WO2006125527A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von tetrahydropyran-derivaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von tetrahydropyran-derivaten Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006125527A1 WO2006125527A1 PCT/EP2006/004388 EP2006004388W WO2006125527A1 WO 2006125527 A1 WO2006125527 A1 WO 2006125527A1 EP 2006004388 W EP2006004388 W EP 2006004388W WO 2006125527 A1 WO2006125527 A1 WO 2006125527A1
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- 0 *C1OCC(C=C)=CC1 Chemical compound *C1OCC(C=C)=CC1 0.000 description 1
- GYWJSSOFLRDUEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(COC(C1)c(cc2)ccc2[Br]=C)C1[Br]=C Chemical compound CC(COC(C1)c(cc2)ccc2[Br]=C)C1[Br]=C GYWJSSOFLRDUEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJHMXMNDGAOXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=CCC(c(cc2)ccc2Br)OC1 Chemical compound CC1=CCC(c(cc2)ccc2Br)OC1 GJHMXMNDGAOXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
- C07D309/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D309/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of tetrahydropyran derivatives, these tetrahydropyran derivatives and the use of these tetrahydropyran derivatives for the preparation of further tetrahydropyran derivatives.
- the invention particularly relates to the preparation of halogenated tetrahydropyran derivatives.
- mesogenic or liquid-crystalline tetrahydropyran derivatives which have (mesogenic) substituents, rings and / or ring systems which are suitable in the 2- and / or 5-position, since they have some electrooptical and / or ring systems which are advantageous for use in liquid-crystalline media possess further physical properties.
- There is therefore a fundamental need for synthesis methods which are as simple and efficient as possible, and which also open up access to various 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydropyran derivatives in great structural diversity.
- 2,5-disubstituted dihydropyran derivatives can be obtained either by ring-closing cross-metathesis (DE 10 2004 021338 A1) or by enyne metathesis and optionally further cross-metathesis (DE 10 2004 022891 A1), in each case in the presence of a suitable metalloid.
- Carbene complex metal-alkylidene complex
- eg, Grubbs I or Grubbs II catalyst or related catalysts see, inter alia, WO 96/04289, WO 97/06185, Tmka et al., Acc. Chem. 2001, 34, 18, SK Armstrong, J.Chem.Soc, Perkin Trans. I (1998), 371; J. Renaud et al., Angew Chem (2000), 112, 3231).
- Both methods are outlined in Scheme 1 a or Scheme 1 b, wherein "radical 1 " and “radical 2 " are each suitable (mesogenic) substituents, rings or ring systems. From the accessible dihydropyrans, the desired 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydropyran derivatives can then also be prepared by (catalytic) hydrogenation.
- tetrahydropyran derivatives can serve as starting compounds for the synthesis of (further) mesogenic or liquid-crystalline 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydropyran derivatives.
- the tetrahydropyran derivatives are said to have all or part of the desired trans stereochemistry already in the preparation.
- -SO-, -SO 2 -, -CO-O- or -O-CO- may be replaced so that oxygen atoms in the chain are not directly linked to each other;
- a 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 and A 6 independently, also rotated or mirrored, for
- Z 1 is a single bond, an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F and / or Cl alkylene bridge having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 - and, if A 2 is not a cyclohexylene or cyclohexenylene ring, also - CF 2 O- may mean; a single bond, an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F and / or Cl substituted alkylene bridge having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 independently of one another a single bond, an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F and / or Cl alkylene bridge having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -CF 2 O-, where the -CF 2 O bridge does not have its O atom directly with a
- Cyclohexylene or cyclohexenylene ring is linked; n1, n2 and n3 are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 and Y 6 independently of one another are H 1 halogen, -CN 1
- Ci- 6 alkanyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, -OC r6 alkanyl, -OC 2-6 alkenyl, and -OC 2 - mean 6 alkynyl, wherein the aliphatic radicals unsubstituted or substituted with Halogen are monosubstituted or polysubstituted; preferably H or F; and
- W 1 is -CH 2 -, -CF 2 - or -O-; in which case a and b are both O, then R 1 is not hydrogen, and in the case that a, b, c, d, e and f are all O at the same time, then R 1 and R 2 are not H or unsubstituted alkanyl.
- the process according to the invention makes the halogenated tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I available with the aid of readily available and inexpensive reagents in a simple manner, with good yields and with high chemo- and stereoselectivity.
- These tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I can in turn be used to prepare further mesogenic or liquid-crystalline tetrahydropyran derivatives.
- the inventive method can in the presence of at least one Lewis acid containing at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, or in the presence of at least one Brönsted acid (protic acid) containing at least one chloride, bromide or iodide anion, or in Presence of a mixture of at least one Lewis acid as defined above and at least one Bronsted acid as defined above.
- the inventive method can under
- Lewis and / or Bronsted acids are carried out, it being preferred to use not more than three different acids.
- particularly preferred is only a Lewis acid or a Brönsted acid or a mixture of a Lewis acid and a
- Formula III in the presence of at least one Lewis acid, which contains at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine atom. It is preferred that the Lewis acid contains, in addition to any non-halogen radicals or ligands present, only one type of these halogen atoms, ie either only chlorine atoms or only bromine atoms or only iodine atoms.
