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WO2008054246A1 - Tête de générateur de plasma gazeux analytique - Google Patents

Tête de générateur de plasma gazeux analytique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008054246A1
WO2008054246A1 PCT/RU2007/000546 RU2007000546W WO2008054246A1 WO 2008054246 A1 WO2008054246 A1 WO 2008054246A1 RU 2007000546 W RU2007000546 W RU 2007000546W WO 2008054246 A1 WO2008054246 A1 WO 2008054246A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
power electrode
head
plasma
analytical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2007/000546
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Egor Mihailovich Mandrik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EA200802031A priority Critical patent/EA011792B1/ru
Publication of WO2008054246A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008054246A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/30—Plasma torches using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to instrumentation, and in particular to analytical instruments for spectral analysis and can be used in atomization and atomization devices of analyzed samples (hereinafter referred to as atomization device).
  • the atomization device vaporizes the analyzed sample, ensures the atomization of its molecules, and also excites the sample atoms. For this, it heats the sample to a temperature of several thousand degrees.
  • the analysis of the sample is reduced to a quantitative determination of the content of the elements of the periodic table by, for example, measuring the intensity of the analytical spectral lines of the elements of the sample in the atomic emission spectrum using the previously obtained calibration dependences.
  • the atomization device must meet a number of stringent requirements:
  • a known construction of a plasmatron for heating materials with an electric arc formed between two electrodes (see AS USSR N ° 503601, MKI B05B 7/00, 1976), containing a cathode, anode anode and an interelectrode chamber located between them, and communications for the supply of plasma-forming gas.
  • the analyzed sample is fed into the interelectrode chamber and then, together with the plasma stream, flows out through the anode nozzle.
  • the main disadvantage of the known device is the ingress of sample elements onto the cathode and nozzle-anode, which leads to an effect on the results of the current ana- lysis of the composition of previously analyzed samples, i.e. the effect of "memory" is observed.
  • Closest to the claimed device is the design of a two-stringed arc plasmatron containing spatially separated anode and cathode nodes, each of which contains a housing with a nozzle formed by several electrically isolated diaphragms with coaxial holes, a power electrode with a refractory insert placed on the axis of the nozzle, as well as a device for supplying a plasma-forming gas to the interelectrode chamber formed by a power electrode and a housing with a nozzle (see Zh.Zh. Zheenbaev and V.S. Engelypt “Two-dimensional space”, p. 12-15, Ilim Publishing House, Frunze, 1983).
  • the anode and cathode nodes are arranged so that there is an angle of about 60 between the plasma jets.
  • the confluence zone of the anode and cathode plasma jets has a maximum temperature, which makes it possible to effectively use it for atomization and excitation of the sample.
  • a two-jet plasmatron has a significant advantage over a single-jet plasmatron.
  • the sample injection zone is located at the intersection of the plasma jets, i.e. outside the anode and cathode nodes, therefore, the elements of the analyzed sample do not fall on the electrodes of the anode and cathode nodes and do not affect the results of subsequent analyzes, and the presence of a refractory insert on the power electrode minimizes the presence of power electrodes in the sample.
  • the main disadvantage of the known two-jet plasmatron is the design of the plasma head used as an anode and cathode nodes. Firstly, this is due to the presence of a refractory insert placed on the axis of the nozzle. It is known that a refractory insert has low electrical and thermal conductivity and may be subject to erosion.
  • the design of the housing with a nozzle is formed by several electrically insulated diaphragms with coaxial holes.
  • rubber gaskets are used as electrical insulators, which under constant heating are subject to rapid aging, which can lead to premature unexpected head failure.
  • the manufacture of diaphragms and rubber gaskets requires high accuracy and makes special demands on the quality of the materials used. Even minor technological disruptions during assembly of a set of diaphragms can lead to their local overheating and to plasma contamination with diaphragm material.
  • the objective of the claimed technical solution is to develop a simple and reliable design of the head, suitable for use in an analytical gas plasmatron and free from these disadvantages.
  • This problem is solved in the head for an analytical gas plasmatron containing a housing with a nozzle, a power electrode coaxial with the nozzle, a cooling system for the nozzle and power electrode, and a device for supplying plasma-forming gas to the interelectrode chamber formed by the power electrode and the housing with the nozzle the fact that the nozzle and the power electrode are made in the form of axially symmetric equidistant thin-walled shells of a material with high electrical and thermal conductivity, the walls of which are part of the flow channels of the system emy cool.
  • the implementation of the nozzle and the power electrode in the form of thin-walled shells of a material with high electrical and heat conductivity, for example, copper, allows you to abandon the refractory insert and effectively remove heat directly from the heating zones of the head due to more efficient contact of the shell material with the coolant, which eliminates heating the nozzle and power electrode to a temperature at which they can evaporate and get into the sample.
  • the implementation of the power electrode and nozzle in the form of axially symmetric equidistant shells, made, for example, in the form of fragments of a ball or an ellipsoid of revolution eliminates the local breakdown and, therefore, uncontrolled local heating.
  • a hole in the channel of the cooling system is installed near the nozzle inside the thin-walled shell of the power electrode.
  • a hole in the channel of the cooling system is installed near the longitudinal axis of the nozzle inside a thin-walled shell of the nozzle.
  • the implementation of the nozzle and the power electrode in the form of cooled thin-walled shells makes it possible to efficiently remove heat from the zones of the maximum heating of the head, and therefore to ensure the purity of the plasma in the analytical zone.
  • Figure 1 presents a General view of the inventive head of the plasmatron.
  • Figure 2 and 3 presents embodiments of the inventive head of the plasmatron.
  • FIG. 4 presents a diagram of the formation of plasma flows during operation of a two-jet plasmatron.
  • the inventive device includes: a nozzle 1, consisting of a thin-walled shell 2 with a flow channel 3 formed by holes 4 and 5; a power electrode 6 consisting of a thin-walled shell 7 with a flow channel 8 formed by holes 9 and 10; a device for supplying plasma-forming gas, including a gas pipe 11 connected to a gas cavity 12, covering a power electrode 6, electrically isolated by an insulator 13 from the nozzle 1.
  • the scheme for the formation of plasma flows during operation of the two-jet plasmatron shown in Fig. 4 includes an anode head 14 and a cathode head 15, between which there is a fusion zone 16 of the plasma jets of heads into which the analyzed sample 17 is introduced.
  • the plasmatron works as follows. Between the power electrode 6 and the nozzle 1 in the anode 14 and cathode 15 heads, an ignition discharge is excited. By means of a plasma-forming gas entering the gas cavity 12 through the gas pipe 11 and exiting from the nozzle 1 of each head, plasma jets are formed, in the fusion zone 16 of which the arc current is shorted between the power electrodes 6 of the anode and cathode heads 14 and 15, as a result which achieves a temperature sufficient for evaporation, atomization and excitation of the analyzed sample 17.
  • the claimed device allows you to effectively cool the power electrodes and nozzles, which provides not only reliable and long-term operation of the plasmatron, but also maintains a high purity of the plasma into which the analyzed sample is fed.
  • the inventive head for the analytical gas plasmatron was made in the form of a prototype.
  • the sample fully confirmed the main advantages of the claimed device over the prototype in terms of efficient cooling of power electrodes and nozzles.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des instruments d'analyse destinés à la réalisation de l'analyse spectrale; elle peut s'utiliser dans des dispositifs d'atomisation et d'excitation des atomes d'échantillons analysés. Elle concerne notamment la tête d'un générateur de plasma gazeux analytique, qui comprend un boîtier et une buse (1) avec une électrode de force (6) disposées coaxialement, un système de refroidissement de la buse et de l'électrode de force ainsi qu'un dispositif (11) d'amenée du gaz formant le plasma dans une chambre entre électrodes (12), formée par l'électrode de force et le boîtier avec la buse. La nouveauté consiste en ce que la buse et l'électrode de force se présentent comme des enveloppes (2, 7) à parois minces axialement symétriques et équidistantes, faites de matériaux à conductivité électrique et thermique élevées, dont les parois font partie intégrante des canaux de circulation (3, 8) du système de refroidissement.
PCT/RU2007/000546 2006-10-18 2007-10-09 Tête de générateur de plasma gazeux analytique Ceased WO2008054246A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EA200802031A EA011792B1 (ru) 2006-10-18 2007-10-09 Головка для аналитического газового плазматрона

