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WO2007128377A1 - Dispositif miroir pénétrant virtuel destiné à la visualisation d'objets virtuels dans des applications endoscopiques - Google Patents

Dispositif miroir pénétrant virtuel destiné à la visualisation d'objets virtuels dans des applications endoscopiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007128377A1
WO2007128377A1 PCT/EP2007/003205 EP2007003205W WO2007128377A1 WO 2007128377 A1 WO2007128377 A1 WO 2007128377A1 EP 2007003205 W EP2007003205 W EP 2007003205W WO 2007128377 A1 WO2007128377 A1 WO 2007128377A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
virtual
endoscopic
mirror
tracked
anatomy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2007/003205
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English (en)
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WO2007128377B1 (fr
Inventor
Nassir Navab
Christoph Bichlmeier
Marco Feuerstein
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE602007012852T priority Critical patent/DE602007012852D1/de
Priority to EP07724146A priority patent/EP2012698B8/fr
Priority to US12/297,148 priority patent/US20100210902A1/en
Priority to AT07724146T priority patent/ATE499894T1/de
Publication of WO2007128377A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007128377A1/fr
Publication of WO2007128377B1 publication Critical patent/WO2007128377B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
    • A61B1/00043—Operational features of endoscopes provided with output arrangements
    • A61B1/00045—Display arrangement
    • A61B1/0005—Display arrangement combining images e.g. side-by-side, superimposed or tiled
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; Determining position of diagnostic devices within or on the body of the patient
    • A61B5/061—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body
    • A61B5/064—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body using markers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/46—Arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient
    • A61B6/461—Displaying means of special interest
    • A61B6/466—Displaying means of special interest adapted to display 3D data
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/5211—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data
    • A61B6/5229—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data combining image data of a patient, e.g. combining a functional image with an anatomical image
    • A61B6/5247—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data combining image data of a patient, e.g. combining a functional image with an anatomical image combining images from an ionising-radiation diagnostic technique and a non-ionising radiation diagnostic technique, e.g. X-ray and ultrasound
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/547—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving tracking of position of the device or parts of the device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
    • A61B2034/2055—Optical tracking systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/364—Correlation of different images or relation of image positions in respect to the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/364—Correlation of different images or relation of image positions in respect to the body
    • A61B2090/365—Correlation of different images or relation of image positions in respect to the body augmented reality, i.e. correlating a live optical image with another image
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
    • A61B2090/371—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation with simultaneous use of two cameras
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
    • A61B2090/376—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation using X-rays, e.g. fluoroscopy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3983—Reference marker arrangements for use with image guided surgery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B90/361—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and to a virtual penetrating mirror device for visualizing virtual objects in endoscopic applications from arbitrary view points with substantial use in medical applications.
  • a major roadblock for using augmented reality in many medical and industrial applications is the fact that the user cannot take full advantage of the 3D virtual data. This usually requires the user to move the virtual object, which disturbs the real/virtual alignment, or to move his head around the real objects, which is not always possible and/or practical. This problem becomes more dramatic when a single camera is used for monitor based augmentation, such as in augmented endoscopic surgery.
  • EP06007724.5 relates to a method and to a virtual penetrating mirror device for visualizing virtual objects from arbitrary view points within an augmented reality environment, with substantial usefulness in medical and industrial applications.