- the halogen substituent X 1 of the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula I corresponds to this halogen atom of the at least one Lewis acid.
- the Lewis acid contains bromine atoms.
- the at least one Lewis acid is selected from the
- a group comprising compounds of the formulas M (X 1 ) n and R 3 M (X 1 ) n-1 , wherein
- MB Al, Ga, In, Sn, Ti, Fe, Zn, Nb, Zr, Au and Bi;
- X 1 represents Cl, Br or I;
- R 3 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 10
- n is an integer 2, 3, 4 or 5 and is selected to be equal to the formal oxidation number of M.
- Lewis acids di-iso-butylaluminum chloride and B '''(X 1 ) 3, Al''' (X 1 ) 3, Ga IM (X 1 ) 3 , In III CX 1 J 3 , Sn IV (X 1 4 , Ti 1 V) 4 , Fe ''(X 1 ) 3 , Zn''(X 1 ) 2) Zr lv (X 1 ) 4 , NbV) s, Au''' (X 1 ) 3 and Bi '' (X 1 ) 3 with X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably chlorine or bromine and in particular bromine.
- the exact amount of Lewis acid to be used can vary within a wide range and depends, inter alia, on the number of halogen atoms X 1 present per molecule of Lewis acid, especially as regards the minimum quantity to be used.
- the Lewis acid will be present in an amount of from about 20 mole% to about 300 mole%, preferably from about 34 mole% to about 250 mole%, and more preferably from about 50 mole% to about 200 mole % used, wherein the amounts in each case refer to the homoallyl alcohol of the formula II.
- the reaction temperature is generally between about -80 ° C and about +40 0 C, the exact choice of the reaction temperature also depends on the nature of the selected Lewis acid. Thus, the preferred temperature range for boron halides at -70 to -40 ° C for AI, In, Sn and Ti halides at -5O 0 C to 0 0 C and for Zn and Bi halides at 0 0 C. to + 40 ° C.
- the reaction time is generally between 1 h and 72 h, preferably between 2 h and 36 h, and more preferably between 4 h and 24 h.
- the reaction according to the invention can be carried out such that the Lewis acid is added as a solid or in solution to the mixture of the homoallyl alcohol of the formula II and the aldehyde of the formula III dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent; Alternatively, the Lewis acid may also be initially charged and then, for example, successively mixed with the aldehyde and the homoallyl alcohol or vice versa.
- the at least one Lewis acid is particularly preferably a compound of the formula M (X 1 ) n , where MB, Al, Fe, Zn or Bi, in particular Bi, is.
- X 1 is Br.
- the Lewis acid is AIBr 3 , ZnBr 2 or BiBr 3 .
- the process according to the invention is carried out in the presence of a Bronsted acid which contains at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine anion.
- a Bronsted acid which contains at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine anion.
- this Brönsted acid are hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide.
- the Brönsted acid can be used, for example, as a gas which is converted into a further reactant of the process according to the invention, e.g. introduced in a suitable solvent-containing mixture; Alternatively, it is also possible to use a solution containing the Brönsted acid, for example HBr in glacial acetic acid.
- hydrogen bromide is particularly preferable.
- the Bronsted acid is used in stoichiometric or more than stoichiometric amount (based on the homoallyl alcohol of the formula II), in particular in the case of a hydrogen halide acid, preferably in an amount of about 100 mol% to about 350 mol%, particularly preferably in an amount of about 100 mol% to about 225 mol%, and more preferably in an amount of not more than about 150 mol%.
- the reaction temperature in this embodiment is generally between about O 0 C and about + 7O 0 C, preferably between about 10 0 C about 4O 0 C and particularly preferably around room temperature (18-25 ° C).
- Reaction time is generally between 1 h and 72 h, preferably between 2 h and 36 h and more preferably between 4 h and 24 h and is also influenced by the solvent chosen: In glacial acetic acid, for example, the reaction is usually faster than in water.
- the reaction according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that the Brönsted acid is added as a solution to the mixture of the homoallyl alcohol of the formula II and of the aldehyde of the formula III dissolved or suspended in a suitable solvent; Alternatively, the Brönsted acid can also be introduced in gaseous form.
- the reaction of the homoallyl alcohol of the formula II with the aldehyde of the formula III is carried out in the presence of a mixture of at least one Lewis acid and at least one Brönsted acid.
- these acids are chosen so that they are chemically compatible with each other and do not lead to undesirable side reactions. It is advantageous if the Lewis acid has the same halogen atom as the Brönsted acid, ie, for example, in addition to hydrobromic acid, a Lewis acid bromide of the formula M (Br) n is used.
- Preferred combinations are HBr with BiBr 3 or AuBr 3 .
- the Lewis acid is another halogen atom can readily contain as the Brönsted acid, such as in the combination of FeCl 3 with HBr.
- the compounds of the formula I prepared according to this process variant according to the invention then have as X 1 the halogen of the Brönsted acid, in the example mentioned with FeCl 3 and HBr X 1 is therefore Br.
