WO2008145393A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit pd und/oder au beladenen schalenkatalysators - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit pd und/oder au beladenen schalenkatalysators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008145393A1 WO2008145393A1 PCT/EP2008/004334 EP2008004334W WO2008145393A1 WO 2008145393 A1 WO2008145393 A1 WO 2008145393A1 EP 2008004334 W EP2008004334 W EP 2008004334W WO 2008145393 A1 WO2008145393 A1 WO 2008145393A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- catalyst
- oac
- catalyst support
- precursor compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/52—Gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/397—Egg shell like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/55—Cylinders or rings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0221—Coating of particles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing a coated catalyst comprising a catalyst support molded body having an outer shell in which metallic Pd and / or Au is contained.
- Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) is an important monomer building block in the synthesis of plastic polymers.
- VAM Main fields of application of VAM are i.a. the preparation of polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetal and the co- and terpolymerization with other monomers such as ethylene, vinyl chloride, acrylate, maleate, fumarate and vinyl laurate.
- VAM is predominantly produced in the gas phase from acetic acid and ethylene by reaction with oxygen, wherein the catalysts used for this synthesis preferably contain Pd and Au as active metals and an alkali metal component as a promoter, preferably potassium in the form of the acetate.
- the active metals Pd and Au are presumably not in the form of metal particles of the respective pure metal, but rather in the form of Pd / Au alloy particles of possibly different composition, although the presence of unalloyed particles is not excluded can.
- Cd or Ba may also be used as second active metal component.
- VAM is predominantly produced by means of so-called shell catalysts, in which the catalytic acting active metals are not completely penetrate the catalyst support, but rather are contained only in a more or less wide outer region (shell) of the catalyst support (cf., EP 565 952 A1, EP 634 214 A1, EP 634 209 A1 and EP 634 208 A1) while the more interior areas of the carrier are almost free of precious metals.
- shell catalysts in which the catalytic acting active metals are not completely penetrate the catalyst support, but rather are contained only in a more or less wide outer region (shell) of the catalyst support (cf., EP 565 952 A1, EP 634 214 A1, EP 634 209 A1 and EP 634 208 A1) while the more interior areas of the carrier are almost free of precious metals.
- Pd / Au coated catalysts are usually prepared in a so-called chemical way in which the catalyst support with solutions of corresponding metal precursor compounds, for example by immersing the carrier in the solutions or by Incipient-Wetness method (pore filling method), in which the carrier with a is loaded with solution volume corresponding to its pore volume.
- Incipient-Wetness method pore filling method
- a Pd / Au coated catalyst is prepared, for example, by first impregnating a porous catalyst support molding in a first step with a Na 2 PdCl 4 solution and then in a second step the Pd component with NaOH solution on the catalyst support in the form of a Pd hydroxide compound (precipitated) is fixed. In a subsequent separate third step, the catalyst support is then impregnated with a NaAuCl 4 solution and then the Au component likewise fixed by means of NaOH (precipitated). After fixing the noble metal components in an outer shell of the catalyst support is with
- Precious metal hydroxides loaded catalyst support then largely free of chloride and Na ions washed, then dried and finally at 150 0 C with Ethylene reduced.
- the Pd / Au shell thus produced usually has a thickness of about 100 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the catalyst support is then loaded with potassium acetate, wherein the loading with this promoter takes place not only in the outer shell of the support loaded with precious metals, but rather the catalyst support is completely impregnated with the promoter.
- the active metals Pd and Au are precipitated starting from chloride compounds as hydroxides on the support and thereby fixed on the same.
- this technique has reached the limits of maximum precious metal loading.
- the Au fixation is associated with disadvantages such as long exposure times of the base to induce the precipitation of the stable Au-Tetrachlorokomplexes, incomplete precipitation and associated poor Au retention.
- shell catalysts with high contents of Pd, Au or Pd and Au in the outer shell can be obtained by means of the process according to the invention.
- the inventive concept involves the use of two incompatible solutions, one solution of which causes the precipitation of the noble metal component of the other solution and vice versa.
- the order of the solutions on the catalyst support, for example, by the carrier is first impregnated with one and then with the other solution.
- the two solutions are combined on the carrier and so the precipitation of the noble metal components of the precursor compounds causes without a separate precipitation step must be performed.
