WO2007080274A1 - Test des caracterisations des anticorps - Google Patents
Test des caracterisations des anticorps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007080274A1 WO2007080274A1 PCT/FR2006/002744 FR2006002744W WO2007080274A1 WO 2007080274 A1 WO2007080274 A1 WO 2007080274A1 FR 2006002744 W FR2006002744 W FR 2006002744W WO 2007080274 A1 WO2007080274 A1 WO 2007080274A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cells
- antibodies
- antibody
- receptor
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6854—Immunoglobulins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39591—Stabilisation, fragmentation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/40—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by post-translational modification
- C07K2317/41—Glycosylation, sialylation, or fucosylation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring the ability of an antibody preparation to activate an Fc receptor, which method comprises the following steps: a) aggregation of said antibodies with each other, b) contacting cells expressing an Fc receptor with said aggregated antibodies, and c) measuring the reaction of the cells resulting from activation of the Fc receptor of said cells by the Fc region of said antibodies.
- antibodies are also tools of choice in diagnosis and therapy, where they are an alternative to conventional treatments.
- the Applicant in document FR 02 11416, describes a method for measuring the functional activity of an antibody.
- the method comprises contacting cells expressing the CD16 receptor in a reaction medium, in the presence of the antibody and the antigen of said antibody, and measuring the amount of at least one cytokine produced by the expressing cell. the CD16 receptor, this measurement reflecting the activation of the effector cell of the immune system by the antibody.
- this method makes it possible to evaluate the activation of effector cells by the antigen-antibody complex.
- activation of the effector cells is both dependent on the affinity of the antibody for its target and the ability of the Fc region to bind to the Fc receptor. This test does not therefore make it possible to evaluate the activation of the effector cells due to the single Fc region of the antibody.
- the document EP 1 298 219 proposes a method for measuring the functionality of the Fc region of an antibody, without this being influenced by the binding capacity of the Fab region of the antibody.
- This method consists in immobilizing the antibody to be tested, placing it in the presence of effector cells expressing Fc receptors, and measuring the reaction in the effector cell resulting from the activation of the effector cell by the Fc region of the antibody. .
- the antibodies are immobilized by coating on a plate or on beads.
- the number of antibodies thus immobilized is not controllable because it depends both on the good binding of the antibodies on the plate, their orientation on the plate or the beads, and the electrical charge of the antibody. .
- the electric charge of antibodies depends on their degree of amination, which affects their ability to immobilize on balls or plates.
- this parameter induces a variability of the test as a function of the antibody to be tested, and the functionality of the Fc region of two antibodies of different sequence and / or specificity can thus hardly be compared.
- the test is carried out using a human monocyte line (THP-I) which must be activated by interferon Y to express, on the surface, consistently the Fc ⁇ RIIIa receptor. This prior activation is an important source of variability of the test and therefore the experiments can hardly be compared with each other.
- THP-I human monocyte line
- the methods of the state of the art offering to discriminate the antibodies for their "efficacy” are either poorly adapted to an evaluation of the activation of the effector cells due to the Fc region of the antibody, or are not very reproducible, and therefore not easy to standardize. That is why it was the intention of the Applicant to develop a new method, to measure the ability of an antibody preparation to activate an Fc receptor, which is both reproducible, and allows to to specifically evaluate the ability of the Fc region of an antibody to activate an Fc 7 receptor without the characteristics of the Fab region of the antibody interfering in this evaluation.
- a first object of the invention relates to a method for measuring the ability of an antibody preparation to activate an Fc receptor, comprising the following steps: a) the aggregation of said antibodies with each other, b) the setting contacting cells expressing an Fc receptor with said aggregated antibodies, and c) measuring the reaction of the cells resulting from activation of the Fc receptor of said cells by the Fc region of said antibodies.
- the term "aggregation of antibodies between them” means the association between them dispersed antibodies in the solution containing them, to form a network expressing a strong coupling between the antibodies of the network.
- This aggregation of the antibodies serves to orient the antibodies in a controlled and homogeneous manner, in the direction adapted to an adequate presentation of the Fc region of all the antibodies or a large majority of them to the Fc receptor of the cells. effector expressing an Fc receptor. Indeed, the Applicant has surprisingly found that such an aggregation has the effect that the Fc regions of certain antibodies are oriented from particular way and whatever the specificity or the primary sequence of the antibodies studied.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage of allowing the study of the dose-response relationship between the amount of antibody used in the process and the activation of the effector cell, and of being reproducible.
- the Applicant has surprisingly found that a "Such a method enables an activation of effector cells via Fc receptors, without the presence of target antigen.
- the Fc receptors are capable, in vivo, of binding to the constant region of the antibodies once the latter have fixed, by their variable region, the target antigen.
- the absence of cells expressing the target antigen on the surface has the major advantage of being free from the presence of these cells, a source of variability in biological tests, and thus of reducing the parameters likely to induce a variability in the implementation of the method.
- the biological variability due to the presence, in the methods of the prior art, of target cells, as well as to the influence of the specificity and the primary sequence of the antibody is limited or even nil in the process. of the invention.
- the antibodies can be aggregated using any means known to those skilled in the art for aggregating antibodies, such as heat or immunological tools, for example whole immunoglobulin G, this list is not being limiting.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage of being implemented with antibodies in solution.
- Fc receptor means any receptor of the Fc region of the antibodies, present on effector cells, such as CD16 (FcgammaRIIiy and CD32 (FcgammaRII).