- This embodiment of the present invention makes it possible to use a significantly lower amount of Lewis acid compared to the embodiment in which only one or more Lewis acids, but no Bronsted acid is used. Since usually the Brönsted acid used is cheaper than the Lewis acid, this process variant leads to lower costs. At the same time, the use of the Lewis acid allows the process according to the invention to be carried out under milder conditions (in particular at a lower temperature) Reaction temperature) than they are to be observed with the exclusive use of a Brönsted acid.
- Lewis acid and Bronsted acid can be used in any desired ratio to one another.
- the Lewis acid based on the Brönsted acid, be present in an amount of from about 0.1 mol% to about 20 mol%, more preferably in an amount of from about 0.3 mol% to about 10 mol % and in particular in an amount of about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol% is used.
- the Brönsted acid is preferably used in at least stoichiometric (about 100 mol%) to super-stoichiometric (about 350 mol%) amounts with respect to the homoallyl alcohol of the formula II.
- the reaction temperature in this embodiment of the invention is generally between about -1O 0 C and about +70 0 C. It is preferred to initially introduce the aldehyde of formula III and the homoallyl alcohol of formula II in a suitable solvent and at about -1O 0 C to about +35 0 C with the Lewis acid to put; then - preferably with external cooling - the Brönsted acid is introduced as a gas at about 0 0 C to about + 5O 0 C to saturation of the reaction medium. Also suitable solutions of Bronsted acids can be used.
- the reaction time is generally between a few minutes and 24 hours, preferably between 10 minutes and 6 hours and more preferably between 15 minutes and 3 hours.
- the reaction according to the invention can in principle be carried out solvent-free and preferably in a solvent or solvent mixture.
- Suitable solvents are those which themselves do not act or act only to a slight extent as acid and are inert to the acid used. The exact choice of the medium depends above all on the solubility behavior of the reactants and on the acid.
- Suitable solvents which can be used alone or in mixtures of 2 or 3 solvents as the reaction medium are, for example, water; Hydrocarbons such as hexanes, petroleum ether, benzene, toluene, xylene; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichlorethylene, 1, 2-dichloroethane, chloroform and especially dichloromethane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, n-propanol, n-butanol; Ethers, such as diethyl ether, di-isopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF) or 1,4-dioxane; Glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether (methyl glycol, ethyl glycol or polyethylene glycol), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme); Carbon disulphide; Nitro compounds like
- Nitromethane or nitrobenzene wherein when using a Lewis acid (either alone or together with a Brönsted acid) as the acid used in the invention, water and alcohols are not used as a solvent or solvent component.
- a Lewis acid either alone or together with a Brönsted acid
- water and alcohols are not used as a solvent or solvent component.
- tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I prepared by the process according to the invention generally have a ratio of trans-2.5 to cis-2,5 isomers of about 75:25 or 80:20 to 100: 0.
- Other processes for the preparation of mesogenic or liquid-crystalline tetrahydropyran derivatives usually give isomer mixtures with a significantly greater cis-2,5-isomer content.
- the inventive method is characterized by further advantages:
- Tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I are obtainable in good to very good yields.
- the reaction of the homoallyl alcohol of the formula II with the aldehyde of the formula III is also carried out with high chemoselectivity, i. unwanted by - products are not formed, or at most in small quantities, which further the use of
- Tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I do not disturb.
- the acid reagents used in the process according to the invention are readily available and usually commercially and inexpensively accessible, their handling requires no special or unusual precautions.
- the process according to the invention opens up a convergent synthesis strategy for the preparation of further tetrahydropyran derivatives of high structural diversity.
- Bandwidth various substituted tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula I are prepared.
- the compounds of the formula I which can be prepared by the process according to the invention either have no further ring or one, two, three or four further rings (or ring systems), ie the sum of the indices a, b, c, d , e and f is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.
- (a + b + c + d + e + f) is preferably> 1, especially 1, 2 or 3 and most especially 1 or 2. It is preferred in that the homoallyl alcohol of the formula II and thus the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula I have no or one ring in the 5-position, ie a + b is preferably 0 or 1. It is further preferred that the aldehyde of the formula III and thus the Tetrahydropyran derivative of formula I in the 2-position either no further ring or one, two or three further rings, ie c + d + e + f is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3, in particular 1 or 2
- X 1 is determined by the choice of the Lewis acid and / or Bronsted acid and is preferably bromine or chlorine, especially bromine. Bromine is easier to eliminate reductively than chlorine.
- R 1 is preferably unsubstituted or substituted by one or more fluorine and / or chlorine atoms alkanyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or alkenyloxy each having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and - if a and / or b 1 is / are - also chlorine, fluorine or bromine. Particularly preferably R 1 is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more fluorine and / or chlorine atoms alkanyl or alkoxy each having 1 to 8
- Carbon atoms in particular unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms and straight-chain alkanyl having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- R 2 is preferably Cl, F, Br, -OH, -CO 2 -Ci. 6 alkanyl, -O-aralkyl, -CH (CH 2 O- "protecting group") 2 , unsubstituted or substituted by one or more fluorine and / or chlorine atoms alkanyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or alkenyloxy each having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, especially preferably F, Cl, -OH, -CO 2 -C 6 -alkanyl, -OCH 2 phenyl, -CH (CH 2 OCH 2 aryl) 2 , unsubstituted or substituted by one or more fluorine and / or chlorine atoms alkanyl or alkoxy each with 1 to 8 Carbon atoms and in particular F, Cl, -CO 2 -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -i-propyl, -n-butyl, -t-butyl
- R 1 and R 2 also include groups which result from multiple substitution of CH 2 groups by said elements, as far as they are conventional, such as. B. for R 2 and Arylsulfonklareester -O (SO 2 ) -Ar
- R 1 preferably does not denote hydrogen, halogen or CN.
- R 2 is preferably not hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NCS, -NO 2 , -OH, -SF 5 , -O-aralkyl or alkoxy.
- the rings A 1 and A 2 independently of one another preferably represent 1,4-cyclohexylene or optionally 1,4-phenylene substituted by 1 to 4 fluorine atoms and more preferably
- the rings A 3 , A 4 , A 5 and A 6 are each, independently of one another, preferably Q 1, 4 -cyclohexylene or substituted by 0 to 4 fluorine atoms 1, 4-
- Z 1 and Z 2 are preferably a single bond or an alkylene bridge having 2, 4 or 6 carbon atoms, which may also be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms. Particularly preferably Z 1 and Z 2 are both each a single bond.
- Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 are each, independently of one another, preferably a single bond, -CH 2 O- or -CF 2 O-, where the -CF 2 O bridge does not have its O atom directly with a cyclohexylene or cyclohexenylene ring is linked. They are particularly preferably independently of one another a single bond, -CF 2 O- or -CH 2 O-, wherein it is very particularly preferred that in each case only one of Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 is not a single bond. In the event that Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 or Z 6 include an oxygen atom, this is preferably not directly bonded to the aldehyde group in formula III.
- the bridge members Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 are particularly preferably chosen so that when they are directly connected to the tetrahydropyran ring in formula I or with the aldehyde group, do not contain an oxygen atom.
- Preferred homoallylic alcohols of the formula II are selected from the compounds of the formulas 11-1 to II-9:
- R 1 is as defined above, and preferably represents a 1-7 C alkyl radical.
- the inventive method an additional process step, which is characterized by the reductive elimination of the substituents X 1 to a compound of formula I, where the other substituents of the tetrahydropyran ring can have different meanings by derivatization.
- This further process step preferably takes place after the reaction of II with III, more preferably the reductive elimination takes place without further intermediates after ring formation.
- a preferred embodiment of the reductive elimination of I to IV 20 comprises a radical chain reaction, in the course of which - formally abstracted - the halogen atom X 1 is abstracted in the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula I and replaced by a hydrogen atom. It is particularly preferred that X 1 in the compound of the formula I to be reacted is bromine or chlorine, in particular bromine.
- this preferred embodiment of the inventive reductive elimination is carried out in the presence of an organotin hydride or an organosilicon hydride.
- organotin hydrides are trialkyl and monoaralkyldialkyltin hydrides, especially
- trialkyltin hydrides in particular tri-n-butyltin hydride (BuaSnH).
- BuaSnH tri-n-butyltin hydride
- organotin hydrides which are preferably solid, preferably solid organic, is preferred
- the organotin hydride bound to a solid support is usually used in amounts of 2 to 4 equivalents, based on the compound of the formula I.
- Preferred organosilicon hydrides are substituted silanes, particularly preferably tris (trialkylsilyl) silanes, in particular tris (trimethylsilyl) silane (TTMSS) (see, for example, M. Ballestri et al., J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 678-683).
- TTMSS tris (trialkylsilyl) silanes, in particular tris (trimethylsilyl) silane (TTMSS)
- TTMSS tris (trialkylsilyl) silanes, in particular tris (trimethylsilyl) silane (TTMSS)
- TTMSS tris (trimethylsilyl) silane
- the Organosiliciumhydrid is usually used in an amount of 1 to 3 equivalents, preferably from 1, 1 to 1, 5 equivalents, relative to the compound to be reduced of the formula I. 1
- a further reducing agent such as a complex metal hydride, for example sodium borohydride, Na
- This preferred embodiment of the invention using an organotin hydride or an organosilicon hydride is usually carried out in the presence of at least one radical chain reaction initiator ("radical initiator"), such as a suitable azo or peroxy compound, for example AIBN (2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile). or p-methoxybenzoyl peroxide in the presence of UV light.
- radiation initiator such as a suitable azo or peroxy compound, for example AIBN (2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile). or p-methoxybenzoyl peroxide
- the free radical initiator is used in amounts customary for this type of reaction, preferably in an amount of from 1 to 20 mol%, based on the compound of the formula I.
- the reaction can also be initiated by the action of UV radiation be set.
- Suitable solvents for this preferred embodiment of the invention are hydrocarbons such as heptane, benzene, xylenes and ethers such as dimethoxyethane or methoxyethanol.
- the reaction is usually carried out at 20 to 140 0 C.