- the concept of using incompatible solutions may be due to faster precipitation of the metal components (immobilization / fixation) due to the concomitant shortened
- Coated catalysts with high precious metal contents and thin shells can be obtained by the concept of using incompatible solutions.
- the process according to the invention exhibits improved metal retention and a faster and more complete precipitation of the noble metals and a simultaneous precipitation of Pd and Au in only one step, which can lead to intimate Pd / Au mixing.
- the NaOH costs can be saved and the NaOH handling can be dispensed with, wherein, moreover, the mechanical weakening of the support by the conventional base treatment can also be avoided.
- high Au contents can be achieved with an Au / Pd atomic ratio of 0.5 and more, which is very desirable in terms of increasing the VAM selectivity.
- the first solution is acidic and the second solution is basic or that the first solution is basic and the second solution is acidic. It has been found that if one incompatible solution is acidic and the other basic, this results in almost complete precipitation of the noble metal components can.
- Acidic solutions can be prepared, for example, by dissolving a metal salt in acid (eg PdCl 2 + 2HCl (H 2 O) ⁇ H 2 PdCl 4 ) and basic metal salt solutions by dissolving a metal salt in a base solution (eg Au (OH ) 3 + KOH (H 2 O) ⁇ KAuO 2 ).
- the first solution is the solution of an acidic / acidic noble metal precursor compound / s and the second solution is the solution of a basic basic metal precursor compound / s or that the first solution
- a solution of a base / basic noble metal precursor compound (s) and the second solution is the solution of an acidic / acidic noble metal precursor compound (s).
- Acidic and basic solutions containing a noble metal precursor compound are particularly easy and inexpensive to produce by dissolving a corresponding acidic or basic noble metal salt compound in an aqueous solvent.
- an acidic or basic metal salt compound is understood as meaning a Pd or Au salt compound which reacts acidly or basicly when dissolved in pure water, which is manifested by a lowering or an increase in the pH.
- Pd precursor compounds are water-soluble Pd salts.
- the Pd precursor compound is selected from the group consisting of Pd (NHa) 4 (OH) 2 , Pd (NH 3 J 4 (OAc) 2 , H 2 PdCl 4 , Pd (NH 3 ) (HCO 3 ) 2 , Pd (NH 3 J 4 (HPO 4 ), Pd (NH 3 ) 4 Cl 2 , Pd (NH 3 ) 4 -oxalate, Pd (NO 3 J 2 ,
- the Au precursor compound is selected from the group consisting of KAuO 2 , HAuCl 4 , KAu (NO 2 J 4 , KAu (NO 2 J 4 , AuCl 3 , NaAuCl 4 , KAuCl 4 , (NH 4 ) AuCl 4 , KAu (OAc) 3 (OH), HAu (NO 3 ) 4 , NaAuO 2 , NMe 4 AuO 2 , RbAuO 2 , CsAuO 2 , NaAu (OAc) 3 (OH), RbAu (OAc) 3 OH , CsAu (OAc) 3 OH, NMe 4 Au (OAc) 3 OH and Au (OAc) 3 , it also being possible to use mixtures of two or more of the abovementioned salts, it being advisable to use the Au (OAc) 3 , it also being possible to use mixtures of two or more of the abovementioned salts, it being advisable
- Suitable aqueous solutions of Pd precursor compounds for the concept of incompatible solutions are listed by way of example in Table 1.
- the corresponding diamine complexes with ethylenediamine as ligand or the corresponding ethanolamine complexes can be used instead of the palladium amine complexes.
- Suitable aqueous solutions of Au precursor compounds for the concept of incompatible solutions are exemplified in Table 2.
- Suitable combinations of incompatible solutions for base-free precipitation of the noble metal components are, for example, a PdCl 2 and a KAuO 2 solution; a Pd (NO 3 J 2 and a KAuO 2 solution, a Pd (NH 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 and an AuCl 3 or HAuCl 4 solution.
- Pd can also be precipitated with incompatible Pd solutions and analogously to Au with incompatible Au solutions, for example by contacting a PdCl 2 with a Pd (NH 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 solution or a HAuCl 4 . with a KAuO 2 solution.
