WO2007043311A1 - 窒素含有炭素材料およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
窒素含有炭素材料およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007043311A1 WO2007043311A1 PCT/JP2006/318842 JP2006318842W WO2007043311A1 WO 2007043311 A1 WO2007043311 A1 WO 2007043311A1 JP 2006318842 W JP2006318842 W JP 2006318842W WO 2007043311 A1 WO2007043311 A1 WO 2007043311A1
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
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- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/85—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by XPS, EDX or EDAX data
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- Nitrogen-containing carbon material and method for producing the same
- the present invention relates to a nitrogen-containing carbon material useful as an electrode material or the like and a method for producing the same.
- carbon materials have been mainly used as adsorbents, etc., but electronic properties such as conductivity, basic properties such as physical properties, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, lightness, heat resistance, etc.
- electronic properties such as conductivity, basic properties such as physical properties, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, lightness, heat resistance, etc.
- applications are being studied.
- due to the physical properties of electronic materials they have been used or studied in the field of electronic materials such as negative electrodes for lithium ion secondary batteries and electrodes for capacitors.
- Such a carbon material is produced by carbonization using coconut shells, coal coatas, coal or petroleum pitch, furan resin, phenol resin, and the like as raw materials.
- a method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material mainly, (1) a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using a low-molecular nitrogen-containing organic compound as a raw material, and (2) a low-molecular nitrogen-containing organic compound is used.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- a method of polymerizing as a raw material and carbonizing the obtained rosin is known.
- the CVD method itself is not suitable for industrial mass production, and in the process of CVD, halogen-containing compounds such as chlorine are used. If used, there is a problem with corrosion of the material, which is preferable.
- an expensive resin that is, a monomer that is a raw material of the resin is manufactured by a multistage reaction, the manufacturing process is complicated, or a large amount of monomer is industrially produced.
- carbides are produced using rosin as a raw material, there is a problem in that enormous amounts of raw materials and energy are consumed up to the production of carbon materials, taking into account the basic raw material power process.
- the polymerization process is complex, the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained by carbonization consumes more and more raw materials and energy. Therefore, it is expensive and unsatisfactory to supply for various applications.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained by CVD generally has a high hydrogen content with a low nitrogen content.
- -tolyl groups and halogen groups remain, and the interplanar distance of the layered structure tends to be shortened.
- Patent Document 6 Patent Document 9, and Patent Document 5
- pyrrole, 2, 3, 6, 7-tetracyanol 1, 4, 5, 8-tetraazanaphthalene, acetonitrile, and bromide-tolyl are used as raw materials.
- the nitrogen content is low or the hydrogen content is high.
- the peak position of the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) corresponding to the (002) plane is 26.5 ° (the inter-surface distance is 3.36 angstroms). Equivalent) and the distance between layers is short.
- Patent Document 11 discloses a production example of a nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained by a method in which pyrrole is polymerized and carbonized at a high temperature.
- the peak position of the diffraction angle (2 0) corresponding to the (002) plane is 26.0 °, which corresponds to the inter-plane distance of 3.42 angstroms.
- the laser Raman spectrum of the nitrogen-containing carbon material is also disclosed, the peak position, and 1600 cm- 1 corresponding to crystalline, a 1350 cm _1 corresponding to amorphous, almost peak There is no shift.
- the peak separation of 160 OCM _1 and 1350 cm _1 is clear. In other words, the half width of the Raman peak is narrow.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a nitrogen-containing carbon material produced by CVD, such as N vinyl 2 pyrrolidone. According to the laser Raman's vector data of the obtained nitrogen-containing carbon material, the nitrogen-containing carbon material has a peak in 1350 cm _1, the half-value width with a sharp half-width and 97cm _1, Ru. Patent Document 4 also discloses an example of producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material by pulverizing graphite powder in a high-pressure nitrogen atmosphere at a very strong crushing acceleration. However, the half-value width of 1350 cm _1 is not included. ! /, Has a relatively sharp half-value width of 87 cm_1 .
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained by the conventional technique has (i) a low nitrogen content. High hydrogen content, containing nitrile groups and halogen groups, (ii) short distance between (002) planes measured by X-ray diffraction, and (iii) laser Raman
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material satisfies at least one of the following four characteristics: the measured spectrum peak is not shifted, and (iv) the peak half-width is small and the crystallinity is high.
- Non-graphitizable carbon also referred to as hard carbon
- this is known to be advantageous for improving electric capacity (for example, non-patent document 2).
- propylene carbonate having excellent low-temperature operating characteristics can be used as a solvent for an electrolytic solution due to low crystallinity (for example, Non-Patent Document 3).
- a large interlayer distance is advantageous for the formation of an interlayer compound.
- it is advantageous for insertion and removal of lithium ions between layers.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-80914
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-10-21918
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-168587
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-798
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-277026
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-90588
- Patent Document 7 JP-A-9-27317
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-342463
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-137524
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-1306
- Patent Document 11 JP-A-8-165111
- Patent Document 12 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-362802
- Patent Document 13 JP-A-8-180866
- Patent Document 14 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-239456
- Non-patent document 1 High-capacity secondary battery for automobiles P140 CMC Publishing (2003)
- Non-patent document 2 Carbon material for negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery p4 Realize (
- Non Patent Literature 3 Carbon material for negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery pl l Realize (1996)
- the present invention utilizes a force directly derived from natural gas, a naphtha cracker fraction and! /! Basic chemical raw material, or a monomer produced as a by-product thereof. Furthermore, it is characterized in that the polymerization process and the subsequent powder process of the polymer are simple production methods, and the recovery rate of carbides is high in the carbonization process of the obtained powdered polymer. The purpose is to provide a method for producing energy- and resource-saving nitrogen-containing carbon materials.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material that is industrially simple and can be mass-produced.
- the present invention also relates to a laser Raman having a layered structure in which the content of nitrogen atoms is high, the content of hydrogen atoms is low, and the residual ratio of tolyl groups and halogen groups is low, and the interlayer distance is long.
- An object is to provide a novel nitrogen-containing carbon material having a specific peak shift in the spectrum.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a nitrogen-containing carbon material characterized by satisfying the following conditions (i), (ii) and (iii) in the nitrogen-containing carbon material:
- the half-value width of the peak P1 is characterized in that it is a 200 to 400 _ 1 (3) or a nitrogen-containing carbon material charge according to (4),
- the half-value width of the peak P2 is characterized in that it is a 30 ⁇ 200cm _ 1 (3) ⁇ (5)!, Nitrogen, according to whether the deviation 3 ⁇ 4 including talent,
- the intensity Q3 absorbance peak S3 in wavenumber 2800 to 3000 cm _ 1 the ratio of the intensity Q1 of the absorbance of the peak S1 of 1550 ⁇ 1640cm _ 1 (Q3ZQ1) is at 0.10 or less
- the intensity Q4 absorbance peak S4 of wavenumber 3000 ⁇ 3500cm _ 1 the ratio of the intensity Q1 of the absorbance of the peak S1 of 1550 ⁇ 1640cm _ 1 (Q4ZQ1) is at 0.80 or less
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to any one of (3) to (10),
- the production method of the present invention is produced as a by-product in the production process of monomers such as acrylonitrile, etc., and has been used as a polymer raw material, which has not been utilized in the past. It is.
- the production method of the present invention is an efficient production method that is easy to produce because the polymer as a precursor is easily polymerized and has a high recovery rate of carbides in the carbonization step of the polymer. Since the obtained nitrogen-containing carbon material is a further powder, there is no need for a molding step such as a resin and fiberizing step and a subsequent pulverizing step, and the handleability is excellent.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material of the present invention has a layered structure in which the nitrogen atom content is high, the hydrogen atom content is low, the nitrile group residual ratio is low, and the interlayer distance is long. It is a novel nitrogen-containing carbon material that has a specific peak shift and a promising peak that is considered to exhibit an index of crystallinity.
- the present invention is characterized by being produced by carbonizing azulmic acid in an inert gas atmosphere. This is a nitrogen-containing carbon material.
- the present invention is a method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material, which is produced by carbonizing azulmic acid in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the present invention is a nitrogen-containing carbon material characterized by satisfying the following conditions (1), (2) and (3):
- the abundance ratio of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, and hydrogen atoms is determined using a CHN analyzer.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material that does not satisfy the formula (I) is that (H / C) is large, is short, or (NZC) is small, and the conjugated system is sufficiently developed. ! /, Or a low nitrogen content! /, Which is unfavorable.
- the atomic ratio of nitrogen atoms to carbon atoms (NZC) and the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms (HZC) preferably satisfy the following relational expressions.
- a nitrogen-containing carbon material that does not satisfy the formula (IV) is not preferable because it consumes a large amount of equipment, resources, and energy in the production process of azulmic acid and the carbonization process of azulmic acid.
- Expressions (I) to (VI) are derived as a range surrounding the embodiment of FIG. 15 in the embodiment. That is, it is a region surrounded by a line substantially parallel to the inclination of the line connecting the examples.
- (H / C) is 0.01-0.5, more preferably 0.05-0.40, and even more preferably 0.05-0.35. Particularly preferred is ⁇ or 0.05 to 0.15.
- (NZC) is 0.03 ⁇ : L 0, preferably 0.05 ⁇ 0.7, more preferably 0.08 ⁇ 0.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention is small! /, (H / C), it is large.
- NZC NZC
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention may contain elements other than carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, and hydrogen atoms.
- the content of other elements is preferably 15% by weight or less, more preferably 7% by weight or less, particularly preferably 100% by weight or less with respect to 100% by weight of the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention. Or less than 3% by weight.
- Examples of other elements include oxygen elements. This oxygen element often exists in the form of a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group. When used in electronic materials, if these functional groups are large, irreversible adsorption occurs, which is not preferable. The presence of halogen elements such as chlorine and bromine is preferable because of corrosion of the material.
- the content of halogen element is preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 3% by weight or less, still more preferably 1% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 0.1% by weight or less.
- the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) is 23.5. It has a peak at a position of -25. 5 ° and a peak at a position of 23.7-25. 0, preferably S, and more preferably has a peak at 23.9-24. 5 °. It is preferable that the peak has a high intensity at a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of 15 to 50 °.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention has a layered structure.
- interlayer distance is equivalent to 3.49-3.78 angstroms
- preferred interlayer distance is equivalent to 3.56-3.75 angstroms
- more preferred interlayer distance is equivalent to 3. 64-3.7.72 angstroms.
- a large interlayer distance is advantageous for forming an intercalation compound.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention has a wave number of 1000 to 2000 cm _ 1 in the laser Raman spectrum diagram! peak P1 between 355 ⁇ 1385cm _ 1, even with the peak P2 between 1550 ⁇ 1620cm _ 1! ⁇ U without small with two major peaks.
- the ratio of (LZH1) described later is 0.70 to 0.95, preferably 0.86 to 0.93, particularly The preferred range is 0.88 to 0.91.
- the ratio of (LZH1) in the laser Raman spectrum diagram of the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention is a value related to the half width of the peak. The full width at half maximum is small! /, And the value power of (L / H1) is reduced, the full width at half maximum is increased, and the value of (L / H1) is increased.
- (LZH1) is used as an index of the full width at half maximum, but the full width at half maximum can also be measured by performing peak separation. Peak separation is a well-known Lorentz function, Gaussian function, etc. It can be done using the method. It can be easily understood by those skilled in the art that a function having a high fitting ratio may be appropriately used for peak separation!
- the half width of the peak P 1, 200 to 400 _1 force transducer preferred, preferably from 250 ⁇ 350Cm _1 force, preferably especially 270 to it is a 320cm _1.
- the ratio of (LZH2) described later is 0.60 to 0.90, more preferably 0.63 to 0.85. And particularly preferably from 0.75 to 0.84.
- the ratio of (LZH2) in the laser Raman spectrum of the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention is a value related to the half width of the peak. If the full width at half maximum is small, the value force S of (LZH2) is small, and if the full width at half maximum is large, the value of (LZH2) is large.
