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WO2008149114A1 - Méthode de traitement des effluents - Google Patents

Méthode de traitement des effluents Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008149114A1
WO2008149114A1 PCT/GB2008/001960 GB2008001960W WO2008149114A1 WO 2008149114 A1 WO2008149114 A1 WO 2008149114A1 GB 2008001960 W GB2008001960 W GB 2008001960W WO 2008149114 A1 WO2008149114 A1 WO 2008149114A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
effluent
acid
source
previous
aluminium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2008/001960
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andy Dargue
Philip Grainger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INTEGRATED EFFLUENT SOLUTIONS Ltd
Original Assignee
INTEGRATED EFFLUENT SOLUTIONS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INTEGRATED EFFLUENT SOLUTIONS Ltd filed Critical INTEGRATED EFFLUENT SOLUTIONS Ltd
Publication of WO2008149114A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008149114A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/302—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with microwaves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
    • C02F1/36—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/101—Sulfur compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the removal of contaminants from effluent and in particular, to an improved method for the removal of anions, for example sulphates, from trade effluents.
  • trade effluent is any effluent (liquid waste) that is discharged from any premises being used to carry on trade or industry. Any liquid with or without suspended particles, which is wholly or partially produced in the course of any trade or industrial activity, carried out at trading premises will be classed as trade effluent.
  • trade effluent include waste chemicals, liquid processing wastes, detergents, biodegradable liquids, wash water and contaminated mine or quarry water.
  • Sulphates are of particular concern as contaminants in effluents because they can cause erosion of concrete, thus damaging the insides of sewers and pipework.
  • any company that has sulphate in their effluent must reduce the concentration prior to discharge to meet the limits imposed by the local water authority or the environment regulator (depending on where they are discharging) .
  • the standard method of removing sulphates from effluent comprises the addition of lime to the effluent to form calcium sulphate (gypsum) .as per the reaction:
  • the levels to which sulphate concentrations are reduced using this method are controlled by the solubility of the gypsum.
  • Gypsum has a theoretical solubility of l,500mg/l.
  • the solubility is found to be as high 2, 000-3, OOOmg/1 due to interferences, for example the presence of species such as sodium or potassium in the effluent.
  • this solubility figure is up to 3 times the limit imposed by the regulatory authorities. This often necessitates dilution of the effluent which is beneficial neither environmentally nor financially.
  • this method is increasingly considered to be more suitable as a pre-treatment step for effluents with high dissolved sulphate concentrations. Furthermore, the gypsum obtained during this treatment method is produced as a sludge by-product which must be removed and discarded as solid wa ⁇ te.
  • lime powders which bring about significant operational difficulties, for example, lime powder is highly corrosive, necessitating the use of large moisture-free storage facilities.
  • the ettringite method also has various associated disadvantages. ! Firstly, the technique is costly to perform, as it requires the use of significant volumes of expensive reagents. Furthermore, this method often requires an intermediary settlement step to remove calcium sulphate before the addition of calcium aluminate to avoid excessive consumption of reagents. Therefore, this reaction is often performed in conjunction with a pre-treatment step, such as the abovementioned lime treatment method, i.e. lime is added to produce gypsum, which is then removed prior to the addition of the calcium aluminate. The kinetics of the ettringite reaction are also an issue, as the ettringite formation requires 3-5 hours to take place in an industrial application. If the lime addition pre-treatment step is incorporated this increases the overall treatment time yet further by an additional 45-60 minutes. ' A further disadvantage is that both the powdered calcium aluminate and powdered lime typically employed for this method are difficult to handle and dose.
  • the present invention identifies certain drawbacks of conventional effluent treatment methods and proposes an improved method which obviates or mitigates one or more of the limitations of the conventional methods and generally provides a method of treatment of trade effluents resulting in low levels of the anions of interest and which is simple and cost effective to perform. Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from reading the following description.
  • an effluent treatment method comprising the steps:
  • the pH may be adjusted to the second pH value of ⁇ IO by the addition of the source of calcium ions to the effluent, or the pH may be adjusted independently. When the pH is adjusted by an independent step, this may be performed either before or after the addition of the source of calcium ions.
