WO2006018205A2 - Novel essential genes of bacillus licheniformis and improved biotechnical production method based thereon - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to 150 novel essential genes, the gene products of Bacillus licheniformis thereof and sufficiently similar genes and proteins. Said factors accept in vivo elementary life processes, for example, replication (for example, DNA-polymerease, helicase or gyrase), transcription (for example, RNA-polymerase), protein biosynthesis (ribosomal proteins, aminocyl-tRNA-synthetases, initiation and elongation factors), secretion of protein (for example, translocase) or energy metabolism. One error of said gene is that it is lethal to directly related cells and can not be compensated by possible compounds of the nutrient solution. The associated genes can be used as selection markers. In this respect, it is possible to establish improved biotechnological production methods by micro-organisms, and a selection by means of said genes can take place without antibiotics and components of conventional nutrient solutions cannot be compensated.

Description

 New essential genes of Bacillus licheniformis and improved biotechnological production processes based on them

The present invention relates to 150 new essential genes and their gene products of Bacillus licheniformis and sufficiently similar genes and proteins as well as auf¬ building, insofar improved biotechnological production process by Mikro¬ organisms, as each of these genes is suitable as a selection marker.

The present invention is in the field of biotechnology, in particular the production of recyclables by fermentation of microorganisms which are capable of forming the valuable substances of interest. These include, for example, the production of low molecular weight compounds, for example of food supplements or pharmaceutically relevant compounds, or of proteins, for which, due to their diversity, there is again a large field of technical application. In the first case, the metabolic properties of the microorganisms in question are utilized and / or modified for the production of valuable substances; in the second case, cells are used which express the genes of the proteins of interest (so-called transgenes). In both cases, therefore, most of them are genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

For the fermentation of microorganisms is a rich state of the art, especially on an industrial scale; It ranges from the optimization of the relevant strains with regard to the rate of formation and the utilization of nutrients on the technical design of the fermenter to the extraction of recyclables from the cells themselves and / or the fermentation medium. For this purpose, both genetic and microbiological as well as procedural and biochemical approaches to wear. The aim of the present invention is to improve this process with regard to the stability of the transgenes in the microorganisms used, namely at the level of the genetic properties of the strains considered.

Expression systems are developed and developed essentially on the basis of two fundamentally different genetic constructions. On the one hand, the gene for the protein to be produced becomes the chromosome of the host organism integrated. Such constructs are very stable without selection for the presence of an additional marker gene (see below). A major disadvantage is that only one copy of the gene is present in the host and the integration of further copies to increase the product formation rate on the gene dose effect designed methodically very expensive. This prior art is briefly illustrated below.

European Patent EP 284126 B1 solves the problem of stable multiple integration by introducing into the cell multiple gene copies containing intervening endogenous and essential chromosomal DNA segments.

Another solution for stable multiple integration is disclosed in the patent application WO 99/41358 A1. Thus, two copies of the gene of interest are integrated in opposite transcriptional directions and separated from a non-essential segment of DNA so as to prevent homologous recombination of the two copies.

The patent application DD 277467 A1 discloses a process for the production of extracellular enzymes which is based on the stable, advantageously multiple integration of the genes coding for the enzyme of interest into the bacterial chromosome. Integration takes place via homologous areas. To control successful integration events, an erythromycin gene contained on the plasmid serves to inactivate upon successful integration.

According to the document DE 4231764 A1, the integration into the chromosome can take place via a single or double crossing-over via the gene for thymidylate synthetase. The latter allows the control of this procedure, because in a simple crossing-over, the thy activity is preserved, while it is lost in a double crossing-over, that is, this auxotrophy is achieved. With a simple crossing-over in this particular system is associated with a resistance to the antibiotic trimethoprim, with a double the corresponding sensitivity.

The application WO 96/23073 A1 discloses a transposon-based system for integrating multiple copies of a gene of interest into the bacterial chromosome, which is characterized in that the marker gene of the plasmid is deleted by the integration and the resulting strains are thus free from a resistance are markers. Again, this marker requires a marker only to control the construction of the bacterial strain of interest.

A system for increasing the copy number of certain transgenes that integrate into a bacterial chromosome is also disclosed in the application WO 01/90393 A1.

The second approach to constructing producer strains is to transfer the gene of interest to an autonomously replicating element, for example a plasmid, and thereby transfer it into the host organism. Advantageously, the usually high number of plasmid copies per cell has an effect on the gene dosage effect. A disadvantage is the fact that over the entire culture time a Selek¬ tion pressure must be exercised to keep the plasmids in the cells. Standard¬ this is done via the addition of antibiotics in the culture medium, while genes that confer resistance to the substances in question, are presented on the plasmids. Thus, only the cells are able to grow, which have the plasmids in sufficient numbers.