- (LZH2) is used as an index of half width, but half width can be measured by performing peak separation. Peak separation can be performed using known methods such as Lorentz function and Gaussian function. It can be easily understood by those skilled in the art that a function having a high fitting rate is appropriately used for peak separation.
- the half width of the peak P 2 preferably 30 ⁇ 200Cm _1 force S, preferably from 80 ⁇ 170Cm _1 force S, particularly preferably 100 ⁇ 150cm _1 .
- P2 is the Raman shift in the laser Raman spectrum diagram is the main two peaks between from 1,340 to 162 OCM _1.
- P1 is a peak between 1355 ⁇ 1385cm _1
- P2 is a peak between 1550 ⁇ 1620cm _1.
- the peak intensity using an Ar laser (wavelength 540 nm, 2 mW), Bimusai's 5, the operation range 1000 ⁇ 2000Cm _1, is lasers one Raman spectral diagram force measurement obtained when measured accumulated time 5 minutes.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example of a laser Raman spectrum of the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the ratio of (LZH1) and (LZH2) used in the present invention, and is a laser Raman spectrum diagram obtained from the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention. It is not something to limit.
- B1 is the intensity value of 1000 to 1300 cm _1 / J
- B2 is 1700 It is the minimum of the intensity value between ⁇ 2000cm _1.
- the base line in the laser Raman spectrum used in the present invention is a straight line connecting Bl and B2.
- Cl and C2 shown in FIG. 1 are the intersections of a perpendicular line and a baseline drawn from the peaks P1 and P2 to the Raman shift axis, respectively.
- D is the minimum intensity value between the peaks P1 and P2
- M force is the intersection of the perpendicular line drawn to the Raman shift axis and the baseline
- the height L is the perpendicular line drawn to the M force Raman shift axis.
- the length to the intersection of the baseline Specifically, in the laser Raman spectrum diagram illustrated in Fig. 1, it is the length of the line segment MD.
- the height HI is the length from the point P1 to the intersection of the vertical line and the baseline that are lowered to the Raman shift axis.
- the length of the line segment P1C1 corresponds to the height HI.
- Height H2 is the length from P2 to the intersection of the perpendicular line and the baseline that descends from the Raman shift axis.
- the length of the line segment P2C 2 corresponds to the height H2.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention includes Nls XPS spectra obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [40! 0 ⁇ 0.3 eV, and 398. 0 ⁇ 0.5 eV [Preferably having a peak. More preferred are 401.0 ⁇ 0.2 eV and 398.0 ⁇ 0.3 eV, and particularly preferred are 401.0 ⁇ 0. LeV and 398.0 ⁇ 0. LeV.
- the peak near 401eV corresponds to the nitrogen element of Center type and Valley type
- the peak near 398eV corresponds to the nitrogen element of Top type (for example, Carbon 40 C, 597-608 ( This means that nitrogen atoms exist as quaternized nitrogen or pyridine nitrogen in the plane and end of the plane of the carbon network, respectively, in the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention.
- XPS is an X-ray source: A1 tube (A1— ⁇ ⁇ -ray), tube voltage: 15 kV, tube current: 10 mA, analysis area: 600 m X 300 m Ellipse, capture region: Nls, Cls, Pass-Energy: 20eV, defined as the value measured with energy correction at the C Is peak position.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention in the infrared absorption spectrum wavenumber force 1550-16 giving the maximum value of the peak intensity of the absorbances at wave numbers of 150 0 ⁇ 1800cm _1 It is preferably 40 cm.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material contact the infrared absorption spectrum, Te, and strength Q2 absorbance peak S2 of wavenumber from 2,200 to 22 80 cm _1, the intensity Q1 of the absorbance of the peak S1 at 1550 ⁇ 1640Cm _1
- the ratio (Q2ZQ1) force is preferably 0.07 or less. More preferably, it is 0.05 or less, and particularly preferably 0.02 or less.
- the absorbance peak at a wave number of 2200 to 2280 cm_1 is a peak derived from a nitrile group, and is preferably small.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material has an absorbance peak S3 intensity Q3 at a wave number of 2800-30 OOcnT 1 and an absorbance peak S1 intensity Q1 at 1550-1640 cm _1 in an infrared absorption spectrum diagram.
- the ratio (Q3ZQ1) force is preferably 0.10 or less. More preferably, it is 0.05 or less, and particularly preferably 0.02 or less.
- the absorbance peak at a wave number of 2800 to 3000 cm_1 is a peak derived from the C—H group, and is preferably small.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material has an absorbance peak S4 intensity Q4 at a wave number of 3000 to 35 OOcnT 1 and an absorbance peak S1 intensity Q1 at 1550 to 1640 cm _1 in an infrared absorption spectrum diagram.
- the ratio (Q4ZQ1) force is preferably 0.80 or less. More preferably, it is 0.70 or less, and particularly preferably 0.6 or less.
- Absorbance peaks at wave numbers 3000 to 3500 cm _1 are peaks derived from N—H groups and O—H groups, and are preferably small.
- the intensity Q1 of the peak S1 is defined as follows.
- the A1 and the point indicating the minimum absorbance of 1000 to 1200 _1, shall be the point showing the minimum absorbance between 1700 ⁇ 1900Cm _1 to A2.
- Baseline A1A2 is a straight line connecting Al and A2.
- E1 is the intersection of the base line A1A2 and the perpendicular line drawn from the peak S1 to the wave number axis of the infrared absorption spectrum.
- the intensity Q1 of the peak S1 is the length of the line segment S1E1 from the S1 to the intersection E1 of the perpendicular line and the baseline drawn down from the wave number axis of the infrared absorption spectrum.
- the intensity Q2 of the peak S2 is defined as follows. The A3 and the point indicating the minimum absorbance 2100 ⁇ 2200cm _1, it shall be the point showing the minimum absorbance between 2280 ⁇ 2400Cm _1 to A4. Baseline A3 A4 is a straight line connecting A3 and A4. [0065] Next, E2 is the intersection of the perpendicular line drawn from the peak S2 to the wave number axis of the infrared absorption spectrum and the baseline A3A4. The intensity Q2 of the peak S2 is the length of the line segment S2E2 from the S2 to the intersection E2 of the perpendicular line and the baseline drawn from the wave number axis of the infrared absorption spectrum.
- the intensity Q3 of the peak S3 is defined as follows.
- Baseline A5A6 is a straight line connecting A5 and A6.
- E3 is the intersection of the perpendicular line drawn from the peak S3 to the wave number axis of the infrared absorption spectrum and the baseline A5A6.
- the intensity Q3 of the peak S3 is the length of the line segment S3E3 from the S3 to the intersection E3 of the vertical line and the baseline drawn down from the wave number axis of the infrared absorption spectrum.
- the intensity Q4 of the peak S4 is defined as follows.
- Baseline A7A8 is a straight line connecting A7 and A8.
- E4 is the intersection of the base line A7A8 and a perpendicular line drawn from the peak S4 to the wave number axis of the infrared absorption spectrum.
- the intensity Q4 of the peak S4 is the length of the line segment S4E4 from the S4 to the intersection E4 of the perpendicular line and the baseline drawn down to the wave number axis of the infrared absorption spectrum.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material of the present invention is a nitrogen-containing carbon material having the characteristics defined in the present invention, any production method and starting material will not be used.
- it can be produced mainly by carbonizing azulmic acid obtained by polymerizing hydrocyanic acid.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a process for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention.
- the production method according to the present invention includes a step of polymerizing a raw material containing hydrocyanic acid in step S10 and a step of carbonizing the azulmic acid obtained in step S10 (step S12).
- step S10 The hydrocyanic acid used in step S10 of the production method according to the present invention is not limited to the following method. Any one produced by a known method can be used.
- this method is used in a method of producing acrylonitrile or metataronitrile by a gas phase catalytic reaction in which propylene, isobutylene, tert-butyl alcohol, propane or isobutane is reacted with ammonia or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst. What is produced can be used. For this reason, the hydrocyanic acid used in step S10 can be obtained very inexpensively.
- a raw material that produces hydrocyanic acid by an ammonium acid reaction such as methanol may be supplied to the reactor.
- hydrocyanic acid produced by the Andrewsso method in which methane, which is a main component of natural gas, is reacted with ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst can be used.
- This method is also a method for obtaining hydrocyanic acid at a very low price because of using methane.
- the azulmic acid used in step S12 of the production method according to the present invention is not limited to the following method! /, But is a black to black brown hydrocyanic acid polymer obtained by polymerizing a raw material mainly containing hydrocyanic acid. Yes (see step S10).
- the raw material containing hydrocyanic acid used in the present invention has an abundance ratio of other polymerizable substances to hydrocyanic acid of 40% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less, and further preferably 5% by weight or less. Particularly preferably, it is 1% by weight or less.
- Azulmic acid can be produced by polymerizing hydrocyanic acid by various methods (see step S10). For example, heating liquefied hydrocyanic acid or aqueous hydrocyanic acid solution or leaving it for a long time, adding a base, irradiating light, emitting high energy, various discharges, electrolysis of aqueous potassium cyanide solution, etc.
- known methods see, for example, Angew. Chem. 72 ⁇ , 379-384 (1960) and references thereof, and vacuum science, 16 ⁇ , 64-22 (1969) and references thereof. The described method can be illustrated.
- a base examples include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cyanate sodium, cyanate potassium, triethylamine and the like. I'll do it.
- Azulmic acid can also be produced by recovering it from the purification process power of hydrocyanic acid produced as a by-product in the process of ammonic acid such as propylene.
- (Chemical Formula 1) is a linear structure
- (Chemical Formula 2) and (Chemical Formula 3) are ladder structures
- (C) 4 and (Chemical Formula 5) are structures condensed between ladders.
- there is a structure in which condensation occurs between structures condensed between ladders and a structure in which bonds or condensation occur between (Chemical Formula 1), (Chemical Formula 2), (Chemical Formula 3), (Chemical Formula 4), and (Chemical Formula 5). It is estimated that there will be.
- composition of azulmic acid used in the present invention can be measured using a CHN analyzer.
- (Weight% of nitrogen element) Z (wt% of carbon element) is preferably between 0.2 and 1.0. Or from 0 3 to 0.9, and particularly preferably from 0 4 to 0.9.
- (Weight of hydrogen element. / O) (Weight% of carbon element) is preferably 0.03 to 02, more preferably 005 to 015, and particularly preferably 008 to 011.
- Azunoremin acid used in the present invention Te per cent Rere laser Raman scan Bae click Bok Honoré view of wavenumber 1000 ⁇ 2000cm one 1, Ramanshifu Bok force 1300 ⁇ : I400cm _1, 1500 ⁇ : 1600cm- 1 of pins in position It is preferable to have a peak at a position of 1360 to 1380 cm—1530 to: 1550 cm— 1 .
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an example of a laser Raman spectrum of aznoremic acid used in the present invention.
- Azunoremin acid used in the present invention in the laser Raman spectrum of wave numbers 1000 ⁇ 2000c m _1, a peak P3 between 1300 ⁇ 1400Cm- 1, that peak P4 between 1500 ⁇ 1600Cm _1 Preferably it has at least two major peaks.
- a peak P3 is 1350 ⁇ 1390Cm _1
- peak P4 is 151 0 ⁇ : 1570cm- located between 1, more preferably the peak P3 force 360 ⁇ 1380cm one 1, peak P 4 months 1530 ⁇ 1550Cm- 1 ⁇ ⁇
- (H3ZH4), (L1 / H3) and (L1 / H4) shown in Fig. 3 use Ar laser (wavelength 540nm, 2mW), beam size 5 //, operation range 1000-2000cm — ⁇ , the peak ratio of the laser Raman spectrum obtained when the measurement time is 5 minutes, and is defined as follows.
- B3 is a minimum intensity value of 1000 to 1300 cm- 1
- B4 is a minimum intensity value of 1700 to 2000 cm_1 .
- the base line in the laser Raman spectrum used in the present invention is a straight line connecting B3 and B4.
- C3 and C4 shown in Fig. 3 are the intersections of the perpendicular line and the baseline where the peak P3 and P4 forces are also lowered on the Raman shift axis, respectively.
- D1 is the intersection of the minimum intensity value Ml between peaks P3 and P4 from the perpendicular to the Raman shift axis and the baseline, and the height L1 is the perpendicular and baseline drawn from Ml to the Raman shift axis.
- the length to the intersection of is Specifically, it is the length of the line segment MIDI in the laser Raman spectrum diagram illustrated in Fig. 3.
- the height H3 is the length from the peak P3 to the intersection of the perpendicular line drawn down to the Raman shift axis and the baseline, and corresponds to the line segment P3C3.
- Height H4, P4 force is also on the Raman shift axis
- the ratio of azulmic acid used in the present invention is 0.5 to 1.0, preferably 0.6 to 0.9, and more preferably 0.7 to 0.8. . Further, it (Ll / H3) i of azulmic acid used in the present invention is 0.4 to 0.9, preferably 0.6 to 0.8, and more preferably 0.65 to 0.75. It is. On the other hand, the ratio (L1ZH4) of azulmic acid used in the present invention is 0.70 to 0.99, preferably 0.80 to 0.95, and more preferably 0.65 to 0.75. .
- the azulmic acid used in the present invention has a diffraction angle (2 0) of 26.8 ⁇ 1 ° in the range of 10 to 50 ° in the X-ray diffraction diagram obtained by using CuKa rays as an X-ray source.
- a strong peak is shown at the position, preferably at 26.8 ⁇ 0.5 °, and more preferably at the position of 26.8 ⁇ 0.2 °.
- the azurmic acid used in the present invention has a diffraction angle (2 0) of 12.3 in the range of 10 to 50 ° in the X-ray diffraction diagram obtained using the CuK strand as the X-ray source.
- a peak also appears at the ⁇ 1 ° position, preferably at the 12.3 ⁇ 0.5 ° position.
- the azulmic acid used in the present invention is subjected to peak separation using a well-known function having a high fitting rate such as a Lorentz function or a Gaussian function in its X-ray diffraction diagram, and the half-width of the peak is in a specific range. Preferably to be in.
- the position at 26.8 ⁇ 1 ° after peak separation was performed using a Lorentz function or a Gaussian function with a high power fit factor.
- the full width at half maximum of the peak is 6 to 12 °, preferably 8 to 10 °, and more preferably 8.5 to 9.5 °.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of azulmic acid used in the present invention suggests that the azulmic acid has a layered structure.
- Such an example is not known in the precursor before the carbonization of the nitrogen-containing carbon material.
- such a structure of the precursor before carbonization is advantageous in that it exhibits characteristics of a layered structure, a high nitrogen content, and a low hydrogen content. Inferred.
- the azulmic acid used in the present invention is preferably 30% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less, particularly preferably, when Soxhlet extraction is carried out for 5 hours in black mouth form. Is less than 1% by weight.
- the eluted fraction is a low molecular weight compound or a linear polymer, and a large amount of eluted fraction means that the degree of polymerization is increased.
- the azulmic acid used in the present invention is not limited to the following, but can be obtained by polymerizing a raw material mainly containing hydrocyanic acid.
- the method of polymerizing hydrocyanic acid is suitable as a method for producing azulmic acid having the above-mentioned laser Raman spectrum having a specific peak and X-ray diffraction pattern.
- the carbonization method of azulmic acid used in the present invention is not limited to the following, but a rotating furnace, a tunnel furnace, a tubular furnace, a fluidized firing furnace, etc. are used, and azulmic acid is not used. It is carried out by heat treatment in an active gas atmosphere in the range of 600 to 3000 ° C, preferably 700 to 2000 ° C, more preferably 750 to 1500 ° C, and particularly preferably 800 to L 100 ° C.
- the inert gas include, but are not limited to, the following gases: inert gases such as nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, carbon dioxide, and vacuum, and nitrogen gas is preferred.
- the inert gas is circulated, although it may be stationary or circulated.
- the oxygen concentration in the inert gas is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 1% or less, and particularly preferably lOOOppm or less.
- the carbonization time is in the range of 10 seconds to 100 hours, preferably 5 minutes to 10 hours, more preferably 15 minutes to 5 hours, and even more preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours.
- the pressure in the carbonization process is 0.01 to 5 MPa, preferably 0.75 to LMPa, more preferably LMPa, 0.08 to 0.3 MPa, particularly preferably ⁇ to 0.009 to 0.1 5 MPa. is there.
- High-pressure treatment is not preferable because it has a diamond structure composed of sp3 orbitals.
- a stabilization treatment may be performed in which heat treatment is performed in air at a relatively low temperature.
- a nitrogen-containing carbon material satisfying a high nitrogen content and a low hydrogen content can be obtained without stabilization treatment.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material produced by the production method according to the present invention preferably has a layered structure constituted by sp2 orbitals.
- the production method according to the present invention is a method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material including a step of carbonizing azulmic acid.
- the azulmic acid can be obtained by polymerizing a raw material containing hydrocyanic acid.
- the method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention is suitable for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material satisfying the following (1), (2) and (3):
- NZC nitrogen atom to carbon atom
- HZC hydrogen atom to carbon atom
- azulmic acid was recovered in the step shown in FIG.
- this crude hydrocyanic acid vapor (10) was maintained at 40-50 ° C through a heated pipe, and sulfur dioxide gas 0.035KgZh and nitrogen gas 18m3Zh were added as stabilizers, and the gas in the lower part of the hydrocyanic acid absorption tower 7 was Sent to the phase.
- the cyanide absorption tower 7 has a diameter of 0.5 m, a height of 9 m, 10 trays, and a multi-tube falling liquid film cooling zone of 0.5 m.
- Absorbent (11) was sent to the top of the cyanate absorber 7 after cooling 3000 kgZh of the bottom of the cyanide refiner 3 to 104 ° C to 5 ° C.