  • EP06009222.8 relates to a method and to a device, which is a registration-free augmentation device, for collocating the view of a tracked endocope with an intraoperative reconstruction of anatomy for image guided surgery using an endoscope and a C-arm or another imaging device capable of intraoperative 3D or 4D reconstructions of anatomy with one or more co-registered tracking systems to localize the endoscope, the imaging device and its reconstructions, as well as additional surgical instruments in a common coordinate system.
  • the objective of the present invention is to remove the lack of ability of taking full advantage of the 3D virtual data for using augmented reality in endoscopic applications and the lack of shape information for endoscopic interventions targeting the inside of organs.
  • the invention achieves this objective using a virtual penetrating mirror device for visualizing virtual objects for endoscopy by proper application methods for interactive visualization of the augmented 3D data on a traditional endoscopic display or on the display of a monocular optical or video see-through augmented reality system.
  • this invention focuses on providing a 3D interactive visualization method for a monitor based augmented reality system. In such systems, at each moment the user observes the real world from one viewpoint. When the real scene is augmented with aligned virtual data, the user's view is still two dimensional.
  • an optically tracked cone-beam CT capable mobile C-arm is used during the intervention in a medical application to reconstruct a high-resolution 3D volume of the target region.
  • This volume is directly augmented on the live video of a tracked endoscope.
  • This method can be exemplarily applied, where it is essential to the surgeon to identify the correct vessels to be clipped in order to avoid bleeding, when for instance performing a liver resection.
  • a iodinated nonionic contrast agent is administered to the patient.
  • a C-arm acquisition is started immediately and synchronized with the contrast agent's penetration into the liver vessels.
  • the contrasted liver vessels are clearly visible in a reconstructed volume. Having C-arm and endoscope calibrated as well as registered in a common coordinate frame, the contrasted vessels can be directly augmented on the endoscopic video.
  • shape information is crucial, for instance when identifying vessel bifurcations, which can be ambiguous due to overlaps and occlusions in 2D.
  • a virtual mirror is used, which is placed inside the augmented view.
  • the endoscopic Virtual Mirror is able to virtually reflect the 3D volume as well as the endoscope or any other involved instruments, which are modelled and tracked.
  • missing shape information can be revealed through the perceptually familiar concept of a reflection onto the mirror.
  • the Endoscopic Virtual Mirror can also be manipulated by a tracked interaction device, the user could move it within the personal space.
  • the visual feedback provided by the reflection depends on exact position and motion of the endoscope and the mirror. Therefore, the observer senses spatial information of the objects through proprioception. This information is gathered from stimuli of sensory receptors, the so called proprioceptors, found in muscles, tendons and joint capsules and generates sensation about the observer's position in relation to his/her spatial environment.
  • This additional sensory information allows the user to better perceive the augmented 3D volume, its depth, exact dimensions, and complex structures. This new concept presents itself as an attractive alternative to more complex solutions based on stereo view and 3D displays.
  • a high-resolution intra-operative imaging data generated by a mobile C-arm with cone-beam CT imaging capability could be used. Both the C-arm and the endoscope are tracked and registered in a common world coordinate frame. After patient positioning, port placement, and carbon dioxide insufflation, a C-arm volume is reconstructed during patient exhalation and superimposed in real time on the endoscopic live video without any need of time-consuming or imprecise patient registration steps.
  • the method of a endoscopic virtual mirror is applied, which uses a virtual reflection plane augmented on the endoscopic live video that is able to visualize a reflected side view of the organ and its interior.
  • This enables the surgical staff to observe the 3D structure of for example blood vessels by moving the virtual mirror within the augmented monocular view of the endoscope.
  • Fig. 1 a schematic view of an exemplary augmented reality scene with required hardware set up
  • Fig. 2 a schematic view of an exemplary tracked endoscopic camera 2
  • Fig. 3 a schematic view of an exemplary tracked endoscopic instrument 3
  • Fig. 4 a schematic overview to get a view onto a display for image of endoscope 24
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary augmented reality scenario including a required hardware set up having an interactive virtual mirror 1, a 3D or 4D medical image of patient's anatomy 52 (shown in Fig. 4), a displaying device 21 and a display of displaying device 22, tracking system 4 and a tracked endoscopic camera 2, providing a endoscopic, augmented reality view on display of display device 22.