- PdCl 2 Pd (NH 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 solution or a HAuCl 4 . with a KAuO 2 solution.
- Erfindungsgeraäß can also be a mixed solution containing compounds of Pd and Au, are used, which is brought to the precious metal precipitation with a incompatible with the mixed solution noble metal solution in contact.
- a mixed solution is a solution containing PdCl 2 and AuCl 3 , whose noble metal components can be precipitated with a KAuO 2 solution, or a solution containing Pd (NH 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 and KAuO 2 whose noble metal components are reacted with a PdCl 2 and HAuCl 4 containing solution can be precipitated.
- Suitable solvents for the precursor compounds are all pure solvents or solvent mixtures in which the selected precursor compounds are soluble and, after application to the catalyst support, can easily be removed therefrom by drying.
- Preferred solvent examples of the metal acetates as the precursor compound are especially unsubstituted carboxylic acids, in particular acetic acid, and acetone, and for the metal chlorides, especially water or dilute hydrochloric acid.
- solvents may alternatively or additionally be used in addition to the solvents mentioned.
- other solvents are preferably those solvents which are inert and are miscible with acetic acid or water.
- Preferred solvents which are suitable as an additive to acetic acid are ketones, for example acetone or acetylacetone, furthermore ethers, for example tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, Acetonitrile, dimethylformamide and solvents based on hydrocarbons such as benzene called.
- ketones for example acetone
- alcohols for example ethanol or isopropanol
- Methoxyethanol bases such as aqueous KOH or NaOH, or organic acids such as acetic, formic, citric, tartaric, malic, glyoxylic, glycolic, oxalic, pyruvic, oxamic, lactic or amino acids such as glycine.
- bases such as aqueous KOH or NaOH
- organic acids such as acetic, formic, citric, tartaric, malic, glyoxylic, glycolic, oxalic, pyruvic, oxamic, lactic or amino acids such as glycine.
- chloride compounds are used as precursor compounds, it must be ensured that the chloride ions before the use of the catalyst prepared by the process according to the invention to a tolerable
- Remaining amount can be reduced because chloride is a catalyst poison for the metals Pd and Au.
- the catalyst support is usually washed extensively with water after fixing the Pd and the Au component. This is generally done either immediately after the precipitation of the Pd and Au components or after the reduction of the precipitated noble metal components to the respective metal.
- chloride-free Pd and Au precursor compounds are used and chloride-free solvents in order to keep the content of the catalyst to be produced as low as possible to chloride and to avoid a complex chloride-free washing.
- the corresponding acetate, hydroxide, nitrite, nitrate or bicarbonate compounds are preferably used as precursor compounds, since these only contaminate the catalyst with chloride to a very small extent.
- the loading of the carrier with the precursor compounds in the region of an outer shell can be achieved by processes known per se.
- the loading of the incompatible solutions can be carried out by impregnation, for example by immersing the support in the precursor solutions or soaking it in accordance with the incipient wetness method.
- the catalyst support is loaded with the first and with the second solution by the catalyst carrier is impregnated with the two solution.
- the incompatible solutions can also be applied to the support according to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention but also by means of so-called physical methods.
- the loading of the carrier with the incompatible solutions is preferably carried out by means of spray impregnation, since in this way a particularly uniform loading of the shell of the carrier with the precursor compounds is possible.
- the incompatible solutions can be sprayed successively or simultaneously by means of a single-fluid nozzle or a plurality of single-fluid nozzles, wherein the catalyst support is circulated during the spraying, for example by means of a coating drum into which e.g. Warm air can also be blown in to evaporate the solvent quickly.
- the incompatible solutions are applied to the catalyst support by the solutions are sprayed onto a fluidized bed or a fluidized bed of the catalyst support, preferably by means of an aerosol of the solutions.
- the shell thickness of the resulting catalyst can be set and be optimized, for example, to a thickness of 2 mm. But even very thin shells with a thickness of less than 100 microns are possible.
- the thickness of a noble metal shell can be optically measured, for example, by means of a microscope. Indeed, the area where the precious metals are deposited appears black, while the non-precious areas appear white. The borderline between precious metal-containing and - free areas is usually very sharp and visually clearly visible. If the abovementioned boundary line is not sharp and can not be clearly identified, the thickness of the shell corresponds to the thickness of a shell, measured from the outer surface of the catalyst support, in which 95% of the precious metal deposited on the support is contained.