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2006136978/06A RU2366119C2 (ru) 2006-10-18 2006-10-18 Головка для аналитического газового плазматрона
RU2006136978 2006-10-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008054246A1 true WO2008054246A1 (fr) 2008-05-08

Family

ID=39344504

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2007/000546 Ceased WO2008054246A1 (fr) 2006-10-18 2007-10-09 Tête de générateur de plasma gazeux analytique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EA (1) EA011792B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2366119C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008054246A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2677223C2 (ru) * 2017-06-06 2019-01-16 федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет" (ФГАОУ ВО КФУ) Способ изготовления плазмообразующих головок шестиструйного плазматрона

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2053076C1 (ru) * 1991-04-08 1996-01-27 Российский институт технологии машиностроения "Сириус" Горелка для плазменной обработки
SU1669382A1 (ru) * 1988-06-29 1996-12-10 Г.И. Щербаков Электродуговой плазмотрон
US6121571A (en) * 1999-12-16 2000-09-19 Trusi Technologies Llc Plasma generator ignition circuit
RU55525U1 (ru) * 2006-02-17 2006-08-10 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Вмк-Оптоэлектроника" Двухструйный дуговой плазматрон для атомно-эмиссионного спектрального анализа
US20060196424A1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2006-09-07 Frank Swallow Plasma generating electrode assembly

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1669382A1 (ru) * 1988-06-29 1996-12-10 Г.И. Щербаков Электродуговой плазмотрон
RU2053076C1 (ru) * 1991-04-08 1996-01-27 Российский институт технологии машиностроения "Сириус" Горелка для плазменной обработки
US6121571A (en) * 1999-12-16 2000-09-19 Trusi Technologies Llc Plasma generator ignition circuit
US20060196424A1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2006-09-07 Frank Swallow Plasma generating electrode assembly
RU55525U1 (ru) * 2006-02-17 2006-08-10 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Вмк-Оптоэлектроника" Двухструйный дуговой плазматрон для атомно-эмиссионного спектрального анализа

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2677223C2 (ru) * 2017-06-06 2019-01-16 федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет" (ФГАОУ ВО КФУ) Способ изготовления плазмообразующих головок шестиструйного плазматрона

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA011792B1 (ru) 2009-06-30
RU2006136978A (ru) 2008-04-27
RU2366119C2 (ru) 2009-08-27
EA200802031A1 (ru) 2009-02-27

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