  • a device for medical imaging data acquisition 6 provides medical imaging data of a body 5 to visualize 3D virtual image of anatomy 52.
  • the tracked endoscopic camera 2 tracked by the tracking system 4 is inserted into the body 5 through the trocar for tracked endoscope 25 to capture video images of patient anatomy 51.
  • Endoscopic, real view on display 26 is combined with endoscopic virtual view on display 27 to generate the endoscopic augmented reality view on display 28.
  • At least one additional tracked endoscopic instrument 3 localized by the tracking system 4 is inserted through a trocar for tracked endoscopic instrument 35.
  • the interactive virtual mirror 1 is presented in a common coordinate system with the 3D or 4D medical image of patient's anatomy 52 and provides full integration and combined visualization of the reconstruction of the 3D or 4D medical image of patient's anatomy 52, the endoscopic image 21 and the virtual mirror 1 on the display of displaying device 22 and hence providing additional perspectives on the reconstructed 3D or 4D medical image of patient's anatomy 52 within the view of endoscopic image 21.
  • the 3D virtual image of anatomy 52 (shown in Fig. 4) is reconstructed intraoperatively in the same coordinate system as the tracking system 4 by a tracked device for medical imaging data acquisition 6.
  • the 3D virtual image of anatomy 52 can be reconstructed after a contrast injection.
  • Fig. 2 shows a tracked endoscopic camera 2 consisting of a camera 20 a tracking target of endoscope 23.
  • the tracking target of endoscope 23 consists of a set of markers of endoscope 24 to be tracked by the tracking system 4.
  • the tracked virtual mirror 1 can virtually be attached to the tracked endoscopic camera 2 and be interacted by the tracked endoscopic camera 2.
  • Fig. 3 shows an exemplary tracked endoscopic instrument 3 consisting of the endoscopic instrument 31 and a tracking target of endoscope instrument 32.
  • the tracking target of endoscopic instrument 32 consists of a set of markers of endoscopic instrument 33 to be tracked by the tracking system 4.
  • the tip of the endoscopic instrument 34 can be also be seen in the endoscopic, augmented reality view on display 28.
  • the tracked virtual mirror 1 can virtually be attached to the tracked endoscopic instrument 3 and be interacted by the tracked endoscopic instrument 3.
  • Fig. 4 shows the endoscopic, real view on display 26, the endoscopic, virtual view on display 27 and the combination of both, the endoscopic, augmented reality view on display 28 including the virtual mirror 1 on a display of display device 22.
  • the endoscopic, real view on display 26 shows the patient anatomy 51 inside the body 5 and the endoscopic instrument 31.
  • the endoscopic, virtual view on display 27 shows the 3D virtual image of anatomy 53 inside the body 5, the virtual, tracked endoscopic instrument 36 and the virtual mirror 1 with the image of the reflected virtual object by virtual mirror on display 12 and the image of the reflected virtual, tracked endoscopic instrument by virtual mirror on display 13.
  • the tracked virtual mirror 1 can virtually be guided by any interaction device like a computer mouse, keyboard and steering wheels.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
  • Instructional Devices (AREA)
  • Mirrors, Picture Frames, Photograph Stands, And Related Fastening Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif miroir pénétrant virtuel destiné à la visualisation d'objets virtuels dans des applications endoscopiques, comportant un miroir virtuel interactif (1), une image médicale 3D ou 4D de l'anatomie du patient (52), un système d'affichage (21), un écran (22) du système d'affichage, un système de suivi (4) et une caméra endoscopique suivie (2). La représentation du miroir virtuel interactif (1) dans un système de coordonnées commun, avec l'image médicale 3D ou 4D de l'anatomie du patient (52) permet une intégration complète et une visualisation combinée de la reconstruction de l'image médicale 3D ou 4D de l'anatomie du patient (52), de l'image endoscopique (26) et du miroir virtuel (1) sur l'écran (22) du système d'affichage.
PCT/EP2007/003205 2006-05-04 2007-04-11 Dispositif miroir pénétrant virtuel destiné à la visualisation d'objets virtuels dans des applications endoscopiques Ceased WO2007128377A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE602007012852T DE602007012852D1 (de) 2006-05-04 2007-04-11 Interaktive virtuelle Spiegelvorrichtung zur Visualisierung von virtuellen Objekten in endoskopischen Anwendungen
EP07724146A EP2012698B8 (fr) 2006-05-04 2007-04-11 Dispositif miroir virtuel interactif destiné à la visualisation d'objets virtuels dans des applications endoscopiques
US12/297,148 US20100210902A1 (en) 2006-05-04 2007-04-11 Virtual Penetrating Mirror Device and Method for Visualizing Virtual Objects in Endoscopic Applications
AT07724146T ATE499894T1 (de) 2006-05-04 2007-04-11 Interaktive virtuelle spiegelvorrichtung zur visualisierung von virtuellen objekten in endoskopischen anwendungen