The use of antibiotic resistance as a selection marker has increasingly come up against criticism in recent years. First, the use of antibiotics is quite expensive, especially if the resistance is based on an enzyme degrading the antibiotic and therefore the substance in question must be supplied during the entire cultivation. On the other hand, their widespread use, in particular in other fields of technology, contributes to the spread of the resistance genes to other strains, even to pathological strains. This already leads to considerable difficulties, for example, in medical hygiene and in particular in the treatment of infectious diseases by so-called multi-resistant, human-pathogenic strains.

Therefore, the above-exemplified systems for stable integration of genes into the chromosome of the producer cells are resorted to largely because they are stable without a permanent selection pressure. However, the strains concerned, as mentioned above, can only be produced with great effort. It is faster and more convenient in biotechnological practice, for example, to introduce a newly found or modified gene on a plasmid with selection marker into host cells and to express it in this way. Meanwhile, antibiotic-free selection systems have also been developed in the prior art. Thus, for example, in the publication "Transposon vectors containing non-antibiotic resistance selection markers for cloning and stable chromosomal insertion of foreign genes into gram-negative bacteria" by Herrero et al. (1990), J. Bacteriol., Vol. 172, pages 6557-6567, describes resistance to herbicides and heavy metals as selection markers. However, there are the same concerns about the use of these compounds as they are about antibiotics.

In principle, similar to an antibiotic selection works, for example, the selection of auxotrophy, that is a targeted metabolic defect that makes the cells in question dependent on the supply of certain metabolic products. Auxotrophic strains will then be paired with the transgene of interest to cure this auxotrophy. If lost, they would simultaneously lose their viability under appropriate culture conditions, resulting in the desired selection of the auxotrophic producer strains. Thus, for example, in the publication "Gene cloning in lactic Streptococci" by de Vos in the Netherlands Milk and Dairy Journal, Vol. 40, (1986), pages 141-154 on p. 148, various selection markers developed from the metabolism of lacto-streptococci referenced; These include those from the lactose metabolism, copper resistance and resistance genes to various Bacteriocinen of lacto Streptococci. The patent EP 284126 B1, which deals with the problem of stable integration of genes of interest into the bacterial chromosome (see above) summarizes the possible systems for selection auxotrophy, resistance to biocides and resistance to virus infections on page 7 under the term "survival As selection of auxotrophic selection markers, the metabolic genes leu, his, trp or the like are cited here; obviously, those from amino acid synthesis pathways are meant.

In practice, however, the use of such auxotrophies so far very problematic, since in industrial fermentation almost all necessary substrates are available in sufficient quantities and the cells in question can compensate for the lack of synthesis of a particular compound on the inclusion of this same compound from the nutrient medium ,

An exception so far is only the essential thymidine, which occurs only in traces in industrial fermentation media and therefore of the - proliferating and thus DNA-synthesizing - organisms must be formed via a thymidylate synthase. Thus, the application EP 251579 A2 offers the solution of using as host strains those which are deficient in terms of the thymidylate synthase gene essential for nucleotide metabolism. Accordingly, the gene can be made available for this function (thyA from Escherichia coli K12) via a vector and can cure the gene defect. If this vector additionally carries the gene for the protein of interest, an antibiotic-like selection of the producer cells occurs.

In the non-prepublished patent application PCT / EP2004 / 001949 it is proposed to inactivate an endogenous gene coding for an essential translocation activity and to cure this defect via a vector. This should be the gene coding for one of the factors SecA, SecY, SecE, SecD, SecF, signal peptidase, b-SRP (Ffh or Ffs / Scr), FtsY / Srb, PrsA or YajC, preferably for one of the subunits the preprotein translocase SecA, SecY, SecE, SecD or SecF. In this application, the sequences of secA and the derived therefrom protein SecA from Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and S. licheniformis are disclosed.

In summary, it should be noted that while there is great experience in the art of biotechnological production of proteins in the prior art and the expression of genes of interest on chromosomal integration and antibiotic selection is specifically controlled, but there are only a few alternatives to these two systems. In particular, there are hardly any alternatives that are less expensive than the chromosomal integration and at the same time manage without selection on an expensive or ecologically questionable compound.

In particular, the approach to selection via auxotrophic markers has so far only led to very sparse results in terms of the complex nutrient media generally used in industry. Because these usually contain numerous low molecular weight compounds such as nucleotides, vitamins or amino acids, over which such auxotrophies, that is, relatively simple metabolic defects are compensated. It would therefore be desirable to be able to select, which works in principle like an auxotrophy, but does not rely on such metabolic defects that are compensated by the commonly used complex nutrient media. It was therefore the task of developing further selection systems that are as easy to handle as the selection of an antibiotic, but do without expensive and possibly environmentally harmful substances. They should be applicable on an industrial scale. They should build on such genes, the absence of which can not be compensated for by impurities in industrial media.

