[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2006036078A1 - Condensateur electrochimique - Google Patents

Condensateur electrochimique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006036078A1
WO2006036078A1 PCT/RU2004/000327 RU2004000327W WO2006036078A1 WO 2006036078 A1 WO2006036078 A1 WO 2006036078A1 RU 2004000327 W RU2004000327 W RU 2004000327W WO 2006036078 A1 WO2006036078 A1 WO 2006036078A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
separator
pores
electrolyte
capacitor
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2004/000327
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Sergey Nikolaevich Razumov
Igor Nikolaevich Varakin
Ekaterina Alekseevna Kilganova
Aleksey Borisovich Stepanov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/RU2004/000327 priority Critical patent/WO2006036078A1/fr
Publication of WO2006036078A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006036078A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/14—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/52—Separators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electrical industry and can be used in the production of asymmetric electrochemical capacitors with an aqueous electrolyte.
  • a feature of the electrochemical capacitor is chto during operation of these devices potential non-polarizable electrode remains substantially constant due to the flow on the electrode reversible electrochemical reaction: NiOOH + H 2 O + e ⁇ ⁇ Ni ( OH) 2 + OH '(1) in the alkaline electrolyte PbO 2 + 4H + + SO 4 2 ' + 2e " ⁇ PbSO 4 + 2H 2 O (2) in an acid electrolyte.
  • the life of the capacitor at elevated temperatures can be increased if the oxygen released does not leave the capacitor, but will be restored to the negative electrode of the capacitor by the reactions opposite to (3) or (4).
  • the closest in technical essence to the proposed solution is an electrochemical capacitor containing a housing, a polarizable electrode made of activated carbon material, non-polarizable electrode, a porous separator located between the electrodes, and an electrolyte filling the pores of the separator and electrodes (US Patent No. 6,335,858, CL HOlG 9/04, 2000) [4].
  • the transfer of oxygen to the negative electrode is ensured by the fact that both electrodes and the separator have a porous structure and the degree of filling of the pores of the separator and both electrodes with electrolyte is in the range from 40 to 90% of the pore volume.
  • the disadvantages of this invention are as follows.
  • the thermal conductivity of the separator and electrodes partially filled with electrolyte is less than their thermal conductivity when completely filled with electrolyte.
  • the temperature will be higher inside the capacitor, the pores of which are partially filled with electrolyte. Disclosure of the invention.
  • the problem solved by the invention is to increase the duration of maintenance free operation of the electrochemical capacitor at elevated (50 0 C or more) temperature, as well as in conditions of intensive continuous cycling.
  • the technical result in the present invention is achieved by creating an electrochemical capacitor containing a housing, a polarizable electrode made of activated carbon material, a non-polarizable electrode, a porous separator located between the electrodes, and an electrolyte filling the pores of the separator and electrodes, in which, according to the invention, the pressure applied to the condenser from the wide side of the capacitor housing, equal to or more capillary pressure in the pores of the separator.
  • the invention is also characterized in that the capillary pressure in the pores of the negative electrode is 0.2-1.5 capillary pressure in the pores of the separator, and the main pores of the separator are 3-30 microns in size.
  • the pressure on the electrode block is less than the capillary pressure in the pores of the separator, then the released oxygen penetrates between the positive electrode and the separator into the gas space of the capacitor without falling onto the negative electrode. If the capillary pressure in the pores of the negative electrode is significantly greater than in the pores of the separator, then oxygen cannot displace the electrolyte from the pores of the negative electrode and penetrates mainly into the gas space of the capacitor.
  • the operation of the capacitor is as follows.
  • the positive electrode starts to stand out oxygen, it partially displaces the electrolyte from the pores of the separator, and the flow of electrolyte is directed to the auxiliary electrode and then to its ends.
  • the electrolyte is displaced from the large pores of the auxiliary electrode. This is due to the fact that, with the indicated ratio of the sizes of the prevailing pores of the auxiliary electrode and the separator, the capillary pressure of the electrolyte in the pores of the auxiliary electrode is comparable with the capillary pressure in the pores of the separator.
  • Partial filling of the auxiliary electrode with oxygen leads to the fact that the interface between the liquid and gas becomes many times larger than the geometric area of the auxiliary electrode.
  • Chart 1 shows the change in the energy supplied to the module depending on the number of charge-discharge cycles
  • Figure 2 shows the change in the discharge energy of the capacitor depending on the number of charge-discharge cycles in the case of using a dosed electrolyte
  • Figure 3 shows the change in the testing process of the characteristics of the module, in which oxygen transfer and reduction are provided in the capacitors.
  • Example 1 The best versions of the proposed design. Example 1
  • the objects of the test were five prismatic capacitors with a capacity of 6000 farads.
  • the negative electrode material was a fabric of activated carbon fibers with a specific surface of 1000 m / g.
  • a separator a FPP10-CG brand separator was used with main pore sizes
  • the capillary pressure of the negative electrode material was 0.7 - 1 kPa.
  • the electrolyte was taken in excess.
  • the air temperature was maintained at 50 ⁇ 2 0 C.
  • a monotonous decrease in the energy supplied is noticeable, and after 4000 cycles, the energy supplied falls by more than 50%.
  • Example 1 shows that when using a capacitor with excess electrolyte and using a finely porous separator, the capacitor resource is only 4000 charge-discharge cycles.
  • Example 2 The same capacitors were used as in example 1, but part of the electrolyte was removed from them, having carried out an excess charge in an inverted state and with valves turned out.
  • Chart 2 shows how the discharge energy of the capacitor changes depending on the number of charge-discharge cycles in the case of using a dosed electrolyte. It can be seen that in a capacitor with a dosed electrolyte, the resource increases significantly.
  • the capacitors were the same in design as in Example 1.
  • the PP-7B non-woven polypropylene material with a predominant pore diameter of about 12 ⁇ m and a capillary pressure of 1-2 kPa was used as the separator material.
  • Figure 3 shows how the characteristics of the module, in which oxygen transfer and reduction were provided in the capacitors, were changed during the testing process. It can be seen that as a result of the changes made, the resource of continuous operation of the condenser at elevated temperature increased at least 20 times and amounted to at least 80 thousand cycles.
  • the proposed design can be implemented using any capacitors, during operation of which oxygen evolution is possible on one of the electrodes: positive electrode capacitors containing Pb and PbO 2 ; MnO 2 ; ruthenium oxides etc.
  • the chemical composition of the electrolyte can also be different: aqueous solutions of alkalis, including KOH, NaOH, LiOH and their mixtures, solutions of alkali metal carbonates and their mixtures with alkali solutions, mineral acids, including H 2 SO 4 , etc.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention appartient au domaine de l'industrie électrochimique et peut s'utiliser dans la fabrication de condensateurs électrochimiques asymétriques à électrolyte aqueux. L'invention permet de prolonger la durée de fonctionnement sans service du condensateur électrochimique à une température élevée (supérieure à 50°C) ainsi que dans des conditions de cycles ininterrompus. Selon l'invention, on forme un condensateur électrochimique qui comprend un boîtier, une électrode polarisable faite d'un matériau carboné activé, une électrode non polarisable, un séparateur poreux disposé entre les électrodes et un électrolyte qui remplit les pores du condensateur et des électrodes; selon l'invention, la pression appliquée au condensateur du côté latéral large du boîtier de condensateur est plus grande que la pression capillaire dans les pores du séparateur.
PCT/RU2004/000327 2004-08-31 2004-08-31 Condensateur electrochimique Ceased WO2006036078A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2004/000327 WO2006036078A1 (fr) 2004-08-31 2004-08-31 Condensateur electrochimique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2004/000327 WO2006036078A1 (fr) 2004-08-31 2004-08-31 Condensateur electrochimique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006036078A1 true WO2006036078A1 (fr) 2006-04-06