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06009221.0 2006-05-04
EP06009221 2006-05-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007128377A1 true WO2007128377A1 (fr) 2007-11-15
WO2007128377B1 WO2007128377B1 (fr) 2008-02-21

Family

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PCT/EP2007/003205 Ceased WO2007128377A1 (fr) 2006-05-04 2007-04-11 Dispositif miroir pénétrant virtuel destiné à la visualisation d'objets virtuels dans des applications endoscopiques

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20100210902A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2012698B8 (fr)
AT (1) ATE499894T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE602007012852D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007128377A1 (fr)

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DE102010018291A1 (de) * 2010-04-26 2011-10-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Navigationssystem und Röntgensystem
EP2247230A4 (fr) * 2008-02-15 2013-05-15 Univ New York State Res Found Système et procédé d endoscopie à réalité virtuellement augmentée

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WO2018220930A1 (fr) * 2017-05-30 2018-12-06 オリンパス株式会社 Dispositif de traitement d'image
US20190254753A1 (en) 2018-02-19 2019-08-22 Globus Medical, Inc. Augmented reality navigation systems for use with robotic surgical systems and methods of their use
US12220176B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2025-02-11 Globus Medical, Inc. Extended reality instrument interaction zone for navigated robotic
US11992373B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2024-05-28 Globus Medical, Inc Augmented reality headset with varied opacity for navigated robotic surgery
US12133772B2 (en) 2019-12-10 2024-11-05 Globus Medical, Inc. Augmented reality headset for navigated robotic surgery
US11464581B2 (en) 2020-01-28 2022-10-11 Globus Medical, Inc. Pose measurement chaining for extended reality surgical navigation in visible and near infrared spectrums
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US11207150B2 (en) 2020-02-19 2021-12-28 Globus Medical, Inc. Displaying a virtual model of a planned instrument attachment to ensure correct selection of physical instrument attachment
US11607277B2 (en) 2020-04-29 2023-03-21 Globus Medical, Inc. Registration of surgical tool with reference array tracked by cameras of an extended reality headset for assisted navigation during surgery
US11510750B2 (en) 2020-05-08 2022-11-29 Globus Medical, Inc. Leveraging two-dimensional digital imaging and communication in medicine imagery in three-dimensional extended reality applications
US11382700B2 (en) 2020-05-08 2022-07-12 Globus Medical Inc. Extended reality headset tool tracking and control
US11153555B1 (en) 2020-05-08 2021-10-19 Globus Medical Inc. Extended reality headset camera system for computer assisted navigation in surgery
AU2021288756A1 (en) 2020-06-09 2023-01-19 Stryker Leibinger Gmbh & Co. Kg Spatially-aware displays for computer-assisted interventions
IT202000020347A1 (it) 2020-08-24 2022-02-24 Biagi Lorenzo Metodo e relativo strumento per personalizzazione di riesecuzione di sequenze video in un mondo virtuale
US11737831B2 (en) 2020-09-02 2023-08-29 Globus Medical Inc. Surgical object tracking template generation for computer assisted navigation during surgical procedure

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EP2247230A4 (fr) * 2008-02-15 2013-05-15 Univ New York State Res Found Système et procédé d endoscopie à réalité virtuellement augmentée
WO2011026958A1 (fr) * 2009-09-07 2011-03-10 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procédé de superposition d'une image intra-opératoire instantanée d'un champ opératoire avec une image préopératoire du champ opératoire
DE102010018291A1 (de) * 2010-04-26 2011-10-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Navigationssystem und Röntgensystem
DE102010018291B4 (de) 2010-04-26 2018-12-20 Siemens Healthcare Gmbh Navigationssystem und Röntgensystem

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ATE499894T1 (de) 2011-03-15
WO2007128377B1 (fr) 2008-02-21
EP2012698B8 (fr) 2011-06-22
US20100210902A1 (en) 2010-08-19
DE602007012852D1 (de) 2011-04-14

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