- the reaction time is usually 2 to 24 h.
- X 1 in formula I is bromine and the reductive elimination is carried out by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and a base.
- the hydrogenation catalyst is a homogeneous catalyst (eg, a Pd (O) or Pd (II) or a Ni (O) or Ni (II) complex with alkyl- and / or aryl-substituted phosphine or phosphite ligands) or preferred a heterogeneous transition metal catalyst.
- the hydrogenation catalyst is particularly preferably a heterogeneous palladium, platinum or nickel catalyst, in particular palladium. Particularly preferred is palladium on carbon or palladium on alumina, especially on carbon.
- the base is preferably a nitrogen base or an amine, in particular a tertiary amine.
- the amine is preferably a trialkylamine, particularly preferably diisopropylethylamine or thethylamine, in particular triethylamine.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in 3 to 20 times the amount of THF at a hydrogen pressure between 1 and 50 bar within 1 to 24 hours at a temperature of about 20 to about 120 0 C.
- the two above-mentioned preferred embodiments of the reductive elimination are characterized inter alia by the fact that the reductive elimination of the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula I to give the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula IV while retaining the configuration of the substituents in the 2- and 5-position of the tetrahydropyran rings.
- the halogenated tetrahydropyran of the formula I in which all three substituents are in the 2-, 4- and 5-position in equatorial orientation, so that the substituent is located in the 2-position trans to the substituent in the 5-position, under Obtaining the stereochemistry the corresponding tetrahydropyran derivative of formula IV with trans-2,5-disubstitution.
- a, b, c, d, e, f, R 1 , R 2 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 , Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 , Z 6 are as defined above for formula I; and in a second step (B) the dihydropyran derivative of the formula Va and / or Vb is converted into the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula IV.
- HX 1 from the tetrahydropyran derivative of formula I is carried out with a strong base.
- Alcoholates for example alkali metal alkoxides, such as sodium ethylate or potassium tert-butoxide, and strong nonionic nitrogen bases with a pKa value> 20 have proven to be suitable.
- Examples of these strong nonionic nitrogen bases are those mentioned by JG Verkade, Topics in Current Chemistry 220, 3-44, including 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN); 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU); and 1, 1, 3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG), 7-methyl-1, 5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene (MTBD) and 2,8,9-triisopropyl-2,5 , 8,9-tetraaza-1 - phosphabicyclo [3.3.3] undecane (TTPU) (see also S. Arumugam, JG Verkade, J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 4827).
- the elimination is preferably carried out in suitable inert solvents or in solvent mixtures, for example in aromatic
- Hydrocarbons for example toluene, or ethers, for example, 1, 4-dioxane, dimethoxyethane and tetrahydrofuran.
- the use of nonpolar solvents is particularly preferred.
- the reaction is generally carried out at temperatures between room temperature and boiling temperature, preferably at elevated temperatures of about 60 0 C to boiling point, more preferably from about 8O 0 C to boiling.
- the reaction time of the first step (A) is generally between about 1 hour and about 48 hours, preferably between about 4 hours and about 16 hours.
- step (A) of this preferred embodiment of the invention a mixture of the two dihydropyran derivatives of the formulas Va and Vb is formed, in most cases in an isomer ratio of about 2: 1.
- step (B) a separation of the two isomers before the further reaction in step (B) is in principle possible with conventional separation methods such as chromatography, but is generally not carried out.
- the compound of the formula Vb obtainable according to this embodiment of the invention has the same configuration with respect to the configuration of the substituents in the 2- and 5-position of the tetrahydropyran ring as the starting compound of the formula I.
- the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula I with all equatorial arrangement readily accessible to the corresponding trans-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula Vb.
- Step (B) for the formation of the tetrahydropyran derivative of the formula IV is carried out under catalytic hydrogenation.
- the hydrogenation can be under both homogeneous as well as under heterogeneous catalysis.
- the dihydropyran derivatives of the formula Vb the hydrogenation itself and the choice of conditions under which the hydrogenation is carried out have no influence on the stereochemical orientation of the substituents in the 2- and 5-position of the heterocyclic ring.
- the corresponding trans-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans of formula IV are obtained from the most and preferably present trans-2,5-disubstituted compounds of formula Vb to obtain the stereochemistry.
- the further reaction procedure for the formation of the tetrahydropyran derivatives of the formula IV generally has an influence on the arrangement of the substituents in the 2- and 5-positions of the oxygen heterocycle relative to one another.
- the heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation for example on a heterogeneous palladium, platinum or nickel catalyst mostly predominantly ordirectorsch manure the cis-2,5-configured tetrahydropyran of formula IV.
- Another object of the present invention are compounds of the formula I. wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are independently 0 or 1, where a + b + c + d + e + f is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine
- a 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 and A 6 independently, also rotated or mirrored, for
- Z 1 is a single bond, an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F and / or Cl alkylene bridge having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -CHaO-, -OCH 2 - and, when A 2 is not a cyclohexylene or cyclohexenylene, also -CF 2 O- can mean;
- Z 2 represents a single bond, an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F and / or Cl substituted alkylene bridge having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
- Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 independently of one another a single bond, an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F and / or Cl alkylene bridge having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 -, -CF 2 O-, wherein the -CF 2 O bridge is not linked via its O atom directly to a cyclohexylene or cyclohexenylene ring; n1, n2 and n3 are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- Y 1, Y 2, Y 3, Y 4, Y 5 and Y 6 are independently H, halo, -CN, Ci- 6 alkanyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, -OCre alkanyl .
- W 1 is -CH 2 -, -CF 2 - or -O-; in the event that a and b are 0, then R 1 is not H; and in the case that a, b, c, d, e and f are all O at the same time, then R 1 and R 2 are not H or unsubstituted alkanyl.
- the radicals, substituents and indices a, b, c, d, e, f, X 1 , R 1 , R 2 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , A 5 , A 6 , Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Z 5 , Z 6 of the compounds of the formula I according to the invention have the same preferred and particularly preferred meanings given for formula I above in connection with the process according to the invention for their preparation.
- the substituents are preferably arranged in the 2,5-position trans to each other. In the chair conformation, they are both in an equatorial position in this case.
- Tetrahydropyran ring in the 2-, 4- and 5-position are all arranged equatorially.
- the starting compounds of the formulas II and III used in the process according to the invention can be prepared by methods known per se, as described in the literature (for example in the standard works of synthetic organic chemistry, such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden organic Chemie, Georg-Thieme). Verlag, Stuttgart), under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for the reactions mentioned.
- aldehydes of the formula III are commercially available or, for example, from other aldehydes by known in the art
- aldehydes of the formula III in which the formyl group is bonded to a cyclohexyl ring (if, for example, in formula IIIc is 1, Z 3 is a single bond and A 3 is a cyclohexylene radical) according to the DE 196 12 814 A1 disclosed Produce process.
- aldehydes of the formula III in which the formyl group is linked, for example, via a single bond to an optionally substituted phenylene radical if, for example, in formula MI c is 1, Z 3 is a single bond and A 3 is a phenylene radical
- Z 3 is a single bond and A 3 is a phenylene radical
- Z 3 is an alkylene bridge, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 - or -CF 2 O- is connected to a cyclic radical
- Z 3 is an alkylene bridge, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 - or - CF 2 O- and
- a 3 has one of the meaning given in claim 1 and in the description above
- DIBAL-H di-iso-butylaluminum hydride
- aldehydes of formula III are available in which the formyl is connected via a single bond with the 5-position of a tetrahydropyranyl radical which is also substituted in the 2-position.
- DIBAL-H di-iso-butylalumniumhydrid
- the halide C is - according to the procedure in Scheme 2 - transferred with a suitable reagent in the organometallic derivative D, which is then reacted with E to Homoallylacetat F. From F, the desired homoallyl alcohol of the formula II is then obtainable by saponification.
- homoallylic alcohols of the formula II in which R 1 - [A 1 -Z 1 ] a - [A 2 -Z 2 ] b - represents an alkyl radical are also prepared by appropriate alkylation with an alkyl halide R 1 - [A 1 -Z 1 ] a - [A 2 -Z 2 ] b -Hal the dianion of crotonic acid and subsequent reduction with LiAlH 4 accessible.
- This dianion is obtained from crotonic acid, for example by reaction with 2 equivalents of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) (compare PE Pepper, LS Silbert, J. Org. Chem. 36 (1971) 3290, RH van der Veen, H. Cerfountain, J. Org. Chem. 50 (1985) 342).
- LDA lithium diisopropylamide
- Alkyl unless otherwise defined in this specification or claims, is in its most general meaning a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 15 (ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15) carbon atoms; this remainder is unsuitable substituted or mono- or poly-substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, carboxy, nitro, -NH 2 , -N (alkanyl) 2 and / or cyano, wherein the multiple substitution can take place with the same or different substituents.
- the alkyl radical in the aliphatic hydrocarbon chain itself may also be functionalized.
- alkyl radical is a saturated radical, it is also referred to as "alkanyl”.
- alkyl also includes unsubstituted or correspondingly in particular with F, Cl, Br, I and / or CN mono- or polysubstituted or differently substituted
- alkyl is a straight-chain or branched, unsubstituted or substituted alkanyl, alkenyl or alkoxy radical having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms.
- alkyl is an alkanyl radical, this is preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl ; CF 3, CHF 2, CH 2 F, CF 2 CF 3.
- the alkanyl radical is particularly preferably straight-chain and unsubstituted or substituted by F.
- alkyl also includes "alkoxy" or "oxaalkyl” radicals.
- alkoxy is meant an O-alkyl radical in which the oxygen atom is bonded directly to the group or substituted ring substituted by the alkoxy radical and alkyl is as defined above; preferably, alkyl is then alkanyl or alkenyl.
- Preferred alkoxy radicals are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, heptoxy and octoxy, where any of these radicals can also be substituted, preferably with one or more fluorine atoms.
- oxaalkyl means alkyl radicals in which at least one non-terminal CH 2 group is represented by -O- replaced, that no adjacent heteroatoms (O, S) are present.
