will not be repeated.
  • Embodiment 1 is the same for each of the various embodiments described below, and thus the description will not be repeated.
  • the definition and calculation of the space separation isolation are performed according to the interference suppression capability; the user only considers two users; the current mobile communication system does not include power control; and the set space separation isolation threshold is the power ratio.
  • the air separation isolation between the two is calculated.
  • the spatial separation isolation of the two users refers to an effect of suppressing an interference signal of another user for a certain user in the case of a certain beamforming algorithm.
  • the user-to-user spatial separation isolation refers to the power ratio of the received user's signal to the interfering user's signal in the case of a certain shaping algorithm;
  • the user's space separation isolation for the user Defined as the desired signal in the received signal of the user (the signal sent by the base station to the user) and the user The power ratio of the «interference signal (the signal sent by the base station to the user).
  • the symbol indicates the signal power of the user received when the base station is shaped to receive the signal of the user m, and m represents the signal power of the user ⁇ itself received by the base station, wherein the upper horizontal line indicates that the user terminal transmits the base station to receive;
  • the signal power of the base station is sent to the user by the signal received by the terminal held by the user, and the signal power of the terminal received by the terminal held by the user is indicated, wherein the lower horizontal line indicates that the base station transmits the user terminal to receive.
  • the user's uplink segregation isolation for the user can be expressed as:
  • the user's downlink air separation isolation for the user is:
  • the base station can accurately estimate the uplink and downlink multi-antenna channels of the user, indicating:
  • the meaning of the expression (1) is that the w that takes the maximum value of the expression in the parentheses is the solution of the shaping method, where R is the space covariance matrix of the user "calculated in step 101, respectively.
  • the expression (1) is a generalized eigenvalue problem, which is solved as the eigenvector corresponding to the largest generalized eigenvalue of the matrix group (R, R ⁇ ), which is also well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the expression (1) is common to the uplink and downlink, and the meaning of the downlink is to enable the base station to send Among the signals transmitted to the user, the power of the signal received by the user himself and the power of the signal received by the user is the largest.
  • the uplink air separation isolation can be estimated as:
  • the downlink air separation isolation is:
  • the beamforming weight coefficient used for the calculation of the space division isolation can be calculated by any method.
  • the calculation of the isolation degree does not limit the method, for example: shaping based on the direction of arrival (DOA) and power based Beamforming of the largest criterion, etc.
  • DOA direction of arrival
  • the beamforming coefficients for different users are different, so the calculation of the spatial separation is calculated in pairs. Therefore, for a beamforming method that considers only the user and does not consider suppression for other users, the shaping coefficient is only related to the channel information of the user itself and is independent of the interfering user, and the number can be expressed as:
  • the uplink air separation isolation is:
  • the downlink air separation isolation is:
  • the space separation isolation calculated by interference suppression is the power ratio, which can be converted into a dB value.
  • the corresponding space division multiplexing user group set is counted to 1, by using formula (2).
  • V is the element that satisfies the condition, T, ⁇ , ⁇ «, respectively, indicating the user's “space separation isolation” for the user, the user's “space separation isolation for the user, and the user's “downstream separation” for the user. Degree, user “downstream isolation of the user.
  • E (1) is the uplink air separation isolation threshold and the downlink air separation isolation threshold.
  • the definition and calculation of the space separation isolation are performed according to the user space power spectrum; the user only considers two users; the current mobile communication system does not include power control; the set air separation isolation threshold is absolute power value.
  • the Bartlett normalized power spectrum is estimated as:
  • the interval that the user may distribute may be included, for example, the omni-directional base station may be 0 to 360 degrees, and the sector base station may be in the range of 120 degrees.
  • the space division isolation can be defined according to the similarity of the spatial power spectra of the two users. Here is an example. Since the calculation of the downlink air separation isolation is completely similar to the calculation of the uplink air separation isolation, only the calculation of the above space separation isolation is performed here. First calculate the power spectrum difference between two users:
  • the spatial separation of two users can be defined as:
  • the definition of the downlink power spectrum difference and space division isolation is completely similar to the uplink.
  • the spatial separation of two users can be defined by the user's spatial spectrum estimation.
  • the significance of the isolation is the approximate degree of the power spectrum of the two user spaces. The larger the value, the more inconsistent the spatial spectrum of the two users.
  • the corresponding space division multiplexing user group set is obtained by using formula (4):
  • the definition and calculation of the spatial separation isolation are performed according to the direction of the user's incoming wave; the user only considers two users; the current mobile communication system does not include power control; the set space separation isolation threshold is Wave angle.
  • the user space incoming wave angle is obtained from the estimation of the user's spatial power spectrum, and the second embodiment
  • the user's spatial spectrum estimation method is described in many cases and an example of Bartlett spectrum estimation is given.
  • the user space incoming wave direction can be defined as the direction in which the maximum value of the user space power spectrum is located:
  • ⁇ ⁇ argmax ( ⁇ m ( ⁇ ))
  • the meaning of the above formula is: It is the largest ⁇ This is the user's incoming wave direction.
  • the user air separation isolation defined according to the user's incoming wave direction may be the difference of the incoming wave angles of the two users:
  • the physical meaning of user space separation isolation defined by the user's wave angle is: The difference between the spatial distribution of two users, the unit is the unit degree/radian of the angle. The larger the value, the greater the isolation of the two users in the space. .
  • the corresponding space division multiplexing user group set is obtained by using formula (5):
  • V represents all the elements that satisfy the condition, ⁇ , 3) argue respectively indicate the user's user-to-user or user “upstream space separation isolation for the user, user-to-user” or user “downstream isolation for the user.
  • the space separation between the user and the user is relative, that is, the user's “space separation isolation” is consistent with the user's "space separation isolation for the user.
  • f( 3) E (3) is the uplink air separation isolation threshold and the downlink air separation isolation threshold.
  • the definition and calculation of the space separation isolation are performed according to the interference suppression capability; the user considers multiple users; the current mobile communication system does not include power control; and the set space separation isolation threshold is the power ratio.
  • the measurement of the spatial separation is not limited to the beamforming method, and the beamforming coefficient between any three users is used.
  • w (w) + '(') ww M) means that the user receives the suppression user "and user /, w M" and can be obtained in the same way, and respectively represents the user "receive suppression user and user /, to user / receive Suppress users and users, and the downlink can also be calculated in the same way.
  • the uplink air separation isolation can be calculated as:
  • the shaping coefficient is only related to the channel information of the user itself and is independent of the interfering user, and can be calculated by the formula (6):
  • the uplink/downlink spatial isolation of one user for another user can still be calculated by the formula for calculating the air separation isolation in the first embodiment, and the same can be obtained for ⁇ , ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, ⁇ . ⁇ and downlink air separation isolation. It can be calculated in the same way.
  • the multi-user space division multiplexing user group set is obtained by the formula (7):
  • the definition and calculation of the space separation isolation are performed according to the user space power spectrum; the user considers multiple users; the current mobile communication system does not include power control; and the set air separation isolation threshold is an absolute power value. .
  • the estimation of the user space power spectrum is the same as the air separation isolation calculation method between the two users. Only when calculating the multi-user space division multiplexing user group, it is necessary to count the air separation isolation between the three users: ⁇
  • the downlink can be obtained by a similar method. 1.
  • Embodiment 6 :
  • the definition and calculation of the space separation isolation are performed according to the direction of the user's incoming wave; the user considers multiple users; the current mobile communication system does not include power control; and the set space separation isolation threshold is the incoming wave. angle.
  • the user space incoming wave direction estimation is the same as the spatial separation isolation calculation method between the two users. Just when calculating the multi-user space division multiplexing user group, it is necessary to count the air separation isolation between the three users: Example 7:
  • the definition and calculation of the space separation isolation are performed according to the interference suppression capability; the user only considers two users; the current mobile communication system is a system with power control; the set space separation isolation threshold is power ratio.
  • the so-called power control includes an initialized power configuration for different terminals.
  • the method for calculating the spatial separation isolation of the uplink reception can still use the method described in the first embodiment.
  • the terminal automatic gain control coefficient needs to be removed.
  • the automatic gain control coefficient of the user is G k
  • the user space covariance matrix of the feedback is:
  • the spatial covariance matrix estimated by the uplink direction of the base station is substituted for the downlink spatial covariance matrix.
  • the first embodiment The mid-downlink air separation isolation calculation method needs to influence the uplink transmit power and consider the influence of downlink transmit power. Assuming that the uplink transmit power of the user is the downlink transmit power, and these values are obtained by the base station, the user space covariance matrix is:
  • the definition and calculation of the space division isolation degree are performed according to the user space power spectrum; the user only considers two users; the current mobile communication system is a system with power control; the set space separation isolation threshold is Absolute power value.
  • the so-called power control includes an initial power configuration for different terminals.
  • this embodiment proposes to consider the influence of uplink and downlink transmit power of different users in establishing a spatial division multiplexing user group.
  • the calculation method of the uplink and downlink air separation isolation is the same as that of the second embodiment.
  • the statistics of the space division multiplexing user group are as follows:
  • the definition and calculation of the space separation isolation are performed according to the direction of the user's incoming wave;
  • the user only considers two users;
  • the current mobile communication system is a system with power control;
  • the set air separation isolation threshold is the incoming wave angle.
  • the so-called power control here includes an initial power configuration for different terminals.
  • this embodiment proposes to consider the influence of the uplink and downlink transmit power of different users in establishing the spatial division multiplexing user group.
  • the calculation method of the uplink and downlink air separation isolation is the same as that of the third embodiment.
  • the statistics of the space division multiplexing user group are as follows:
  • the space division multiplexing algorithm can be applied only when the power difference between the two users is less than a certain value, otherwise the mutual interference is considered to exceed the allowable value, and the space division multiplexing cannot be performed. .
  • a complete set of space division multiplexed user groups is established.
  • the so-called complete space division multiplexed user group set is obtained after the set traverses all possible cases. That is to say, traverse all the users in the coverage of the current base station, calculate the space separation isolation between the two users, and determine that all can be performed according to the comparison between the calculated space separation isolation and the preset space separation isolation threshold.
  • the space division multiplexed user group constitutes a set of space division multiplexed user groups.
  • a complete set of spatially separated multiplexed user groups can be updated in real time or periodically, but the composition of a complete set of spatially multiplexed user groups requires a large amount of computation.
  • the present invention can also establish a set of incomplete spatial division multiplexing user groups.
  • the so-called incomplete space division multiplexing user group set refers to the space division multiplexing that can be obtained without traversing all users.
  • User group collection Here, the collections may all be represented in a list form.
  • the establishment of the incomplete space division multiplexing user group list may be performed in the form of event triggering, and the event may be new user access, handover user, service update, etc., including various types of users. Event with increased resources.
  • the establishment of a list of incomplete spatial division multiplexing user groups can be achieved by the following steps:
  • step 102 Starting from any user, calculating the space separation degree of any other user from the user according to the method of step 102, and determining whether the space division multiplexing user group can be formed according to the method of step 103, if it can be configured, Divide the user group list; otherwise, directly execute step b;
  • the list For the update of the list, it can be updated in real time or periodically.
  • updating the list periodically first check whether the existing user groups in the list still meet the conditions of step 103, and then randomly select one user from the users in the list to search, and update the space division multiplexing users according to the calculation and comparison results. Group list.
  • different terminals may have different capabilities and requirements, such as: whether the terminal uses multiple antennas, how the terminal's equalization algorithm, the terminal's service status, etc. may cause Different terminals have different demodulation capabilities and performance requirements at the time. For this state, different air separation isolation thresholds can be set for different terminals.
  • This threshold indicates that the space separation between different users can only be spatially multiplexed when the threshold is reached.
  • Step 103 The statistical method of the hollow sub-multiplexing user group is as shown in formula (8), and the calculation method for different spatial separation isolation is the same.
  • the present invention also provides an apparatus for implementing space division multiplexing.
  • the apparatus includes: an antenna unit 20, a channel estimation unit 21, and spatial information.
  • the antenna unit 20 is an antenna of the base station, and is configured to receive a wireless signal.
  • Each channel estimation unit 21 is configured to calculate an uplink or downlink channel impulse response of the corresponding user according to the received signal, and send the calculation result to the spatial information.
  • the unit 22 is acquired.
  • the spatial information acquiring unit 22 calculates a spatial covariance matrix of the user uplink or downlink according to the received channel impulse response;
  • the spatial separation isolation calculating unit 23 calculates the spatial separation isolation between the users according to the obtained spatial covariance matrix;
  • the multiplexed user group generating unit 24 determines the user group that can perform space division multiplexing according to the space separation isolation between the users calculated by the space division isolation calculation unit 23 and the preset space division isolation threshold value, and constructs an air separation.
  • the user group is multiplexed;
  • the resource allocating unit 25 selects a user group from the space division multiplexing user group generating unit 24 according to the demand of the space division multiplexing, and allocates the shared wireless resource to the
  • the spatial information obtaining unit 22 further includes an uplink spatial covariance matrix calculation unit and a downlink spatial covariance matrix calculation unit, and calculates uplink and downlink spatial covariance matrices, respectively.
  • the unit calculates the space covariance matrix in different ways in the system without power control and the system with power control, and the specific calculation is performed according to the formulas given in step 101 and the seventh embodiment, respectively.
  • the space division isolation calculation unit 23 can have three components: The method of dividing the isolation, the space division isolation calculation unit 23 further includes a beamforming coefficient calculation unit, an uplink space division isolation calculation unit, and a downlink space division isolation calculation unit, wherein the beamforming coefficient calculation unit is configured to calculate one The user suppresses the beam shaping weight coefficient of another user, and sends the calculated beam shaping weight coefficient to the uplink space division isolation degree calculation unit and the downlink space division isolation degree calculation unit; the uplink space division isolation degree calculation unit and the downlink The space division isolation calculation unit calculates the uplink air separation isolation and the downlink air separation isolation between the users according to the obtained beamforming weight coefficient and the channel impulse response.
  • the space division isolation calculation sheet The element 23 further includes a power spectrum estimation unit, a power spectrum difference calculation unit, and a space division isolation calculation module, wherein the power spectrum estimation unit performs power spectrum estimation, and various spectrum estimation algorithms, such as Bartlett spectrum estimation and Capon spectrum estimation, can be used. , the music spectrum estimation, and the like; the power spectrum difference calculation unit calculates a power spectrum difference between the two users according to the estimated power spectrum of each user; the space division isolation calculation module calculates the difference between the two users according to the calculated power spectrum difference Air separation isolation.
  • the space division isolation calculation unit 23 further includes a power spectrum estimation unit, a wave direction determination unit, and a wave angle difference calculation unit, wherein the power spectrum estimation unit performs power spectrum for calculating the space division isolation according to the user's incoming wave direction. It is estimated that various spectral estimation algorithms, such as Bartlett spectrum estimation, Capon spectrum estimation, Music spectrum estimation, etc., can be used; the wave direction determining unit determines the direction of the power spectrum maximum value as the corresponding user according to the power spectrum estimation result. Wave direction; The incoming wave angle difference calculation unit is used to calculate the incoming wave angle difference between the two users, and uses the calculation result as the space separation isolation of the two users.
  • the power spectrum estimation unit performs power spectrum for calculating the space division isolation according to the user's incoming wave direction. It is estimated that various spectral estimation algorithms, such as Bartlett spectrum estimation, Capon spectrum estimation, Music spectrum estimation, etc., can be used; the wave direction determining unit determines the direction of the power spectrum maximum value as the corresponding user according
  • the space division multiplexing user group generating unit 24 may further include a space division isolation degree comparing unit and a space division multiplexing user group storage unit, wherein the space division isolation degree comparing unit receives the space division isolation degree calculating unit 23 Calculate the space separation isolation between users, receive or read the air separation isolation threshold, compare the two values, and send the user group greater than or equal to the threshold into the space division multiplexing user group storage.
  • the unit is saved in the unit; the space division multiplexing user group storage unit stores all the user groups that have been compared with the space division isolation threshold value, and forms a space division multiplexing user group set, which can be saved in the list.
  • the apparatus of the present invention may further include a space division multiplexing user group updating unit, configured to update the space division multiplexing user group set or list in real time or periodically according to the need, determine whether it is necessary to delete the existing user group, and add a new one. user group.
  • a space division multiplexing user group updating unit configured to update the space division multiplexing user group set or list in real time or periodically according to the need, determine whether it is necessary to delete the existing user group, and add a new one. user group.

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Description

一种实现空分复用的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信系统中的复用技术, 特别是指一种实现空分复用 的方法及装置。 背景技术
随着移动通信系统用户数量的不断增加, 如何更充分、 更好地利用无 线频谱资源成为重点解决的问题, 目前最常用的方式就是资源复用。 在已 有的移动通信系统中, 基本的无线频谱资源一般包括频率资源、 时间资源 和码资源, 基于这些基本频谱资源, 相应的, 可以进行频分复用 (FDM )、 时分复用 (TDM )、 码分复用 (CDM )、 或几种复用方式的组合。
自 90年代以来, 波束赋形技术被广泛应用于移动通信系统中, 波束赋 形技术有两个重要的应用: 一个是直接通过波束赋形提高期望用户的信干 比, 借以提高系统的性能或频谱利用率; 另一个是通过波束赋形对有限的 频谱资源进行复用。 釆用波束赋形技术的阵列天线一般被称为智能天线, 智能天线通过波束赋形, 将主波束对准期望用户进行收发, 提高了接收端 功率。 智能天线也可以根据干扰信号的空间特征, 通过对各天线单元加权 系数的调整将阵列天线方向图的零陷对准干扰用户, 这样就可以降低来自 (射向) 干扰用户的信号功率。
基于波束赋形和智能天线技术, 关于资源复用又提出了空分复用 ( SDM )的概念, 所谓空分复用是指在频分、 时分和码分复用方式基础上, 利用智能天线的波束赋形技术, 对基本无线频谱资源单位进行复用的形式, 比如: 不同波束在不同空间层面上复用。 空分复用的基本思路就是: 通过 使复用同一无线资源的两个用户的信道正交化, 使得基站接收时接收两个 用户信号之间的干扰最小, 或者使得基站发射时两个用户中任意一个用户 接收到的信号中包含的另外一个用户信号最小。
但是, 现有实现方案中, 只给出了通过波束赋形对复用同一资源的两 个用户之间进行干扰抑制的方法, 其中, 干扰抑制主要根据期望用户和干 扰用户的空间信息, 通过波束赋形将主波束对准期望用户, 将零陷对准干 扰用户的方式来实现。 然而, 这两个用户之间干扰抑制的性能效果实际上 是不能保证的, 完全依赖于波束赋形算法, 尤其是下行波束赋形还要受到 赋形延迟引入的误差的影响。 显然, 现有技术中并没有明确给出如何实现 空分复用的方法, 更没有提出如何能保证空分复用的效果和准确度。 发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种实现空分复用的方法及装 置, 能够合理、 准确地实现用户间的空分复用。
为达到上述目的, 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种实现空分复用的方法, 该方法包括:
A、 获取用户的空间信息, 根据获得的空间信息计算用户间的空分隔离 度;
B、 根据步骤 A计算出的用户间的空分隔离度生成空分复用用户组集 合;
C、进行空分复用时, 从步骤 B生成的空分复用用户组集合中选择用户 组, 为选定的用户组中的两个用户分配相同的物理资源。
其中, 所述用户为两个用户; 所述空间信息为空间协方差矩阵; 所述 空分隔离度包括上行空分隔离度和下行空分隔离度;
步骤 A中所述计算用户间的空分隔离度为根据干扰抑制能力计算用户 间的空分隔离度, 具体包括:
All , 计算用户 抑制用户《的波束赋形权系数 wm„; 分别通过 计算上行、
Figure imgf000005_0001
下行空分隔离度; 其中, 表示基站赋形接收用户 的信号时所接收到的 用户《的信号功率, m表示基站赋形接收到的用户 自身的信号功率; m n 表示用户 所持的终端接收的信号中基站发送给用户"的信号功率, 用 m 表示用户 所持的终端接收到的自身的信号功率;
步骤 B所述生成空分复用用户组集合为: 计得到, 其中, V表示所有满足
Figure imgf000005_0002
条件的元素, T Ϋ , Τ« , 分别表示用户 对用户"的上行空分隔 离度、 用户《对用户 的上行空分隔离度、 用户 对用户《的下行空分隔离 度、 用户《对用户 的下行空分隔离度。 、 E(1)分别为上行空分隔离度门 限值、 下行空分隔离度门限值。
所述用户为两个用户; 步骤 A中所述计算用户间的空分隔离度为根据 用户空间功率谱计算用户间的空分隔离度, 具体包括:
A21、 估计每个用户的功率谱; pm (φ) - ρ„ (φ\ if pm (φ)≥ ^ & A (φ)≥
A22、根据 两个用户 ρ„(φ), 的功率谱差, 其中, 是功率谱差计算门限;
A23、 根据
Figure imgf000005_0003
计算用户间的空分隔离度;
步 骤 Β 所 述 生 成 空 分 复 用 用 户 组 集 合 恨 据
Figure imgf000006_0001
到, 其中, ϊ^η、 i ,分别表示用户 m对用户 "或用户"对用户 ^的上行空分 隔离度、 用户 对用户《或用户 w对用户 的下行空分隔离度。
所述用户为两个用户; 步骤 A中所述计算用户间的空分隔离度为根据 用户的来波方向计算用户间的空分隔离度, 具体包括:
A31、 估计每个用户的功率谱;
A32、 确定功率谱最大值所在的方向为用户来波方向;
A33、 计算两个用户的来波角度差作为用户间的空分隔离度;
步 骤 B 所 述 生 成 空 分 复 用 用 户 组 集 合 为 : 根 据 统计得
Figure imgf000006_0002
所述用户为多个用户; 步骤 A所述计算用户间的空分隔离度为根据干 扰抑制能力计算用户间的空分隔离度, 具体包括:
A41、 分别计算每个用户抑制其它用户的波束赋形权系数;
A42、 根据步骤 A41计算的波束赋形权系数以及得到的信道冲激响应, 分别计算上行空分隔离度或下行空分隔离度。
上述方案中, 步骤 A中所述空间信息为空间协方差矩阵; 所述空间协 方差矩阵包括上行空间协方差矩阵 «和下行空间协方差矩阵 «, 分别根 据¾^ =£{5("5( }和¾^ =£{3 ( }计算, 其中, £{·}表示取随机变量的 均值, (.f表示对矩阵的共轭转置运算。
上述方案中, 步骤 A中所述空间信息为空间协方差矩阵; 所述空间 方差矩阵包括上行空间协方差矩阵 ^和下行空间协方差矩阵 ^; 所述上 行空间协方差矩阵根据 ¾^ = E{&k ^H }计算得到;
所 述 下 行 空 间 协 方 差 矩 阵 根 据 ^)=£{gwg^}/ 或 计算得到, 其中, 为用户 Α的自动增益控制系数,
Figure imgf000007_0001
为用户 的上行发射功率, 为用户 的下行发射功率。
上述方案中, 步骤 B中所述生成空分复用用户组集合为: 遍历当前基 站覆盖范围内的所有用户, 计算两两用户间的空分隔离度, 根据所计算的 空分隔离度与预设空分隔离度门限值的比较, 确定所有能进行空分复用的 用户组, 构成空分复用用户组集合; 或为: 通过事件触发, 从任意用户开 始遍历当前基站覆盖范围内的部分用户, 计算用户间的空分隔离度, 根据 所计算的空分隔离度与预设空分隔离度门限值的比较, 确定能进行空分复 用的用户组, 构成空分复用用户组集合;
该方法进一步包括: 实时或周期性地更新所述空分复用用户组集合。 上述方案中, 该方法进一步包括: 预先设置上行、 下行空分隔离度门 限值 = 1,2,3和 ^ = 1,2,3, 其中 /7为所选择的空分隔离度计算方法序 号; 所述空分隔离度门限值为功率比值、 或绝对功率值、 或来波角度。
上述方案中, 该方法进一步包括: 为不同终端设置不同的上、 下行空 分隔离度门限值 ) =1,2,3 = 1,..., 和 Γ^ ,ρ = 1,2,3 = 1...... Κ,其中, ρ为 所选择的空分隔离度计算方法序号, 为用户序号; 所述空分隔离度门限值 为功率比值、 或绝对功率值、 或来波角度。
其中, 步骤 B 中所述生成空分复用用户组集合为: 根据 ί
〈, 1,2,3生成 '
Figure imgf000007_0002
一种实现空分复用的装置, 包括天线单元、 信道估计单元、 空间信息 获取单元、 空分隔离度计算单元、 空分复用用户组生成单元、 资源分配单 元, 其中,
天线单元, 用于接收无线信号; 信道估计单元, 根据接收的信号计算 相应用户上行或下行的信道冲激响应, 并将计算结果送入空间信息获取单 元; 空间信息获取单元, 根据收到的信道冲激响应计算用户上行或下行的 空间协方差矩阵; 空分隔离度计算单元, 根据获得的空间协方差矩阵计算 用户间的空分隔离度; 空分复用用户组生成单元, 根据空分隔离度计算单 元计算的用户间的空分隔离度以及预设的空分隔离度门限值, 确定能进行 空分复用的用户组, 构造空分复用用户组集合; 资源分配单元, 用于从空 分复用用户组生成单元中选取用户组, 给所选取的用户分配共享无线资源。
上述方案中, 所述空分隔离度计算单元进一步包括波束赋形系数计算 单元、 上行空分隔离度计算单元、 下行空分隔离度计算单元; 其中, 波束 赋形系数计算单元, 用于计算一个用户抑制另一用户的波束赋形权系数, 并将计算出的波束赋形权系数分别送至上行空分隔离度计算单元、 下行空 分隔离度计算单元; 上行空分隔离度计算单元, 根据得到的波束赋形权系 数和信道冲激响应计算用户间的上行空分隔离度; 下行空分隔离度计算单 元, 根据得到的波束赋形权系数和信道冲激响应计算用户间的下行空分隔 离度。
或者, 所述空分隔离度计算单元进一步包括功率谱估计单元、 功率谱 差计算单元、 空分隔离度计算模块; 其中, 功率谱估计单元, 用于完成功 率谱估计; 功率谱差计算单元, 根据估计出的每个用户的功率谱, 计算两 个用户之间功率谱差; 空分隔离度计算模块, 根据计算的功率谱差计算两 用户间的空分隔离度。
或者, 所述空分隔离度计算单元进一步包括功率谱估计单元、 来波方 向确定单元、 来波角度差计算单元; 其中, 功率谱估计单元, 用于完成功 率谱估计; 来波方向确定单元, 根据功率谱估计结果确定功率谱最大值所 在的方向为相应用户的来波方向; 来波角度差计算单元, 用于计算两个用 户的来波角度差, 并将计算结果作为这两个用户的空分隔离度。
上述方案中, 所述天线单元为基站的天线, 或为移动终端的接收单元。 所述空间信息获取单元进一步包括上行空间协方差矩阵计算单元和下行空 间协方差矩阵计算单元, 分别用于计算上行和下行的空间协方差矩阵。
上述方案中, 所述空分复用用户组生成单元进一步包括空分隔离度比 较单元和空分复用用户组存储单元; 其中, 空分隔离度比较单元, 用于接 收所述空分隔离度计算单元计算出的用户间的空分隔离度, 同时接收或读 取空分隔离度门限值, 比较两个值并将大于等于门限值的用户组送入空分 复用用户组存储单元中保存; 空分复用用户组存储单元, 用于保存所有经 过比较大于等于空分隔离度门限值的用户组, 形成空分复用用户组集合。
该装置还包括空分复用用户组更新单元, 用于根据需要实时或周期性 的更新空分复用用户组集合。
本发明所提供的实现空分复用的方法及装置, 通过计算两个或两个以 上用户的空分隔离度, 构造空分复用用户组集合, 并在进行空分复用时从 构造的集合中选取合适的用户组, 为选取的用户分配共享的无线资源, 如 此, 即可实现用户间合理、 准确地空分复用。
本发明在计算用户间空分隔离度时, 可以釆用多种不同的方式实现, 具体来说, 提供了三种基于信道估计进行空分复用预分组的方法, 适用范 围更广, 计算方式更灵活、 全面。 其中, 根据干扰抑制能力计算空分隔离 度的方案给出了一个任意波束赋形情况下的空分隔离度计算方法, 即使在 不做干扰抑制波束赋形的情况下, 进行空分复用仍然是存在可能的。 该方 法直接与波束赋形算法相结合, 表征了接收 /发送波束赋形可以实现的干扰 抑制, 为空分复用提供了最直接的参考。 而且, 对于计算用户间空分隔离 度, 本发明还考虑到很多不同因度、 不同条件下计算方式的不同, 比如: 对于功率控制系统和没有功率控制的系统、 对于两用户和多用户, 分别给 出了明确、 具体的计算方式, 使得空分复用的实现更完善、 更准确、 更合 理。
本发明在构造空分复用用户组列表时, 可以釆用遍历所有用户、 计算 所有用户间空分隔离度的方式, 得到完备的空分复用用户组列表; 也可以 在有事件触发时根据需要选择部分用户, 计算所选择用户间空分隔离度, 获得非完备空分复用用户组列表, 操作更方便、 灵活。 附图说明
图 1为本发明空分复用方法的实现流程示意图;
图 2为本发明空分复用装置的组成结构示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明的核心思想是: 对某一基站覆盖范围内的所有用户进行干扰抑 制能力的估计, 并根据估计结果选择某两个或两个以上用户共用同一基本 无线资源。 具体来说就是, 在对用户进行信道估计的基础上, 通过计算两 个或两个以上用户的空分隔离度, 构造空分复用用户组集合, 并在进行空 分复用时从构造的集合中选取合适的用户组, 为所选取的用户分配共享的 无线资源。 其中, 所述基本无线资源包括频点、 时隙、 码道等。
为描述本发明的基本流程, 以下假设基站所覆盖区域内所有用户的信 道信息是已知的, 此假设对于目前的移动通信系统来说是可以实现的。
本发明实现空分复用的方法如图 1所示, 包括以下步骤:
步骤 101 : 获取用户的空间信息。
本发明中, 所述空间信息的最基本特征量是用户的空间协方差矩阵, 因此, 获取用户的空间信息就是计算用户的空间协方差矩阵。
假设任意基站 Α覆盖范围内共有 f个用户, 估计每个用户的多天线上 行、 下行信道冲激响应分别为: iiw = i, ... , 和 gw = i,… , 其中, k为 用户序号。 根据用户的信道冲激响应可以获得用户的上行、 下行空间协方 差矩阵分别为: ) =£{5 }和 ^) =£{gwg } , 其中, £{·}表示取随 机变量的均值, (.f表示对矩阵的共轭转置运算, 这对本领域技术人员来说 是公知的。
一般来说, 对于时分双工 (TDD ) 系统, 因为上行、 下行使用的频率 相同, 所以认为上行、 下行的空间协方差矩阵是相同的, 即 = ^。 那 么, 可以通过基站接收的用户信号直接估计用户的信道冲激响应; 对于频 分双工(FDD ) 系统, 上行可以直接用基站侧的多天线信道估计直接获得, 下行可以通过用户终端的反馈获得用户的多天线信道冲激响应、 或者是利 用上行信道估计结果的某些变换形式近似, 至于具体如何获得或计算属于 公知技术, 在此不再赘述。
步骤 102: 根据获得的空间协方差矩阵计算用户间的空分隔离度。
本发明中, 所述空分隔离度是指两个用户在空间的分辨程度, 其具体 的定义和实现方式可以因系统实现的不同而不同。
通常, 可以根据干扰抑制能力进行空分隔离度的定义和计算, 也可以 根据用户空间功率谱进行空分隔离度的定义和计算, 还可以根据用户的来 波方向进行空分隔离度的定义和计算等等。 而且, 在计算时仅考虑两个用 户和考虑多个用户的情况也有不同。 具体釆用每种方式如何定义和计算得 到空分隔离度, 将在下文中详细说明。
