WO2007093296A2 - Anhydrous oil formulations for arthropod and plathelminth control - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a formulation for arthropod and plathelminth control based on piperidine derivatives in anhydrous oil formulations.

Description

 Anhydrous oil formulation for arthropod and platelet defenses

The present invention relates to a formulation for Arthropoden- and Plathelminthen- defense based on piperidine derivatives in anhydrous oil formulations.

It is known from EP 0 281 908 A1 and EP 0 289 842 A1 that certain piperidine derivatives can be used as agents for repelling arthropods (in particular insects) and helminthic parasites. As one of the most important structures, the compound has been found 1- piperidinecarboxylic-2-hydroxyethyl-l-methylpropyl and established on the market under the drug name and Icaridin Bayrepel ^®. However, this compound is not used as a pure substance, but distributed as a formulated liquid in the form of lotion. The usual concentrations of the active ingredient here are 1 to 40% based on the mass of the formulation.

As stable formulations have here lotions based on these piperidine compounds and water and a volatile alcohol component established. As alcohol, physiologically compatible volatile solvents are used here. In addition to phenethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol, these include monofunctional and polyfunctional aliphatic alcohols (alkanols, alkanediols, alkanetriols). These are, for example, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, ethylene or propylene oxide based copolymeric polyether polyols (both block copolymers and random copolymers), 2-ethyl-1,3 Hexanediol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, etc.

As an example of the state of this art, the following solubility series is given from a ternary system (icaridine, alcohol, water). These mixtures give each stable lotions. In addition to the stability, the viscosity of the formulations was determined in accordance with DIN 53019 of November 1983:

^]) Due to the measuring system it could only be stated for different formulations that their viscosity values are below 10 mPas. These lotions thus have a very low viscosity as a significant technical disadvantage. In some cases, this is so low that the viscosity is outside the measuring range of viscosity measuring instruments. Therefore, a targeted and consistent product order is problematic for the consumer. Another technical disadvantage of the lotions is the very high ethanol content. This leads to a deterioration in cosmetic properties (skin irritation). These offer a significant advantage, since the proportion of irritating Formulierbestandteile can be significantly reduced.

As an alternative, anhydrous oil formulations have become established in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. They consist essentially of ternary systems of an oil component (for example a hydrocarbon mixture, mineral oil, cyclomethicone, linseed oil, apricot kernel oil, oleic acid, pine oil, olive oil, silicone oils, Tallow, Tung OiI, Mink OiI, oleic acid, etc.), a suitable mediating component in the form of one surfactant, for example an emulsifier or emulsifier system, and the actual active ingredient.

Insect repellent formulations based on the active ingredient N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) are already known. For example, US 5,916,541 A1 describes emulsions containing an insect repellent, a sunscreen and a film former. Also US 5,989,529 Al describes emulsions which include a block polmer, a sunscreen agent and optionally a repellent. US 5,980,871 A1 describes emulsions containing an insect repellent, an inorganic sunscreen and an anionic emulsifier.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide stable anhydrous oil formulations which have a low solvent / alcohol content and optionally a high viscosity.

This object was achieved by a formulation for the defense of arthropods and Plathelminthen containing the mixture:

* 1 to 40% by weight of a repellent

• 40 to 98.9 weight percent of an oil and

0.1 to 20% by weight of an aliphatic ester, isododecane or mixtures thereof.

The formulations are clear and stable.

"Anhydrous" in the sense of the invention means that the formulations contain <5.0 wt .-% water, preferably <1, 0 wt .-% water, most preferably <0.2 wt .-% water. The formulation preferably has a viscosity of> 20 mPas measured according to DIN 53019 from November 1983.

The method for measuring the viscosity is given in the examples.

The formulation preferably additionally contains from 0.1% to 20% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone, phenethyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, an aliphatic alcohol, aliphatic ethers, aliphatic polyethers and / or mixtures thereof. This can increase the stability.

The formulation preferably additionally contains 0.1 to 20% by weight of ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, copolymeric polyether polyols based on ethylene or propylene oxide, 2-ethyl-1, 3-hexanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and / or mixtures thereof.

As a repellent is preferably a piperidine derivative of the general formula:

worin

wherein

Ri 'and R ₂ ' are independently alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkeneoxy and cycloalkynoxy, and

n is 0 or 1 or mixtures thereof are used.