In subtasks, this meant identifying essential genes and providing tools for the desired genetic modification by identifying the associated nucleotide sequences.

Among a partial aspect of this task are, in particular, those essential genes of interest, for whose derived proteins themselves technical applications exist because of their biochemical properties, for example in molecular-biological reaction mixtures. The determination of the associated nucleotide sequences would make them accessible to targeted production and thus to these technical application possibilities.

This object is achieved by each of the 150 proteins found in the sequence listing for B.licheniformis, including the respectively sufficiently homologous proteins; Further independent solutions to the problem are the associated nucleic acids, likewise including the respectively sufficiently homologous nucleic acids. The respective nucleic acid and amino acid sequences are fully set forth in the Sequence Listing of the present application.

These factors take on in vivo elementary life processes of the respective organisms, for example replication (for example DNA polymerease, helicase or gyrase), transcription (for example RNA polymerase), protein biosynthesis (ribosomal proteins, aminocyl-tRNA synthetases, initiations and elongation factors), the secretion of proteins (for example translocase) or the energy metabolism. A lack of these genes is directly lethal to the cells in question and can not be compensated by any compounds from the nutrient medium.

Further solutions to this problem are vectors with the associated nucleic acid sections, cells and processes for the production of these proteins Uses of the respective nucleic acids as selection markers, in particular by providing corresponding plasmids with these genes, which maintain the genotype required for survival in knock-out mutants generated with respect to these genes.

Using these molecular biological constructs, methods for the fermentation of microorganisms, in particular Gram-positive bacteria of the species Bacillus can now be established, in which one or more of these essential genes are chromosomally inactivated and whose intact copies serve as selection markers. This results in the advantages described at the beginning as desirable in the production of valuable substances of interest and in their processing. This includes, in particular, the possibility of being able to do without antibiotics as selection agents. It is even possible to use several of these genes side by side for the simultaneous selection, for example of several plasmids.

The said sub-aspect of the task for the development of such essential proteins for which there are technical applications due to their biochemical properties is also met. The associated proteins can now be produced selectively via the nucleotide sequences provided according to the invention and are thus available to the relevant technical application options. Further, the subject nucleic acids may be used to identify related genes or promoters naturally associated therewith.

As described in the examples for the present application, it was possible by sequencing the genomic DNA of S. licheniformis DSM 13, that of the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124 Braunschweig (http://www.dsmz.de ), it is possible to identify 150 new genes that fulfill the stated task.

The respectively next-similar genes and associated proteins known for this purpose in the prior art have the sequence homologies given in Example 3 (Table 1) for the present application. This defines the scope of protection covered by the present application. Accordingly, all of the following nucleic acids and proteins, including their respective homology regions in principle, equivalent embodiments of the present invention, wherein an increasing degree of homology (expressed in percent identity) is increasingly preferred in each case:

A nucleic acid dnaA encoding a chromosomal replication initiator protein having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 1 nucleotide sequence having at least 85% identity, and more preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

an initiator protein of the chromosomal replication DnaA having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 2 has at least 95% identity and more preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid dnaB coding for a membrane attachment protein of the chromosomal replication initiation, having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 3 nucleotide sequence has at least 74% identity and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a membrane attachment protein of the chromosomal replication initiation DnaB having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 4 has at least 70% identity and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid dnaC encoding a replicative DNA helicase, having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 5 nucleotide sequence has at least 87% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a replicative DNA helicase DnaC having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 6 amino acid sequence has at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity.

a nucleic acid dnaD encoding a DNA replication protein having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having; a DNA replication protein DnaD having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 8 has at least 75% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid dnaE coding for an alpha subunit of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III alpha subunit, E.C. 2.7.7.7) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 9 nucleotide sequence has at least 74% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