在计算空分隔离度时, 根据应用环境的不同, 釆用的定义和计算方式 也会有所不同, 比如: 在没有功率控制的系统中和功率控制系统中, 空分 隔离度的计算方式就不同。 具体在不同系统中如何定义和计算得到空分隔 离度, 也将在下文中详细说明。
步骤 103: 根据计算出的用户间的空分隔离度生成空分复用用户组集 合。
具体来说, 本步骤是将步骤 102计算出来的用户间的空分隔离度与预 先设置的空分隔离度门限值进行比较, 如果大于等于空分隔离度门限值, 则两个用户可以共用同一物理资源, 那么, 这两个用户就构成一个空分复 用用户组; 否则, 就不能共用同一物理资源。
其中, 空分隔离度门限值包括上行空分隔离度门限值和下行空分隔离 度门限值, 那么, 对于两个用户可以复用上行物理资源还是下行物理资源, 就需要分别与上行空分隔离度门限值和下行空分隔离度门限值进行比较, 哪个符合条件就可以复用哪个物理资源。
本发明中, 由于空分复用系统中两个或两个以上用户复用完全相同的 物理资源, 因此要求两个用户在空间上必须达到一定的隔离度才能进行相 应物理资源的空间复用。 一般, 预先根据经验、 仿真或者实际测试确定进 行复用的上行、下行空分隔离度门限值 = 1,2,3和^ = 1,2,3 ,其中 /7为 所选择的空分隔离度计算方法序号。 因为共用同一物理资源的两个用户之 间的干扰是相互的, 所以当两个用户之间的上行隔离度都大于等于上行空 分隔离度门限 时, 则这两个用户可以共用同一个上行物理资源, 即进行 上行空分复用, 那么, 这两个用户就组成一个上行空分复用用户组; 同样, 当两个用户之间的下行隔离度都大于等于下行空分隔离度门限 I ^时, 则这 两个用户可以共用同一个下行物理资源, 即进行下行空分复用, 那么, 这 两个用户就组成一个下行空分复用用户组。 对于釆用不同空分隔离度计算 方法的情况, 其门限的物理意义和设置是不同的, 要分别通过分析、 仿真、 经验或者实际测试确定相应门限。 具体釆用不同空分隔离度的计算方式时 如何生成空分复用用户组, 将在下文结合空分隔离的不同计算方式一起详 细描述。
本发明中,对当前基站 A覆盖范围内的所有用户分别计算空分隔离度, 再将计算出的所有空分隔离度一一与空分隔离度门限值进行比较, 就可以 确定所有能够进行空分复用的用户组, 所有空分复用用户组就构成空分复 用用户组集合, 该集合可以是上行空分复用用户组集合或下行空分复用用 户组集合。 该集合可以釆用列表形式表示, 表一、 表二均为符合条件的用 户组有 N个时的空分复用用户组列表, 其中, 表一中每个用户组考虑两个 用户进行空分复用, 表二中每个用户组考虑多个用户进行空分复用。
Figure imgf000013_0002
Figure imgf000013_0001
对于空分复用用户组列表可以实时计算实时更新, 也可以根据用户空 间特性稳定程度选择周期性更新, 比如每帧或一定时间间隔内更新一次列 表。
步骤 104: 在进行空分复用时, 从步骤 103生成的空分复用用户组集合 中选择用户组进行空分复用, 即: 为选定的用户组中的两个用户分配相同 的物理资源。
本发明中, 根据干扰抑制或其它依赖赋形权系数计算的空分隔离度构 成空分复用用户组列表时, 进行空分复用的波束赋形系数要与计算空分隔 离度的波束赋形系数相同。
本步骤中, 选择用户组可以有很多种方式实现, 比如: 任意选择; 或 者优先选择空分隔离度大的用户组, 这种情况下, 需要在空分复用用户组 列表中同时存储该用户组的空分隔离度; 或者优先选择针对某种条件复用 效果相对好的。
经过步骤 101~104 的处理, 即可实现用户间的空分复用。 在上述四个 步骤中, 步骤 102和步骤 103在具体实现时, 有很多种不同的实现方式, 且步骤 103 中空分复用用户组的构造与步骤 102中空分隔离度的计算是密 切相关的, 因此下面详细说明空分隔离度的不同计算方式、 以及不同计算 方式下构造空分复用用户组的方法, 每种计算方式作为一个具体实施例。 针对下述各个不同的实施例, 本发明方法中步骤 101和步骤 104的处理是 一样的, 故此不再重复叙述。 实施例一:
本实施例中, 根据干扰抑制能力进行空分隔离度的定义和计算; 用户 仅考虑两用户; 当前所处移动通信系统不含功率控制; 所设置的空分隔离 度门限值为功率比值。
对于当前基站范围内的所有用户或部分用户, 计算两两之间的空分隔 离度。 这里, 所述两个用户的空分隔离度是指在某种波束赋形算法情况下, 针对某一用户 赋形对另一用户《的干扰信号进行抑制的效果。 在上行, 用 户 对用户《的空分隔离度是指某一赋形算法情况下, 接收的期望用户 的 信号与干扰用户《的信号的功率比值; 在下行, 用户 对用户《的空分隔离 度定义为用户 的接收信号中期望信号(基站发送给用户 的信号)和用户 «的干扰信号 (基站发送给用户"的信号) 的功率比。
用符号 表示基站赋形接收用户 m的信号时所接收到的用户《的信号 功率, m表示基站赋形接收到的用户 ^自身的信号功率, 其中, 上横线表 示用户终端发射基站接收; 同样, 用 „表示用户 所持的终端接收的信号 中基站发送给用户"的信号功率, 用 表示用户 所持的终端接收到的自 身的信号功率, 其中, 下横线表示基站发射用户终端接收。 那么, 用户 对 用户《的上行空分隔离度可以表示为:
Figure imgf000015_0001
用户 对用户《的下行空分隔离度为:
干扰抑制的波束赋形有很多实现方式, 例如特征值分解方法、 施密特 正交化法等, 这些方法对于本领域内的技术人员是公知的, 获得用户的信 道冲激响应估计结果之后, 可以通过这些干扰抑制波束赋形方法, 获得某 一用户 抑制另一用户《的波束赋形权系数 wm,„。
在 TDD系统中, 基站可以准确的估计用户的上行、 下行多天线信道, 说明:
Figure imgf000015_0002
表达式 (1 ) 的含义是使括号内的表达式取最大值的 w就是该赋形方法 的解, 其中, R 、 分别为步骤 101 中计算出的用 用户《的空间 协方差矩阵。 表达式(1 )是一个广义特征值问题, 其解为矩阵组 (R , R^ ) 的最大广义特征值对应的特征向量, 这一点对于本领域的技术人员也是公 知的。 另外, 表达式 (1 )对上行、 下行是通用的, 下行的含义是使基站发 射的、 给用户 的信号中, 被用户 自己接收的该信号功率与被用户《接收 的该信号功率的比值最大。
估计上行、 下行空分隔离度, 根据所计算的波束赋形系数和估计的信 道冲激响应, 可以分别估计上行的空分隔离度为:
Figure imgf000016_0001
下行的空分隔离度为:
(、
W K w
E w— -' R^w'
这样, 就给出了基于干扰抑制能力的空分隔离度的计算方法。 需要说 明的是, 用于空分隔离度计算的波束赋形权系数可以通过任何方法计算, 隔离度的计算中并不限制其方法, 比如: 基于来波方向 (DOA ) 的赋形和 基于功率最大准则的波束赋形等。 对于考虑了干扰抑制的波束赋形方法来 说, 针对干扰不同用户的波束赋形系数是不同的, 因此计算空分隔离度时 是成对计算的。 因此对于只考虑本用户而不考虑对其他用户抑制的波束赋 形方法来说, 赋形系数只由用户本身的信道信息相关而与干扰用户无关, 数可以表示为:
w(™ ") = w(m)
η = \ · · · Κ
w( ") = w (m)
相应的, 上行的空分隔离度为:
Figure imgf000016_0002
下行的空分隔离度为:
w(m)ff R(m)w!)
