WO2008074170A1 - Wooden building element - Google Patents

Abstract

The building element (1) for constructing walls for buildings is made completely of wood and comprises vertical and horizontal layers. These form grooves and cogs and can thus be connected with one another and with additional tongues.

Description

Wooden construction element

The invention relates to a wooden component according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

The construction of wooden houses with the help of mutually connected beams has been known for centuries. In the case of these so-called block constructions, in each case the adjacent beams lying horizontally above one another are provided with a groove and connected to one another by a spring on the side or connecting surfaces of the beams. This construction results in a windproof construction. Probably a prefabrication in the factory, ie in a carpentry, possible, but already there must be accurately cut all the bars on the basis of a blueprint and can only be assembled in the intended manner. Changes on the construction site can only be carried out by additional carpentry work. Simple buildings, which are produced in this traditional way, can be found today only in the woody mountain areas. The trend towards the use of abundant, existing wood has also recently led to novel constructions. Such a construction is described in DE-A1- 19646964. Here vertical standing logs are laterally grooved and joined together by inserted into the grooves planks. If two planks are used for each connection, insulation materials can be inserted between them, creating a heat-insulating wall. On the one hand, the construction of a building made of such assembled woods is very complex and also a wall created this way, which can not be plastered or otherwise protected against external influences, very susceptible to fungal attack, moisture and the like. if it is not regularly protected by appropriate means. Another disadvantage is the swelling and shrinkage of the wood. This means that over time, the intermediate planks are no longer tight and water can enter, which favors the fungal infection. The maintenance of such a building is expensive.

From DE-Ul-20006934 a prefabricated system for the construction of structures is known, in which plank-shaped elements are butt joined together standing next to each other by tie rods. At the lower edges rib-like projections may be provided, with which a connection to lying horizontally U-shaped Foot elements is formed. Even with these wall elements, a production is possible only to plan in the woodwork, and on site, these elements can be assembled only in the planned manner.

From DE-Ul-8913472 a kit for the formation of wooden structures is also known. As the name says, is created by bar-shaped elements consisting of two planks and spacers between a support structure, the interstices must be subsequently closed by Isoliermittel and the outside by appropriate Schalungstäfer plates. Even these components can be put together only in the intended planned composition to a building.

All these known components have the disadvantage that they - should the house once rebuilt or dismantled - can not be used a second time for the creation of a building. In addition, especially in the two first-mentioned components of high-quality wood is used, which contributes to the increase in the cost of construction. This disadvantage was recognized in DE-UI 9012616. It is there a kit for creating wooden structures, preferably for building walls, proposed in which manufactured by the meter base profiles all basic material saving and statically high resilient can be created. The revealed construction system is for a layman without Expertise not suitable to create the construction itself. Reuse of the wood is not possible with a dismantling of the building. It is proposed to connect grooved beams on two longitudinal sides by pins attached to the end faces with horizontally lying, U-shaped elements. The vertical bars can be moved horizontally. It must then be filled with insulation materials, the interstices of the wooden structure. In addition to the fact that the spaces between the individual vertical bars are subsequently filled with insulation materials, a larger number of differently shaped beams is necessary for the creation of the daily work, which means that the structure based on a plan in the woodwork or in carpentry prefabricated and then assembled at the site only in the planned manner.

From the prior art, components made of hard foam are known (EP 1 247 917), which are joined together with groove and comb. However, hard foam elements are undesirable for building physics reasons in many cases. In addition, these would, as shown in the prior art, be connected by tie rods. Another component made of wood is known from EP 1 531 206, in which similar components are connected laterally in a vertical position. These too Components must inevitably be tailored in the factory according to the plans of the architect. Changes to the construction are only possible with larger carpentry work.

An object of the present invention is to provide a standardized component with which a building of any shape can be created, is removable and can be recreated if necessary by a different way joining the components. Another object of the invention is that the building without special expertise by a layman can be created.

This object is achieved by a wooden component according to the features of patent claim 1.

The inventive components have, similar to the building blocks of clay or concrete, relatively low mass, so that they are lightweight and can be moved by hand without the aid of a crane. The connection of the individual components takes place in the vertical direction by inserting springs in the horizontal grooves and in the horizontal direction by horizontally telescoping the executed on the components spring groove construction. By suitable arrangement of the wood boards, from which the components are constructed, ie of the fiber flow and tree ring progression, each component is free of distortion and points after its Obstruction no subsidence. The wall constructed in this way consequently retains its original dimensioning. It can be inexpensive wood for the components, ie it can be used with conventional cross-sectional masses planks. These are secured together by pins such as nails and / or mutual gluing. The inner board wooden boards which lie between the outer board boards may be partly replaced by battens and the interposed comb may be replaced by insulating soft wood boards. The latter leads to an even better insulation effect. The juxtaposed, preferably half staggered components obtained by gluing or by mutual nailing a rigid wall.

Based on illustrated embodiments, the invention will be explained in more detail. Show it

1 shows a side view of a wall for a partially two-storey house,

2 shows an end view of a component, FIG. 3 shows a side view of the component in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the component according to FIG. 2.

The illustrated in Figure 1 side view of a wall, eg a two-story single-family dwelling, comprises a plurality of identical components, which are arranged side by side in rows and, offset by half a length of a component 1, are also superimposed. Seen from the side, the components 1 are thus arranged offset as in brick buildings. In contrast to bricks or other lightweight building blocks, the components are made of wood, in particular made of wood boards.

In the figures 2 to 4, the structure is shown in detail. In order to achieve the most cost-effective production, standardized wooden boards with, for example, 26cm width and 4cm thickness are used. This results in a height of the device 1 of 26cm and a length of 52cm, without the protruding ridges 3 on one of the end faces.

The component 1 shown in the examples comprises two vertical board wooden plates 5, ie the fiber profile of these plates is vertical. This is readily apparent from the representation in Figure 4, from which the position of the tree rings 7a and 7b are clearly visible. The front side joined together and interconnected, for example glued square board wooden plates 5 are arranged such that the apex of the tree rings 7a to the center of the device 1 and the apex of the adjacent annual rings 7b to the outside are directed. In the opposite, the other side surface forming wood boards 5, the tree rings 7a and 7b are arranged exactly the opposite. Consequently, the two outer layers of the components 1 consist of four identical square wooden boards 5. In the center is a wooden board 9 again of width 26cm and a length of 52cm. The course of the fibers is horizontal, as can be clearly seen in FIG.

Between the outer board wooden plates 5 with vertical fiber flow and lying in the center Brettholzplatte 9 with horizontal fiber flow two squared timbers 11 are used and their outer edges are offset from the longitudinal edges of the two board wood plates 5 and 9 inside. As a result of this offset, a groove 13 is formed between the middle board wood panel 9 with a horizontal fiber course and the two outside board wood panels 5 with a vertical fiber profile, namely at the top edge and at the bottom edge of the component 1. The squared timbers 11 are not only below the horizontal board wood panel 9 Forming a groove 13 offset inwards, but also on the first end face 15, the squared timbers are set back, so that there is also a groove 17 is formed. However, since the square timbers 11 have the same length as the structural element 1, namely 52 cm, their ends on the opposite side protrude correspondingly to the end faces of the three Board wood plates 5.9 and form the comb 3rd

The mass 26cm / 52cm are given here by way of example. Of course, any differently dimensioned plates can be used for the production of the components 1.

Between the pairs and parallel squared timbers 11 in the example cited fiberboard 19, which are preferably made of wood, used, which probably have a lower strength, but also have a lower thermal conductivity than the other parts of the device 1. Of course it is also possible to replace the two squared timbers 11 and the intermediate fiberboard 19 by a solid wooden plate with the appropriate masses. On the one hand, this would reduce the good thermal insulation a little and on the other hand unnecessarily increase the weight of the component 1.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the components 1 can now be strung together to form a wall 21, starting on the foundation 35, which is, for example, the upper edge of a basement made of concrete. In each case, the combs 3 are inserted into the vertical grooves 17. Preferably, however, prior to the pushing together of the adjacently arranged components 1 each one strip 25 of a highly elastic material, such as sponge rubber, neoprene etc, inserted into the grooves 17 (see Figure 4). This causes on the one hand an absolute tightness at the vertical joints of adjacent components 1 and on the other hand are absorbed by the sealing strips 25, the unavoidable small expansions of the components 1 by temperature and humidity differences.

The connection of two superimposed rows of components 1 is carried out by previously inserting springs 27, ie of square wood, in the horizontal grooves 13 (see Figure 2, top shown in phantom). After inserting the springs 27 after each completion of a series of components 1, the next series of components 1 can be placed on the lower and pushed together with this. To increase the strength of the mutual connections between the components 1, these can be mutually secured by obliquely hammered nails or screws or by gluing, which, however, is then no longer solvable. The surfaces of the walls can be created from all identical components 1. Only at the edges to the transverse walls, it is necessary that each block is separated into shorter pieces. But this is not detrimental, since each of the separated part is used again elsewhere. Only via window openings 29 and door openings 31 separately prepared support members 33 must be used. However, since today most window openings 29 have a standardized length, and the support elements 33, which incidentally can have the same layer structure as the components 1, can also be produced efficiently in larger numbers. Of course, it is also possible for the support elements 33, in particular if they have a large length, to use a construction which has a very high flexural rigidity. For example, carrier elements 33 can be used from a large number of horizontally glued together plates (laminated beams or glulam). For very long lengths, for example, garage doors, the height of the support members 33 may of course have twice or three times the height of the components 1 in order to obtain the necessary bending stiffness.

It is of course possible, instead of five layers, the component 1 to create only three layers with less stringent insulation requirements, - for higher demands on the insulation and / or strength, for example in multi-storey buildings, could additionally two layers (one horizontally and one vertically extending) to be added.

Claims

claims 1. Wooden construction element (1) for creating walls (21) from a multiplicity of identical elements (1), characterized in that each element (1) has the shape of a cuboid, which has at least three interconnected wooden panels (5, 9). wherein three edges of the inner wood panel (11, 19; 9) are recessed with respect to the three edge surfaces of the adjacent outer wood panels (5, 9) to form three grooves (13, 17) and adjacent to the fourth edge Edges surmounted as comb (3). 2. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that are used as wood panels (5.9) standardized Bretthölzer. 3. Component according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the wood panels (5.9) are twice as long as high. 4. The component according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outer wood panels (5) each consist of two square plate sections with vertical fiber flow. 5. The component according to claim 4, characterized in that in the two assembled, the outer wooden plate (5) forming plate sections, the vertices of the tree rings (7a, 7b) are aligned opposite. 6. The component according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fiber direction of the centrally located between the two outer wooden plates (5) lying inner wooden plate (9) extends horizontally. 7. Components according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between the outer and the inner wood panels (5.9) in each case at least one further plate (11,19) is inserted. 8. The component according to claim 7, characterized in that the two further wood panels (11,19) of two squared timbers (11) and a fiberboard arranged therebetween (19) are constructed.