- the abovementioned embodiment of the method according to the invention can be carried out by means of a fluidized bed system or fluidized bed system.
- a fluidized bed system in which a so-called controlled Luftgleit Mrs can be generated.
- the catalyst carriers are thoroughly mixed by the controlled air-sliding layer, at the same time rotating about their own axis, whereby they are dried uniformly by the process air.
- the catalyst carriers pass the spraying process (application of the incompatible solutions) in almost constant frequency. As a result, a substantially uniform shell thickness of a treated batch of moldings is achieved.
- the noble metal concentration over a relatively large range of shell thickness away only relatively small that is, the noble metal concentration over a wide range of shell thickness approximately describes a distorted rectangular function with high outside metal enrichment and slightly lower metal enrichment inside, thereby ensuring substantially uniform activity of the resulting catalyst throughout the thickness of the Pd / Au shell can.
- Suitable drageeing drums, fluidized bed plants or fluidized bed plants for carrying out the process according to the invention in accordance with preferred embodiments are known in the art and are e.g. by the companies Heinrich Brucks GmbH (Alfeld, Germany), ERWEK GmbH (Heusenstamm, Germany), Stechel (Germany), DRIAM Anlagenbau GmbH (Eriskirch, Germany), Glatt GmbH (Binzen, Germany), GS Divisione Verniciatura (Osteria, Italy) , HOFER-Pharma Maschinen GmbH (Weil am Rhein, Germany), LB Bohle Maschinen + Maschinen GmbH (Enningerloh, Germany), Lödige Maschinenbau GmbH (Paderborn, Germany), Manesty (Merseyside, UK), Vector Corporation (Marion, IA, USA ), Aeromatic-Fielder AG
- Innojet fluid bed apparatuses named Innojet® Aircoater or Innojet® Ventilus are particularly preferred.
- fluidized beds of elliptically or toroidally circulating catalyst support shaped bodies can be produced in a simple process manner.
- the catalyst support moldings in the fluidized bed move in a vertical plane on an elliptical path of varying size of the major and minor axes
- Catalyst support moldings in the fluid bed in the vertical plane on an elliptical orbit of varying size of the major and minor axes and in the horizontal plane on a circular path of varying size of the radius are particularly preferred.
- the catalyst support is heated during the application of the incompatible solutions. This can be accomplished for example by means of heated process air, which is used to generate the fluidized or fluidized bed. About the degree of warming of the incompatible solutions.
- the drying rate of the applied solutions of the noble metal precursor compounds can be determined.
- the rate of desiccation is relatively slow, so that with a corresponding quantitative coverage, due to the high diffusion of precursor compounds due to the presence of solvent, larger shell thicknesses are formed can come.
- the rate of desiccation is relatively high, so that solution coming into contact with the shaped body dries faster, which means that solution applied to the catalyst support can not penetrate deep into it.
- relatively small shell thickness can be obtained with high precious metal loading.
- the catalyst support used in the process according to the invention is formed as a shaped body.
- the catalyst support can basically take the form of any geometric body on which a corresponding noble metal shell can be applied.
- the catalyst support it is preferred if the catalyst support as a ball, cylinder (also with rounded faces), perforated cylinder (also with rounded faces), Trilobus, "capped tablet”,
- Catalyst support is preferably 2 to 9 mm, depending on the reactor tube geometry in which the catalyst to be used is to be used.
- the carrier can be calcined to convert the precipitated noble metal compounds into the corresponding oxides.
- the calcination is preferably carried out at temperatures of less than 700 0 C. Particularly preferably between 300-450 0 C with access of air.
- the calcination time depends on the
- Calcination temperature and is preferably selected in the range of 0.5-6 hours. At a calcination temperature of about 400 ° C., the calcination time is preferably 1-2 hours. At a Calcination temperature of 300 0 C, the calcination time is preferably up to 6 hours.
- a preferred embodiment is the (intermediate) calcining the Pd-loaded support at about 400 0 C to PdO formation followed by Au deposition and reduction, whereby a Au-sintering can be avoided.