  • the pH is adjusted to the first pH value by the addition of an acid tc the effluent.
  • the acid is an inorganic acid.
  • the acid is hydrochloric acid.
  • the inorganic acid can be any suitable inorganic acid including, for example sulphuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid.
  • the acid is an organic acid.
  • the organic acid can be any suitable organic acid including, for example, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, ethanoic acid, benzoic acid, formic acid, or acetic acid.
  • the source of aluminium is a liquid.
  • liquid is i intended to broadly encompass suspensions and mixtures of insoluble substances which will flow or can be pumped as liquids such as cements and slurries.
  • the source of aluminium is aluminium hydroxide chloride (Pluspac 1000TM) .
  • the source of aluminium is selected from the group consisting of: sodium aluminate, aluminium chlorohydrate, poly aluminium chloride or chargepac 121TM, aluminium sulphate, polyaluminium silicate sulphate (PASSTM) .
  • the source of calcium ions is a liquid.
  • the source of calcium ions is kalicTM [Kalic, or milk of lime is generally accepted to be a suspension of approximately 18% Calcium Hydroxide
  • the source of calcium ions is lime slurry.
  • the source of calcium ions can be any suitable source including,' for example calcium carbonate or calcium chloride.
  • the source of calcium may be added to the effluent along with a base such as sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to raise the pH of the effluent.
  • the effluent is raw effluent.
  • raw effluent means that the effluent has not been subjected to any pre-treatment steps prior to the effluent treatment process of the invention.
  • first pH value is ⁇ 1.3
  • the second pH value is ⁇ 11.5.
  • the method further comprises the step: Applying accelerating means to speed up the rate of reaction.
  • the accelerating means is the provision of oscillatory pressure to the reaction.
  • the oscillatory pressure is generated by ultrasonic energy.
  • the oscillatory pressure can be provided by any suitable means.
  • acoustic cavitation can be generated by pumps suitable to transmit oscillatory pressure into the reaction mixture .
  • the application of sonochemistry to the reaction speeds up the reaction and allows the solids formed in the reaction to be precipitated out more quickly.
  • the accelerating means is ultraviolet radiation or microwave technology.
  • the method further comprises the step: Adding a metal precipitant to the effluent.
  • adding a metal precipitant to the effluent precipitates any heavy metals present in the effluent. This is particularly important as the reaction is taking place at a high pH (i.e. ⁇ pHIO) and most heavy metals will be in solution at this pH.
  • the metal precipitant is Epofloc Ll-RTM.
  • the metal precipitant is selected from the group consisting of: TMTTM, MetalsorbTM, Metalsorb FZTM, Metalsorb HCOTM, Scavenger F55TM and Epofloc 1TM.
  • the method further comprises the step: Adding a flocculant to the effluent.
  • flocculation allows any remaining soluble contaminants present in the effluent to aggregate and thus come oiit of solution in the form of floe or "flakes".
  • the flakes can then be easily separated from the liquid ' effluent , for example by gravitational settling.
  • the flocculant is a modified polyacrylamide .
  • the flocculant can be any suitable flocculant, for example alum, aluminium chlorohydrate, aluminium sulphate, calcium oxide, iron (III) chloride, iron (II) sulphate, sodium aluminate or sodium silicate .
  • the method further comprises the step: Separating the solids from the liquid.
  • the method further comprises the step: After treatment of the effluent according to the previous steps, adjusting the pH of the effluent.
  • the pH of the effluent may be adjusted before it is released.
  • the pH is adjusted by the addition of an acid.
  • any suitable inorganic or organic acid may be employed to adjust the pH of the effluent.
  • the present invention provides an efficient and cost- effective method of treating effluent to remove or reduce contaminants. Whilst reference is made to the reduction of sulphates in effluent to remove or reduce contaminants.
  • the preferred embodiment includes using ultrasound energy/cavitation for increasing the efficiency of chemical reactions. In the preferred practice of the invention, the efficiency of chemical reactions can be significantly increased as compared to conventionally carried out chemical reactions and can be used to enhance the removal of unwanted components in the effluent water compared to existing technology.