- the amount of hydrocyanic acid contained in the evolved gas l l lkgZh (14) from the top of the hydrocyanic acid absorption tower 7 was ⁇ m or less.
- the analysis apparatus and analysis conditions in the examples are as follows.
- the Raman spectrum was measured under the following conditions by crushing the sample with an agate mortar and mounting it on a powder cell.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern was measured under the following conditions after pulverizing the sample with an agate mortar and filling the powder cell.
- the XPS spectrum was measured under the following conditions after pulverizing the sample with an agate mortar and filling the powder cell.
- Equipment ESCALAB250 manufactured by Thermo Electron
- X-ray source A1 tube (A1— ⁇ ⁇ -ray), tube voltage: 15 kV, tube current: 10 mA, analysis area: 600 m X 300 m ellipse, capture area: Nls, Cls, Pas s— Energy: 20eV.
- a Varian Co. FTS575CZUMA500, transmission method, MCT detector was measured under the conditions of a resolution 4 cm _ 1. Samples were prepared using KBr with a spectrum easily measured, diluted to a concentration (about 100 times), and tableted at a press pressure of 200 kgZcm2.
- composition of azulmic acid obtained in the above production example was 40.0% by weight of carbon element, 29.8% by weight of nitrogen element, and 4.1% by weight of hydrogen element. Since the adsorbed water remains under the dry conditions here, the difference is probably due to the oxygen and hydrogen elements of the adsorbed water.
- FIG. 5 shows a laser Raman spectrum of azulmic acid obtained in the production example of the present invention. From the laser Raman spectrum shown in FIG. 5, the azulmic acid obtained in the above production example was 1000 to 2000 cm _1 . 1375cm _ 1 [This is strong!
- FIG. 6 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of azulmic acid obtained in the production example of the present invention.
- the azulmic acid obtained in the above production example from the X-ray diffraction pattern shown in Fig. 6 has a strong peak at 27.0 ° between 5 and 50 °, and a broad peak around 12.3 °. It was.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 1 was carbon element: 68.6% by weight, nitrogen element: 24.0% by weight, and hydrogen element: 1.8% by weight.
- the atomic ratio of nitrogen to carbon (NZC) is 0.30.
- the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms (HZ C) is 0.31.
- FIG. 7 shows a laser Raman spectral diagram of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 1 of the present invention. From the laser Raman spectrum diagram shown in FIG. 7, the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 1, between the 1000 ⁇ 2000Cm _1, around 1355 cm _1, has a peak near 1570cm _1, (LZH1) is 0. 85.
- Fig. 8 shows the result of fitting the above-mentioned laser Raman spectrum diagram with a Gaussian function with 2 peaks.
- Full width at half maximum of the peak of 1355cm _1 is 302cm _1
- full width at half maximum of the peak of 1570cm _ 1 was 137cm _1. It can be seen that the full width at half maximum is very large, in addition to a large chemical shift compared to ordinary carbon materials.
- FIG. 9 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 1 of the present invention.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 1 is 5 Between -50 °, it had a main peak around 25.0 ° and a peak around 44.7 °. From the entire X-ray diffraction pattern, it can be seen that the film has a layered structure.
- FIG. 10 shows an XPS spectrum diagram of N 1 s of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 1 of the present invention.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 1 has peaks at positions of 398. OeV and 40.7 eV between 392 and 410 eV. Had.
- Nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 1 there are wave number providing the maximum value of the peak intensity of the absorbance in 1612 cm _1 at a wave number 1500 ⁇ 1800cm _1, Q2 peak, Q3 peak was not observed, (Q2ZQ1) Was less than 0.01 and (Q3ZQ1) was less than 0.01. (Q4 ZQ1) was 0.50.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 2 was carbon element: 89.2% by weight, nitrogen element: 8.7% by weight, and hydrogen element: 0.8% by weight.
- the atomic ratio of nitrogen to carbon (NZC) is 0.085.
- the atomic ratio (HZC) of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms is 0.10.
- FIG. 11 shows a laser Raman spectrum diagram of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 2 of the present invention.
- Laser Raman spectral diagram force I Chikararu so shown in FIG. 11, the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained second embodiment 2, among the 1000 ⁇ 2000Cm _1, near 1382cm _1, 15 It had a peak near 85 cm and (LZH1) was 0 88.
- Fig. 12 shows the result of fitting the above-mentioned laser Raman spectrum diagram with a Gaussian function with 2 peaks.
- the half-value width of the peak of 1382cm _1 is 298cm- 1
- the half-value width of the peak of 1585Cm- 1 was 122cm- 1. It can be seen that the full width at half maximum is very large, in addition to a large chemical shift compared to ordinary carbon materials.
- FIG. 13 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 2 of the present invention.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 2 has a major peak between 24 and 1 ° between 5 and 50 °, and also around 44 and 3 °. It had a peak. It can be seen that it has a very large interlayer structure. It can be seen from the entire diffractogram that it has a layered structure.
- FIG. 14 shows an NLS XPS spectrum diagram of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 2 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 14, the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 2 has peaks at 398.0 eV and 401.0 eV between 392 and 410 eV. Had.
- the wave number giving the maximum peak intensity of the absorbance at wave number isoo isoocn 1 is 1612 cm -1 , and the Q2 peak and Q3 peak are not observed (Q2 / Q1) was less than 0.01 and (Q3 / Q1) force was less than 0.01. (Q4 / Q1) was 0.47.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 3 was carbon element: 56.6% by weight, nitrogen element: 32.1% by weight, hydrogen element: 2.2% by weight.
- the atomic ratio of nitrogen to carbon (NZC) is 0.30.
- the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms (HZ C) is 0.31.
- Nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 3 of the present invention among the 1000 ⁇ 2000Cm _1, around 1 360 cm _1, has a peak near 1593cm _1, (LZH1) was 0.76.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 3 of the present invention had a major peak around 25.1 ° and a peak around 44.3 ° between 5 and 50 °. The fact that it has a very large interlayer structure is surprising.