Family

ID=36119164

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2004/000327 Ceased WO2006036078A1 (fr) 2004-08-31 2004-08-31 Condensateur electrochimique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2006036078A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6309428B1 (en) * 1998-11-25 2001-10-30 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method for producing electrochemical capacitor
JP2002060668A (ja) * 2000-08-18 2002-02-26 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc 印刷インキ用樹脂組成物
WO2002019357A1 (fr) * 2000-08-29 2002-03-07 Universal Resources Ag Condensateur a double couche electrochimique
RU2185675C2 (ru) * 1997-12-18 2002-07-20 Научно-производственное предприятие "Эксин" Конденсатор с двойным электрическим слоем

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2185675C2 (ru) * 1997-12-18 2002-07-20 Научно-производственное предприятие "Эксин" Конденсатор с двойным электрическим слоем
US6309428B1 (en) * 1998-11-25 2001-10-30 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method for producing electrochemical capacitor
JP2002060668A (ja) * 2000-08-18 2002-02-26 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc 印刷インキ用樹脂組成物
WO2002019357A1 (fr) * 2000-08-29 2002-03-07 Universal Resources Ag Condensateur a double couche electrochimique

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN102054962B (zh) 包括嵌入式可压缩或形变元件的电极
KR102166391B1 (ko) 고출력 응용을 위한 2차 아연-이산화망간 전지
US5429893A (en) Electrochemical capacitors having dissimilar electrodes
RU2140681C1 (ru) Асимметричный электрохимический конденсатор
US8822071B2 (en) Active material for rechargeable battery
KR20020042676A (ko) 금속수소화물 및 전극을 활성화하는 방법
RU2254634C2 (ru) Электрохимический конденсатор
CN108298589A (zh) 一种蛋黄型二氧化锰微球的制备方法及用途
JP2003197487A (ja) 電気二重層キャパシタ
WO2006036078A1 (fr) Condensateur electrochimique
WO2012153464A1 (fr) Anode de batterie au plomb, et batterie au plomb
JP2000124081A (ja) 電気二重層キャパシタ
RU2183877C2 (ru) Электрохимический конденсатор с двойным электрическим слоем
JP3533032B2 (ja) アルカリ蓄電池とその製造方法
EP2735008A1 (fr) Dispositif de stockage d'énergie, électrolyte gélifié inorganique et procédés correspondants
JP2923946B2 (ja) 密閉形アルカリ二次電池とその製造方法
CN211320252U (zh) 铅蓄电池
RU2198446C2 (ru) Конденсатор с двойным электрическим слоем
Arkhangel'Skaya et al. Gas evolution and absorption in a sealed nickel-zinc battery with nickel oxide electrode fabricated from spherical nickel hydroxide
JPH10326626A (ja) 巻回形電池の製造方法
JP2002008645A (ja) 水素吸蔵合金負極及びその製造方法
RU2168810C2 (ru) Герметичный никель-кадмиевый аккумулятор
JPH09245847A (ja) 蓄電池
JPS6346957B2 (fr)
RU2306638C1 (ru) Положительный серебряный электрод для щелочного аккумулятора и аккумулятор на его основе

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase