WO2007030034A1 - Device for fractionating liquids according to the densities thereof by means of a centrifuge method and a method for producing said device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to fractionating different density liquids by a centrifugal force action and can be used in the food, chemical, oil-refining and other industries and for producing heavy water. The inventive liquid fractionating device comprises a rotor arranged in a body on a drive shaft which is mounted on fixed supports. The shaft end sectors are provided with axial channels and the shaft supports are provided with holes for supplying and discharging a liquid. The front end wall of the rotor comprises a system of ducts for supplying a fractionatable initial liquid to the rotor cavity and ducts which are used for discharging a light fraction from the rotor are connected to the axial channel in the shaft front end sector. The rear wall cmprises a system of ducts consisting of respective ducts which are used for removing heavy and intermediate fractions from the rotor. A method for producing said device for centrifugally fractionating liquids according to the densities thereof is also disclosed. The invention makes it possible to carry out a quality and finer division of the initial liquid into three fractions in one operation and to reduce the time for dividing the liquid into greater number of fractions in comparison with known per se constructions. Said invention also makes it possible to efficiently separate heavy water and accurately remove it from the device during the liquid division into three fractions (light, intermediate and heavy) in such a way that the possibility of mixing said heavy water with other components is excluded.

Description

 PLANT FOR DIVIDING LIQUIDS BY DENSITY

CENTRIFUGATION METHOD

AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE

The invention relates to techniques for the separation of liquids into fractions with different densities under the action of centrifugal force. The invention can be used in food, chemical (in particular, in the separation of alcohols into component fractions), oil refining and other industries, as well as for the production of heavy water, which is used in nuclear physics and energy as a neutron moderator and coolant in nuclear reactors and is the starting material for the production of deuterium.

A known installation for separating liquids by centrifugation, comprising a housing mounted in the bearings of the drive shaft and a working rotor mounted in the housing on the drive shaft, as well as means for supplying the original fluid to the rotor and means for withdrawing the fractions resulting from the separation of the liquid from the installation (patent US 5182031, 1993). The design of the known installation allows you to separate the liquid into only two fractions.

A known installation for separating a liquid into fractions with different densities of a centrifugal type, comprising a rotor having channels located in the upper part of its body and fixed nozzles for draining fractions, and a feed pipe for the source liquid mounted along the axis of the rotor coaxially to these nozzles. The initial liquid to be separated is fed through the feed pipe into the rotor and, after separation, is withdrawn from the installation in the form of two fractions with different densities (patent SU 1667628, 1991).

The closest analogue to the claimed invention is an apparatus for separating liquids by density centrifugation method comprising a housing, a drive shaft and a working rotor mounted to rotate in the housing on the drive shaft and having a front an end wall located on the front support side and a rear end wall located on the rear support side. The initial liquid is supplied to the rotor through the feed pipe and is divided under the action of centrifugal forces into light and heavy fractions. The light fraction through the hole in the rotor enters the collector, and the heavy accumulates in the peripheral part of the rotor and is discharged through the annular gap in the end part of the rotor (patent RU 2039610, 1995). The design of this known installation also provides separation of the liquid into only two fractions, which does not allow its use in industries requiring a finer separation in one pass of the liquid. Each of the obtained fractions can be re-sent for separation in a known installation. However, in the end, to separate the initial liquid into the required number of fractions, a multiple of two, it will take considerable time, which is necessary for the subsequent separation of the fraction obtained at the previous stage into its components. The proposal for patent RU 2039610 can be accepted as an analogue to the method of manufacturing a unit for separating liquids by density by centrifugation, as it provides for the preliminary formation of the components of the installation: a housing with load-bearing walls, a shaft, front and rear supports for the shaft, cylindrical rotor and front and the rear end walls of the rotor, and the subsequent assembly of the installation.

The invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating such an installation, which would ensure the separation of the initial liquid by centrifugation into three fractions by density in one pass through the installation.

The technical result that is achieved during the implementation of the invention is to increase the productivity of the installation, to ensure high-quality and finer separation of the initial liquid into three fractions in one pass, in reducing the time to separate the liquid into a larger number of fractions in comparison with the known constructions. The installation also allows for the separation of water into three fractions according to density (heavy, medium and light) to efficiently separate heavy water and carefully remove it from the installation, eliminating the possibility of mixing with other components. In addition, the light water obtained as a result of separation is close in composition to the water of high mountain rivers, glacial and snow melt water. When drinking light water as drinking water, metabolism is normalized, the body's defenses are strengthened, the body is cleansed of metabolic products, endotoxins and poisons, skin nutrition is improved, fat and carbohydrate metabolism is normalized.