- Melamine rosin with the highest nitrogen content was carbonized as a precursor of nitrogen-containing carbon materials. That is, 12 g of melamine resin was filled in a quartz tube having an inner diameter of 25 mm, and carbonized at 800 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 1.5 g of a nitrogen-containing carbon material. The recovery rate is 13%.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Comparative Example 1 was carbon element: 68.2% by weight, nitrogen element: 17.9% by weight, and hydrogen element: 1.9% by weight.
- the atomic ratio (NZC) of nitrogen to carbon is 0.22.
- the ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms (HZ C) is 0.35.
- a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 25 mm was filled with 12 g of melamine resin, and carbonized at 1000 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain 1. Og of a nitrogen-containing carbon material. Recovery rate is 8%
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Comparative Example 2 was carbon element: 78.2% by weight, nitrogen element: 7.8% by weight, and hydrogen element: 1.5% by weight.
- the atomic ratio of nitrogen to carbon (NZC) is 0.080.
- the atomic ratio (HZC) of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms is 0.23.
- a quartz tube having an inner diameter of 25 mm was filled with 12 g of polyarlin and carbonized at 800 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 2.8 g of a nitrogen-containing carbon material.
- the recovery rate is 23%.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Comparative Example 3 was carbon element: 77.3% by weight, nitrogen element: 7.5% by weight, and hydrogen element: 2.0% by weight.
- the atomic ratio of nitrogen to carbon (NZC) is 0.08.
- the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms (HZC) is 0.31.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Comparative Example 4 was carbon element: 92.0% by weight, nitrogen element: 2.7% by weight, and hydrogen element: 1.0% by weight.
- the atomic ratio of nitrogen to carbon (NZC) is 0.02.
- the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms (HZC) is 0.13.
- a quartz tube having an inner diameter of 25 mm was filled with 12 g of polyatari mouth-tolyl and carbonized at 800 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 4 g of a nitrogen-containing carbon material.
- the recovery rate is 33%.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Comparative Example 5 was carbon element: 77.0% by weight, nitrogen element: 13.9% by weight, and hydrogen element: 1.8% by weight.
- the ratio of the number of nitrogen atoms to carbon atoms (NZC) is 0.15.
- the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms (HZ C) is 0.28.
- a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 25 mm was filled with 12 g of polyacrylonitrile and carbonized at 1000 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain 2.9 g of a nitrogen-containing carbon material.
- the recovery rate is 24%.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Comparative Example 6 was carbon element: 89.9% by weight, nitrogen element: 6.0% by weight, and hydrogen element: 1.2% by weight.
- the atomic ratio of nitrogen to carbon (NZC) is 0.057.
- the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms (HZC) is 0.16.
- a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 25 mm was filled with 12 g of wholly aromatic polyimide, and carbonized at 800 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain 6.9 g of a nitrogen-containing carbon material.
- the recovery rate is 58%.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Comparative Example 7 was carbon element: 80.5% by weight, nitrogen element: 3.8% by weight, and hydrogen element: 2.0% by weight.
- the atomic ratio of nitrogen to carbon (NZC) is 0.04.
- the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms (HZC) is 0.30.
- a quartz tube with an inner diameter of 25 mm was filled with 12 g of wholly aromatic polyimide, and carbonized at 1000 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain 6.4 g of a nitrogen-containing carbon material.
- the recovery rate is 54%.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Comparative Example 8 was composed of carbon element: 86.1% by weight, nitrogen. Element: 1.8% by weight, hydrogen element: 1.0% by weight.
- the atomic ratio of nitrogen to carbon (NZC) is 0.02.
- the atomic ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms (HZC) is 0.14.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in the example and the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in the comparative example are compared with the horizontal axis of (HZC) and the vertical axis of (N / C).
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material of the present invention has a high nitrogen content even though the hydrogen content is low.
- the nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention has a specific laser Raman spectrum in which the nitrogen atom content is high, the hydrogen atom content is low, the nitrile group content is low, and the interlayer distance is large.
- an electrode material such as a lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode, a capacitor electrode, and a fuel cell electrode.
- the production method according to the present invention is useful as a method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material satisfying a high nitrogen content and a low hydrogen content while satisfying the economical efficiency of production.
- the production method according to the present invention includes a step of polymerizing a raw material containing hydrocyanic acid in step S10 and a step of carbonizing the azulmic acid obtained in step S10 (step S12).
- the process for producing azulmic acid from hydrocyanic acid is used in order to produce azulmic acid because the hydrocyanic acid used in step S10 is a direct derivative from basic chemical raw materials and is also a by-product in the production of monomers and the like.
- This is a method for producing a precursor of a nitrogen-containing carbon material that consumes less amounts and resources.
- cyanide is easily polymerized, so the polymerization process is simple, and the resulting polymer is obtained as a smooth powder, so it is easy to handle, and there is also a process for making powder such as a pulverization process. It is unnecessary.
- a polymer of cyanic acid which has not been used in the past, will be used effectively.
- the present invention is a method for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material with high energy consumption and low resource consumption in the carbonization step of step S12.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example of a laser Raman spectrum of a nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a process for producing a nitrogen-containing carbon material according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an example of a laser Raman spectrum of azulmic acid used in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a cyanic acid purification step and an azulmic acid recovery step performed in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a laser Raman spectrum of azulmic acid obtained in the production example of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of azulmic acid obtained in the production example of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows a laser Raman spectrum of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the result of fitting the laser Raman spectrum obtained in Example 1 of the present invention with a Gaussian function with a peak number of 2.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the result of fitting the laser Raman spectrum obtained in Example 1 of the present invention with a Gaussian function with a peak number of 2.
- FIG. 9 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 shows an NLS XPS spectrum diagram of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 shows a laser romance vector diagram of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a result obtained by fitting the laser Raman spectrum obtained in Example 2 of the present invention with a Gaussian function with a peak number of 2.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a result obtained by fitting the laser Raman spectrum obtained in Example 2 of the present invention with a Gaussian function with a peak number of 2.