As a repellent preferably a piperidine derivative of the general formula is used where Ri 'and R ₂ ' independently of one another for Ci-Ci ₂ alkyl, C ₂ -C ₂₀ alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₂₀ alkynyl, Ci-Ci ₂ hydroxyalkyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydroxyalkenyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ alkynyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ cycloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ cycloalkenyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ cycloalkynyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ cycloalkoxy, C ₃ -C ₂₀ cycloalkenoxy and C ₃ - C _{20 is} cycloalkynoxy, and n is 0 or 1, or mixtures thereof.

The repellent used is preferably 1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl-1-methylpropyl ester (icaridine) and 1- (3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl) -2-methylpiperidine both as a racemic mixture and as a chiral compound, for example (1S, 2'S). - 1- (3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl) -2- used methylpiperidine. Very particular preference is given to 1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl-1-methylpropyl ester (icaridine).

As oils are preferably mineral oils, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffin oils, silicone oils such as polysiloxane, cyclosiloxane, methicone, animal oils such as mink oil, fish oils, natural vegetable oils such as olive oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, peach kernel oil , Almond oil, castor oil, dehydrated castor oil, pine oil, tall oil and / or mixtures thereof.

As the aliphatic ester preferably synthetic triglycerides such as caprylic / capric be säurebiglycerid, triglyceride mixtures with vegetable fatty acids of chain length C ₈ -i ₂ or other natural fatty acids, specifically selected, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids possibly also hydroxyl group, mono- and diglycerides of the Cg _/ io fatty acids , Fatty acid esters such as ethyl stearate, di-n-butyl adipate, hexyl laurate, dipropylene glycol pelargonat, esters of a medium-chain branched fatty acid with saturated fatty alcohols of chain length Ciβ-iβ, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, caprylic / capric acid esters of saturated fatty alcohols of chain length C] _{2 I} g, isopropyl stearate, isopropyl palmitate, caprylic / capric acid esters of saturated fatty alcohols of the chain length Cn-ig, oleic acid oleate, oleic acid decyl ester, ethyl oleate, ethyl lactate, waxy fatty acid esters such as dibutyl phthalate, diisopropyl adipate, the latter related ester mixtures including fatty alcohols such as isotridecyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, Cetylstearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol and / or mixtures thereof.

Particularly preferred is a formulation containing as a mixture of 1-piperidinecarboxylic acid ethyl-1-methylpropyl, paraffin-based medicinal white oil, isopropyl myristate and propylene glycol.

Particularly preferred is a formulation containing 1-piperidinecarboxylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl-1-methylpropyl ester, paraffin-based medicinal white oil and isopropyl palmitate as mixture.

Also particularly preferred is a formulation which, as a mixture, refines l-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl-1-methylpropyl ester, apricot kernel oil and contains isododecane.

The formulation preferably also uses components to produce a UV filter effect. As components for producing a UV filter effect are particularly preferred oxybenzone, sulisobenzone (2-hydroxy-4 _'methyl benzophenone-5-sulfonic acid), dioxy Benzon (2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone), menthyl anthranilate, avobenzone, para aminobenzoic acid , Octylmethoxycinnamate, octocrylene, drometrizoltrisiloxane, octylsalicylate, Homomenthyl salicylate, octyldimethyl-PABA, TEA-salicylate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, methylbenzylidene cameral, octyltriazone, terephthalyldendibandisulfonic acid, ethyl-PABA, hydroxymethylphenylbenzotriazole, methylenebisbenzotriazoyltetramethylbutylphenol, bis-octyloxyphenol-methoxy-phenol-triazine, novantisole acid and / or mixtures thereof used.

In the formulation, biocides are preferably additionally used. Particularly preferred biocides are benzyl alcohol, trichlorobutanol, o-phenylphenol, para-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester, para-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester, para-hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester, butyl para-hydroxybenzoate, n-butanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethanol and / or mixtures thereof.

In the formulation, it is preferable to additionally use antioxidants. As antioxidants, preference is given to using butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tocopherol, sulfites, metabisulfites, such as potassium metabisulfite, ascorbic acid, and / or mixtures thereof.

Thickening agents are preferably additionally used in the formulation. Particularly preferred thickeners are carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose and other cellulose and starch derivatives, polyacrylates, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymer, alginates, gelatin, pectin, casein, agar-agar, gum arabic, aloe vera, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol , Copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, block and / or random copolymer of propylene and ethylene glycol units, waxes, and / or mixtures thereof used.