  • ultrasonic probe means any sort of system or apparatus suitable for delivering ultrasonic energy into a reaction mixture.
  • ultrasound emitting surface area means any surface area where ultrasonic energy is emitted into the reaction mixture, i.e. the sonotrode surface in Figure 3 or the flow cell tube surface in Figure 4 and 5.
  • amplitude mean the magnitude of the maximum disturbance in the medium during one wave cycle of an ultrasound wave.
  • Average specific energy in this context means the total specific energy applied to the reaction mixture divided by the total volume of the reaction mixture (in litres) .
  • the "ultrasonic energy density per volume reaction mixture” is calculated as an average value over the total reaction mixture volume (in cm 3 ) .
  • Figure 1 illustrates a flow chart of the effluent treatment method
  • FIG 2 is a schematic illustration of a typical ultrasound system wherein the sonotrode' s (214) ultrasound emitting surface is in direct contact with the reaction mixture.
  • the reaction mixture passes through A into a flow cell (215) and leaves the flow cell through B.
  • a generator (211) is connected to a transducer (212) which is 'further connected via booster horn (213) to the sonotrode (214);
  • FIG 3 is a schematic illustration of an ultrasound system wherein one or more transducer/booster (322/323/324) are welded to the outside of a flow cell tube (325) .
  • a generator is connected to the transducer (321) as in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 schematically illustrates an ultrasound system wherein the ultrasound energy is indirectly transferred into the reaction mixture* from the sonotrode (434) via a suitable medium (435) (water, oil, organic fluid) to the flow tube (436); and
  • Appendix 1 comprises details of an analysis of the solids obtained as precipitate via the method of the invention for the removal Df sulphates from trade effluent .
  • step ,1 involves the addition of hydrochloric acid to the effluent to reduce the pH to a value equal to or less th ⁇ n 2.
  • the acid ionises the calcium and the sulphate present in the effluent, so that they can react with the aluminium in the next i step.
  • Step 2 involves the movement of the effluent into an agitated tank, at ; which point aluminium hydroxide chloride is added to the effluent.
  • the aluminium hydroxide chloride is added in liquid form, which is convenient for handling and dosage.
  • the aluminium ions present in Jthis compound react with the
  • step 3 lime milk (kalic) is added in excess to the reaction.
  • the lime milk has a dual purpose and provides both 'calcium ions for the reaction while at the same time increasing the pH to within the range of approximately 11 J 5 - 11.8 at which the solid will- precipitate out of solution.
  • the calcium ions present in the lime milk react with the aluminium sulphate to form a calcium aluminium sulphate oxide.
  • the solids have been identified as a form of zeolite, and an analysis of the solids can be seen in Appendix 1. The precipitation of the solid starts from the addition of the lime milk to the effluent and is optimised when the effluent reaches the correct pH band.
  • An advantage of the effluent treatment technique is the use of the source qf calcium ions in excess, for example the lime milk.
  • Previous techniques have required the use of an excess of the aluminium compound.
  • aluminium is far more costly than calcium, it is obviously cost effective to use the latter in excess.
  • the calcium ions in the lime milk are reacting with the aluminium sulphate to form the solid precipitate, in contrast with previous methods in which the aluminium ions reacted with calcium sulphate.
  • calcium aluminate binds preferably with the bound sulphate (i.e.
  • a source of calcium ions can be provided separately to the means for increasing the pH to the preferred range.
  • step ⁇ can be incorporated for maximum benefit.
  • the reaction is then accelerated in step 4, which involves the application of sonochemistry to the reaction.
  • the application of sonochemistry to the reaction allows the solid to be precipitated out in a matter of minutes, in comparison with previous reaction times of typically 3-5 hours for ettringite formation.
  • Results using the treatment method of the invention have resulted in sulphate levels of 60 parts per million (ppm) for raw effluents, which have initial
  • step 5 a metal precipitant is added to the effluent solution.
  • the metal precipitant binds with any heavy metals present in the effluent, which will predominantly be in solution at the high working pH range.