- the term "antibody” means any antibody, regardless of its specificity and its isotype, provided that it comprises an Fc region or a region having the same functions as the Fc region. Thus, it may be a whole antibody or an antibody fragment, for example an antibody Fc fragment.
- the antibodies used in the method according to the invention may be IgG (IgG1 or IgG2 or IgG3 or IgG4), IgM, IgE, IgA or IgD, or a mixture of them.
- the antibodies used in the process of the invention may be monoclonal and / or polyclonal. In the case of monoclonal antibodies, these antibodies can be chimeric, humanized, human or of animal origin.
- the term "cell expressing an Fc receptor” means any cell expressing on its surface an Fc receptor, this cell being able to express such a receptor in a natural manner or following a genetic modification.
- NK cells activated monocytes, peripheral blood granulocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, CD8 lymphocytes, T ⁇ lymphocytes, NKT cells, eosinophils, basophils or mast cells. list not being limiting.
- these cells are capable of reacting when the Fc region of an antibody binds to the Fc receptor expressed on their surface.
- reaction of cells expressing an Fc receptor means any measurable cellular reaction due to the interaction between the Fc receptor of these cells and the Fc region of the antibodies. This reaction may be intracellular or extracellular. As an example, we can mention measuring one or more cytokines, measuring the level of intracellular calcium, perforin, granzyme or nitric oxide, this list not being limiting.
- the aggregation is carried out using an F (ab ') 2 anti-IgG fragment.
- F (ab ') 2 anti-IgG fragment This means allows a particularly advantageous aggregation in terms of control of the orientation of the Fc regions of the antibodies.
- each F (ab ') 2 fragment binds to two different antibodies to be tested, thus orienting the Fc regions of the antibodies to be adequately tested.
- This orientation is particularly adapted to the interaction with the Fc receptors of the effector cells, and therefore to the activation of the effector cells.
- the anti-IgG F (ab ') 2 fragments that can be used in this embodiment can be directed against any fragment, part or domain of the antibodies, for example the Fc region or the Fab region or the whole of the molecule. IgG.
- the F (Ab ') 2 fragments may also be of monoclonal or polyclonal origin. In this embodiment of the invention, it is possible to precisely control the concentration of antibodies to be tested and the concentration of F (ab ') 2 . It is thus possible to calculate the ratio between the two which allows for reproducible tests and this regardless of the preparation of antibodies to be tested.
- this anti-IgG F (ab ') 2 fragment is an anti-Fab or an anti-F (ab') 2 directed against the test antibody preparation.
- This fragment can be a goat or rabbit fragment.
- each F (ab ') 2 fragment binds to the Fab portions of two Antibody molecules to be tested, thereby directing the Fc regions of the antibodies to be appropriately tested so that they can bind to RFc and activate the cells expressing these RFc at the surface.
- the aggregation is an aggregation by heat.
- the antibodies are first heated so that they aggregate them (step a) of the process of the invention), ⁇ - and then contacted with cells expressing an Fc receptor (step b)).
- Any heating method adapted to the aggregation of the antibodies between them can be used in the implementation of the method of the invention.
- the aggregation is carried out by cross-linking Fab regions together or heavy and light chains between them.
- cross-linking is understood to mean any bridging between two antibody molecules, so as to orient the Fc region of these antibodies homogeneously to the CD16 receptors of the effector cells.
- an antibody may be involved in one or more bypasses.
- the antibodies are capable of forming a network whose orientation is adequate to optimally bind the CD16 receptors carried by the effector cells.
- any means for cross-linking (that is to say, to bridge) the antibodies between them is suitable for carrying out the invention.
- the establishment of chemical bonds, or radiation bypass by means of UV this list is not limiting.
- the Fc receptor expressed by the effector cells is selected from CD16
- CDl ⁇ is chosen.
- the cells expressing the Fc receptor • are cells transfected with the gene encoding said receptor.
- another factor of variability namely the nature and the amount of Fc receptor (s) present on the surface of the effector cells.
- the cells expressing the Fc receptor are Jurkat cells expressing CD1 ⁇ , this line being cultured in the presence of an aspecific activator of these cells, such as PMA. (Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate).
- PMA Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate.
- this line does not need to be activated prior to contacting the effector cells with the aggregated antibodies. . Indeed, some effector lines need to be activated by means of one or more cytokines (s) to sufficiently express Fc receptors (see for example EP 1 298 219).
- Jurkat CD16 line transfected with an expression vector coding for the CD16 receptor
- Jurkat CD16 line has the advantage of being immortalized and therefore of multiplying indefinitely in culture media.
- Jurkat CD16 cells have the advantage of being activatable when they are doubly stimulated.
- PMA which is an aspecific activator of T cells
- Activation of Jurkat cells results in release of IL-2 in the culture supernatant. Therefore, the more the Fc region of an antibody is functional to CD16, the higher the amount of IL-2 released in the supernatant will be.
- the measurement of the reaction of the cells resulting from the activation of the Fc receptors of said cells by the Fc regions of said antibodies is a measure of the amount of at least one cytokine produced by the cells expressing CD16 receptors.
- the activation of the effector cells results, inter alia, in the release of IL-2 in the culture supernatant.
- the concentration of cytokines in the culture medium can be measured using a commercially available ELISA test (bioassay).
- cytokine such as IL-2
- the measurement of the quantity of at least one cytokine is carried out by performing an assay of the mRNAs of these cytokines, the quantity of these mRNAs being correlated with the level of expression of the corresponding cytokines, which reflects the level of activation of the effector cells.
