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WO2008066592A1 - Appareil et procédés de nettoyage de filtre contre les matières en suspension - Google Patents

Appareil et procédés de nettoyage de filtre contre les matières en suspension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008066592A1
WO2008066592A1 PCT/US2007/017293 US2007017293W WO2008066592A1 WO 2008066592 A1 WO2008066592 A1 WO 2008066592A1 US 2007017293 W US2007017293 W US 2007017293W WO 2008066592 A1 WO2008066592 A1 WO 2008066592A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter element
conduit
fuel
oxidizer
cleaning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2007/017293
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Raymond N. Henderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SHOCKSystem Inc
RTX Corp
Original Assignee
United Technologies Corp
SHOCKSystem Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United Technologies Corp, SHOCKSystem Inc filed Critical United Technologies Corp
Publication of WO2008066592A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008066592A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0233—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles periodically cleaning filter by blowing a gas through the filter in a direction opposite to exhaust flow, e.g. exposing filter to engine air intake

Definitions

  • the invention relates to particulate filtering. Particular examples relate to the filtering of particulate from diesel engine exhaust .
  • the US Environmental Protection Agency is implementing New Source Performance Standards for mobile and stationary diesel engines.
  • the new rules limit the amount of diesel particulate matter or soot and ash that can be emitted to the atmosphere.
  • Exemplary diesel engines are used in trucks, 0 locomotives, school buses, generators, tractors, and other off- road construction equipment.
  • the California Air Resources Board (CARB) has dictated that the soot and ash limits be 0.1 gram per brake horsepower per hour. This will require 85-90% of the particulate to be eliminated from exemplary exhaust. Engine modifications alone may not be practical to achieve the required reduction.
  • particulate filters have been developed for future equipment and for retrofit installations on existing diesel engines .
  • Some filters use a metal mesh filter as an electric resistance heating element to burn the soot .
  • Extra fuel can also be allowed to pass through the engine to burn the soot in the exhaust system particulate filter.
  • a recent example of an added fuel system is found in US Pregrant Publication 20060254262A1.
  • Such thermal regeneration processes turn the larger soot particles into a fine ash on the filter. This fine ash may be periodically washed off, vacuumed off or blown off with high-pressure air during a shop maintenance cycle. Yet other regeneration processes exist.
  • One aspect of the invention involves running an internal combustion engine to emit an exhaust flow containing particulate.
  • the exhaust flow passes through a filter element to remove at least a portion of the particulate from the exhaust flow.
  • the removed particulate accumulates on the filter element.
  • the filter element is cleaned.
  • the cleaning includes detonating a fuel-oxidizer combination in a conduit and impacting the filter element with a wave from the detonation.
  • Another aspect involves an apparatus having an internal combustion engine.
  • An exhaust system is coupled to the internal combustion engine.
  • a particulate filter element along is along an exhaust flowpath.
  • a conduit has a first end and a second end, the second end being an outlet facing the filter element .
  • a source of fuel and oxidizer is coupled to the conduit to deliver the fuel and oxidizer.
  • An ignitor is coupled to the conduit to ignite the fuel and oxidizer in the conduit. The ignition may produce a wave impacting the filter element to clean the filter element .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first pollutant source in a normal mode of operation.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the source of FIG. 1 during a filter cleaning mode of operation.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an alternate source during a filter cleaning mode of operation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a pollutant source 20 having a powertrain 22 including an engine 24.
  • exemplary sources are fixed (e.g., stationary power generators, tools, and the like) or mobile (e.g., vehicular, mobile generators, and the like) .
  • exemplary engines are internal combustion engines, more particularly, multi-cylinder compression ignition or diesel engines. The engine receives diesel fuel from a fuel source (e.g., tank) 26.
  • An exhaust system 30 extends in a primary downstream direction 500 from the engine 24 to an outlet 32 to define a primary exhaust flowpath 502.
  • the exhaust system 30 includes an exhaust manifold 34.
  • a filter system 40 is downstream of the manifold.
  • the exemplary filter system includes a filter element 42 within a filter housing 44 and extending across the flowpath 502. In a normal operational mode, the exhaust flow 504 passes through an upstream exhaust inlet port 46 of the housing, then through the filter element 42, and then through an exhaust outlet port 48 of the housing.
  • An exhaust pipe 50 extends downstream from the outlet port 48 to the outlet 32.
  • exhaust system components e.g., sound mufflers, catalytic emissions control devices, exhaust gas recirculation devices, and the like
  • sound mufflers e.g., sound mufflers, catalytic emissions control devices, exhaust gas recirculation devices, and the like
  • the filter exemplary element has first and second surfaces or boundaries 60 and 62. In the normal operational mode, the surfaces 60 and 62 are respectively upstream and downstream along the flowpath 502. Thus, particulate (e.g., soot) 64 will accumulate on the surface 60 and/or within the filter element, forming an accumulation 66. The accumulation increases the flow restriction presented by the filter element. Increased restriction, causes increased backpressure (the pressure difference between a higher pressure location or space 70 upstream of the filter and a lower pressure location or space 72 downstream of the filter) . The pressures at these two locations may be measured by pressure sensors 74 and 76 coupled to a controller 78. The exemplary controller is shown as a dedicated controller of the system 40.
  • controller may be integrated with an overall controller of the source 20, or otherwise.
  • controller 78 Various, microcontrollers, computers, or lesser control systems are appropriate for use as the controller 78.
  • the controller 78 may be configured by one or both of software and hardware configuration to operate as discussed further below.
  • an exemplary clearing involves directing a shock wave 100 (FIG. 2) through the space 72 (e.g., the portion of the housing interior downstream of the filter element).
  • the exemplary wave 100 impacts the surface 62.
  • the wave 100 and associated combustion gas may incinerate the accumulation 66.
  • the incineration may form ash 104 which dislodges and may fall from the surface 60.
  • the falling ash may be directed to a trap 106, forming an ash accumulation 108 in the trap.
  • the exemplary ash accumulation 108 is held in bulk (i.e., not in a separate filter that must be disposed of or cleaned) , although other trap configurations are possible .
  • the ash accumulation 108 may be removed in bulk (e.g., via a door 110) when the trap 106 is full (or earlier) as part of manual maintenance.
  • the required interval for clearing the accumulation 108 may be substantially longer than the typical filter cleaning interval (e.g., ten times or more) .
  • the exemplary filter element 42 is oriented so that the surface 60 is partially downward-facing.
  • An exemplary wave generator system 120 for generating the wave 100 includes a detonation conduit 122 having a first end 124 and a second end 126.
  • the exemplary second end 126 is an outlet end positioned in the space 72 and aimed at the surface 62.
  • An exemplary fuel and oxidizer source 128 comprises a fuel source 130 and an oxidizer source 132.
  • An exemplary fuel is propane or MAPP gas. Small replaceable and/or refillable oxygen cylinders of these gases are readily commercially available (e.g., for welding applications) .
  • Alternatives include, hydrogen, ethylene, diesel fuel, kerosene, and gasoline.
  • Diesel fuel has the advantage of being available from the fuel source 26. Gasoline is, at least, readily available where the diesel fuel for the source 26 is obtained.
  • An exemplary oxidizer is essentially pure oxygen. Small replaceable and/or refillable oxygen cylinders are readily commercially available (e.g., for welding applications). Alternatively, nitrous oxide may similarly be used. Air may be used and may be compressed on board for delivering enhanced quantities.
  • One or more inlet valves 140 controlled by the controller 78 may admit the fuel and oxidizer near the conduit inlet end. After the conduit 122 is filled with a desired volume of fuel and oxidizer, an ignitor 142 (e.g., a spark plug) is triggered by the controller to initiate combustion of the fuel-oxidizer mixture.
  • an ignitor 142 e.g., a spark plug
  • the wave 100 is initially formed as a deflagration pressure wave that passes toward the conduit second end (outlet) 126. During travel of the wave, the deflagration transitions into a detonation. The detonation wave travels down the remainder of the conduit at a supersonic velocity and is discharged from the outlet 126.
  • the detonation wave As the detonation wave exits the outlet 126, it forms a quickly decaying, high pressure blast wave.
  • the blast wave is followed by a blowdown jet of relatively high pressure/temperature combustion products exiting the conduit.
  • the exit pressure at the outlet 126) can be on the order of 150psi and the temperature can be in the 4000-4900 'F range.
  • the pressure pulse duration is very short on the order of a few milliseconds.
  • the shock and high temperature nature of the blast wave 100 and trailing blowdown jet may be used to regenerate the filter.
  • the very quick pressure pulse created by the blast wave and blowdown jet may remove the soot and ash from the filter by momentarily reversing the flow through the filter. The resulting ash may fall into the particle trap 106 as discussed above.
  • the relatively short duration of the blast wave 100 and trailing blowdown jet may advantageously incinerate the soot particles but not affect the filter element.
  • An exemplary filter element is a metal mesh filter element having a much larger thermal mass than the soot accumulation 66 so as to survive the heating by the blowdown jet.
  • Alternative filter elements made from sintered metal material may be the easiest to use because they may be readily fabricated in a desired shape.
  • the conduit may be sized and fueled so that a single firing is unlikely to provide the necessary cleaning. For example, to produce a single firing of sufficient magnitude may take a large, impractical system. A single firing of sufficient magnitude might also damage system components or create so much back pressure as to interfere with engine operation. Thus, an exemplary system is configured to typically require multiple firings for a full cleaning. For example, a closed loop control may initiate a first firing upon backpressure reaching a first predetermined level or threshold value. After the first firing, the backpressure is remeasured, and firings repeated until the backpressure has decreased to a second predetermined level (e.g., a baseline level associated with a nominally clean filter element), less than the first backpressure level.
  • a second predetermined level e.g., a baseline level associated with a nominally clean filter element
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternate combustion conduit 200 otherwise similar to the conduit 122, but concentrically surrounding an upstream portion of the exhaust pipe. Combustion thus occurs in an annular space 202 surrounding the exhaust pipe.
  • This configuration may allow greater exposure of the filter element to the wave 100.
  • the FIG. 3 configuration may also provide enhanced heat transfer from the exhaust pipe to the conduit 200 and its fuel/air charges. This would allow the heat from the exhaust assist in vaporizing the fuel used in the detonation process. This would be particularly useful for less volatile liquid fuels such as diesel fuel and kerosene. Such heating might eliminate the need for a high pressure injector to achieve fuel vaporization.
  • the orientation of the conduit could vary from the illustrated horizontal orientation (e.g. a downwardly directed vertical orientation) .
  • a non-straight conduit having one or more turns to accommodate to existing structure is also possible as the deflagration/detonation wave can travel around corners and still be effective.
  • control system could activate the cleaner periodically (e.g., based on the engine hour meter or other interval calculated by an engine computer based upon use history) .
  • the system could activate after a predetermined engine run time for a set cleaning period (e.g., number of firings) and then shut off.
  • a manual mode e.g., to allow a mechanic to activate the system in the shop during scheduled or other maintenance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