- the noble metal components are reduced before the use of the catalyst, wherein the reduction in situ, ie in the process reactor, or ex situ, ie in a special reduction reactor, can be performed.
- the reduction in situ is preferably carried out with ethylene (5% by volume) in nitrogen at a temperature of about 150 ° C. over a period of, for example, 5 hours.
- the reduction can situ ex, for example, 5 vol .-% hydrogen in nitrogen, for example by forming gas, are carried out at temperatures in the range of preferably 150-500 0 C over a period of 5 hours.
- Gaseous or vaporizable reducing agents such as CO, NH 3 , formaldehyde, methanol and
- Hydrocarbons may also be used, which gaseous reducing agents may also be diluted with inert gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen or argon.
- inert gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen or argon.
- an inert gas diluted reducing agent is used.
- Hydrogen with nitrogen or argon preferably with a hydrogen content between 1 vol .-% and 15 vol .-%.
- the reduction of the noble metals can also be carried out in liquid phase, preferably by means of the reducing agent hydrazine, K-formate, sodium formate, ammonium formate, formic acid, K-hypophosphite, hypophosphorous acid, H 2 O 2 or Na hypophosphite.
- the amount of reducing agent is preferably selected so that at least the equivalent necessary for complete reduction of the noble metal components is passed over the expectant catalyst during the treatment period. Preferably, however, an excess of reducing agent is passed over the catalyst to ensure rapid and complete reduction.
- a rotary kiln or fluidized bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor is preferably used to ensure a uniform reduction of the catalyst.
- the method comprises the steps of: a) providing a porous catalyst support shaped body, preferably comprising a natural sheet silicate; b) providing a first solution in which Na 2 PdCl 4 and / or K 2 PdCl 4 is dissolved, HAuCl 4 , NaAuCl 4 and / or KAuCl 4 , or Na 2 PdCl 4 and / or K 2 PdCl 4 and HAuCl 4 , NaAuCl 4 and / or KAuCl 4 ; c) providing a second solution in which Pd (NHa) 4 (OH) 2 , NaAuO 2 and / or KAuO 2 or Pd (NH 3 J 4 (OH) 2 and NaAuO 2 and / or KAuO 2 are dissolved, d ) Impregnating the catalyst support molding with the first and second solutions; e) transferring the precious metal component (s) precipitated on the catalyst support
- KA-160 (geometric shape: spheres, diameter: 5 mm, material: calcined acid-treated bentonite) were prepared by the incipient wetness method with a solution of 0.59 g of a 17.9% (based on Pd) Na 2 PdCl 4 solution and 10.41 g of water impregnated.
- the solution was allowed to act on the carriers for a further 10 minutes. Thereafter, the carriers were dried for a period of 22 hours at a temperature of 80 0 C.
- the supports were prepared by the incipient wetness method with a solution of 3.4 g of a 4.5% (based on Pd) Pd (NH 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 solution and 8.32 g Water impregnated. After the solution had been taken up by the moldings, the solution was allowed to act on the support for one more hour.
- the carriers were dried for a period of 22 h at a temperature of 80 0 C and the Pd component reduced by means of 5 vol .-% hydrogen in nitrogen at a temperature of 350 0 C for a period of 5 h.
- the noble metal shell of the shell catalysts produced in this way has a thickness of on average 318 ⁇ m.
- the Pd content of the noble metal-loaded carrier is 1.19 wt% (determined by elemental analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)).
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
- the carriers were dried for a period of 20 hours at a temperature of 80 0 C.
- the supports were prepared by the incipient wetness method with a solution of 1.77 g of a 4.5% (based on Pd) Pd (NH 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 solution and 9.38 g Water impregnated. After the solution had been taken up by the moldings, the solution was allowed to act on the supports for a further 15 minutes.
- the carriers were dried for a period of 22 h at a temperature of 80 0 C and the Pd component reduced by means of 5 vol .-% hydrogen in nitrogen at a temperature of 350 0 C for a period of 5 h.
- the noble metal shell of the shell catalysts produced in this way has a thickness of 173 ⁇ m on average.
- the Pd content of the noble metal-loaded carrier is 1.13 wt% (determined by ICP).