an alpha subunit of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III alpha subunit; E.C. 2.7.7.7) DnaE having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 74% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid dnaG encoding a DNA primase (DNA primase, E.C. 2.7.7.-) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 11 nucleotide sequence has at least 76% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a DNA primase (DNA primase, E.C. 2.7.7.) DnaG having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 12 has at least 79% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid dnal coding for a primosome protein (primosomal protein) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 13 nucleotide sequence has at least 74% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a primosome protein Dnal having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 14 has at least 74% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid dnaN coding for a beta-chain of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase IM beta chain; EC 2.7.7.7), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 15 nucleotide sequence has at least 82% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a beta-chain of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III beta chain; EC 2.7.7.7) DnaN, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 16 has at least 89% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.2%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid dnaX coding for a chain III of a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase III (DNA-directed DNA polymerase III chain, E.C., 2.7.7.7) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 80% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a chain III of a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase III (DNA-directed DNA polymerase III chain, E.C., 2.7.7.7) DnaX having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 85% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.2%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid holB coding for a delta subunit of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III, delta 'subunit, E.C.2.7.7.7), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 19 nucleotide sequence has at least 84% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a delta subunit of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III, delta ¹ subunit; EC2.7.7.7) HoIB having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 20 has at least 85% identity, and more preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid HgA coding for a DNA ligase (DNA ligase, E.C. 6.5.1.2), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 21 has at least 81% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a DNA ligase (DNA ligase; E.C. 6.5.1.2) LigA having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 22 has at least 85% identity and more preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid pcrA coding for an ATP-dependent DNA helicase (ATP-dependent DNA helicase; EC 3.6.1.-) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 23 has at least 82% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

an ATP-dependent DNA helicase (ATP-dependent DNA helicase; E.C. 3.6.1.) PcrA, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 24 has at least 87% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid polC (pollll) coding for a PolC-type DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III, po / C-type), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 25 nucleotide sequence has at least 82% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a PolC-type DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III, po / C-type) PoIC having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 26 has at least 89% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid priA coding for a primosomal replication factor Y (primosomal protein N ¹ ) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 27 has at least 76% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a primosomal replication factor Y (primosomal protein N ') PriA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 79% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 82.5%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having;

a nucleic acid ssb coding for a single-stranded DNA-binding protein with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 29 has at least 85% identity and more preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a single-stranded DNA-binding protein Ssb having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 30 indicated Amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity, and more preferably at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid gyrA coding for a subunit A of a DNA gyrase (DNA gyrase subunit A, E.C. 5.99.1.3), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 31 has at least 82% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a subunit A of a DNA gyrase (DNA gyrase subunit A, E.C. 5.99.1.3) GyrA, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 32 has at least 89% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid gyrB coding for a subunit B of a DNA gyrase (DNA gyrase subunit B, E.C. 5.99.1.3), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 82% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a subunit B of a DNA gyrase (DNA gyrase subunit B, E.C. 5.99.1.3) GyrB having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 89% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid hbs coding for a DNA binding protein HU (DNA-binding protein HU), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 35 has at least 95% identity and more preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a DNA binding protein HU (DNA-binding protein HU) Hbs having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 36 has at least 97% identity and, more preferably, at least 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid parC coding for a subunit A of a topoisomerase IV (topoisomerase IV ₁ subunit A; EC 5.99.1.-), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 37 has at least 79% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a subunit A of a topoisomerase IV (topoisomerase IV, subunit A; EC 5.99.1.) ParC having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid parE coding for a subunit B of a topoisomerase IV (topoisomerase IV, subunit B, E.C. 5.99.1.-) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 84% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a subunit B of a topoisomerase IV (topoisomerase IV, subunit B, E.C. 5.99.1.-) ParE, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 40 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid smc coding for a factor for chromosome condensation and segregation, having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 76% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having;

a chromosome condensation and segregation factor Smc having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 42 has at least 81% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid topA encoding a DNA topoisomerase I (DNA topoisomerase I; E.C. 5.99.1.2) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 43 nucleotide sequence has at least 83% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a DNA topoisomerase I (DNA topoisomerase I, E.C. 5.99.1.2) TopA having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 44 has at least 91% identity and, more preferably, at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid ydiO (aqul) coding for an alpha subunit of a modification methylase (modulase methylase, alpha subunit; EC 2.1.1.73), having a Nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 36% identity, and more preferably at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and especially, of nucleotide sequence indicated preferably has 100% identity;

an alpha subunit of a modification methylase (modification methylase, alpha subunit, E.C. 2.1.1.73) YdiO (Aqul) having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 15% identity, and more preferably at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98 %, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpoA coding for an alpha-chain of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (DNA 2.7.7.6), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to the nucleotide sequence given in SEQ ID NO % Identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

an alpha-chain of DNA-directed RNA polymerase, alpha chain (EC 2.7.7.6) RpoA, having an amino acid sequence leading to at least 93% identity and increasing to the amino acid sequence given in SEQ ID NO preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpoB coding for a beta chain of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (E.C. 2.7.7.6), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 49 nucleotide sequence has at least 89% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a beta-chain of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (E.C., E.C., 2.7.7.6) RpoB having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 50 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpoC coding for a beta-chain of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 51 has at least 88% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a beta 'chain of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase beta' chain (EC 2.7.7.6) RpoC having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated amino acid sequence;