  • the metal precipitant will also bind with any remaining calcium and aluroinium ions, leaving very low residual levels remaining in the effluent.
  • Recent experimental results obtained by the inventors have shown heavy metals reduced by 99.7%, from a starting amount of 16.7 ⁇ ppm down to 0.05ppm. Furthermore, the metal precipitant aids the subsequent flocculation step.
  • step 6 involves the addition of a flocculant to the effluent solution.
  • the flocculant causes any remaining soluble contaminants to aggregate and precipitate lout of solution as flakes.
  • step 7 the effluent is moved to a settling chamber where the solids are separated out of the effluent by settling (i.e. gravity).
  • step 8 the pH of the effluent is corrected, if required.
  • This typically involves the addition of an acid to the effluent to neutralise the high pH of the effluent before the effluent is released, for example into a sewer.
  • the acid will be chosen to minimise the addition of deleterious species into the effluent. Solids are also dewatered.
  • the inventors of the present; invention have surprisingly found that by subjecting the reaction mixture to acoustic cavitation, an increase of the efficiency of the reaction is obtained'. Such an increase of the reaction efficiency can save starting materials and reaction time, and can therefore lead to substantial cost savings in the waste jeffluent treatment.
  • Systems for generating ul.trasonic energy are available from commercial source.s, e.g., Hielscher GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany. Such- systems generally comprise a transducer which is the source of the vibrational energy. A transducer within this meaning transforms electrical energy into- vibrational (oscillatory) energy. Transducers are; available in discrete power units, e.g. 1 kW, 2 kW, 4,kW, 8 kW, 16 kW, which can be used as a single unit, or as a combination of units. It is possible to use a; whole series of transducers within one ultrasonic system, each of them providing ultrasonic energy at its specific power. There are two main types of transducers in the field of ultrasonic energy, i.e. piezoelectric and magnetostrictive . In a preferred embodiment of the current invention, at least one transducer has a power in the range between 0.01 and 40 kW and more preferably in the range between 8 and 16 kW.
  • the ultrasonic energy emitted per cm 2 from at least one of the ultrasound emitting surface areas is in the range from 0.001 W/ cm 2 to 1000 W/ cm 2 , preferably from 1 to 500 W/ cm 2 , more preferably from 1 to 200 W/ cm 2 .
  • the ultrasonic energy has a wave with an amplitude in the range of 0.1 micrometer to 1000 micrometer, preferably 0.1 to 500 micrometer, more preferably 0.1 to 50 micrometer.
  • the ultrasonic energy is preferably applied to the reaction mixture at an average specific energy between IxIO "5 kWh and IxIO "1 kWh ultrasonic energy per litre reaction mixture, more preferably between IxIO "4 kWh and IxICT 2 kWh ultrasonic energy per litre reaction mixture.
  • the emitted ultrasonic energy has a frequency of more than 15 kHz, preferably from 15 to 500 kHz, more preferably from 16 to 60 kHz. Most preferably, the emitted ultrasonic energy has a frequency from 16 to 22 kHz.
  • the ultrasonic energy density per volume reaction mixture is in the range from 0.001 W/cm 3 to 1000 W/cm 3 , more preferably in the range fcom 1 W/cm 3 to 500 W/cm 3 , even more preferably in the rarge from 1 W/cm 3 to 200 W/cm 3 .
  • Figures 2-4 show various feasible ways in which an ultrasonic system suitable for the purpose of this invention can be setup.
  • Ultrasonic systems generally utilize a probe, a so-called sonotrode, for transmitting ultrasonic energy into the reaction mixture.
  • a probe a so-called sonotrode
  • These include for example, axial probes and radial probes, each of which is suitable for the method described herein.
  • a sonotrode can be .directly in touch with the reaction mixture and ⁇ transfer ultrasonic energy directly into the reaction mixture via the sonotrode' s surface which is in direct contact with the medium being processed ( Figure 2), or
  • Ultrasonic energy can be transmitted indirectly via one or more transducers attached to the outside of a flow cell or tube (made of steel or other metal) making the tube ultrasonically active (Figure 3) .
  • the transducers can be welded s to the tube, or screwed onto the tube via a thread connection, or there could be a strap around the tube attaching the transducer to the tube, or '
  • Ultrasonic energy can be transmitted by the transfer of ultrasonic energy waves indirectly via a suitable medium (water, oil, organic fluid) through the walls of the flow cell/tube and into the medium being processed (Figure 4).
  • a suitable medium water, oil, organic fluid
  • the typical ultrasound system comprises a generator, a transducer, a booster, and a sonotrode as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • Figure 2 represents a flow cell wherein a sonotrode is placed. The reaction mixture passes the sonotrode and absorbs ultrasonic energy. Additionally, an ⁇ anti-vibrational flange is often used to stop vibrations going into the surrounding equipment, i.e. in Figure 2 the flow cell, and makes sure that all or most of the energy goes into the reaction mixture.
  • a booster is provided to reduce or amplify the ultrasonic energy as needed. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the design of the flow cell has therefore an impact on the reaction itself. Appendix 1 details the results of chemical analyses on the resultant precipitate ⁇ , from the reaction according to the invention, for the removal of sulphate.
  • An advantage of the technique is that the method demonstrates the same processing capability and superior treatment results as those achieved using powder reagents, but without the disadvantages associated with using such powders. Furthermore, the method does not require a separate pre-treatment step which is advantageous as it reduces the overall time of the reaction and provides a quicker and more convenient means to remove sulphates from trade effluents.
  • the acceleration of the method by the application of an accelerating means such as sonochemistry dramatically decreases the reaction time, from hours down to minutes .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une méthode d'élimination des polluants d'effluents, et particulièrement sur une méthode améliorée de déplacement d'anions, par exemple les sulfates d'effluents commerciaux. Ladite méthode comporte en particulier les étapes suivantes: réglage du pH de l'effluent; adjonction d'une source d'aluminium; réglage du pH de l'effluent à une deuxième valeur; et adjonction à l'effluent d'une source d'ions calcium; et dans l'exécution préférée, utilisation de moyens d'accélération sous la forme d'oscillations de pression pour accroître le taux de réaction.
PCT/GB2008/001960 2007-06-08 2008-06-06 Méthode de traitement des effluents Ceased WO2008149114A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0711055.4A GB0711055D0 (en) 2007-06-08 2007-06-08 Improved effluent treatment
GB0711055.4 2007-06-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008149114A1 true WO2008149114A1 (fr) 2008-12-11

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ES2397018A1 (es) * 2011-06-21 2013-03-04 Jordi Arellano Ortiz Método de tratamiento de residuos con carga en sulfatos y valorización de los lodos obtenidos.
WO2014087026A1 (fr) * 2012-12-03 2014-06-12 Jordi Arellano Ortiz Procédé de traitement de résidus chargés en sulfates et de valorisation des boues obtenues
CN105399160A (zh) * 2015-12-21 2016-03-16 天津欧盼科技开发有限公司 一种印染污水处理剂及其制备方法
CN109231334A (zh) * 2018-08-28 2019-01-18 浙江正洁环境科技有限公司 一种废水综合处理药剂及其应用
CN110357297A (zh) * 2019-07-02 2019-10-22 马鞍山星奇达新材料科技有限公司 一种含铝碱性废水中水回收方法及其装置
CN110467210A (zh) * 2019-09-09 2019-11-19 中国铝业股份有限公司 一种以铝酸钠溶液生产聚合氯化铝的方法

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GB2505515A (en) * 2012-09-04 2014-03-05 Integrated Effluent Solutions Ltd Treatment of contaminated effluent
US10071923B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2018-09-11 Ecolab Usa Inc. Addition of aluminum reagents to oxoanion-containing water streams
US9389209B2 (en) 2014-09-05 2016-07-12 Ecolab Usa Inc. Oxoanion concentration determination using aluminum reagents
CN109133456A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-04 贺州市骏鑫矿产品有限责任公司 一种钾长石粉生产污水的循环利用方法

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