- Example 3 10 g of catalyst support molding from Süd-Chemie AG designated KA-160 (see Example 1) were prepared by the incipient wetness method with a solution of 0.04 g of a 41.81% strength (based on Au). HAuCl 4 solution and 5.47 g of water impregnated.
- the solution was allowed to act on the support for a further 30 minutes. Thereafter, the carriers were dried for a period of 20 hours at a temperature of 80 0 C.
- the supports were impregnated by incipient wetness with a solution prepared from 3.48 g of a 1.5% (by weight Au) KAuO 2 solution and 1.51 g of water. After the solution had been taken up by the moldings, the solution was allowed to act on the carriers for a further 30 minutes.
- the carriers were dried for a period of 23 h at a temperature of 80 0 C and the Au component reduced by means of 5 vol .-% hydrogen in nitrogen at a temperature of 350 0 C for a period of 5 h.
- the noble metal shell of the shell catalysts produced in this way has a thickness of on average 309 ⁇ m.
- the Au content of the noble metal-loaded carrier is 0.78% by weight (determined by ICP).
- the solution was allowed to act on the carriers for a further 30 minutes. Thereafter, the carriers were dried for a period of 19.5 hours at a temperature of 80 0 C.
- the supports were prepared by the incipient wetness method with a solution of 0.89 g of a 4.5% (based on Pd) Pd (NH 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 solution and 4.70 g Water impregnated. After the solution had been taken up by the moldings, the solution was allowed to act on the carriers for a further 30 minutes.
- the carriers were dried for a period of 23.5 hours at a temperature of 80 0 C.
- the carriers were impregnated by the incipient wetness method with a solution prepared from 0.03 g of a 41.81% (by mol) AuuCl 4 solution and 5.27 g of water.
- the solution was allowed to act on the carriers for a further 30 minutes. Thereafter, the carriers were dried for a period of 20 hours at a temperature of 80 0 C.
- the carriers were impregnated by the incipient wetness method with a solution prepared from 3.87 g of a 1.5% (by weight of Au) KAuO 2 solution and 1.64 g of water. After the solution had been taken up by the moldings, the solution was allowed to act on the carriers for a further 30 minutes. Thereafter, the carriers were dried for a period of 72 h at a temperature of 80 0 C and the precious metal components reduced by means of 5 vol .-% hydrogen in nitrogen at a temperature of 350 0 C for a period of 5 h.
- the noble metal shell of the shell catalysts produced in this way has a thickness of on average 247 ⁇ m.
- the Pd content of the noble metal-loaded carrier is 1.12 wt% and the Au content is 0.72 wt% (determined by ICP).
- the solution was allowed to act on the carriers for a further 30 minutes. Thereafter, the supports were dried for a period of 19.0 hours at a temperature of 80 0 C.
- the supports were prepared by the incipient wetness method with a solution of 0.88 g of a 4.5% (by weight Pd) Pd (NH 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 solution and 4.69 g Water impregnated. After the solution had been taken up by the moldings, the solution was allowed to act on the carriers for a further 30 minutes.
- the solution was allowed to act on the carriers for a further 30 minutes. Thereafter, the carriers were dried for a period of 20 hours at a temperature of 80 0 C.
- the carriers were dried for a period of 72 h at a temperature of 80 0 C and the precious metal components reduced by means of 5 vol .-% hydrogen in nitrogen at a temperature of 350 0 C for a period of 5 h.
- the noble metal shell of the shell catalysts produced in this way has a thickness of on average 247 ⁇ m.