a nucleic acid sigA encoding a larger RNA polymerase sigma factor 43 (RNA polymerase major sigma-43 factor; sigma-A) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 86% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a larger RNA polymerase sigma factor 43 (RNA polymerase major sigma-43 factor; sigma-A) SigA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 54 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid cca encoding a polyA polymerase (polyA polymerase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 66% identity, and more preferably at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, of the nucleotide sequence indicated. and most preferably 100% identity;

a polyA polymerase (polyA polymerase) Cca, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 60% identity, and more preferably at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid cspR coding for a rRNA methylase (rRNA methylase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 79% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having;

an rRNA methylase (rRNA methylase) CspR having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 84% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rnc coding for a ribonuclease III (ribonuclease III) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 59 indicated nucleotide sequence at least 86% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a ribonuclease III (ribonuclease III) Rnc having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rnpA coding for a ribonuclease P (ribonuclease P, E.C. 3.1.26.5), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 65% identity, and more preferably at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100%. Having identity;

a ribonuclease P (ribonuclease P, E.C., 3.1.26.5) RnpA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 62 has at least 69% identity and more preferably at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid trmD encoding a methyltransferase (methyltransferase; E.C. 2.1.1.31) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having;

a methyltransferase (methyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.1.31) TrmD, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 64 has at least 86% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid trmU encoding a methyltransferase (methyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.1.61) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a methyltransferase (methyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.1.61) TrmU having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 66 has at least 92% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid yycF coding for a putative two-component response regulator with a nucleotide sequence, the to SEQ ID NO. 67 has at least 83% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a putative two-component response regulator YycF having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a yycG nucleic acid encoding a putative two-component response regulator with a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 69 has at least 78% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a putative two-component response regulator YycG having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 78% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid nusA encoding a putative transcription termination factor having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 71 has at least 84% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a putative transcription termination factor NusA, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 72 has at least 92% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rplA coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L1 (5OS ribosomal protein L1, BL1), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 73 nucleotide sequence has at least 89% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L1 (5OS ribosomal protein L1; BL1) RpIA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 74 indicated amino acid sequence at least 91% identity, and more preferably at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rplB coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L2 (5OS ribosomal protein L2), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 75 nucleotide sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity;

50S ribosomal protein L2 (5OS ribosomal protein L2) RpIB having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 95% identity, and more preferably at least 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpIC coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L3 (5OS ribosomal protein L3), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 77 nucleotide sequence has at least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L3 (5OS ribosomal protein L3) RpIC having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 78 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpID encoding a 50S ribosomal protein L4 (5OS ribosomal protein L4) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 79 nucleotide sequence at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99% 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity having;

a 50S ribosomal protein L4 (5OS ribosomal protein L4) RpID, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 80 has at least 93% identity and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rplE coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L5 (5OS ribosomal protein L5), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 81 nucleotide sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L5 (5OS ribosomal protein L5) RpIE having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 82 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity; a nucleic acid rplF encoding a 50S ribosomal protein L6 (5OS ribosomal protein L6), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 83 has at least 92% identity and more preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L6 (5OS ribosomal protein L6) RpIF having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 84 has at least 92% identity and more preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpIL coding for a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L9P (LSU ribosomal protein L9P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 85 nucleotide sequence has at least 75% identity and increasingly preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L9P (LSU ribosomal protein L9P) RpIL having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 86 has at least 84% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rplJ coding for a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L10P (LSU ribosomal protein L10P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 87 nucleotide sequence has at least 95% identity, and more preferably at least 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L10P (LSU ribosomal protein L10P) RpIJ, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpIL coding for a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L12P (LSU ribosomal protein L12P; L7 / L12), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 89 nucleotide sequence has at least 96% identity and more preferably at least 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L12P (LSU ribosomal protein L12P; L7 / L12) RpIL having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 90 indicated Amino acid sequence having at least 96% identity, and more preferably at least 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rplM coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L13 (5OS ribosomal protein L13), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 91 has at least 97% identity and more preferably at least 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity; a 50S ribosomal protein L13 (5OS ribosomal protein L13) RpIM having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 92 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rplN coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L14 (5OS ribosomal protein L14), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 93 nucleotide sequence has at least 92% identity and more preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L14 (5OS ribosomal protein L14) RpIN having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 94 has at least 93% identity and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rplO coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L15 (5OS ribosomal protein L15), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 95 nucleotide sequence has at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L15 (5OS ribosomal protein L15) RpIO, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated amino acid sequence;

a nucleic acid rplP coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L16 (5OS ribosomal protein L16), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 97 nucleotide sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L16 (5OS ribosomal protein L16) RpIP having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 98 has at least 96% identity, and more preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity; a nucleic acid rplQ coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L17 (5OS ribosomal protein L17), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 99 nucleotide sequence has at least 92% identity, and more preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L17 (5OS ribosomal protein L17) RpIQ having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated amino acid sequence;

a nucleic acid rpIR encoding a 50S ribosomal protein L18 (5OS ribosomal protein L18) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 101 nucleotide sequence has at least 85% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L18 (5OS ribosomal protein L18) RpIR having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 102 has at least 87% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpIS coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L19 (5OS ribosomal protein L19), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 103 nucleotide sequence has at least 91% identity, and more preferably at least 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L19 (5OS ribosomal protein L19) RpIS, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpIT coding for a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L20P (LSU ribosomal protein L20P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated nucleotide sequence;

a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L20P (LSU ribosomal protein L20P) RpIT having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 106 has at least 98% identity and, more preferably, at least 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L21 (5OS ribosomal protein L21), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 107 indicated Nucleotide sequence having at least 88% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L21 (5OS ribosomal protein L21) RpIU with an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 86% identity, and more preferably at least 88%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rplV coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L22 (5OS ribosomal protein L22), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated nucleotide sequence;

a 50S ribosomal protein L22 (5OS ribosomal protein L22) RpIV having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rplW coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L23 (5OS ribosomal protein L23), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L23 (5OS ribosomal protein L23) RpIW, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 112 has at least 88% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpIX coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L24 (5OS ribosomal protein L24), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 113 nucleotide sequence has at least 92% identity and increasingly preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L24 (50S ribosomal protein L24) RpIX having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 114 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpmA encoding a 50S ribosomal protein L27 (5OS ribosomal protein L27) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 115 indicated Nucleotide sequence having at least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L27 (5OS ribosomal protein L27) RpmA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpmB coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L28 (5OS ribosomal protein L28), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 117 nucleotide sequence has at least 88% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L28 (5OS ribosomal protein L28) RpmB having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 118 at least 92% identity and increasingly preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity.

a nucleic acid rpmC encoding a 50S ribosomal protein L29 (5OS ribosomal protein L29), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 119 nucleotide sequence has at least 96% identity and more preferably at least 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L29 (5OS ribosomal protein L29) RpmC having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 120 amino acid sequence has at least 99% identity and increasingly preferably at least 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpmD coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L30 (5OS ribosomal protein L30), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 121 nucleotide sequence has at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L30 (5OS ribosomal protein L30) RpmD having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 122 has at least 99% identity and more preferably at least 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpmE coding for a ribosomal protein L31 (ribosomal protein L31), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 123 nucleotide sequence has at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity; a ribosomal protein L31 (ribosomal protein L31) RpmE having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 124 has at least 99% identity and more preferably at least 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpmF encoding a 50S ribosomal protein L32 (5OS ribosomal protein L32) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 125 nucleotide sequence has at least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L32 (5OS ribosomal protein L32) RpmF, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 71% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpmGA coding for a type 1-50S ribosomal protein L33 (5OS ribosomal protein L33 type 1), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 127 nucleotide sequence has at least 90% identity and increasingly preferably at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a type 1-50S ribosomal protein L33 (5OS ribosomal protein L33 type 1) RpmGA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 128 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpmGB coding for a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L33P (LSU ribosomal protein L33P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 129 nucleotide sequence has at least 84% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a large subunit L33P (LSU ribosomal protein L33P) ribosomal protein RpmGB having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 130 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpml encoding a 50S ribosomal protein L35 (5OS ribosomal protein L35), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 131 nucleotide sequence at least 88% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L35 (5OS ribosomal protein L35) Rpml with a

Amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 132 indicated amino acid sequence at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%,