To achieve the technical result, a device is proposed for separating liquids by density centrifugation into fractions, defined below as the heavy fraction corresponding to the component of the liquid with the highest density value, the light fraction corresponding to the component of the liquid with the lowest density value, and the middle fraction whose density is lower than the density heavy fraction and higher density of the light fraction. The installation comprises a housing, a drive shaft mounted in front and rear bearings, fixedly mounted on the housing, and a rotor mounted to rotate in the housing on the drive shaft and having a front end wall located on the side of the front support, and a rear end wall located with sides of a back support. The front and rear end portions of the shaft have axial channels. The front and rear shaft supports have holes, respectively, for supplying and draining fluid. The front end wall of the rotor has a system of passages for feeding the source fluid to be divided into fractions into the rotor cavity, communicating on one side with a hole for supplying fluid made in the front shaft support, and on the other hand with outlet openings made in the front end wall serving to supply the original fluid in the rotor, and also has passages for drainage from the rotor light fractions communicating with the axial channel in the front end portion of the shaft. A system of passages is provided in the rear end wall, which includes respectively passages for draining the heavy fraction and the middle fraction from the rotor. Passages for removal of the heavy fraction from the rotor are communicated on one side with those made in the rear end wall, in the accumulation zone as a result of separation of the heavy fraction liquid, with openings used to discharge the heavy fraction from the rotor, and on the other hand with an axial channel in the rear end section of the shaft . The passages for drainage from the rotor of the middle fraction communicate on one side with the rotor cavity in the accumulation zone, as a result of separation of the liquid, the middle fraction, and on the other hand with the hole for draining the liquid in the rear shaft support.

Advantageously, radial blades are rotatably mounted in the rotor cavity with the rotor.

Radial blades are mainly fixed in the end walls of the rotor.

Preferably, the radial blades should be installed at the same angle with respect to each other.

Outlets made in the front end wall and serving to supply the source fluid to the rotor are located on one circumference.

Preferably, these outlet openings are in the form of arched gaps.

The system of passages in the front end wall of the rotor for feeding the source fluid to be divided into fractions into the rotor cavity includes an annular cavity made in the middle part of the end wall around the shaft axis and openings located at least along one circumference, communicating with the fluid supply opening made in the front shaft support, and with an annular cavity, and also includes an annular pocket surrounding the annular cavity and communicating on one side with outlet openings made in the front end wall and used to supply fluid to the rotor, and on the other hand, with an annular cavity through the channels, while the annular pocket is divided into sectors by radial ribs serving to pump the liquid to be divided into the rotor through the outlet openings in the front end the wall.

The passages in the rear end wall of the rotor designed to discharge the heavy fraction from the rotor include those made in this end wall around the axis of the shaft: an annular pocket communicating with holes in the rear end wall serving to discharge the heavy fraction from the rotor, an annular cavity communicating with the axial channel the rear end of the shaft, and located at least one circumference of the hole through which the annular pocket and the annular cavity communicate with each other.

The passages for withdrawal from the rotor of the middle fraction include those made in the rear end wall around the axis of the shaft: an annular gap communicating with the rotor cavity in the accumulation zone, as a result of liquid separation, the middle fraction, an annular pocket communicating with the annular gap, an annular cavity communicating with this an annular pocket through the channels, and openings located at least along one circumference, communicating on one side with the annular cavity, and on the other, with a fluid drain hole made in the rear shaft support.

The installation also contains two pipes located one in the other and with a gap between them, mounted coaxially to the shaft in the rotor cavity outside the liquid separation zone and fixed in the end walls of the rotor, while the gap between the pipes from the side of the rear end wall is in communication with the rotor cavity in the accumulation zone, as a result of separation of the liquid, light fraction, and from the front end wall, with passages for draining the light fraction from the rotor.

The passages for removal of the light fraction from the rotor include: made in the front end wall of the rotor and located along circles on the way out of the light fraction from the gap between the bore pipes, and an annular cavity communicating on the one hand with these holes, and on the other with the axial channel of the front end portion of the shaft.

A method is also proposed for manufacturing an apparatus for separating liquids by density centrifugation into fractions, hereinafter referred to as the heavy fraction corresponding to the component of the liquid with the highest density value, the light fraction corresponding to the component of the liquid with the lowest density value, and the middle fraction whose density is lower than the density of the heavy fraction and more light density. The method consists in preliminarily forming the constituent parts of the installation: the housing, the drive shaft, the front and rear bearings for the shaft, the rotor and the front and rear end walls of the rotor. Then, the installation is carried out by mounting the front and rear bearings for the shaft on the corresponding parts of the housing, installing the shaft complete with the rotor and end walls in the bearings using bearings. When the shaft is formed, axial channels are made in its front and rear end sections, and holes for the passage of fluid are made in the front and rear bearings for the shaft. When forming the front end wall, it is shaped like a disk with an internal end surface, which, when the front wall in the rotor is installed, will face the rotor cavity, and the external end surface, holes are made in the disk that have access to the internal end surface of the disk, and a passage system is formed in the disk for the original fluid supplied to the separation, communicating with the holes in this disk and having access to the outer end surface of this disk for communication with the hole for the passage of liquid in front s support for the shaft, as well as passages for the light liquid fraction by performing them with one hand with the output providing the inner the end surface of the disk, and on the other, providing access to the outer end surface of the disk for communication with the axial channel in the front end portion of the shaft. When forming the rear end wall, it is shaped into a disk with an internal end surface, which, when the rear wall in the rotor is installed, will face the rotor cavity, and the external end surface, make holes in this disk with access to the internal end surface of the disk, form in this disk passages for the heavy fraction, communicating them on one side with holes in the disk having access to the inner end surface of the disk, and providing on the other hand their exit to the outer end surface of the disk for messages with the axial channel in the rear end portion of the shaft, and also form passages for the middle fraction in this disk, performing them on the one hand, providing access to the inner end surface of the disk, and on the other hand, communicating with an opening for fluid passage in the rear support for shaft.

When forming in the front end wall of the system of passages for the source liquid, the first annular recess and the second annular recess surrounding it are made in the middle part of the disk, the recesses are drowned from the side of their open ends, thus creating an annular cavity and an annular pocket, respectively; at least one circle, the center of which coincides with the center of the disk, form holes with their exit into the annular cavity and with the possibility of their communication with the hole for the passage of fluid made in the front support for the shaft, while making holes in the disk with access to the inner end surface of the disk, provide their access to the annular pocket, which communicate with the annular cavity through the channels. Radial ribs are made in the cavity of the annular pocket, dividing the annular pocket into sectors.

When forming in the front end wall of the system of passages for light fluid, an annular recess is made in the middle part of the disk and drown it from the side of the open end, thus creating an annular cavity, the exit from which is performed with the possibility of communication of this cavity with the axial channel of the front end portion of the shaft, holes are made in the disk with their circumference, the center of which coincides with the center of the disk, and when doing holes provide their exit into the annular cavity.

When forming a system of passages for the heavy fraction in the rear end wall, the first annular recess and the second annular recess surrounding it are made in the disk, the recesses are drowned from the side of their open ends, thereby creating an annular cavity and an annular pocket, respectively; at least one circumference, the center of which coincides with the center of the disk, form holes with their exit into the annular cavity and into the annular pocket, while when making holes in the disk having access to the inner end surface of the disk, they provide access to the annular pocket.

When forming a system of passages for the middle fraction in the rear end wall, the first annular recess and the second annular recess surrounding it are made in the disk, the recesses are drowned from the side of their open ends, thus creating an annular cavity and an annular pocket, respectively; inform the annular pocket with the annular cavity through the channels, perform in the disk at least one circumference of the hole, ensuring their exit into the annular cavity and allowing them to communicate with the fluid passage hole made in the rear shaft support, is performed on the inner end the surface of the disk annular gap with its exit into the annular pocket

When assembling the installation in the rotor, the blades are placed radially to the rotor and they are fixed in the end walls of the rotor.

The installation additionally uses two pipes of different diameters, which, when assembling the installation, are placed one in the other with a gap between them and coaxially with respect to each other and to the drive shaft and fixed in the end walls of the rotor.

The removal of the heavy, medium and light fractions of the liquid obtained by separation in the rotor through the openings and passages provided in the end walls of the rotor for each fraction, respectively, eliminates the possibility of mixing the fractions with each other and ensures careful selection of each of the fractions from the corresponding rotor zone.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where: in FIG. 1 shows a device for separating liquids by centrifuging the densities into three fractions, side view; in FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the installation along A - A in FIG. one ; in FIG. 3 - fragment G in FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 - fragment E in FIG. 2; in FIG. 5 - fragment F in FIG. 2; in FIG. 6 is a view of the front end wall of the rotor from the side of its outer surface; in FIG. 7 is a sectional view along the front end wall of the rotor along B - B in FIG. 6; in FIG. 8 is a view of the front end wall of the rotor from the side of its inner surface; in FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the front end wall of the rotor along J - J in FIG. 8; in FIG. 10 - fragment C in FIG. 9; Fig 11 is a view of the rear end wall of the rotor from the side of its outer surface; in FIG. 12 is a sectional view along the H-H in FIG. eleven ; in FIG. 13 - fragment K in FIG. 12; in FIG. 14 is a view of the rear end wall of the rotor from its side inner surface; in FIG. 15 is a sectional view along the L-L of the rotor rear end wall in FIG. fourteen; on Fig 16 - installation, side view with a place for installing the engine.

The installation is designed to separate liquids by centrifugation according to densities into three fractions. These fractions are designated hereinafter as the heavy fraction, the middle fraction and the light fraction.

A heavy fraction is understood to be such a fraction of the liquid (component of the liquid) that has the highest density value. Under the light fraction is understood such a fraction of the liquid (component of the liquid), which has the lowest density value. By the middle fraction is meant such a fraction of the liquid (component of the liquid) whose density is less than the density of the heavy fraction and more than the density of the light fraction. The source fluid is understood to mean the fluid supplied to the unit to separate it into component fractions.

The installation comprises a housing 1, a drive shaft 2 mounted by means of rolling bearings 3 and 4 in the front 5 and rear 6 bearings, fixedly mounted on the housing 1.

Inside the housing 1 is installed a cylindrical rotor 7, driven in rotation from the shaft 2. The axis of the rotor 7 and the shaft 2 are located horizontally. The rotor 7 has a front end wall 8 located on the side of the front support 5, and a rear end wall 9 located on the side of the rear support 6.

The front end portion 10 of the shaft 2 has an axial channel 11 and the rear end portion 12 of the shaft has an axial channel 13.

In the front support 5 of the shaft 2, a hole 14 is provided for supplying the initial fluid to the installation. In the rear support 6 of the shaft 2 has a hole 15, designed to drain the fluid. A system of passages is provided in the front end wall 8 of the rotor 7 for supplying the source fluid to be divided into fractions into the cavity 16 of the rotor 7, as well as passages for withdrawing a light fraction from the rotor 7.

A system of passages is provided in the rear end wall 9, which includes, respectively, passages for draining the heavy fraction and the middle fraction from the rotor 7.

The system of passages in the front end wall 8 of the rotor 7 for feeding the source fluid divided into fractions into the cavity of the rotor 7 includes an annular cavity 17, a space 17a, a plurality of holes 18 located on the same circumference and made in the middle part of the end wall 8 around the axis of the shaft 2 pocket 19. The annular pocket 19 is located concentrically with the annular cavity 17 and is closer to the peripheral part of the end wall 8 than the annular cavity 17.

From the annular pocket 19 there is an exit to the cavity 16 of the rotor 7 through the outlet openings 20, which are made in the peripheral part of the front end wall 8. In addition, the annular pocket 19 communicates with the annular cavity 17 through the channels 21. The holes 18 on one side communicate with the annular cavity 17, and on the other hand, have an exit to an opening 14 made in the front support 5 of the shaft 2. The annular pocket 19 is divided into sectors by radial ribs 22, which serve to pump the liquid to be divided into the rotor 7 through the outlet openings 20.

Outlets 20, made in the peripheral part of the front end wall 8, may be located on one circumference or along several concentric circles and may have a cylindrical shape, the shape of an arcuate slit, or any other suitable shape.

The passages in the rear end wall 9 of the rotor 7, intended for removal of the heavy fraction from the rotor, include those made in this end wall around the axis of the shaft 2: an annular pocket 23, an annular cavity 24 and openings 25 located at least on one circumference. In the peripheral part of the rear end wall 9 at the level of the accumulation zone in the heavy fraction rotor, holes 26 are made that serve to exit the heavy fraction from the rotor 7. The holes 26 can be located on one circumference or several concentric circles and can have a cylindrical shape, the shape of an arcuate gap or any other acceptable form.

The holes 26 have an exit to the annular pocket 23, and the annular cavity 24 communicates through the passage 24a with the axial channel 13 of the rear end portion 12 of the shaft 2. The holes 25 on one side have an exit into the annular pocket 23, and on the other into the annular cavity 24 and communicate Thus, between each other an annular pocket 23 and an annular cavity 24.

Passages for removal from the middle fraction rotor 7 include those made in the rear end wall 9 about the axis of the shaft 2: an annular slot 27, an annular pocket 28, an annular cavity 29, and openings 30 located at least in one circumference.

The annular gap 27 communicates with the rotor cavity in the accumulation zone of the middle fraction and has an exit into the annular pocket 28. The annular cavity 29 communicates with the annular pocket 28 through the channels 31. The openings 30 have an exit to the annular cavity 29 on the one hand and through a space 30a with a hole 15 for draining the fluid, made in the rear support 6 of the shaft 2.

The passages for removal of the light fraction from the rotor include: holes 32 made in the front end wall 8 of the rotor 7 and arranged in a circle and an annular cavity 33. The annular cavity 33 communicates with the openings 32 on one side and has an exit through the channel 33a on the other to the axial channel 11 of the front end portion 10 of the shaft 2.

Inside the rotor 7 there are two pipes 34 and 35 located coaxially to the shaft 2 and one in the other, between which there is a gap 36. The pipes 34 and 35 are fixed in the end walls 8 and 9 of the rotor 7. The gap 36 between the pipes 34 and 35 on the side of the rear end wall 9 is in communication with the cavity of the rotor 7 in the accumulation zone, as a result of separation of the liquid, the light fraction, and on the side of the front end wall 8, with passages for draining the light fraction from the rotor.

In the cavity of the rotor 7 are installed with the possibility of rotation together with the rotor radial blades 37, which are fixed in the openings provided in the end walls 8 and 9 of the rotor. The blades 37 can be installed both at the same angle with respect to each other, and at different angles.

To prevent the outflow of liquid and fractions during the separation process, the installation provides sealing means (stuffing box packing).

The engine, which drives the shaft 2, is installed in place 43. The motor shaft has an axial channel for outputting the heavy fraction coming from channel 13.

The end walls 8 and 9 are connected to the shaft 2 by a spline connection 44.

The manufacture of the proposed installation is as follows.

The components of the installation are preliminarily formed: a housing 1 with bearing walls 38, a drive shaft 2, a front 5 and a back 6 bearings for the shaft 2, a cylindrical rotor 7 and a front 8 and a rear 9 end walls of the rotor 7.

When forming the shaft in its front 10 and rear 12 end sections, axial channels 11 and 13 are formed. In the front 5 and rear 6 bearings for the shaft 2, holes 14 and 15 are made for the passage of fluid.

When forming the front end wall 8, it is shaped like a circular disk with an inner end surface 39, which, when the front wall in the rotor 7 is installed, will face the cavity 16 of the rotor 7, and the outer end surface 40. In the peripheral part of the disk, holes 20 are made having access to the inner end surface 39 of the disk.

A system of passages is formed in the disk for the source fluid supplied to the separation, communicating with the holes 20 and having an exit to the outer end surface 40 of the disk for communication with the hole 14 for the passage of fluid in the front support for the shaft 2.

In addition, passages for a light liquid fraction are formed in this disk, performing them on the one hand providing access to the inner end surface 39 of the disk, and on the other hand, providing access to the outer end surface 40 of the disk for communication with the axial channel 11 in the front end shaft section 2.

When forming in the front end wall 8 a system of passages for the source fluid is performed, for example, by milling, in the middle part of the disk, the first annular recess and the second annular recess surrounding it. The recesses from the open ends are drowned out with a piece of metal welded to the disk. As a result, an annular cavity 17 and an annular pocket 19 are formed. At least one circle, the center of which coincides with the center of the disk, holes 18 are formed with their exit into the annular cavity 17. When making holes 20 in the peripheral part of the disk, they exit into the annular pocket 19 , which communicate with the annular cavity 17 through channels 21.

When forming in the front end wall 8 of the system of passages for light fluid, an annular recess is made in the middle part of the disk and drowned from the side of the open end with a piece of metal welded to the disk. As a result, an annular cavity 33 is created. In addition, holes 32 are made in the disk with their arrangement in a circle, the center of which coincides with the center of the disk, while ensuring that the holes 32 exit into the annular cavity 33.

When forming the rear end wall 9, it is shaped like a circular disk with an inner end surface 41, which, when the installation of the rear wall 9 in the rotor 7 will be facing the cavity 16 of the rotor, and the outer end surface 42.

In the peripheral part of the disk, holes 26 are made having access to the inner end surface 41 of the disk. The passages for the heavy fraction are formed in the disk, which communicate on one side with holes 26 in the peripheral part of the disk. At the same time, on the other hand, passages are provided to the outer end surface 42 of the disk for communication with the axial channel 13 in the rear end portion 12 of the shaft 2. In the same disk, passages for the middle fraction are formed, performing them on one side, providing access to the inner end surface 41 of the disk, and on the other hand with a hole 15 for the passage of fluid in the rear support 6 for the shaft 2.

When forming a system of passages for the heavy fraction in the rear end wall 9, a first annular recess and a second annular recess surrounding it are formed in the disk. The recesses are muffled from the side of their open ends, thus creating, respectively, an annular cavity 24 and an annular pocket 23. At least one circumference, the center of which coincides with the center of the disk, form holes 25 with their exit into the annular cavity 24 and into the annular pocket 23 By making holes 20 in the peripheral part of the disk, they exit into the annular pocket 23.

When forming a system of passages for the middle fraction in the rear end wall 9, a first annular recess and a second annular recess surrounding it are formed in the disk. The recesses are muffled from the side of their open ends and thus create an annular cavity 29 and an annular pocket 28, respectively. An annular pocket 28 is communicated with an annular cavity 29 through channels 31. Openings 30 are arranged in a disk around a circle, providing their exit into the annular cavity 29. On the inner end surface 41 of the disk perform an annular gap 27 with its exit into the annular pocket 28. Assemble the installation. The process of liquid separation in the proposed installation is shown by the example of separation of water into three fractions by density. Pre-filtered, when passing through a mechanical cleaning filter, the source water is fed into the hole 14 made in the front support 5 of the shaft 2. From the hole 14, water enters the space 14a and then into the passage system made in the front end wall 8 and through the outlet openings 20, is fed into the cavity 16 of the rotor 7. Under the influence of the centrifugal field of the rotating rotor 7, water is separated, and its components occupy the following positions in the rotor: heavy water (heavy fraction of water), having a density of 1.104 g / cm ² , accumulates arises at the inner surface of the rotor 7; medium water (average fraction of water), having a density of 1 g / cm, is collected in the middle part of the working cavity of the rotor 7 and light water (light fraction of water), whose density is lower than the density of medium water, accumulates in the lower part of the working cavity of the rotor.

Heavy water is discharged from the rotor cavity through holes 26 and through a system of passages made in the rear end wall 9 (annular pocket 23, holes 25 and annular cavity 24), enters the axial channel 13, made in the rear end section of the shaft 12, and is guided through channel 13 into the collector for heavy water.

The middle water is discharged from the rotor cavity through the annular slot 27 and then through the passages (annular pocket 28, annular cavity 29 and holes 30) enters the hole 15, made in the rear support 6 and is discharged into the collector for medium water.

Light water, as it accumulates in the lower part of the cavity of the rotor 7, moves towards the front end wall 8 and is discharged through the holes 32 made in this wall, the annular cavity 33 and the channel 33a into the axial channel 11 of the front end section 10 of the shaft 2, from where it merges in a collection of light water. If two pipes 34 and 35 are installed in the rotor, light water, as it accumulates in the area adjacent to the pipe 34, enters the gap 36 between the pipes and moves inside this gap towards the front end wall 8. The lighter water is discharged through those made in the wall 8 holes 32, the annular cavity 33 and the channel 33A into the axial channel 11 of the front end portion 10 of the shaft 2, from where it merges into the light water collector.

Claims

CLAIM 1. Installation for separating liquids by density centrifugation into three fractions, hereinafter defined as the heavy fraction corresponding to the liquid fraction with the highest density, the light fraction corresponding to the liquid fraction with the lowest density, and the middle fraction whose density is lower than the density of the heavy fraction and higher density of the light fraction, comprising a housing, a drive shaft mounted in front and rear bearings, fixedly mounted on the housing, and a rotor mounted with the possibility of in the housing on the drive shaft and having a front end wall located on the side of the front support and a rear end wall located on the side of the rear support, characterized in that the front and rear end portions of the shaft have axial channels, the front and rear shaft supports have holes accordingly, for supplying and draining the liquid, the front end wall of the rotor has a system of passages for supplying the source liquid divided into fractions into the rotor cavity, communicating on one side with the hole for supplying liquid, nested in the front shaft support, and on the other hand with outlet openings made in the front end wall, which serve to supply the initial fluid to the rotor, and also has passages for withdrawing light fraction from the rotor, communicating with the axial channel in the front end section of the shaft, in the rear the end wall is provided with a system of passages, respectively including passages for the removal of the heavy fraction and the middle fraction from the rotor, while the passages for the removal of the heavy fraction from the rotor are connected on one side to the rear ends on the wall, in the accumulation zone as a result of separation of the heavy fraction liquid, with openings for discharging the heavy fraction from the rotor, and on the other hand with an axial channel in the rear end portion of the shaft, passageways for withdrawing from the rotor of the middle fraction are communicated on one side with the rotor cavity in the accumulation zone, as a result of the separation of the liquid, the middle fraction, and on the other hand with the hole for draining the liquid in the rear shaft support, 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that in the cavity of the rotor radial blades are mounted with the possibility of rotation together with the rotor. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the radial blades are fixed in the end walls of the rotor. 4. Installation according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the radial blades are installed at the same angle with respect to each other. 5. Installations according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet openings made in the front end wall and serving to supply the source fluid to the rotor are located on one circumference. 6. Installations according to claim 5, characterized in that the outlet openings are made in the form of arched gaps. 7. Installation according to one of p. 1, 5, 6, characterized in that the system of passages in the front end wall of the rotor for feeding the source fluid divided into fractions into the rotor cavity includes an annular cavity made in the middle of the end wall around the shaft axis and located at least along one circumference, the holes communicating with the fluid supply hole made in the front shaft support and with the annular cavity, and also includes an annular pocket surrounding the annular cavity and communicating on one side with the outlet openings They are made in the front end wall and serve to supply fluid to the rotor, and on the other hand, with an annular cavity through the channels. 8. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the annular pocket is divided into sectors by radial ribs serving to inject the shared fluid into the rotor through the outlet openings in the front end wall. 9. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the passages in the rear end wall of the rotor intended for removal of the heavy fraction from the rotor include those made in this end wall around the axis of the shaft: an annular pocket communicating with holes in the rear end wall, used for exhaust heavy fraction from the rotor, an annular cavity communicating with the axial channel of the rear end portion of the shaft, and at least one circumference of the hole through which the annular pocket and the annular cavity communicate with each other. 10. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the passages for withdrawal from the rotor of the middle fraction include those made in the rear end wall around the axis of the shaft: an annular gap communicating with the rotor cavity in the accumulation zone, as a result of the separation of the liquid, the middle fraction, the annular pocket communicating with the annular gap, an annular cavity communicating with this annular pocket through channels, and openings located at least along one circumference, communicating on one side with the annular cavity, and on the other with an opening for draining the liquid, performed in the rear shaft support. 11. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two pipes located one in another and with a gap between them, mounted coaxially to the shaft in the rotor cavity outside the liquid separation zone and fixed in the end walls of the rotor, while the gap between the pipes is on the side the rear end wall communicates with the cavity of the rotor in the accumulation zone, as a result of separation of the liquid, the light fraction, and from the side of the front end wall with passages for draining the light fraction from the rotor. 12. Installation according to p. 11, characterized in that the passages for exhaust from the rotor of the light fraction include: made in the front end wall of the rotor and located around the circumference on the way the light fraction leaves the gap between the pipes of the hole, and an annular cavity in communication with on the one hand with these holes, and on the other with the axial channel of the front end portion of the shaft. 13. A method of manufacturing a device for separating liquids by density centrifugation into fractions, hereinafter defined as the heavy fraction corresponding to the component of the liquid with the highest density value, the light fraction corresponding to the component of the liquid with the lowest density value, and the middle fraction whose density is less than the density of the heavy fraction and more density of the light fraction, namely, that the components of the installation are preliminarily formed: a housing, a drive shaft, a front and rear support the shaft, the rotor and the front and rear end wall of the rotor, and produce Fitting assembly mount carrying the front and rear supports for the shaft. on the corresponding parts of the housing, the installation of the shaft complete with the rotor and the end walls in the bearings using bearings, characterized in that when forming the shaft in its front and rear end sections, axial channels are performed, holes are provided for the passage of fluid in the front and rear bearings for the shaft, when forming the front end wall, it is shaped like a disk with an internal end surface, which, when the front wall in the rotor is installed, will face the rotor cavity, and the outer end surface, they open holes in the disk that have access to the inner end surface of the disk, form a system of passages for the source liquid in the disk, supplied to the separation communicating with the holes in this disk and have access to the outer end surface of this disk to communicate with the hole for the passage of liquid in the front support for the shaft, as well as passages for a light fraction of the liquid, performing them on the one hand to provide access to the inner end surface of the disk, and on the other to provide access to the outer end surface s drive to communicate with the axial channel to the front end portion of the shaft, the formation of the rear end wall they give it the shape of a disk with an inner end surface, which, when the back wall in the rotor is installed, will face the rotor cavity, and the outer end surface, make holes in this disk that have an exit to the inner end surface of the disk, form passages for the heavy fraction in this disk, communicating them on the one hand with holes in the disk having access to the inner end surface of the disk, and providing on the other hand their exit to the outer end surface of the disk for communication with the axial channel at the rear end PTO shaft portion, and passages formed in the disk to the middle fraction, carrying them on the one hand with the output providing the inner end surface of the disc, and on the other - according to the hole for the passage of fluid in the rear bearing for the shaft. 14. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that when forming in the front end wall of the system of passages for the source fluid, the first annular recess and the second annular recess surrounding it are made in the middle part of the disk, the recesses are drowned from the side of their open ends, thus creating accordingly annular cavity and annular pocket; at least one circle, the center of which coincides with the center of the disk, form holes with their exit into the annular cavity and with the possibility of their communication with the hole for the passage of fluid made in the front support for the shaft, while making holes in the disk with access to the inner end surface of the disk, provide their access to the annular pocket, which communicate with the annular cavity through the channels. 15. The method according to p. 14, characterized in that in the cavity of the annular pocket perform radial ribs dividing the annular pocket into sectors. 16. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that when forming in the front end wall of the system of passages for light fluid, an annular recess is made in the middle part of the disk and drowned with side of the open end, thus creating an annular cavity, the exit from which is performed with the possibility of communication of this cavity with the axial channel of the front end portion of the shaft, holes are made in the disk with their circumference, the center of which coincides with the center of the disk, and when making holes provide them exit to the annular cavity. 17. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that when forming a system of passages for the heavy fraction in the rear end wall, a first annular recess and a second annular recess surrounding it are made in the disk, the recesses are drowned from the side of their open ends, thereby creating a corresponding annular cavity and a ring pocket; at least one circumference, the center of which coincides with the center of the disk, form holes with their exit into the annular cavity and into the annular pocket, while when making holes in the disk having access to the inner end surface of the disk, they provide access to the annular pocket. 18. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that when the system of passages for the middle fraction is formed in the rear end wall, the first annular recess and the second annular recess surrounding it are formed, the recesses are drowned from the side of their open ends, thereby creating, respectively, an annular cavity and a ring pocket; inform the annular pocket with the annular cavity through the channels, perform in the disk at least one circumference of the hole, ensuring their exit into the annular cavity and allowing them to communicate with the fluid passage hole made in the rear shaft support, is performed on the inner end the surface of the disk annular gap with its exit into the annular pocket 19. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that when assembling the installation in the rotor, the blades are placed radially to the rotor and they are fixed in the end walls of the rotor. 20. The method according to p. 13, characterized in that the installation additionally uses two pipes of different diameters, which, when assembling the installation, are placed one in the other with a gap between them and coaxially with respect to each other and to the drive shaft and fixed in the end walls of the rotor .