- the Pd content of the noble metal-loaded carrier is 1.08 wt% and the Au content is 0.8 wt% (determined by ICP).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112008001477T DE112008001477A5 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-05-30 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit Pd und/oder Au beladenen Schalenkatalysators |
| US12/601,900 US20100261603A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-05-30 | Method for the production of a shell catalyst loaded with pd and/or au |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007025358A DE102007025358A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2007-05-31 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit Pd und/oder Au beladenen Schalenkatalysators |
| DE102007025358.5 | 2007-05-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008145393A1 true WO2008145393A1 (de) | 2008-12-04 |
Family
ID=39684181
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2008/004334 Ceased WO2008145393A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-05-30 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit pd und/oder au beladenen schalenkatalysators |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100261603A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102007025358A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008145393A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012008715A1 (de) | 2012-05-03 | 2013-11-07 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Herstellung von Schalenkatalysatoren in einer Beschichtungsvorrichtung |
| CN104925872A (zh) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-23 | 陕西煤业化工技术开发中心有限责任公司 | 一种二氯四氨合钯的制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007025223A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Süd-Chemie AG | Zirkoniumoxid-dotierter VAM-Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
| DE102011101459A1 (de) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-15 | Süd-Chemie AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallhaltigen Schalenkatalysators ohne Zwischenkalzinierung |
| DE102012003232A1 (de) * | 2012-02-20 | 2013-08-22 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Nachvergoldung von Pd-Au-gecoateten Schalenkatalysatoren |
| FR2993795B1 (fr) * | 2012-07-25 | 2016-01-08 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de preparation de catalyseurs a base de particules metalliques de dispersion controlee |
| US20160303544A1 (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2016-10-20 | Portland State University | Method of making a metallic composite and use thereof |
| DE102015213030A1 (de) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-19 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Entfernung von Sauerstoff aus einem Kohlenwasserstoff und Sauerstoff enthaltenden Gasgemisch |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1286021B (de) * | 1967-04-18 | 1969-01-02 | Knapsack Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Estern von Carbonsaeuren mit ungesaettigten Alkoholen |
| WO1999062632A1 (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 1999-12-09 | Celanese International Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst comprising metallic palladium and gold prepared with potassium aurate |
| US6015769A (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 2000-01-18 | Celanese International Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst comprising metallic palladium, gold and copper supported on a carrier and prepared with potassium aurate |
| WO2005061107A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Zirconia containing support material for catalysts |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW330160B (en) | 1992-04-08 | 1998-04-21 | Hoechst Ag | Supported catalyst, process for its preparation and its use for the preparation of vinyl acetate |
| DE4323980C1 (de) | 1993-07-16 | 1995-03-30 | Hoechst Ag | Palladium und Kalium sowie Cadmium, Barium oder Gold enthaltender Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
| DE4323981C1 (de) | 1993-07-16 | 1995-03-09 | Hoechst Ag | Palladium und Kalium sowie Cadmium, Barium oder Gold enthaltender Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
| DE4323978C1 (de) * | 1993-07-16 | 1995-02-16 | Hoechst Ag | Palladium und Kalium sowie Cadmium, Barium oder Gold enthaltender Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
| CA2135021A1 (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-05-20 | David J. Gulliver | Process for the preparation of catalysts for use in the production of vinyl acetate |
| US5665667A (en) * | 1994-06-02 | 1997-09-09 | The Standard Oil Company | Process for the preparation of vinyl acetate catalyst |
| US5753583A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1998-05-19 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Supported palladium catalyst |
| SA97180048B1 (ar) * | 1996-05-24 | 2005-12-21 | هوكست سيلانس كوربوريشن | محفز بلاديوم - ذهب palladium gold ثنائي المعدن متغاير الخواص heterogeneous bimetallic vinyl acetate لإنتاج أسيتات فينيل |
| DE19723591A1 (de) * | 1997-06-05 | 1998-12-10 | Hoechst Ag | Katalysator, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
| DE19734974A1 (de) * | 1997-08-13 | 1999-02-25 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von porös geträgerten Metall-Nanopartikel-haltigen Katalysatoren, insbesondere für die Gasphasenoxidation von Ethylen und Essigsäure zu Vinylacetat |
| DE19750238A1 (de) * | 1997-11-13 | 1999-05-27 | Degussa | Preßlinge auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid |
| US6017847A (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 2000-01-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst prepared with potassium aurate and comprising metallic palladium and gold on a carrier precoated with copper |
| DE19828491A1 (de) * | 1998-06-26 | 1999-12-30 | Degussa | Formkörper auf Basis von Siliciumdioxid |