- FIG. 13 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 shows an NLS XPS spectrum diagram of the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram comparing the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in the example and the nitrogen-containing carbon material obtained in the comparative example, with (HZC) on the horizontal axis and (NZC) on the vertical axis. Indicates. Explanation of symbols
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| US11/992,423 US8034976B2 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-22 | Nitrogen-containing carbon material and method of producing the same |
| EP06810455A EP1939141A4 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-22 | NITROGEN-CONTAINING CARBON MATERIAL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
| JP2007539852A JP4766701B2 (ja) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-22 | 窒素含有炭素材料およびその製造方法 |
| CN2006800359696A CN101277900B (zh) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-22 | 含氮碳质材料及其制造方法 |
| KR1020107023154A KR101134339B1 (ko) | 2005-09-30 | 2006-09-22 | 질소 함유 탄소 재료 및 그 제조 방법 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8034976B2 (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP1939141A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4766701B2 (ja) |
| KR (2) | KR101016586B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101277900B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2007043311A1 (ja) |
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| JP2010111518A (ja) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-20 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 窒素含有炭素材料及びその製造方法 |
| JP2011256093A (ja) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-22 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 窒素含有炭素材料 |
| US8092771B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2012-01-10 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Nitrogen-containing carbon material and process for producing the same |
| JP2012216330A (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-08 | Kumamoto Univ | 非水系二次電池用電極材料 |
| JP2012221735A (ja) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-11-12 | Kumamoto Univ | 燃料電池用電極触媒 |
| JP2012246185A (ja) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-12-13 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | アズルミン酸混合液及びその製造方法 |
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| JP2014156381A (ja) * | 2013-02-18 | 2014-08-28 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 青酸重合物及びその製造方法 |
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| WO2015137377A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-09-17 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 窒素含有炭素材料及びその製造方法、並びに、スラリー、インク、及び燃料電池用電極 |
| JP2021066618A (ja) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-30 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質炭素材料、多孔質炭素材料の製造方法、複合体、複合体の製造方法、リチウム硫黄電池用の正極、及びリチウム硫黄電池 |
| JP2022040599A (ja) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-11 | 国立大学法人北陸先端科学技術大学院大学 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質 |
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| JP2898520B2 (ja) | 1993-09-24 | 1999-06-02 | 科学技術振興事業団 | 窒素含有炭素膜の製造方法 |
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| JP2005239456A (ja) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-09-08 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 窒素含有炭素およびその製造方法 |
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- 2006-09-22 CN CN2006800359696A patent/CN101277900B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-22 JP JP2007539852A patent/JP4766701B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-22 KR KR1020087007523A patent/KR101016586B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-22 KR KR1020107023154A patent/KR101134339B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-22 EP EP06810455A patent/EP1939141A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-22 EP EP12004775.8A patent/EP2527294B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-09-22 US US11/992,423 patent/US8034976B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-22 WO PCT/JP2006/318842 patent/WO2007043311A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| JP2003137524A (ja) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-14 | Nippon Soda Co Ltd | 含窒素炭素材 |
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| US8486565B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2013-07-16 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Electrode, and lithium ion secondary battery, electric double layer capacitor and fuel cell using the same |
| US8092771B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2012-01-10 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Nitrogen-containing carbon material and process for producing the same |
| JP2008239419A (ja) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-09 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 水素貯蔵方法および装置 |
| US8900754B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2014-12-02 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Electrode, and lithium ion secondary battery, electric double layer capacitor and fuel cell using the same |
| JP5291617B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-28 | 2013-09-18 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用、電気二重層キャパシタ用又は燃料電池用の電極、並びに、それを用いたリチウムイオン二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ及び燃料電池 |
| JP2010111518A (ja) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-20 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 窒素含有炭素材料及びその製造方法 |
| JP2011256093A (ja) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-22 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 窒素含有炭素材料 |
| JP2012216330A (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-08 | Kumamoto Univ | 非水系二次電池用電極材料 |
| JP2012221735A (ja) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-11-12 | Kumamoto Univ | 燃料電池用電極触媒 |
| JP2012246185A (ja) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-12-13 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | アズルミン酸混合液及びその製造方法 |
| JP2014156381A (ja) * | 2013-02-18 | 2014-08-28 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 青酸重合物及びその製造方法 |
| JP2015157717A (ja) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-09-03 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 窒素含有炭素材料及びその製造方法、並びに燃料電池用電極 |
| WO2015137377A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-09-17 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 窒素含有炭素材料及びその製造方法、並びに、スラリー、インク、及び燃料電池用電極 |
| JPWO2015137377A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-11 | 2017-04-06 | 旭化成株式会社 | 窒素含有炭素材料及びその製造方法、並びに、スラリー、インク、及び燃料電池用電極 |
| US10727495B2 (en) | 2014-03-11 | 2020-07-28 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Nitrogen-containing carbon material and process for producing nitrogen-containing carbon material, and slurry, ink, and electrode for fuel cell |
| JP2021066618A (ja) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-30 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質炭素材料、多孔質炭素材料の製造方法、複合体、複合体の製造方法、リチウム硫黄電池用の正極、及びリチウム硫黄電池 |
| JP7328865B2 (ja) | 2019-10-18 | 2023-08-17 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質炭素材料、多孔質炭素材料の製造方法、複合体、複合体の製造方法、リチウム硫黄電池用の正極、及びリチウム硫黄電池 |
| JP2022040599A (ja) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-11 | 国立大学法人北陸先端科学技術大学院大学 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質 |
| JP7599196B2 (ja) | 2020-08-31 | 2024-12-13 | 国立大学法人北陸先端科学技術大学院大学 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極活物質 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4766701B2 (ja) | 2011-09-07 |
| EP2527294A1 (en) | 2012-11-28 |
| US20090112020A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
| CN101277900A (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
| JPWO2007043311A1 (ja) | 2009-04-16 |
| EP1939141A1 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
| EP2527294B1 (en) | 2013-12-04 |
| KR20080044313A (ko) | 2008-05-20 |
| US8034976B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 |
| CN101277900B (zh) | 2013-01-23 |
| KR20100116235A (ko) | 2010-10-29 |
| KR101134339B1 (ko) | 2012-04-09 |
| KR101016586B1 (ko) | 2011-02-22 |
| EP1939141A4 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
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