In the formulation, it is preferable to additionally use dyes or color pigments. As dyes or color pigments, it is particularly preferred to use all dyes approved for human or animal use in dissolved or suspended form and as pigments all pigments approved for human or animal use in dissolved or suspended form, and / or mixtures thereof.

In the formulation, fragrances are preferably used in addition. Fragrances used are particularly preferably perfume oils and other low-boiling substances which are approved for use on humans or animals, and / or mixtures thereof.

The invention also encompasses the use of the formulations for expelling arthropods and / or platelet mints. The formulation is preferably used to ward off harmful or annoying sucking and biting arthropods, preferably insects, ticks and mites used.

The invention also encompasses a process for the preparation of the formulation, which comprises 1 to 40% by weight of a repellent

• 40 to 98.9 weight percent of an oil and

0.1 to 20% by weight of an aliphatic ester, isododecane or mixtures thereof

and optionally additional substances are mixed in any order with each other.

The sucking insects mainly include the mosquitoes (for example Aedes aegypti, Aedes vexans, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens fatigans, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tarsalis, Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles dirus, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles stephensi, Mansonia titillans), butterfly mosquitoes (for example Phlebotomus papatasii, Phlebotomus duboscqi), biting midges (for example Culicoides furens, Culicoides impunctatus), blackflies (for example Simulium damnosum, Simulium venustum), biting flies (for example Stomoxys calcitrans), tsetse flies (for example Glossina morsitans morsitans), brakes (for example Tabanus nigrovittatus, Haematopota pluvialis, Chrysops caecutiens), True flies (for example Musca domestica, Musca autumnalis, Musca vetustissima, Fannia canicularis), flies (for example Sarcophaga carnaria), Myiasis-producing flies (cf. Example Lucilia cuprina, Chrysomyia chloropyga, Hypoderma bovis , Hypoderma lineatum, Dermatobia hominis, Oestrus ovis, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Cochliomyia hominivorax), bugs (for example Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans), lice (for example Pediculus humanis, Haematopinus suis, Damalina ovis), fleas (for example Pulex irritans , Xenopsylla cheopis, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis) and sand fleas (Dermatophilus penetrans).

The biting insects include, essentially, cockroaches (for example, Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, Blatta orientalis, Supella longipalpa), beetles (for example, Sitiophilus granarius, Tenebrio molitor, Dermestes lardarius, Stegobium paniceum, Anobium punctatum, Hylotrupes bajulus), termites (e.g. Example Reticulitermes lucifugus), ants (for example Lasius niger, Monomorium pharaonis), wasps (for example Vespula germanica) and larvae of moths (for example Ephestia elutella, Ephestia cautella, Plodia interpunctella, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella, Trichophaga tapetzella ). The other arthropods include ticks (eg Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis, Argas reflexus, Ornithodorus moubata, Ripicephalus sanguineus, Boophilius microplus, Amblyomma hebraeum) and mites (for example Sarcoptes scabiei, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermanyssus gallinae, Acarus siro) ,

Further, the formulations are preferably used against plathelminths, in particular against infectious stages of plathelminths. The formulation is preferred for repelling platelet minneses such as Schistosomahaematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Trichobilharzia spp. and Ornithobilharzia spp., but also Echinostoma spp. used.

The formulations are preferably used by applying to the skin of humans or animals by means of dripping, brushing, rubbing, spraying, by dipping / dipping, bathing or washing.

The formulations are preferably used to impregnate a carrier or encapsulation / microencapsulation in a shell of liposomes and / or ureas, or to fill a permeable package or container for later use on the body of a subject. The systems thus obtained can then be used on the body of a living being. The carrier used is preferably tissue, nonwoven, gel and / or polyacrylate.

The subject of the present invention results not only from the subject matter of the individual claims, but also from the combination of the individual claims with each other. The same applies to all parameters disclosed in the description and their arbitrary combinations.

Based on the following examples, the invention is explained in more detail, without thereby limiting the invention is to be effected.

Examples

I. Description of the measuring methods used

A. Determination of viscosity

The viscosity is determined according to DIN 53019 of November 1983.

B. Determination of the stability of the formulation

The stability of the formulation was determined by the centrifuge microwave assay. The test serves to evaluate the structure of disperse systems. The test method looks like this:

processing

The test sample of the formulation to be tested is acclimated after preparation for about 2 days at room temperature. Approximately 10 g of product are weighed from the test sample into a centrifuge tube (25 ml nominal volume).