- At least one cytokine selected from IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL- ⁇ , MCP-I, TNFalpha (TNF ⁇ ) and IFNgamma (IFN ⁇ ) is quantified. This list is not limiting.
- the measurement of the reaction of the cell is the quantification of interleukin IL-2.
- the rate of secreted IL-2 interleurkin is correlated with ADCC activity. Indeed, there is a strong correlation between the secretion of cytokines by the effector cells and the ADCC activity mediated by the CD16 of the effector cells (Document FR 02
- the method of the invention is particularly advantageous for selecting cytotoxic antibodies, especially for a therapeutic use.
- measuring the reaction of the cell is a measure of calcium influx, phosphorylation, transcription factors, or apoptosis.
- the raise of these parameters are correlated with effector cell activation, showing the ability of antibodies to activate Fc receptors in effector cells.
- the method is adapted to evaluate the ability of a cell to produce a monoclonal antibody capable of interacting with the CD16 receptor, i.e., to evaluate the cytotoxicity of an antibody or a preparation antibody.
- the affinity of an antibody for CD16 is dependent on the characteristics of the Fc receptor, for example polymorphism of CD16 [2, 3], but also of the Fc region, or the fucose oligosaccharide present on the ace 'paragine in position 297 of the heavy chains of the immunoglobulins play a role in binding to Fc receptors [4, 5].
- the cell line producing antibodies may be any line capable of dividing, but is more particularly chosen from CHO, YB2 / 0, SP2 / 0, SP2 / 0-AG14, IR983F cell lines, Namalwa human myeloma, PERC6, CHO lines, in particular CHO-KI, CHO-LeclO, CHO-Lecl, CHO-Lecl3, CHO Pro-5, CHO dhfr-, Wil-2, Jurkat, Vero, Molt-4, COS-7, 293 -HEK, BHK , K6H6, NSO, SP2 / 0-Ag 14 and P3X63Ag8.653, this list not being limiting.
- the method is adapted to evaluate the efficiency and integrity of the Fc region of antibody preparations obtained after one or more purification steps.
- Another application of the method of the invention is the monitoring of the stability of a preparation of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies, in particular therapeutic, placed in a denaturing condition.
- the method of the invention is therefore particularly useful in the monitoring over time of preparations for therapeutic use. Indeed, the Applicant has followed for several months the activity of an antibody preparation stored under denaturing conditions and showed that it decreases. Thus, a therapeutic preparation loses its activity over time when it is kept at elevated temperature, for example at 40 ° C.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to discriminate which part of the antibody is involved. in this loss of activity, unlike tests involving cells carrying the target antigens. We see that it is the Fc region of the antibody which, once denatured, loses its affinity for CD16 (see Example 4).
- the method is advantageously adapted to measure the functionality of the Fc region of an antibody.
- Fc region functionality of an antibody is meant for purposes of the invention the ability of this Fc region to activate the effector cells via its binding to the Fc receptor, in particular to the CD16 receptor. Since the method of the invention is highly reproducible (see Example 2, paragraph 5), it can be used routinely to analyze the functionality of antibody preparations, since the efficiency of the measurement is the same for sequence antibodies and of different specificity (s), as well as for the screening of highly cytotoxic antibodies.
- the method is adapted to evaluate the production of monoclonal antibodies by transgenic plants or transgenic mammals.
- the antibodies thus produced can be, thanks to the implementation of the method according to the invention, characterized as to the ability of their Fc region to activate an Fc receptor.
- the method is adapted to select antibodies effective for therapeutic treatment.
- antibodies for which an increase greater than 100%, or 250%, advantageously 500% or preferably 1000% of the cytokine release rate, for example of IL-2, are selected are compared with control in the absence of antibodies or against a given antibody as a negative reference.
- the method is suitable for selecting antibody compositions whose fucose content is less than 65%, and preferably less than 40%. Indeed, it has been shown that the activity of the antibody preparations is dependent on the fucose content on the glycan unit at position 297 of the heavy chain.
- the antibodies consist of heavy chains and light chains, linked together by disulfide bridges. Each chain is constituted, in the N-terminal position, of a variable region (or domain) specific for the antigen against which the antibody is directed, and in the C-terminal position, of a constant region, consisting of a single CL domain for light chains and several domains (CH 1 , CH 2 and CH 3) for heavy chains.
- variable domains and the CH1 and CL domains of the heavy and light chains forms the Fab portions of the antibody, which are connected to the Fc region by a very flexible hinge region, allowing each Fab to bind to the target antigen.
- the Fc region mediating the effector properties of the antibody, remains accessible to the molecules effector such as Fc ⁇ R receptors (FcgammaR).
- the Fc region consisting of 2 globular domains CH 2 and CH 3 , is glycosylated at the CH 2 domain with the presence, on each of the 2 chains, of a biantennal N-glycan linked to asparagine 297 (Asn 297 ).
- Such an N-glycan is in the following general form (presented form "GO", to which other sugars may be added):
- fucose is understood to mean the fucose borne by these N-oligosaccharides.
- the fucose molecule when present, is linked to the N-acetylglucosamine (GIcNAc) of the N-oligosaccharide, this GIcNAc being itself linked to the Asn 297.
- GIcNAc N-acetylglucosamine
- Each of the 2 N-glycans carried by each of the 2 heavy chains of each antibody can carry a molecule of fucose or not wear it.