γθ) _ Ρ" 通过干扰抑制计算得到的空分隔离度为功率比, 可以换算成 dB值, 该 值越大表明波束赋形抑制共用同一物理资源的两个用户之间的干扰能力越 本实施例中, 对应的空分复用用户组集合通过公式 (2 ) 统计得至 1、
Figure imgf000017_0001
其中, V表示所有满足条件的元素, T 、 Ϋ , Τ« , 分别表示用户 对用户《的上行空分隔离度、 用户《对用户 的上行空分隔离度、 用户 对 用户《的下行空分隔离度、 用户《对用户 的下行空分隔离度。 、 E(1)分 别为上行空分隔离度门限值、 下行空分隔离度门限值。 实施例二:
本实施例中, 根据用户空间功率谱进行空分隔离度的定义和计算; 用 户仅考虑两用户; 当前所处移动通信系统不含功率控制; 所设置的空分隔 离度门限值为绝对功率值。
用户空间功率谱的估计方法很多, 简单的例子是 Bartlett谱, 该谱估计 的方法简单方便。 当然, 本发明根据用户空间功率谱定义和计算用户空分 隔离度的方法并不限于 Bartlett谱估计, 其它例如 Capon谱估计、 Music谱 估计等都可以应用。 这里仅以 Bartlett谱为例进行描述。
Bartlett归一化功率谱估计为:
Figure imgf000017_0002
其中, 包括用户可能分布的区间, 例如全向基站可以是 0~360度, 扇 区基站可以是 120度的范围。 空分隔离度可以根据两个用户的空间功率谱 的相似程度来定义。 这里给出一个例子, 由于下行空分隔离度的计算与上 行空分隔离度的计算是完全类似的, 所以在此仅以上行空分隔离度的计算 首先计算两个用户的功率谱差:
( 3 )
ρ„(φ),
ο,
其中, 是功率谱差计算门限, 即: 只有超过该门限的功率谱才参与 计算两个用户功率谱的相似程度, 公式 (3 )将功率谱的相似程度量化了。 基于计算的功率谱差, 两个用户的空分隔离度可以定义为:
Figure imgf000018_0001
下行的功率谱差和空分隔离度的定义与上行完全相似。 这样, 可以通 过用户的空间谱估计定义两个用户的空分隔离度, 该隔离度的意义是两个 用户空间功率谱的近似程度, 该值越大, 表示两个用户的空间谱越不一致。
本实施例中, 对应的空分复用用户组集合通过公式 (4 ) 统计得到:
Figure imgf000018_0002
其中, v表示所有满足条件的元素, 2)„、 2)„分别表示用户 对用户《或用 户《对用户 的上行空分隔离度、用户 对用户《或用户《对用户 的下行空 分隔离度。 本实施例中, 用户 和用户《之间的空分隔离度是相对的, 也就 是说, 用户 对用户《的空分隔离度与用户《对用户 的空分隔离度是一致 的。 f(2)、 [(2)分别为上行空分隔离度门限值、 下行空分隔离度门限值。 实施例三:
本实施例中, 根据用户的来波方向进行空分隔离度的定义和计算; 用 户仅考虑两用户; 当前所处移动通信系统不含功率控制; 所设置的空分隔 离度门限值为来波角度。
用户空间来波角度是根据用户的空间功率谱的估计得到的, 实施例二 中描述了用户的空间谱估计方法很多并给出了 Bartlett谱估计的例子, 用户 空间来波方向可以定义为用户空间功率谱的最大值所在的方向:
Ψη = argmax (^m (^)) 上式的含义是: 是使 最大的^ 这就是用户 的来波方向。 根 据用户的来波方向定义的用户空分隔离度可以是两个用户的来波角度差:
Figure imgf000019_0001
根据用户来波角度定义的用户空分隔离度物理意义是: 两个用户在空 间分布之差, 单位是角度的单位度 /弧度, 该值越大, 表示两个用户在空间 的角度隔离越大。
本实施例中, 对应的空分复用用户组集合通过公式 (5 ) 统计得到:
Figure imgf000019_0002
其中, V表示所有满足条件的元素, Ϋ 、 3)„分别表示用户 对用户 Μ或用 户《对用户 的上行空分隔离度、用户 对用户《或用户《对用户 的下行空 分隔离度。 本实施例中, 用户 和用户《之间的空分隔离度是相对的, 也就 是说, 用户 对用户《的空分隔离度与用户《对用户 的空分隔离度是一致 的。 f(3)、 E(3)分别为上行空分隔离度门限值、 下行空分隔离度门限值。 实施例四:
本实施例中, 根据干扰抑制能力进行空分隔离度的定义和计算; 用户 考虑多个用户; 当前所处移动通信系统不含功率控制; 所设置的空分隔离 度门限值为功率比值。
如果每个空分复用用户组中包含两个以上的用户, 那么, 相应的空分 隔离度的计算和空分复用用户组的构成也要进行相应的变化, 下面仅以上 本实施例中, 空分隔离度的计 ί:不限于波束赋形方法, 以多用户之间 :任意三个用户之间的波束赋形系数, 本实施例以特征波束赋形算法为例, 对于波束赋形算法的具体形式并无限 制, 只要能得到波束赋形系数即可。 w(mwi) =argmax
w (w) + ' (') w wM)表示对用户 接收抑制用户《和用户 / , wM)和 可以用同样 方法得到, 和 分别表示对用户《接收抑制用户 和用户 /、 对用 户 /接收抑制用户 和用户《 , 下行也可以用同样方法计算。
相应的, 上行的空分隔离度可以计算为:
Figure imgf000020_0001
对于只考虑本用户而不考虑对其它用户抑制的波束赋形方法来说, 赋 形系数只与用户本身的信道信息相关而与干扰用户无关, 可以通过公 式 (6 )计算得到:
w =argmax(w R^. w) \ Ό )
w
某个用户对于另一个用户的上行 /下行空分隔离度, 仍可釆用实施例一 中计算空分隔离度的公式计算, 同样可以得到 ϊ^、 Τ¾ , Ύ . ^和 下行空分隔离度可以以同样方法计算。
相应的, 多用户空分复用用户组集合通过公式 (7 ) 统计得到:
Figure imgf000020_0002
下行可用类似方法得到 实施例五: 本实施例中, 根据用户空间功率谱进行空分隔离度的定义和计算; 用 户考虑多用户; 当前所处移动通信系统不含功率控制; 所设置的空分隔离 度门限值为绝对功率值。
本实施例中, 用户空间功率谱的估计与两用户之间的空分隔离度计算 方法一样。 只是在计算多用户空分复用用户组时, 要统计三个用户两两之 间的空分隔离度: ■
Figure imgf000021_0001
下行可用类似方法得至 1、 实施例六:
本实施例中, 根据用户的来波方向进行空分隔离度的定义和计算; 用 户考虑多用户; 当前所处移动通信系统不含功率控制; 所设置的空分隔离 度门限值为来波角度。
本实施例中, 用户空间来波方向估计与两用户之间的空分隔离度计算 方法一样。 只是在计算多用户空分复用用户组时, 要统计三个用户两两之 间的空分隔离度:
Figure imgf000021_0002
实施例七:
本实施例中, 根据干扰抑制能力进行空分隔离度的定义和计算; 用户 仅考虑两用户; 当前所处移动通信系统为有功率控制的系统; 所设置的空 分隔离度门限值为功率比值。 这里, 所谓功率控制包括针对不同终端的初 始化功率配置。
本实施例中, 其上行接收的空分隔离度计算方法仍然可以用实施例一 中所描述的方法。 对于以终端反馈方式进行空间协方差矩阵估计的系统, 反馈的用户空 间协方差矩阵、 或信道冲激响应结果中, 需要去掉终端自动增益控制系数。 假设用户 的自动增益控制系数为 Gk , 则反馈的用户空间协方差矩阵为: 在 TDD系统中, 以基站上行方向估计的空间协方差矩阵代替下行的空 间协方差矩阵, 此时, 实施例一中下行空分隔离度计算方法需要去处上行 发射功率的影响, 并考虑下行发射功率的影响。假设用户 的上行发射功率 为 下行发射功率为 , 这些值被基站获得, 则用户空间协方差矩阵为:
Figure imgf000022_0001
空分隔离度的计算以及空分复用用户组的统计与实施例一中完全相同。 实施例八:
本实施例中, 根据用户空间功率谱进行空分隔离度的定义和计算; 用 户仅考虑两用户; 当前所处移动通信系统为有功率控制的系统; 所设置的 空分隔离度门限值为绝对功率值。 这里, 所谓功率控制包括针对不同终端 的初始化功率配置。
本实施例中, 由于计算空间功率谱时无法考虑发射功率, 因此本实施 例提出在建立空分复用用户组中考虑不同用户上行、 下行发射功率的影响。 本实施例中, 上行、 下行空分隔离度的计算方法与实施例二一样。 只是空 分复用用户组的统计釆用下述方式:
Figure imgf000022_0002
实施例九:
本实施例中, 根据用户的来波方向进行空分隔离度的定义和计算; 用 户仅考虑两用户; 当前所处移动通信系统为有功率控制的系统; 所设置的 空分隔离度门限值为来波角度。 这里所谓功率控制包括针对不同终端的初 始化功率配置。
本实施例中, 由于计算用户来波角度时无法考虑发射功率, 因此本实 施例提出在建立空分复用用户组中考虑不同用户上、 下行发射功率的影响。 本实施例中, 上行、 下行空分隔离度的计算方法与实施例三一样。 只是空 分复用用户组的统计釆用下述方式:
Figure imgf000023_0001
其中, 和 表示两用户上 /下行功率差的门限, 只有当两个用户功率 差小于一定值时才可以应用空分复用算法, 否则认为其相互干扰超过可允 许值, 不能进行空分复用。
在图 1 的步骤 103 中, 给出了完备的空分复用用户组集合的建立, 所 谓完备的空分复用用户组集合是指该集合是遍历了所有可能的情况之后得 出的。 也就是说, 遍历当前基站覆盖范围内的所有用户, 计算两两用户间 的空分隔离度, 根据所计算的空分隔离度与预设空分隔离度门限值的比较, 确定所有能进行空分复用的用户组, 构成空分复用用户组集合。 完备的空 分复用用户组集合可以实时更新也可以周期性更新, 但是, 完备空分复用 用户组集合的构成需要进行大量的计算。 为了简化计算量、 降低复杂度, 本发明也可以建立非完备的空分复用用户组集合, 所谓非完备空分复用用 户组集合是指无需遍历所有用户情况就可以获得的空分复用用户组集合。 这里, 所述集合都可以以列表形式表示。
非完备的空分复用用户组列表的建立可以以事件触发的形式进行, 所 述事件可以是新用户接入、 切换用户、 业务更新等等, 包括各种要使用户 资源增加的事件。 非完备的空分复用用户组列表的建立可以釆用以下步骤 实现:
a. 从任意用户开始, 根据步骤 102的方法计算任意其它用户与该用户 的空分隔离度, 并根据步骤 103的方法判断是否可以构成空分复用用户组, 如果可以构成, 则列入空分复用用户组列表; 否则直接执行步骤 b;
b. 完成一个用户的搜索后进行其他用户的搜索。 这里, 搜索的用户个 数可以根据需要任意确定。
对于列表的更新, 可以实时更新, 也可以周期性更新。 周期性更新列 表时, 先检查列表中已有的用户组是否仍满足步骤 103 的条件, 然后再从 不在列表中的用户中随机选择一个用户进行搜索, 根据计算、 比较结果更 新空分复用用户组列表。
对于现在和未来的移动通信系统来说, 不同的终端所具有的能力和需 求都可能不同, 例如: 终端是否釆用多天线、 终端的均衡算法如何、 终端 处于的业务状态等等, 都可能造成不同终端当时的解调能力和性能需求不 同。 针对这种状态, 可以对不同终端设置不同的空分隔离度门限。
对于任意一个终端, 可分别设置上行、 下行空分隔离度门限为 Τ(ρ ) , p = \, 2, 3;k = \, - - - , K ^ Γ^ , p = 2, 3; k = \…… K , 其中, /7为? , Α为用户序 号, 该门限表示不同用户之间的空分隔离度只有达到该门限时, 两个用户 才能进行空分复用。 相应的, 步骤 103 中空分复用用户组的统计方法如公 式 (8 )所示, 针对不同空分隔离度的计算方法是一样的。
Figure imgf000024_0001
为了实现本发明的上述方法, 本发明还提出了一种实现空分复用的装 置, 如图 2所示, 该装置包括: 天线单元 20、 信道估计单元 21、 空间信息 获取单元 22、 空分隔离度计算单元 23、 空分复用用户组生成单元 24、 资源 分配单元 25。
其中, 天线单元 20, 为基站的天线, 用于接收无线信号; 每个信道估 计单元 21 ,用于根据接收的信号计算相应用户上行或下行的信道冲激响应, 并将计算结果送入空间信息获取单元 22。空间信息获取单元 22根据收到的 信道冲激响应计算用户上行或下行的空间协方差矩阵; 空分隔离度计算单 元 23 , 根据获得的空间协方差矩阵计算用户间的空分隔离度; 空分复用用 户组生成单元 24根据空分隔离度计算单元 23计算的用户间的空分隔离度 以及预设的空分隔离度门限值, 确定可以进行空分复用的用户组, 构造空 分复用用户组集合; 资源分配单元 25 , 根据空分复用的需求, 从空分复用 用户组生成单元 24中选取用户组, 给所选取的用户分配共享无线资源。
空间信息获取单元 22进一步包括上行空间协方差矩阵计算单元和下行 空间协方差矩阵计算单元, 分别计算上行和下行的空间协方差矩阵。 该单 元在没有功率控制的系统和有功率控制的系统中, 釆用不同的方式计算空 间协方差矩阵, 具体计算分别按步骤 101和实施例七中给出的公式进行。
本发明中, 主要给出了三种空分隔离度的计算方法, 那么, 针对不同 的空分隔离度计算方法, 空分隔离度计算单元 23可以有三种组成结构: 对于根据干扰抑制能力计算空分隔离度的方式, 空分隔离度计算单元 23进一步包括波束赋形系数计算单元、 上行空分隔离度计算单元、 下行空 分隔离度计算单元, 其中, 波束赋形系数计算单元用于计算一个用户抑制 另一用户的波束赋形权系数, 并将计算出的波束赋形权系数分别送至上行 空分隔离度计算单元、 下行空分隔离度计算单元; 上行空分隔离度计算单 元、 下行空分隔离度计算单元根据得到的波束赋形权系数和信道冲激响应, 分别计算用户间的上行空分隔离度、 下行空分隔离度。
对于根据用户空间功率谱计算空分隔离度的方式, 空分隔离度计算单 元 23进一步包括功率谱估计单元、 功率谱差计算单元以及空分隔离度计算 模块, 其中, 功率谱估计单元进行功率谱估计, 可釆用各种谱估计算法, 如 Bartlett谱估计、 Capon谱估计、 Music谱估计等等; 功率谱差计算单元 根据估计出的每个用户的功率谱, 计算两个用户之间功率谱差; 空分隔离 度计算模块根据计算的功率谱差计算两用户间的空分隔离度。
对于根据用户来波方向计算空分隔离度的方式, 空分隔离度计算单元 23进一步包括功率谱估计单元、 来波方向确定单元、 来波角度差计算单元, 其中,功率谱估计单元进行功率谱估计,可釆用各种谱估计算法,如 Bartlett 谱估计、 Capon谱估计、 Music谱估计等等; 来波方向确定单元根据功率谱 估计结果, 确定功率谱最大值所在的方向为相应用户的来波方向; 来波角 度差计算单元用于计算两个用户的来波角度差, 并将计算结果作为这两个 用户的空分隔离度。
本发明的装置中, 空分复用用户组生成单元 24可以进一步包括空分隔 离度比较单元和空分复用用户组存储单元, 其中, 空分隔离度比较单元接 收空分隔离度计算单元 23计算出的用户间的空分隔离度, 同时接收或读取 空分隔离度门限值, 将两个值进行比较, 并将大于等于门限值的用户组送 入空分复用用户组存储单元中保存; 空分复用用户组存储单元保存所有经 过比较大于等于空分隔离度门限值的用户组, 形成空分复用用户组集合, 此集合可以釆用列表保存。
本发明的装置还可以进一步包括空分复用用户组更新单元, 用于根据 需要实时或周期性的更新空分复用用户组集合或列表, 确定是否需要删除 已有的用户组、 增加新的用户组。
以上所述, 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种实现空分复用的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括:
A、 获取用户的空间信息, 根据获得的空间信息计算用户间的空分隔离 度;
B、 根据步骤 A计算出的用户间的空分隔离度生成空分复用用户组集 合;
C、进行空分复用时, 从步骤 B生成的空分复用用户组集合中选择用户 组, 为选定的用户组中的两个用户分配相同的物理资源。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述用户为两个用户; 所述空间信息为空间协方差矩阵; 所述空分隔离度包括上行空分隔离度和 下行空分隔离度;
步骤 A中所述计算用户间的空分隔离度为根据干扰抑制能力计算用户 间的空分隔离度, 具体包括:
All , 计算用户 抑制用户《的波束赋形权系数 wm,„;
A12、 根据步骤 All计算的波束赋形权系数以及估计的信道冲激响应, 另 I i甬^ = = W Κ„ W Pm,m = W W 朴笪 卜^干 « l m,„ - - 、 丄;》,« 开丄 N 、 , ¥
下行空分隔离度; 其中, 表示基站赋形接收用户 的信号时所接收到的 用户《的信号功率, m表示基站赋形接收到的用户 自身的信号功率; m n 表示用户 所持的终端接收的信号中基站发送给用户"的信号功率, 用 m 表示用户 所持的终端接收到的自身的信号功率;
Figure imgf000027_0001
条件的元素, ϊϊ„、 Τ« , ϊ 、 分别表示用户 对用户"的上行空分隔 离度、 用户/ ί对用户 的上行空分隔离度、 用户 对用户 "的下行空分隔离 度、 用户《对用户 的下行空分隔离度。 P)、 E(1)分别为上行空分隔离度门 限值、 下行空分隔离度门限值。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述用户为两个用户; 步骤 A中所述计算用户间的空分隔离度为根据用户空间功率谱计算用户间 的空分隔离度, 具体包括:
A21、 估计每个用户的功率谱;
Α22、根据 _ 」 _ 计算两个用尸 ρ„(
ο,
的功率谱差, 其中, 是功率谱差计算门限;
A23、 根据 =
Figure imgf000028_0001
计算用户间的空分隔离度;
步 骤 Β 所 述 生 成 空 分 复 用 用 户 组 集 合 为 : 根 据
Figure imgf000028_0002
到, 其中, τ „、 1 2)„分别表示用户 对用户 "或用户"对用户 的上行空分 隔离度、 用户 对用户 "或用户"对用户 的下行空分隔离度。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述用户为两个用户; 步骤 A中所述计算用户间的空分隔离度为根据用户的来波方向计算用户间 的空分隔离度, 具体包括:
A31、 估计每个用户的功率谱;
A32、 确定功率谱最大值所在的方向为用户来波方向;
A33、 计算两个用户的来波角度差作为用户间的空分隔离度; 骤 B 所 述 生 工 用 用 户 组 集 合 为 : 根 据
Figure imgf000029_0001
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述用户为多个用户; 步骤 A所述计算用户间的空分隔离度为根据干扰抑制能力计算用户间的空 分隔离度, 具体包括:
A41、 分别计算每个用户抑制其它用户的波束赋形权系数;
A42、 根据步骤 A41计算的波束赋形权系数以及得到的信道冲激响应, 分别计算上行空分隔离度或下行空分隔离度。
6、 根据权利要求 1至 5任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 A中所 述空间信息为空间协方差矩阵; 所述空间协方差矩阵包括上行空间协方差 矩阵 和下行空间协方差矩阵 ^) , 分别根据 = 和 ^^ ^gwg^}计算, 其中, £{·}表示取随机变量的均值, (.f表示对矩阵 的共轭转置运算。
7、 根据权利要求 1至 5任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 A中所 述空间信息为空间协方差矩阵; 所述空间协方差矩阵包括上行空间协方差 矩阵 ^和下行空间协方差矩阵 ^;
所述上行空间协方差矩阵根据 = E {&k k'H }计算得到;
所 述 下 行 空 间 协 方 差 矩 阵 根 据 ^) =£{gwg^}/ 或 〕= δ«δ ( μ十算得到, 其中, 为用户 A的自动增益控制系数, Ά
为用户 的上行发射功率, 为用户 的下行发射功率。
8、 根据权利要求 1至 5任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 B中所 述生成空分复用用户组集合为: 遍历当前基站覆盖范围内的所有用户, 计 算两两用户间的空分隔离度, 根据所计算的空分隔离度与预设空分隔离度 门限值的比较, 确定所有能进行空分复用的用户组, 构成空分复用用户组 集合;
或为: 通过事件触发, 从任意用户开始遍历当前基站覆盖范围内的部 分用户, 计算用户间的空分隔离度, 根据所计算的空分隔离度与预设空分 隔离度门限值的比较, 确定能进行空分复用的用户组, 构成空分复用用户 组集合。
9、 根据权利要求 1至 5任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法进一 步包括: 实时或周期性地更新所述空分复用用户组集合。
10、 根据权利要求 1 至 5任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法进 一步包括: 预先设置上行、 下行空分隔离度门限值 )^ = 1,2,3和 1^,^ = 1,2,3,其中 /7为所选择的空分隔离度计算方法序号; 所述空分隔离度 门限值为功率比值、 或绝对功率值、 或来波角度。
11、 根据权利要求 1 至 5任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法进 一步包括: 为不同终端设置不同的上、 下行空分隔离度门限值 Τ(ρ ) ,p = \,2, k = \,---,K^ Τ(ρ ) ,p = W,k = \ ...... K ,其中, /7为所选择的空分隔 离度计算方法序号, 为用户序号; 所述空分隔离度门限值为功率比值、 或 绝对功率值、 或来波角度。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 B中所述生成空 分复用用户组集合为:根据 p = 1,2,3
Figure imgf000030_0001
生成
13、 一种实现空分复用的装置, 其特征在于, 该装置包括: 天线单元、 信道估计单元、 空间信息获取单元、 空分隔离度计算单元、 空分复用用户 组生成单元、 资源分配单元; 其中,
天线单元, 用于接收无线信号;
信道估计单元, 根据接收的信号计算相应用户上行或下行的信道冲激 响应, 并将计算结果送入空间信息获取单元;
空间信息获取单元, 根据收到的信道冲激响应计算用户上行或下行的 空间协方差矩阵;
空分隔离度计算单元, 根据获得的空间协方差矩阵计算用户间的空分 隔离度;
空分复用用户组生成单元, 根据空分隔离度计算单元计算的用户间的 空分隔离度以及预设的空分隔离度门限值, 确定能进行空分复用的用户组, 构造空分复用用户组集合;
资源分配单元, 用于从空分复用用户组生成单元中选取用户组, 给所 选取的用户分配共享无线资源。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述空分隔离度计算 单元进一步包括波束赋形系数计算单元、 上行空分隔离度计算单元、 下行 空分隔离度计算单元; 其中,
波束赋形系数计算单元, 用于计算一个用户抑制另一用户的波束赋形 权系数, 并将计算出的波束赋形权系数分别送至上行空分隔离度计算单元、 下行空分隔离度计算单元;
上行空分隔离度计算单元, 根据得到的波束赋形权系数和信道冲激响 应计算用户间的上行空分隔离度;
下行空分隔离度计算单元, 根据得到的波束赋形权系数和信道冲激响 应计算用户间的下行空分隔离度。
15、 根据权利要求 13所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述空分隔离度计算 单元进一步包括功率谱估计单元、 功率谱差计算单元、 空分隔离度计算模 块; 其中,
功率谱估计单元, 用于完成功率谱估计;
功率谱差计算单元, 根据估计出的每个用户的功率谱, 计算两个用户 之间功率谱差;
空分隔离度计算模块, 根据计算的功率谱差计算两用户间的空分隔离 度。
16、 根据权利要求 13所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述空分隔离度计算 单元进一步包括功率谱估计单元、 来波方向确定单元、 来波角度差计算单 元; 其中,
功率谱估计单元, 用于完成功率谱估计;
来波方向确定单元, 根据功率谱估计结果确定功率谱最大值所在的方 向为相应用户的来波方向;
来波角度差计算单元, 用于计算两个用户的来波角度差, 并将计算结 果作为这两个用户的空分隔离度。
17、 根据权利要求 13至 16任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述天 线单元为基站的天线, 或为移动终端的接收单元。
18、 根据权利要求 13至 16任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述空 间信息获取单元进一步包括上行空间协方差矩阵计算单元和下行空间协方 差矩阵计算单元, 分别用于计算上行和下行的空间协方差矩阵。
19、 根据权利要求 13至 16任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述空 分复用用户组生成单元进一步包括空分隔离度比较单元和空分复用用户组 存储单元; 其中,
空分隔离度比较单元, 用于接收所述空分隔离度计算单元计算出的用 户间的空分隔离度, 同时接收或读取空分隔离度门限值, 比较两个值并将 于等于门限值的用户组送入空分复用用户组存储单元中保存; 空分复用用户组存储单元, 用于保存所有经过比较大于等于空分隔 门限值的用户组, 形成空分复用用户组集合。
20、 根据权利要求 13至 16任一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 该装 包括空分复用用户组更新单元, 用于根据需要实时或周期性的更新空 用用户组集合。
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