- oxaalkyl includes straight chain radicals of the formula C a H 2a + iO- (CH 2 ) b - wherein a and b are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; more preferably a is an integer from 1 to 6 and b is 1 or 2.
- thioalkyl preferably comprises a straight-chain radical of the formula C a H2a + iS- (CH 2 ) b-, where a is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 and b is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; more preferably a is an integer from 1 to 6 and b is 0, 1 or 2.
- the thioalkyl radical may also be substituted with F, Cl, Br, I and / or -CN and is preferably unsubstituted.
- An alkenyl radical may contain 2 to 15 (ie 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15) carbon atoms and is branched chain or preferably straight chain.
- one or more CH 2 groups may each be independently replaced by -O- ("alkenyloxy"), -S-, -C ⁇ C-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -OC-O- so in that heteroatoms (O, S) are not directly linked to one another.
- the CH CH group can exist in two configurations, namely E-isomer and Z-isomer.
- the same applies to the substituted with halogen and / or -CN C C double bond groups.
- the E isomer (trans) is preferred.
- the alkenyl radical preferably contains 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms and denotes vinyl, allyl, 1-E-propenyl, 2- Propenyl, 1E-butenyl, 1E-pentenyl, 1E-hexenyl, 1E-heptenyl, 2-propenyl, 2E-butenyl, 2E-pentenyl, 2E-hexenyl, 2E-heptenyl, 3-butenyl, 3E-pentenyl, 3E-hexenyl, 3E-heptenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4Z-hexenyl, 4E-hexenyl, 4Z-heptenyl, 5-hexenyl and 6-heptenyl.
- Particularly preferred alkenyl radicals are vinyl, allyl 1- E-propenyl, 2-propenyl and 3E-butenyl.
- an alkynyl radical is present.
- the replacement of one or more CH 2 groups by -CO-O- or -O-CO- is possible.
- the following of these radicals are preferred: acetyloxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, pentanoyloxy, hexanoyloxy, acetyloxymethyl, propionyloxymethyl, butyryloxymethyl, pentanoyloxymethyl, 2-acetyloxyethyl, 2-propionyloxyethyl, 2-butyryloxyethyl, 2-acetyloxypropyl, 3-propionyloxypropyl, 4-acetyloxybutyl, Methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, pentoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, propoxycarbonylmethyl, butoxycarbonyl, pentoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl
- this radical may be straight-chain or branched , It is preferably straight-chain and has 4 to 12 C atoms.
- alkyl radical, alkanyl radical, alkenyl radical or alkoxy radical is substituted by at least one halogen
- this radical is preferably straight-chain.
- Halogen is preferably F or Cl.
- halogen is preferably F.
- the resulting residues also include perfluorinated radicals.
- the fluoro or chloro substituent may be in any position, but preferably in the ⁇ position.
- alkylene or “alkylene bridge” - unless the terms are defined elsewhere in this description or in the claims - for a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8 carbon atoms in the chain, which may optionally be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, CN, carboxy, nitro, alkanyl, alkoxy, - NH 2 or substituted with -N (alkanyl) 2 , wherein the multiple substitution with the same or different Substituents can be made.
- Alkylene or "alkylene bridge” is preferably a straight-chain, unsubstituted or mono- or disubstituted fluorine-substituted, saturated aliphatic radical having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 carbon atoms, in particular -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, - (CH 2 ) 4 -, -CF 2 CF 2 - and - (CF 2 J 4 -.
- aralkyl refers to an aryl-alkyl radical, ie a radical in which an aryl substituent is linked via an alkyl bridge to an atom, a chain, another radical or a functional group
- the alkyl bridge is preferably a saturated bivalent hydrocarbon radical ("alkylene"), in particular methylene (-CH 2 -) and ethylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -).
- alkylene methylene
- -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 - ethylene
- Preferred examples of an aralkyl group are benzyl and phenethyl.
- an "aralkyl-O-radical" for the purposes of the present invention is an aralkyl radical which is linked via an oxygen atom bound to the alkyl bridge with another atom, a chain, another radical or a functional group.
- Preferred examples of an aralkyl O radical are O-benzyl and O-CH 2 CH 2 phenyl.
- methylene groups of this aralkyl radical can be replaced by hetero bridges such as -O-, -SO 2 -, - (CO) -, etc., so that convenient leaving and protecting groups are obtained.
- Aryl for an aromatic or partially aromatic ring system, in the narrower one Sense of a benzene ring which may be monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted by simple groups such as 1-5C alkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, etc. to modify or sterically shield its electronic properties (eg tert-butyl).
- the group aryl is preferably a phenyl radical or a p-tolyl radical.
- Halogen in the context of the present invention for fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
- an "acetal” is the product of a (formal) addition of one equivalent of an alcohol (for example, ethanol) to the carbonyl function of an aldehyde (also referred to as “hemiacetal") or two equivalents of an alcohol (or two) Alcohols) to the carbonyl function of an aldehyde.
- a "hydrate” of an aldehyde in the context of the present invention is the product of a (formal) addition of one equivalent of water to the carbonyl function of an aldehyde (also called “half” or “semihydrate”) or two equivalents of water to the carbonyl function to understand an aldehyde. It should be noted that an aldehyde with a corresponding acetal (and
- the compounds of the invention in isomerically pure form for example as pure enantiomers, diastereomers, E or Z isomers, trans or cis isomers, or as a mixture of several isomers in any ratio, for example as a racemate, E / Z isomer mixture or as a cis / trans isomer mixture, may be present.
- Protective groups may be used to protect optionally functional groups or substituents which may be present in the compounds used in the process according to the invention from undesired reactions in the reaction according to the invention and / or preceding or subsequent reaction and / or work-up steps, which cleavage again after the reaction has ended can be.
- Methods for using suitable protecting groups are known to those skilled in the art and described, for example, in TW Green, PGM Wuts: Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons (1999).
- 0.1 mol of the aldehyde of the formula III and 0.1 mol of the homoallyl alcohol of the formula II are initially charged in 100 ml of dichloromethane. To this mixture is added 0.05 mol to 0.06 mol of a Lewis acid in solid form. After complete reaction (TLC check), the reaction mixture is either filtered through silica gel or worked up in an aqueous state. In this case, 100 ml of water are added dropwise to the mixture and then concentrated with 30 ml. Hydrochloric acid added. It is stirred until complete phase separation. The organic phase is mixed with water, hydrochloric acid and heptane and separated after settling of the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase is extracted with dichloromethane and the organic phases are combined and evaporated. The residue is further purified by chromatography on silica gel, crystallization or distillation.
- 0.1 mol of the aldehyde of formula III, 0.1 mol of Homoallylalkohols of formula II and 0.5 to 5 mol% of the Lewis acid are introduced into 100 ml of dichloromethane at a temperature of 0 0 C to room temperature. Then, under external cooling, gaseous hydrochloric acid is introduced to saturation. The reaction mixture is then added with stirring to saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase is separated, dried and evaporated. The residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel, crystallization or distillation.
- the brominated substrate of the formula I is dissolved in a sufficient amount of tetrahydrofuran (between about four to twelve times the volume or mass of the compound of formula II) with 10 to 30 wt .-% (based on I) 5% palladium on carbon, containing 54.7% water, 2.5 molar equivalents of triethylamine and twice the amount of water (based on the substrate) and hydrogenated in a pressure autoclave at a pressure of 4 to 6 bar with hydrogen until the theoretical hydrogen uptake , After cooling, the reaction mixture is filtered, the filtrate is poured onto ice and concentrated with conc. Hydrochloric acid, the pH to 1. It is extracted twice with heptane or heptane / toluene mixture. The combined organic phases are washed with water four times and evaporated after drying. Further purification takes place - depending on the nature of the product - by means of crystallization, chromatography and / or distillation.
- TTMSS tris (trimethylsilyl) silane
- Example B Analogously to Example B is obtained from the tetrahydropyran derivative no. 4 from Table 3 (isomerically pure 2,4-cis) D1; Yield (not optimized): 93%.
- reaction mixture was evaporated and filtered through silica gel with heptane / toluene (8: 2). Then, by recrystallization from ethanol and heptane, 24.8 g (37% of theory) of 99.5% hydrogenation product IV-c in all-trans configuration are obtained (melting point 62 ° C., K 62 SmB 218 I 1 extrapolated clearing point from 10% in the nematic mixture ZLI-4792: 231 ° C).
- the indication of the signal position is in ppm relative to
- Tetramethylsilane the size of the coupling constant J is given in Hertz (Hz).
- the abbreviations m stand for multiplet, s for singlet, d for doublet, t for triplet, q for quartet. This information also applies to all other NMR spectra listed.
- 338, 336 Molpeaks; 319, 317: M-19 (F) 257: M® -Br; 97: C 7 H 13 ,, 55: C 4 H 7 -B base peak.
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Abstract
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| KR1020077030166A KR101307666B1 (ko) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-10 | 테트라하이드로피란 유도체의 제조방법 |
| DE112006001001T DE112006001001A5 (de) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tetrahydropyran-Derivaten |
| JP2008512721A JP5259391B2 (ja) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-10 | テトラヒドロピラン誘導体類の調製方法 |
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| DE102012014896A1 (de) | 2012-07-26 | 2014-02-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tetrahydropyran-Derivaten |
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| CN108997287B (zh) * | 2018-07-23 | 2021-12-28 | 陕西师范大学 | 以四氟硼酸的离子液体为氟源催化合成4-氟代四氢吡喃衍生物的方法 |
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| DE102011122559A1 (de) | 2011-01-25 | 2012-07-26 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristalline Verbindungen und flüssigkristalline Medien |
| WO2012100809A1 (de) | 2011-01-25 | 2012-08-02 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristalline verbindungen und flüssigkristalline medien |
| DE102012014896A1 (de) | 2012-07-26 | 2014-02-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tetrahydropyran-Derivaten |
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| KR101307666B1 (ko) | 2013-09-16 |
| JP2008545668A (ja) | 2008-12-18 |
| CN101180286B (zh) | 2011-07-20 |
| DE112006001001A5 (de) | 2008-04-17 |
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