- each antibody may comprise 0, 1 or 2 fucose molecules, respectively, according to that none of its N-glycans carry fucose, that only one of its N-glycans carries a fucose molecule, or that its 2 N glycans each carry a molecule of fucose.
- the term "antibody composition whose fucose content is less than 65%” means an antibody composition, of which, among all the glycan structures carried by each glycosylation site (Asn 297), antibodies of the composition, less than 65% comprise a molecule of fucose.
- compositions exhibit a particularly advantageous ADCC activity.
- antibody compositions whose fucose content is between 20% and 45%, or between 25% and 40%, are selected. Thanks to the method of the invention, a quantitative relationship has been shown between functional activity and fucose level in the direction of an increase in the functional activity of the antibodies towards CD16 when the fucose level decreases in the composition (preparation) of antibodies.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a process for preparing a monoclonal antibody composition
- a process for preparing a monoclonal antibody composition comprising the following steps: a) obtaining antibodies from a hybridoma, a heterohybridoma, or any cell line animal, plant or human transfected with one or more vectors so as to express said antibody, b) aggregation of the antibodies obtained in step a) with an F (ab ') 2 anti-IgG fragment, c) adding the antibodies obtained in step b) into a reaction mixture comprising: effector cells comprising cells expressing CD16, - Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA) d) measuring the amount of at least one cytokine produced by the cell expressing CD16, e) selecting the antibody composition (s) for which an increase of greater than 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 100, or 500 times the amount of cytokine measured is measured. related to control in the absence of antibodies or in the presence of a given antibody
- the measurement of the amount of at least one cytokine is performed by performing an AKNm assay of these cytokines, the amount of these mRNAs being correlated with the level of expression of the corresponding cytokines, which reflects the level of activation of the effector cells.
- At least one cytokine selected from IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, MCP-I, TNFalpha (TNF ⁇ ) and IFNgamma (IFN ⁇ ) is quantified. list not being limiting.
- the measurement of the reaction of the cell is the quantification of interleukin IL-2.
- the secreted rate of interleukins, for example of IL-2 is correlated with an activity of the ADCC type. Indeed, there is a strong correlation between the secretion of cytokines by the effector cells and the ADCC activity mediated by the CD16 of the effector cells (Document FR 02 11416).
- measuring the reaction of the cell is a measure of calcium influx, phosphorylation, transcription factors, or apoptosis. The increase in these parameters is correlated with activation of the effector cells, which shows the ability of the antibodies to activate the Fc receptors of the effector cells.
- measuring the amount of at least one cytokine produced by the cell expressing CD16 is a measure of the amount of IL-2 produced by the cell expressing CD16.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a kit for carrying out a biological test for measuring the activity of therapeutic antibodies comprising the elements necessary for the implementation of one of the processes described above, and comprising in particular (i) means for aggregating said therapeutic antibodies, (ii) cells capable of expressing an Fc receptor, (iii) means for measuring the reaction of said cells capable of expressing an Fc receptor when the receptor Fc of said cells is activated by the Fc region of said antibodies, and (iv) the other elements necessary for the implementation of the method according to any one of the preceding claims.
- Kit for carrying out a biological test for measuring the activity of therapeutic antibodies comprising (i) means for aggregating said therapeutic antibodies, (ii) cells capable of expressing an Fc receptor, (iii) means for measuring the reaction of said cells capable of expressing an Fc receptor when the Fc receptor of said cells is activated by the Fc region of said antibodies, and (iv) the other elements necessary for carrying out the method according to one of any of the preceding claims.
- the means for measuring the reaction of said cells included in said kit are means for quantifying at least one cytokine produced by said cells.
- said quantization means Less than one cytokine dud.it kit are means for assaying AElNm said cytokines.
- the means for measuring the reaction of said cells of said kit are means for measuring calcium influx, phosphorylation, transcription factors or apoptosis.
- Figure 1 (A) Calibration curve defined by measuring average fluorescence intensities of the bead populations, (B) Expression profile of the CD16 of the JCD16 + Val population obtained by FACS analysis of an anti-inflammatory marker. CDl6.
- Figure 2 dose-response curves to an anti-D antibody (batch C029-025) aggregated. Specific curve of JCD16 + Phe cells. The vertical red line delimits the range of concentrations (0.625 to 10 ⁇ g / ml) used for the subsequent tests.
- Figure 3 kinetics of IL-2 secretion for JCD16 + Phe cells.
- Figure 4 Influence of fucose levels of antibodies on their activity.
- A activity test anti-HIV Gpl20 antibodies (100% fucose), AD1 (100% fucose), T125 CHO (81% fucose), R270 (64% fucose), R297 (40% fucose) and R297 (25% fucose) in the test in the presence of target cells
- B ' anti-Gp120 HIV antibody activity test (100% fucose), AD1 (100% fucose), T125 CHO (81% fucose), R270 (64% fucose), R297 (40% fucose), C029-025 (33% fucose) and R297 (25% fucose) in the test without target cells.
- Figure 5 Monitoring the stability of lot 05-081 at 40 0 C by measuring its activity every month.
- FIG. 6 Effect of temperature on the activity of an anti-D monoclonal antibody with respect to its ability to activate CD16 at 10 and 5 ⁇ g / ml, the measurements being carried out by ELISA.
- FIG. 7 Effect of temperature on the activity of an anti-D monoclonal antibody with respect to its ability to activate CD16 at 10 and 5 ⁇ g / ml, the measurements being carried out by quantitative RT-PCR.
- the Jurkat line, clone E6-1 (ATCC No. TIB-152), was deposited with ATCC by A. Weiss [6] in 1984. Clone E6-1 was obtained from the Jurkat line called " wild ". This was isolated in 1977 by Schneider et al. [7] from the peripheral blood of a 14-year-old child with acute leukemia lymphoblastic. This line, expressing T-cell markers, is capable of producing interleukin-2 (IL-2) when stimulated by two distinct activation signals. However, the level of IL-2 secreted varies according to the origin of the line and the handling conditions. Therefore Jurkat clones from different origins were transfected so that they express at their membrane the Fc ⁇ RIIIa receptor.
- IL-2 interleukin-2
- a line was obtained by transfection with an expression vector encoding a chimeric human RFcDIIIa (extracellular domain of CD16 associated with the transmembrane and intracellular domains of the Y chain) and the neomycin selection gene.
- JCD16 + Phe cells will be named because they express human CD16 having a phenylalanine at position 158.
- the JCD16 + Phe cells are maintained in IMDM medium (Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium) + 4mM L-Glutamine + 25 mM HEPES buffer (Gibco, Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% FCS (Fetal calf serum) irradiated with Y-rays and decomplemented (Invitrogen), and a neomycin analogue (G418 sulfate) at 0.5 mg / ml (Promega).
- IMDM medium Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium
- 4mM L-Glutamine 25 mM HEPES buffer (Gibco, Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% FCS (Fetal calf serum) irradiated with Y-rays and decomplemented (Invitrogen), and a neomycin analogue (G418 sulfate) at 0.5 mg / ml (Promega).
- This phenotyping involves the analysis of different membrane markers that are CD45 (marker of leukocyte cells), CD19 (specific marker B lymphocytes), CD2, CD3, CD4 and CD8 (T-cell specific markers), CD58 (CD2 ligand), but also the different IL-2 receptor chains (CD25 or IL-2 Ra , CD122 or IL-2 R ⁇ and CD132 or IL-2 R ⁇ ).
- the labels are carried out on 10 6 cells in 100 ⁇ l of PBS (phosphate buffer) IX. The conditions are as follows:
- CD25 PC5 (IOTest, Coulter Clone).
- isotype control is performed and correspond respectively to:> 10 .mu.l IgG1-FITC (Coulter Clone, Beckman Coulter) + 10 .mu.l IgG1-RD1 (Coulter Clone, Beckman Coulter) + 10 .mu.l IgG2b-ECD (Coulter Clone, Beckman Coulter) +10 ⁇ l IgG1-PC5 (IOTest, Beckman Coulter).
- IgG2 ⁇ -PC5 > 10 ⁇ l IgG2 ⁇ -PC5 (IOTest, Coulter Clone).
- the cells are incubated in the presence of the different monoclonal antibodies for 30 minutes at room temperature. After washing the cells in PBS IX and centrifugation at 1200 rpm for 5 minutes, the markings are directly analyzed by the cytometer.
- the number of RFc ⁇ lIIa receptors expressed on the cell surface is evaluated according to the QIFIKIT technique
- the determination of the number of CD16 sites is carried out on 2, 5.10 5 cells according to the protocol provided in the kit (No. K0078).
- the cells are incubated with 500 ng of antibodies of interest for 30 minutes at room temperature. room. After washing and centrifugation (5 minutes at 1200 rpm), the cells are incubated with 100 ⁇ l of FIT (ab ') 2 anti-mouse IgG coupled FITC diluted 1/50 ⁇ (Qifikit), for 30 minutes, at room temperature. ambient and black.
- the cells are then washed and analyzed directly at the FACS.
- Anti-D antibody samples are tested at an eight-point concentration range defined as: 3.125 ng / ml, 6.25 ng / ml, 9.4 ng / ml, 12.5 ng / ml, 18, 75 ng / ml, 25 ng / ml, 37.5 ng / ml and 50 ng / ml. Each concentration is obtained by dilution of the sample in IMDM + 5% FCS decomplemented.
- the target cells are D + Rhesus red cells from donors preferentially O + . They are treated with papain (Bio-Rad). This is added volume to
- the Jurkat cells transplanted between 48 and 72 hours before the test, are counted on a Malassez slide in order to define the volume of cell suspension to be taken in order to have 10 7 cells (quantity required for a microplate).
- the volume of cell suspension is centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1200 rpm.
- the cell pellet obtained is then resuspended in IMDM + 5% FCS at a concentration of 2.10 6 cells / ml.
- a new count is made to ensure the concentration of the suspension and if necessary it is adjusted precisely by addition of IMDM + 5% FCS.
- a reference anti-D solution is deposited as well as a control sample corresponding to a polyclonal anti-D antibody (Rhophylac 300 TM, Biotest).
- the wells are homogenized by stirring.
- the plate is incubated overnight at 37 ° C.
- the following day, the cells are decanted by centrifugation for 1 minute at 125g.
- the supernatant is removed and the concentration of IL-2 is determined by ELISA assay.
- the antibodies studied are tested as above in a range of eight concentrations defined in Chapter 3.1.1.
- the red blood cells are substituted with an F (ab ') 2 anti-IgG specific fragment
- Anti-D antibodies and F (ab ') 2 anti-IgG are studied according to a ratio
- the PMA solution is prepared at a concentration of 10 ng / ml.
- Jurkat cells are diluted with IMDM + 5% FCS at a concentration defined in Chapter 2.1.4.
- the wells are homogenized by stirring.
- the plate is incubated overnight at 37 ° C.
- the next day the cells are decanted by centrifugation for 1 minute at 125 g.
- the supernatant is removed and the IL-2 concentration is determined by ELISA assay or IL-2-encoding messenger AKN assay (AKNm).
- the amount of IL-2 secreted is assayed according to the procedure of the kit Duoset ® human IL-2 (DY202, TUDCN Systems).
- a capture antibody is distributed in each well of a microplate. After saturation with a bovine albumin solution, the supernatants to be assayed are deposited at different dilutions, as well as a standard range of IL-2.
- a biotinylated human anti-IL-2 antibody is then added followed by a solution of streptavidin peroxidase HRP. After addition of the substrate (tetramethylbenzidine), a blue color develops. After stopping the reaction with sulfuric acid (H 2 SCj), the optical density of each well is determined by reading the plate at 450 nm.
- IL-2 concentrations determined by ELISA assay make it possible to determine the activity of each anti-D antibody tested. This is calculated as follows:
- a second degree equation curve is established by plotting the measured IL-2 concentrations as a function of the concentration range of the antibody. For each deposited sample concentration, the equivalent reference anti-D concentration is calculated using the equation of the second degree of the curve. Each of the equivalent anti-D values is reduced to the theoretical concentration of 50 ng / ml for the target cell test or 10 ⁇ g / ml for the test without target cells, taking into account the dilution of the antibody studied. The average of the values for each sample is then calculated. To determine the percentage of activity in the sample, an activity of 100% is arbitrarily assigned to the reference. It is then sufficient to calculate the following ratio: average of the recalculated concentrations of the sample / average of the recalculated concentrations of the reference
- the percentage of activity is less than 100 for an unknown anti-D, it means that the activity of this antibody is lower than that of the reference antibody.
- the percentage of activity is greater than 100, this means that the anti-D studied has a higher activity than the reference.
- the technique is based on the assay of the messenger AKN (mRNA) encoding IL-2.
- mRNA messenger AKN
- a first step the total RNA is extracted from the cells.
- RNA is converted to complementary DNA (cDNA) using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase.
- cDNA complementary DNA
- reverse transcriptase an enzyme called reverse transcriptase.
- the genetic sequence corresponding to IL-2 is detected by means of specific primers by the quantitative technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
- PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
- AKNm encoding IL-2 are transient. • The time for which gene expression is maximal after stimulation under experimental conditions (4-6 hours) is therefore determined.
- the test is performed according to the following conditions:
- the cells are then incubated at 37 ° C. in a controlled atmosphere incubator (95% air + 5% CO2).
- RNA extracted is assayed by spectrophotometry at
- the cDNA is obtained by incubating for 1 hour at 42 ° C.
- the PCR step is carried out using the specific primers described below:
- IL-2 H1 AAC AGT GCA CCT ACT TCA AG
- IL-2 H2 GTT ATG GG ATG CTT TGA CA
- Quantitative PCR is performed using Applied Biosystems 7300 and the use of the Power Syber kit Green master mix (Applied Biosystems). The program used for both pairs of primers is
- Two anti-D mAb preparations at 2 different concentrations (5 and 10 ⁇ g / ml) were compared.
- One of the preparations was stored at 5 ° C. while the other was kept for 3 months at 40 ° C.
- the samples were taken 4 hours after the start of cell culture cultivation to extract 1 RNA.
- the concentration of IL-2 present in the supernatants 16 hours after the introduction of the test was quantified by means of a dosing kit (R & D
- the intensity of expression of I 1 IL-2 gene depends on the nature of mAb studied and its concentration. This technique can therefore be used to study the interactions between the Fc region of a mAb and the CD16 receptor.
- genotyping of each line was performed by allelic discrimination by Q-PCR (Applied 7300). Genotyping was verified by RT-PCR.
- the Jurkat CD16 "line does not express on the surface of its membrane the RFc ⁇ lII receptor
- the Jurkat CD16 + so-called Phe line expresses well the T (Phe) genotype 1.2 Phenotyping of lines
- the line thus has the following phenotype CD45 + , CD2 + , CD3 + , CD4 + CD16 + , CD58 + and CD132 + .
- This experiment aims to quantify the number of CD16 antigenic sites by indirect labeling analyzed by cytometry.
- the technique is based on the use of five populations of 10 ⁇ m diameter beads coated with monoclonal antibodies (human mouse anti-CD5) in defined increasing amounts (10 3 to 10 6 Antibody-Binding Capacity or ABC). These different populations allow the construction of a calibration line corresponding to the average fluorescence intensities (MFI) versus the antibody binding capacity (ABC).
- the cells are saturated with the primary antibody of interest (anti-CD1 ⁇ ) which is revealed by a labeled secondary antibody, also introduced under saturating conditions. By observing these conditions, the fixed number of primary antibodies corresponds to the number of antigenic sites present on the surface of the cells. Therefore, the fluorescence is correlated with the number of primary antibodies attached to the cells.
- the ABC of the cells is determined by the calibration line.
- each line is monitored on several subcultures in a selective medium in order to verify the maintenance of CDl ⁇ expression.
- the activation of CD16 requires the aggregation of antibodies because in the absence of F (ab ') 2 , secretion of IL-2 is obtained but much less than a secretion obtained in the presence of PMA and aggregates anti-D / F (ab ') 2 . Furthermore, during each experiment, the maximum activation is verified using PMA and Ionomycine. These results therefore make it possible to demonstrate the need for double stimulation of JCD16 + cells in order to obtain secretion of IL-2.
- R297 (lot C029-025) was tested in the reaction medium. The experiment was carried out in quintuplate (see figure n ° 2).
- a kinetic study of IL-2 secretion of both cell lines was performed. For this, the cells were stimulated for 8, 24, 32, 48, 5 ⁇ or 72 hours over a range of defined anti-D concentrations (from 0.625 to 10 ⁇ g / ml of lot C029-025). The concentrations of IL-2 in the supernatant were assayed for each concentration of anti-D, and for each incubation period thus making it possible to obtain the lines of FIG.
- Biological variability is introduced when cells are used in a test, even if they are cell lines. So, for the purpose of To standardize a test, it must be ensured that the test is reproducible. This is all the more necessary when the test is to be used to evaluate the influence of the purification method on the activity of an antibody, but also when stability studies over time of therapeutic preparations are performed.
- Reproducibility test determination of the percentage of activity of a sample (batch C029-025) during n experiments.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B respectively represent the results obtained in the presence of target cells in the test (4A) and in the absence of target cells but with antibody preparations aggregated by means of an F (ab ') 2 .
- F (ab ') 2 an antibody having a 100% fucose level
- An antibody having a 100% fucose level such as AD1 even has a totally zero activity with respect to this receptor.
- This study confirms that the fucose level influences the binding of the antibody to CD1 ⁇ .
- a completely fucosylated immunoglobulin at the oligosaccharide of asparagine at position 297 of the heavy chain prevents any interaction of the antibody with CD1 ⁇ , which does not then cause its activation.
- This study shows a loss of activity of the sample when exposed to a high temperature. This loss is proportional to. the. duration of exposure of the sample to heat. This study also shows that similar results are obtained for both tests. These two tests can therefore be used for stability monitoring over the course of preparations for therapeutic use.
- the aggregated monoclonal antibodies were incubated with Jurkat CD16 + cells for 16 hours at 37 ° C. before assaying IL-2 in the supernatants.
- Table 1 shows that there is a dose / effect relationship between the amount of IL-2 secreted by the cells in the supernatant 'and the concentration of this monoclonal antibody aggregate in the test, and this irrespective of the method used for aggregate the monoclonal antibody.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008545044A JP2009519455A (ja) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-15 | 抗体評価試験 |
| US12/097,084 US20090176220A1 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-15 | Antibody characterization test |
| CA002633321A CA2633321A1 (fr) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-15 | Test des caracterisations des anticorps |
| BRPI0621019A BRPI0621019A2 (pt) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-15 | teste de caracterização de anticorpos |
| EP06841947A EP1977251A1 (fr) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-15 | Test des caracterisations des anticorps |
| AU2006334549A AU2006334549A1 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-15 | Antibody characterization test |
| IL192141A IL192141A0 (en) | 2005-12-16 | 2008-06-12 | Antibody characterization test |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0512813 | 2005-12-16 | ||
| FR0512813A FR2894983B1 (fr) | 2005-12-16 | 2005-12-16 | Test de caracterisation des anticorps. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007080274A1 true WO2007080274A1 (fr) | 2007-07-19 |
Family
ID=36809043
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2006/002744 Ceased WO2007080274A1 (fr) | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-15 | Test des caracterisations des anticorps |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090176220A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1977251A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2009519455A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20080094777A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101375165A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2006334549A1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0621019A2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2633321A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2894983B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL192141A0 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007080274A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013038113A1 (fr) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Cisbio Bioassays | Procede de determination de la glycosylation d'un anticorps |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2915398B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-25 | 2012-12-28 | Lab Francais Du Fractionnement | "ensemble de moyens pour le traitement d'une pathologie maligne, d'une maladie auto-immune ou d'une maladie infectieuse" |
| EP2233500A1 (fr) | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-29 | LFB Biotechnologies | Variantes Fc optimisées |
| WO2015048413A1 (fr) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-02 | X-Body Biosciences, Inc. | Dosage pour le criblage de récepteur d'antigène |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1298219A1 (fr) * | 2000-07-04 | 2003-04-02 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Proc d pour l'essai de la fonction du fragment fc d'un anticorps |
| US20040002587A1 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2004-01-01 | Watkins Jeffry D. | Fc region variants |
| FR2844521A1 (fr) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-19 | Lab Francais Du Fractionnement | Mesure de la production de cytokines comme marqueur d'activation de cellules effectrices |
| WO2005070963A1 (fr) * | 2004-01-12 | 2005-08-04 | Applied Molecular Evolution, Inc | Variants de la region fc |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0091760B1 (fr) * | 1982-04-09 | 1986-07-02 | FUJIREBIO KABUSHIKI KAISHA also trading as FUJIREBIO INC. | Anticorps anti-immunocomplexe et sa préparation |
| EP1646401A4 (fr) * | 2003-06-30 | 2007-07-18 | Bio Technology General Israel | Anticorps humains specifiques |
-
2005
- 2005-12-16 FR FR0512813A patent/FR2894983B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-12-15 AU AU2006334549A patent/AU2006334549A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-15 WO PCT/FR2006/002744 patent/WO2007080274A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-12-15 CN CNA2006800528707A patent/CN101375165A/zh active Pending
- 2006-12-15 EP EP06841947A patent/EP1977251A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-12-15 BR BRPI0621019A patent/BRPI0621019A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-12-15 US US12/097,084 patent/US20090176220A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-15 CA CA002633321A patent/CA2633321A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-15 KR KR1020087016838A patent/KR20080094777A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2006-12-15 JP JP2008545044A patent/JP2009519455A/ja active Pending
-
2008
- 2008-06-12 IL IL192141A patent/IL192141A0/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1298219A1 (fr) * | 2000-07-04 | 2003-04-02 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Proc d pour l'essai de la fonction du fragment fc d'un anticorps |
| US20040002587A1 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2004-01-01 | Watkins Jeffry D. | Fc region variants |
| FR2844521A1 (fr) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-19 | Lab Francais Du Fractionnement | Mesure de la production de cytokines comme marqueur d'activation de cellules effectrices |
| WO2005070963A1 (fr) * | 2004-01-12 | 2005-08-04 | Applied Molecular Evolution, Inc | Variants de la region fc |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| HODONICZKY JASON ET AL: "Control of recombinant monoclonal antibody effector functions by Fc N-glycan remodeling in vitro", BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, vol. 21, no. 6, 7 October 2005 (2005-10-07), pages 1644 - 1652, XP002395988, ISSN: 8756-7938 * |
| MARSH C B ET AL: "MONOCYTE FCGAMMA RECEPTOR CROSS-LINKING INDUCES IL-8 PRODUCTION", JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, THE WILLIAMS AND WILKINS CO. BALTIMORE, US, vol. 155, 1995, pages 3161 - 3167, XP002945688, ISSN: 0022-1767 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013038113A1 (fr) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Cisbio Bioassays | Procede de determination de la glycosylation d'un anticorps |
| FR2980271A1 (fr) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-22 | Cisbio Bioassays | Procede de determination de la glycosylation d'un anticorps |
| CN103959063A (zh) * | 2011-09-16 | 2014-07-30 | Cisbio生物试验公司 | 用于对抗体的糖基化进行测定的方法 |
| CN103959063B (zh) * | 2011-09-16 | 2016-11-09 | Cisbio生物试验公司 | 用于对抗体的糖基化进行测定的方法 |
| US9880176B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2018-01-30 | Cisbio Bioassays | Method for determining the glycosylation of an antibody |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0621019A2 (pt) | 2016-08-30 |
| CN101375165A (zh) | 2009-02-25 |
| CA2633321A1 (fr) | 2007-07-19 |
| US20090176220A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
| IL192141A0 (en) | 2008-12-29 |
| AU2006334549A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
| KR20080094777A (ko) | 2008-10-24 |
| JP2009519455A (ja) | 2009-05-14 |
| FR2894983A1 (fr) | 2007-06-22 |
| FR2894983B1 (fr) | 2012-08-17 |
| EP1977251A1 (fr) | 2008-10-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1824887B1 (fr) | Anticorps cytotoxique dirige contre les proliferations hematopoïetiques lymphoïdes de type b | |
| JP6309940B2 (ja) | インスリン受容体結合抗体 | |
| TWI485160B (zh) | 抗cd6單株抗體於治療疾病之用途 | |
| JP5885664B2 (ja) | スクリーニング法 | |
| EP2062047B1 (fr) | Methode d'investigation de la reponse a un traitement par un anticorps monoclonal | |
| WO2016156450A1 (fr) | Anticorps monoclonaux anti-cd303 | |
| JP2020512359A5 (fr) | ||
| EP1648513A2 (fr) | Utilisation d'anticorps anti-rhesus de produits dans la lignee yb2/0 | |
| KR102594943B1 (ko) | 혈관신생 저해제와 조합하여 사용하기 위한 항t세포 항원 결합 분자 | |
| EP3464359A1 (fr) | Anticorps pour le traitement de cancers | |
| EP1977251A1 (fr) | Test des caracterisations des anticorps | |
| EP1537419B1 (fr) | Procédé d'évaluation de l'efficacité ADCC médiée par le CD16 d'anticorps monoclonaux ou polyclonaux | |
| JP6274542B2 (ja) | 抗cd4抗体を有効成分とする抗がん剤の治療効果を判定する方法 | |
| Yadav et al. | HIV-1 transgenic rat CD4+ T cells develop decreased CD28 responsiveness and suboptimal Lck tyrosine dephosphorylation following activation | |
| FR2844521A1 (fr) | Mesure de la production de cytokines comme marqueur d'activation de cellules effectrices | |
| JP2023552762A (ja) | Cd6high細胞を選択的に標的化してteff細胞の活性を低下する方法 | |
| Getahun et al. | IgG-and IgE-mediated antigen presentation on MHC class II | |
| FR2861078A1 (fr) | NOUVELLES IgG3 UTILES POUR STIMULER LA PHAGOCYTOSE | |
| EP1933137A1 (fr) | Méthode d'investigation de la réponse à un traitement par un anticorps monoclonal | |
| Tashiro et al. | An asymmetric antibody repertoire is shaped between plasmablasts and plasma | |
| EP1969368A2 (fr) | Potentialisation de l' apoptose par des anticorps monoclonaux |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2008545044 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006334549 Country of ref document: AU |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 5143/DELNP/2008 Country of ref document: IN Ref document number: 2633321 Country of ref document: CA |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2006334549 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20061215 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2006334549 Country of ref document: AU |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020087016838 Country of ref document: KR |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006841947 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200680052870.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12097084 Country of ref document: US |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: PI0621019 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20080616 |