| DE19843693A1 (de) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-03-30 | Degussa | Trägerkatalysator für die Produktion von Vinylacetatmonomer |
| DE19914066A1 (de) * | 1999-03-27 | 2000-10-05 | Celanese Chem Europe Gmbh | Katalysatoren für die Gasphasenoxidation von Ethylen und Essigsäure zu Vinylacetat, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| US6797669B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2004-09-28 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Catalyst for selective hydrogenation, its preparation process and application |
-
2007
- 2007-05-31 DE DE102007025358A patent/DE102007025358A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-05-30 US US12/601,900 patent/US20100261603A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-05-30 WO PCT/EP2008/004334 patent/WO2008145393A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-05-30 DE DE112008001477T patent/DE112008001477A5/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1286021B (de) * | 1967-04-18 | 1969-01-02 | Knapsack Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Estern von Carbonsaeuren mit ungesaettigten Alkoholen |
| WO1999062632A1 (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 1999-12-09 | Celanese International Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst comprising metallic palladium and gold prepared with potassium aurate |
| US6015769A (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 2000-01-18 | Celanese International Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst comprising metallic palladium, gold and copper supported on a carrier and prepared with potassium aurate |
| WO2005061107A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Zirconia containing support material for catalysts |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012008715A1 (de) | 2012-05-03 | 2013-11-07 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Herstellung von Schalenkatalysatoren in einer Beschichtungsvorrichtung |
| WO2013164454A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 | 2013-11-07 | Clariant International Ag | Production of shell catalysts in a coating device |
| CN104925872A (zh) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-23 | 陕西煤业化工技术开发中心有限责任公司 | 一种二氯四氨合钯的制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100261603A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
| DE112008001477A5 (de) | 2010-06-10 |
| DE102007025358A1 (de) | 2009-01-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE102007025442B4 (de) | Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Schalenkatalysators und Schalenkatalysator | |
| WO2008145393A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit pd und/oder au beladenen schalenkatalysators | |
| EP1015108B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von porös geträgerten metall-nanopartikelhaltigen katalysatoren, insbesondere für die gasphasenoxidation von ethylen und essigsäure zu vinylacetat | |
| EP0879642B1 (de) | Polybetain-stabilisierte, palladiumhaltige Nanopartikel, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie daraus hergestellte Katalysatoren zur Gewinnung von Vinylacetat. | |
| DE102007025444A1 (de) | VAM-Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung | |
| DE102007025443A1 (de) | Pd/Au-Schalenkatalysator enthaltend HfO2, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung | |
| DE102007025362A1 (de) | Dotierter Pd/Au-Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung | |
| EP2158035B1 (de) | Zirkoniumoxid-dotierter katalysatorträger, verfahren zu dessen herstellung sowie katalysator enthaltend einen zirkoniumoxid-dotierten katalysatorträger | |
| WO1999008790A1 (de) | Schalenkatalysator, verfahren zu dessen herstellung sowie verwendung, insbesondere zur gasphasenoxidation von ethylen und essigsäure zu vinylacetat | |
| DE102007025356A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schalenkatalysators und Schalenkatalysator | |
| DE102013015436A1 (de) | Kupfer-promotierter Schalenkatalysator zur Herstellung von Alkenylcarbonsäureestern | |
| WO2012004334A2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines schalenkatalysators und schalenkatalysator | |
| DE69912585T2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines katalysators für die bereitung von vinylacetat | |
| DE102012008714A1 (de) | Vorimprägnierung von Schalenkatalysatoren mit einem Acetat | |
| DE102012008715A1 (de) | Herstellung von Schalenkatalysatoren in einer Beschichtungsvorrichtung | |
| DE102011101459A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallhaltigen Schalenkatalysators ohne Zwischenkalzinierung | |
| EP2817094B1 (de) | Vorvergoldung von pd-au-gecoateten schalenkatalysatoren | |
| WO2008151731A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines schalenkatalysators mittels eines basen- oder säuregemisches | |
| WO2013124252A1 (de) | Nachvergoldung von pd-au-gecoateten schalenkatalysatoren | |
| WO2008145386A2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines schalenkatalysators | |
| DE19834569A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Trägerkatalysatoren sowie deren Verwendung für die Herstellung von Vinylacetatmonomer | |
| DE1943213A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Katalysatoren | |
| DE102008032080A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schalenkatalysators | |
| EP4201523A1 (de) | Schalenkatalysator zur herstellung von alkenylcarbonsäureestern mit verbesserter pd-verteilung |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 08758904 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1120080014779 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12601900 Country of ref document: US |
|
| REF | Corresponds to |
Ref document number: 112008001477 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20100610 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 08758904 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |