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WO2008008042A1 - Biocarburant(s) - Google Patents

Biocarburant(s) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008008042A1
WO2008008042A1 PCT/SG2006/000339 SG2006000339W WO2008008042A1 WO 2008008042 A1 WO2008008042 A1 WO 2008008042A1 SG 2006000339 W SG2006000339 W SG 2006000339W WO 2008008042 A1 WO2008008042 A1 WO 2008008042A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fatty acid
biofuel
alcohol
acid alkyl
catalyst
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SG2006/000339
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tatang Suhenda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wje Investments Ltd
Original Assignee
Wje Investments Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wje Investments Ltd filed Critical Wje Investments Ltd
Publication of WO2008008042A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008008042A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of fatty acid alkyl esters suitable for use as biofuels as alternatives or additives to currently used petroleum-base automotive or other vehicular fuels and lubricants.
  • this invention makes use of the naturally abundant plant oils as starting material to produce the desired biofuels and it will be convenient to hereinafter disclose the invention in relation to that exemplary application. However, it is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to that application.
  • Bio fuel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional or "fossil" fuel.
  • biodieseF' for diesel fuel
  • ethand for gasoline
  • Biodiesel has many environmentally beneficial properties.
  • the main benefit of biodiesel is that it is "carbon neutral” meaning that the fuel produces no net output of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide.
  • Biodiesel is also rapidly biodegradable and completely non-toxic, meaning spillages represent far less of a risk than fossil diesel spillages. Thus, making it safer in the event of a crash.
  • Biodiesel can be produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, tallow and waste cooking oil.
  • the largest possible source of suitable oil comes from oil crops such as rapeseed, soybean and sunflower.
  • rapeseed represents the greatest potential for biodiesel production.
  • these raw oils are too expensive. After the cost of converting it to biodiesel has been added on, it is simply too expensive to compete with fossil diesel.
  • most biodiesel produced at present is produced from waste vegetable oil sourced from restaurants, chip shops or industrial food producers.
  • transesterification The process used to convert these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. Almost all biodiesel is commercially produced using base catalysed transesterification.
  • the transesterification process involves the reaction of a neutral oil with an alcohol to give esters and glycerol.
  • the neutral oil is reacted with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, usually a strong alkaline like sodium hydroxide.
  • a catalyst usually a strong alkaline like sodium hydroxide.
  • the alcohol reacts with the fatty acids to form the mono-alkyl ester, or biodiesel and crude glycerol.
  • methanol or ethanol is the alcohol used and is based catalysed by either potassium or sodium hydroxide.
  • the raw material is chosen from the group consisting of palm fatty acid, all types of fractionated palm fatty acid, all types of fractionated coconut fatty acid or palm kernel fatty acid
  • the process is an acid catalysed transesterfication of the oil.
  • the catalyst used in the esterification process in the present invention is an acid.
  • the use of an acid catalyst allows for a continuous acid catalysed reaction process for the production of ester and water as a byproduct. The water obtained can then be discarded and the ester being water washed and dried to yield the biofuel.
  • FIG. I is a block diagram illustrating one exemplary process for obtaining biofuel from a continuous acid catalysed reaction with an alcohol group incorporating one preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the process of the present invention is particularly suitable for the production of biofuel from palm fatty acid, all types of fractionated palm or coconut fatty acid or palm kernel fatty acid.
  • the illustrated process comprises an acidic catalysed transesterification of the fatty acid.
  • the fatty acid raw material 12 in this case palm fatty acid, all types of fractionated palm or coconut fatty acid or palm kernel fatty acid, is first fed into a closed reaction tank 100 equipped with an agitator 102 and heat jacket 104 where it is reacted with an alcohol 16 in the presence of a catalyst 14 wherein esterification occurs.
  • a catalyst 14 wherein esterification occurs.
  • methanol is used as the alcohol
  • sulfuric acid is used as the catalyst.
  • the end products obtained are ester 22 and water 24.
  • the water 24 obtained is discarded and the ester 22 is purified by washing with clean water 26 in a purifying tank 200 to yield the washed ester 32, and drying under vacuum in a drying tank 300, to yield the dried ester 42, which is the biofuel.
  • the side product obtained in this invention is water which can be discarded easily.
  • the side product obtained is glycerol which needs to be further processed before it can be discarded.
  • the refined glycerin has economically little added value due to its over supply than demand.
  • the rate of obtaining biofuel is typically shorter compared to the conventional process, allowing for more oil to be processed daily, thus, increasing the overall plant capacity.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un procédé de préparation d'esters alkyliques d'acides gras pouvant être utilisés comme biocarburants, comme remplacements ou additifs à des carburants et lubrifiants d'origine pétrolière pour automobile ou autres véhicules. Plus particulièrement, cette invention fait usage des huiles végétales abondantes dans la nature comme matière de départ pour produire les biocarburants désirés. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à faire réagir une matière première constituée par des acides gras avec un alcool en présence d'un catalyseur afin d'obtenir des esters alkyliques d'acides gras, et à purifier les esters alkyliques d'acides gras obtenus par lavage avec de l'eau et séchage sous vide.
PCT/SG2006/000339 2006-07-11 2006-11-08 Biocarburant(s) Ceased WO2008008042A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SG200604682-5 2006-07-11
SG200604682-5A SG139562A1 (en) 2006-07-11 2006-07-11 Biofuel(s)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008008042A1 true WO2008008042A1 (fr) 2008-01-17

Family

ID=38923512

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SG2006/000339 Ceased WO2008008042A1 (fr) 2006-07-11 2006-11-08 Biocarburant(s)

Country Status (3)

Country Link
SG (1) SG139562A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW200804584A (fr)
WO (1) WO2008008042A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008016330A3 (fr) * 2006-08-01 2009-06-11 Sie Hendery Hendery Bioformule pour remplacer le carburant diesel

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5525126A (en) * 1994-10-31 1996-06-11 Agricultural Utilization Research Institute Process for production of esters for use as a diesel fuel substitute using a non-alkaline catalyst
US6965044B1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2005-11-15 Iowa State University Research Foundation Method of converting free fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters with small excess of methanol
JP2005350632A (ja) * 2004-06-14 2005-12-22 Electric Power Dev Co Ltd バイオディーゼル燃料の製造方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5525126A (en) * 1994-10-31 1996-06-11 Agricultural Utilization Research Institute Process for production of esters for use as a diesel fuel substitute using a non-alkaline catalyst
US6965044B1 (en) * 2001-07-06 2005-11-15 Iowa State University Research Foundation Method of converting free fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters with small excess of methanol
JP2005350632A (ja) * 2004-06-14 2005-12-22 Electric Power Dev Co Ltd バイオディーゼル燃料の製造方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008016330A3 (fr) * 2006-08-01 2009-06-11 Sie Hendery Hendery Bioformule pour remplacer le carburant diesel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SG139562A1 (en) 2008-02-29
TW200804584A (en) 2008-01-16

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