Stress test of the formulation

The centrifuge tube 1 is 14 (corresponding to an average power of 75 watts) irradiated 75 seconds with stage 1 of the apparatus AEG Micromat ^® in the microwave. Subsequently, this sample is acclimated for one hour at room temperature and centrifuged for 11 minutes at 4350 revolutions / minute in an Eppendorf centrifuge 5403.

exam

The test of the sample is done visually by the laboratory technician. The sample is examined for homogeneity of the formulation. Differing appearance to the untreated sample, for example occurring phase separation or bubbles in the centrifuge tube are described.

II. Comparative Example

A water-free oil formulation of the following composition is prepared:

25.0% wt .-% l-piperidinecarboxylic ^ -hydroxyethyl-l-methylpropyl (Icaridin, Bayrepel ^®)

75.0% by weight mineral oil 30 mPas (Merkur 40 PB)

Both substances are mixed at room temperature. iπ. Example 2

A water-free oil formulation of the following composition is prepared:

25% wt .-% l-piperidinecarboxylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl-l-methylpropyl (Icaridin, Bayrepel ^®)

65.0% by weight of medicinal white oil, paraffin-based (Pionier 2076)

5.0% by weight of isopropyl myristate

5.0% by weight of propylene glycol

All substances are mixed at room temperature.

IV. Example 3

An anhydrous oil formulation of the following composition is used:

25.0% wt .-% l-piperidinecarboxylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl-l-methylpropyl (Icaridin, Bayrepel ^®)

65.0% by weight of medicinal white oil, paraffin-based (Pionier 2076)

10.0% by weight of isopropyl palmitate

All substances are mixed at room temperature.

V. Example 4

An anhydrous oil formulation of the following composition is used:

40.0% wt .-% l-piperidinecarboxylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl-l-methylpropyl (Icaridin, Bayrepel ^®)

50.0% wt.% Apricot kernel oil refined

10.0% by weight of isododecane

All substances are mixed at room temperature.

The formulations thus prepared were stored at room temperature for 1 week and then visually assessed and the viscosity measured:

²⁾ Since the formulation separates rapidly, the viscosity for such an emulsion can not be determined unambiguously

Claims

claims 1. formulation for the defense of arthropods and Plathelminthen containing the mixture: 1 to 40% by weight of a repellent 40 to 98.9 weight percent of an oil 0.1 to 20 weight percent of an aliphatic ester, isododecane or mixtures thereof. 2. Formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the formulation has a viscosity of> 20 mPas. 3. Formulation according to one or more of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that in addition 0.1 to 20% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone, phenethyl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, an aliphatic alcohol, aliphatic ethers, aliphatic polyethers and / or mixtures thereof. 4. A formulation according to claim 3, characterized in that ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, copolymeric polyether polyols based on ethylene or propylene oxide, 2 Ethyl 1,3-hexanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and / or mixtures thereof. 5. Formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that as a repellent, a piperidine derivative of the general formula