Un moteur à combustion interne (24) fonctionne de manière à émettre un écoulement de gaz d'échappement (504) contenant des matières en suspension (64). L'écoulement de gaz d'échappement traverse un élément filtrant (42) conçu pour retirer au moins une partie (66) des matières en suspension de l'écoulement de gaz d'échappement. Les matières en suspension retirées s'accumulent sur l'élément filtrant. L'élément filtrant est nettoyé. Le nettoyage comprend les étapes consistant à faire détoner une combinaison de carburant/comburant dans un conduit (122) et heurter l'élément filtrant avec une onde (100) provenant de la détonation.
PCT/US2007/017293 2006-12-01 2007-08-01 Appareil et procédés de nettoyage de filtre contre les matières en suspension Ceased WO2008066592A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/607,182 2006-12-01
US11/607,182 US20080127637A1 (en) 2006-12-01 2006-12-01 Particulate filter cleaning methods and apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008066592A1 true WO2008066592A1 (fr) 2008-06-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2007/017293 Ceased WO2008066592A1 (fr) 2006-12-01 2007-08-01 Appareil et procédés de nettoyage de filtre contre les matières en suspension

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20080127637A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008066592A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8651066B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2014-02-18 Bha Altair, Llc Pulse detonation cleaning system
EP2924256A1 (fr) * 2010-11-19 2015-09-30 Emitec Gesellschaft für Emissionstechnologie mbH Séparateur de particules nettoyable
CN113006915A (zh) * 2021-03-26 2021-06-22 重庆汽车消声器有限责任公司 一种用于小吨位内燃车的降噪环保消声器

Families Citing this family (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009138704A (ja) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-25 Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp 排気後処理装置
CN102171422B (zh) * 2008-09-30 2013-12-25 珀金斯发动机有限公司 用于再生过滤器的方法和装置
EP2169191B9 (fr) 2008-09-30 2013-02-20 Perkins Engines Company Limited Méthode et dispositif de régénération d'un filtre.
JP5350916B2 (ja) * 2009-07-03 2013-11-27 日立建機株式会社 排気浄化装置の管理システム、排気浄化装置の管理方法
US8679209B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2014-03-25 Caterpillar Inc. Pulsed plasma regeneration of a particulate filter
CN104343503A (zh) * 2014-10-25 2015-02-11 陈建红 车用尾气冷空气过滤装置
JP7067990B2 (ja) * 2018-03-23 2022-05-16 株式会社Subaru 排気ガス浄化装置
CN110374719A (zh) * 2019-08-15 2019-10-25 刘柳成林 一种柴油内燃机脉冲净化及提取优质纳米石墨烯碳粒装置

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US4436535A (en) * 1981-03-21 1984-03-13 Filterwerk Mann & Hummel Gmbh Method and device for removing soot from exhaust gases
US4450682A (en) * 1980-02-18 1984-05-29 Nippon Soken, Inc. Carbon particulates cleaning device for diesel engine
US4730455A (en) * 1986-03-17 1988-03-15 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Process and system for the regeneration of particulate filter traps
US5012641A (en) * 1989-06-08 1991-05-07 Travalee Lucy M Emissions control system for use in conjunction with an ic engine primary emissions control system
US6572682B2 (en) * 2001-06-26 2003-06-03 Rypos, Inc. Self-cleaning filter system using direct electrically heated sintered metal fiber filter media
US6622480B2 (en) * 2001-02-21 2003-09-23 Isuzu Motors Limited Diesel particulate filter unit and regeneration control method of the same
US6854265B2 (en) * 2002-01-11 2005-02-15 Denso Corporation Exhaust gas filter regenerating apparatus effectively burning particulate material

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GB2239407B (en) * 1989-12-27 1994-10-12 Nissan Motor Exhaust gas purifying device for an internal combustion engine
JP3829699B2 (ja) * 2001-11-28 2006-10-04 いすゞ自動車株式会社 排ガス浄化システム及びその再生制御方法
US6915629B2 (en) * 2002-03-07 2005-07-12 General Motors Corporation After-treatment system and method for reducing emissions in diesel engine exhaust
JP4007085B2 (ja) * 2002-06-13 2007-11-14 株式会社デンソー 内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置
US7716922B2 (en) * 2006-10-20 2010-05-18 International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc Diesel particulate filter (DPF) in-chassis cleaning method

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4450682A (en) * 1980-02-18 1984-05-29 Nippon Soken, Inc. Carbon particulates cleaning device for diesel engine
US4436535A (en) * 1981-03-21 1984-03-13 Filterwerk Mann & Hummel Gmbh Method and device for removing soot from exhaust gases
US4730455A (en) * 1986-03-17 1988-03-15 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Process and system for the regeneration of particulate filter traps
US5012641A (en) * 1989-06-08 1991-05-07 Travalee Lucy M Emissions control system for use in conjunction with an ic engine primary emissions control system
US6622480B2 (en) * 2001-02-21 2003-09-23 Isuzu Motors Limited Diesel particulate filter unit and regeneration control method of the same
US6572682B2 (en) * 2001-06-26 2003-06-03 Rypos, Inc. Self-cleaning filter system using direct electrically heated sintered metal fiber filter media
US6854265B2 (en) * 2002-01-11 2005-02-15 Denso Corporation Exhaust gas filter regenerating apparatus effectively burning particulate material

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8651066B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2014-02-18 Bha Altair, Llc Pulse detonation cleaning system
EP2924256A1 (fr) * 2010-11-19 2015-09-30 Emitec Gesellschaft für Emissionstechnologie mbH Séparateur de particules nettoyable
CN113006915A (zh) * 2021-03-26 2021-06-22 重庆汽车消声器有限责任公司 一种用于小吨位内燃车的降噪环保消声器

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