wherein Ri 'and R ₂ ' independently represent alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenoxy and cycloalkynoxy, and n is 0 or 1 or mixtures thereof is used. 6. A formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that as repellent, a piperidine derivative of the general formula used where R) 'and R2' independently of each other for CpCi ₂ alkyl, C ₂ -C ₂ O alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₂ O alkynyl, Ci-C _{) 2} hydroxyalkyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydroxyalkenyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ hydroxyalkynyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ cycloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ cycloalkenyl, C ₃ -C _2O cycloalkynyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ cycloalkoxy, C ₃ -C ₂₀ cycloalkenoxy and C ₃ -C ₂₀ Cycloalkynoxy, and n is 0 or 1, or mixtures thereof. 7. Formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that as a repellent l-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl-l-methylpropyl ester and 1- (3-cyclohexen-l-ylcarbonyl) -2-methylpiperidine both as a racemic mixture as well as a chiral compound. 8. Formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that as oils mineral oils, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffin oils, silicone oils such as polysiloxane, cyclosiloxane, methicone, animal oils such as mink oil, fish oils, natural vegetable oils such as olive oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, Palm oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, peach kernel oil, almond oil, castor oil, dehydrated castor oil, pine oil, tall oil, or mixtures thereof. 9. A formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that as aliphatic esters synthetic triglycerides such as caprylic / capric acid, triglyceride mixtures with vegetable fatty acids of chain length Cg- _I2 or other specially selected natural fatty acids, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides of the C _{8 /} i ₀ fatty acids. Fatty acid ester such as ethyl stearate, di-n-butyl adipate, hexyl laurate, dipropylene glycol pelargonate, esters of a branched fatty acid of medium chain length with saturated fatty alcohols of chain length C ₆ - _I g, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, caprylic / Caprinsäureester of saturated fatty alcohols of chain length C _M8, Isopropyl stearate, isopropyl palmitate, Caprylic / capric acid esters of saturated fatty alcohols of chain length C) _2- Ig, oleic acid oleate, oleic acid decyl ester, ethyl oleate, ethyl lactate, waxy fatty acid esters and / or fatty alcohols and / or mixtures thereof may be used. 10. A formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the mixture contains l-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl-l-methylpropyl ester, paraffin-based medicinal white oil, isopropyl myristate and propylene glycol. 1 1. A formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the mixture contains 1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl-l-methylpropyl ester, paraffin-based medicinal white oil and isopropyl palmitate. 12. A formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the mixture l-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl-l-methylpropyl ester, Apricot kernel oil refined and contains isododecane. 13. A formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that additional components are used to produce a UV filter effect. 14. A formulation according to claim 13, characterized in that components for producing a UV filter effect oxybenzone, sulisobenzone (2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid), dioxybenzone (2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone), menthyl-anthranilate , Avobenzone, para-aminobenzoic acid, octylmethoxycinnamate, octocrylene, drometrizoltrisiloxane, octylsalicylate, homomenthylsalicylate, octyldimethyl-PABA, TEA-salicylate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, Butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, methylbenzylidene chamfer, octyltriazone, Terephthalyldiendikamfersulfonsäure, ethyl-PABA, hydroxymethylphenyl-benzotriazole, methylene-bi-benzotriazoyltetramethylbutylphenol, bis-octyloxyphenol-methoxyphenol-triazine, Novantisolsäure and / or mixtures thereof can be used. 15. A formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that additionally biocides are used. 16. A formulation according to claim 15, characterized in that as biocides benzyl alcohol, trichlorobutanol, o-phenylphenol, para-hydroxybenzoic acid, ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate, para-Hydroxybenzoesäurepropylester, para-Hydroxybenzoesäurebutylester, n-butanol, propanol, iso-propanol, ethanol and / or Mixtures thereof are used. 17. A formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that in addition antioxidants are used. 18. A formulation according to claim 17, characterized in that as antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tocopherol, sulfites, Metabisulfite such as potassium metabisulfite, ascorbic acid, and / or mixtures thereof. 19. A formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that additional thickening agents are used. 20. A formulation according to claim 18, characterized in that as thickening agent carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose and other cellulose and starch derivatives, polyacrylates, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymer, Alginates, gelatin, pectin, casein, agar-agar, gum arabic, aloe vera, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, block and / or random copolymer of propylene and ethylene glycol units, waxes, colloidal silicas, and / or mixtures thereof. 21. A formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that in addition dyes or color pigments are used. 22. A formulation according to claim 21, characterized in that as dyes all permitted for use in humans or animals dyes in dissolved or suspended form and as pigments all approved for use on humans or animals pigments in dissolved or suspended form, and / or mixtures thereof be used. 23. Formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that in addition fragrances are used. 24. A formulation according to claim 23, characterized in that perfumes are perfume oils and other low-boiling substances which are approved for use on humans or animals, and / or mixtures thereof. 25. A process for the preparation of the formulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that • 1 to 40% by weight of a repellent • 40 to 98.9 weight percent of an oil and 0.1 to 20% by weight of an aliphatic ester, isododecane or mixtures thereof and optionally additional substances are mixed in any order with each other. 26. Use of formulations according to one or more of claims 1 to 25 for the displacement of arthropods. 27. Use of formulations according to one or more of claims 1 to 25 for the expulsion of Plathelminthen. 28. Use of formulations according to one or more of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the formulations by application to the skin of humans or animals by means of dripping, brushing, spraying, spraying, by dipping / dipping, bathing or washing. 29. Use of formulations according to one or more of claims 1 to 25 for impregnation of a carrier or encapsulation / microencapsulation in an envelope Liposomes and / or ureas or filling a permeable packaging or container for later use on the body of a living being. 30. Use of formulations according to claim 29, characterized in that are used as the carrier tissue, nonwoven, gel and / or polyacrylate.