99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpmJ encoding a 50S ribosomal protein L36 (5OS ribosomal protein L36) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 133 nucleotide sequence has at least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 50S ribosomal protein L36 (5OS ribosomal protein L36) RpmJ, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 134 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsB coding for a ribosomal protein S2 (ribosomal protein S2) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 135 nucleotide sequence has at least 92% identity, and more preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a Ribosomal Protein S2 (ribosomal protein S2) RpsB having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 136 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsC encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S3 (3OS ribosomal protein S3) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 137 nucleotide sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 30S ribosomal protein S3 (3OS ribosomal protein S3) RpsC having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsD encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S4 (3OS ribosomal protein S4), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 139 nucleotide sequence has at least 89% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity; a 30S ribosomal protein S4 (3OS ribosomal protein S4) RpsD having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 140 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsE encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S5 (3OS ribosomal protein S5), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 141 nucleotide sequence has at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 30S ribosomal protein S5 (3OS ribosomal protein S5) RpsE, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 142 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsF coding for a ribosomal protein S6 (ribosomal protein S6), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 91% identity, and more preferably at least 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a ribosomal protein S6 (ribosomal protein S6) RpsF having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 144 has at least 92% identity and more preferably at least 93%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsG coding for a ribosomal protein of the small subunit S7P (SSU ribosomal protein S7P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 145 nucleotide sequence has at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a ribosomal protein of the small subunit S7P (SSU ribosomal protein S7P) RpsG having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 146 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsH encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S8 (3OS ribosomal protein S8) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 91% identity, and more preferably at least 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 30S ribosomal protein S8 (3OS ribosomal protein S8) RpsH having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 148 indicated amino acid sequence at least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rps1 encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S9 (3OS ribosomal protein S9) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 149 nucleotide sequence having at least 95% identity and more preferably at least 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 30S ribosomal protein S9 (3OS ribosomal protein S9) Rps1, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 150 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsJ coding for a ribosomal protein S10 (ribosomal protein S10) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 97% identity and more preferably at least 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity; a ribosomal protein S10 (ribosomal protein S10) RpsJ having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 152 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsK coding for a 30S-ribosomal protein S11 (3OS ribosomal protein S11), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity, indicated nucleotide sequence;

a 30S ribosomal protein S11 (3OS ribosomal protein S11) RpsK having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 154 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsL encoding a small subunit ribosomal protein S12P (SSU ribosomal protein S12P) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated nucleotide sequence;

a small subunit S12P (SSU ribosomal protein S12P) ribosomal protein RpsL having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 156 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a nucleic acid rpsM encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S13 (3OS ribosomal protein S13), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 157 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 30S ribosomal protein S13 (3OS ribosomal protein S13) RpsM, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 158 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsN encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S14-1 (3OS ribosomal protein S14-1), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 30S ribosomal protein S14-1 (3OS ribosomal protein S14-1) RpsN having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 160 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsO coding for a ribosomal protein S15 (ribosomal protein S15), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a ribosomal protein S15 (ribosomal protein S15) RpsO having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 162 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsP encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S16 (3OS ribosomal protein S16), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 30S ribosomal protein S16 (3OS ribosomal protein S16) RpsP having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 164 indicated amino acid sequence at least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsQ coding for a 30S-ribosomal protein S17 (3OS ribosomal protein S 17), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 165 nucleotide sequence has at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 30S ribosomal protein S17 (3OS ribosomal protein S17) RpsQ, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 166 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsR encoding a ribosomal protein S18 (ribosomal protein S18) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 167 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a ribosomal protein S18 (ribosomal protein S18) RpsR having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 168 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsS coding for a 30S ribosomal protein S19 (3OS ribosomal protein S19), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 30S ribosomal protein S19 (3OS ribosomal protein S 19) RpsS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 170 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid rpsT encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S20 (3OS ribosomal protein S20), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 87% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 30S ribosomal protein S20 (3OS ribosomal protein S20) RpsT having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 172 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a nucleic acid rpsU encoding a small subunit ribosomal protein S21P (SSU ribosomal protein S21P) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 96% identity and more preferably at least 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a small subunit S21 P (SSU ribosomal protein S21 P) ribosomal protein RpsU, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 174 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid alaS coding for an alanyl-tRNA synthetase (alanyl-tRNA synthetase, E.C. 6.1.1.7), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 81% identity, and more preferably at least 82.5%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100, of nucleotide sequence indicated % Identity;

an alanyl-tRNA synthetase (alanyl-tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.7) AIaS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 84% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated amino acid sequence;

a nucleic acid argS coding for a probable arginyl-tRNA synthetase (probable arginyl-tRNA synthetase) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a probable arginyl-tRNA synthetase ArgS probable with an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 178 has at least 92% identity and more preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

an asnS nucleic acid encoding an asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 86% identity, and more preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably

100% identity;

an asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase) AsnS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 180 indicated amino acid sequence at least 96% identity, and more preferably at least 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid aspS coding for an aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (aspartyl-tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.12), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 80% identity, and more preferably at least 82.5%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100, nucleotide sequence indicated % Identity;

an aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (aspartyl-tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.12) AspS, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 182 has at least 85% identity, and more preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid cysS coding for a cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 80% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase) CysS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 184 has at least 87% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid gltX encoding a glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (glutamyl-tRNA synthetase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 185 nucleotide sequence has at least 82% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity;

a glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (glutamyl-tRNA synthetase) GItX having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 186 has at least 90% identity, and more preferably at least 92%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid glyQ coding for an alpha-chain of a glycyl-tRNA synthetase (glycyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain, EC 6.1.1.14), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; an alpha-chain of a glycyl-tRNA synthetase (glycyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain; EC 6.1.1.14) GIyQ having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 188 has at least 96% identity and more preferably at least 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid glyS coding for a beta-chain of a glycyl-tRNA synthetase (glycyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain, E.C. 6.1.1.14), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 74% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a beta-chain of a glycyl-tRNA synthetase (glycyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain; E.C. 6.1.1.14) GIyS, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 76% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated amino acid sequence;

a nucleic acid hisS coding for a histidyl-tRNA synthetase (histidyl-tRNA synthetase, E.C. 6.1.1.21), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 191 has at least 81% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a histidyl-tRNA synthetase (histidyl-tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.21) HisS having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 192 having at least 85% identity and more preferably at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid HeS coding for an isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, E.C. 6.1.1.5), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 193 nucleotide sequence has at least 80% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

an isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.5) NeS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 194 has at least 85% identity, and more preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

leuS nucleic acid encoding a leucyl-tRNA synthetase (leucyl-tRNA synthetase; EC 6.1.1.4) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 195 nucleotide sequence at least 84% identity and increasingly preferred at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a leucyl tRNA synthetase (leucyl tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.4) LeuS having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 90% identity, and more preferably at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a lysS nucleic acid encoding a lysyl tRNA synthetase (lysyl-tRNA synthetase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99% 99.5%, of the nucleotide sequence indicated. and most preferably 100% identity;

a lysyl-tRNA synthetase (lysyl-tRNA synthetase) LysS, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 92% identity and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid metS coding for a methionyl-tRNA synthetase (methionyl-tRNA synthetase, E.C. 6.1.1.10), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 80% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated nucleotide sequence;

a methionyl-tRNA synthetase (methionyl-tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.10) MetS having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Having at least 89% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated amino acid sequence;

a nucleic acid pheS coding for an alpha-chain of a phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, alpha chain; E.C. 6.1.1.20), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 201 has at least 82% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

an alpha-chain of a phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, alpha chain; EC 6.1.1.20) PheS having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 202 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a nucleic acid pheT coding for a phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase β-chain (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, beta chain; EC 6.1.1.20), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a beta-chain of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, beta chain; E.C. 6.1.1.20) PheT having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 204 has at least 82% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid proS coding for a prolyl-tRNA synthetase (prolyl-tRNA synthetase, E.C. 6.1.1.15), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 205 nucleotide sequence at least 77% identity and increasingly preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a prolyl-tRNA synthetase (prolyl-tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.15) ProS, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 206 has at least 84% identity, and more preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid serS coding for a seryl-tRNA synthetase (seryl-tRNA synthetase, E.C. 6.1.1.11), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 85% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a seryl-tRNA synthetase (seryl-tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.11) SerS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 95% identity, and more preferably at least 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid trpS coding for a tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, E.C. 6.1.1.2), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 97.5%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase; EC 6.1.1.2) TrpS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 210 indicated Amino acid sequence having at least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a tyrS nucleic acid encoding a tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 211 has at least 83% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase) TyrS having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 212 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid valS coding for a valyl-tRNA synthetase (valyl-tRNA synthetase, E.C. 6.1.1.9), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 213 has at least 84% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a valyl-tRNA synthetase (valyl-tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.9) VaIS, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 214 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid gatA coding for a Gln / glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase; E.C. 6.3.5.-), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 215 has at least 86% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a Gln / glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase; E.C. 6.3.5.-) GatA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Having at least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a gatB nucleic acid encoding a B subunit of a glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, EC 6.3.5.-) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO , 217 has at least 89% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a B subunit of a glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase subunit B; EC 6.3.5.-) GatB having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 218 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid gatC coding for a subunit C of a glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase subunit C, E.C. 6.3.5.-), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 219 has at least 83% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a subunit C of a glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase subunit C; E.C. 6.3.5.-) GatC having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 220 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid encoding a methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.2.9) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity and, more preferably, at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity are given ;

a methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase; E.C. 2.1.2.9) Fmt, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 222 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid frr coding for a ribosome recycling factor having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 82% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably, of nucleotide sequence indicated 100% identity;

a Ribosome Recycling Factor Frr having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 224 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid fusA coding for an elongation factor G of protein translation (protein translation elongation factor G; EF-G), having a nucleotide sequence identical to that described in SEQ ID NO. 225 nucleotide sequence has at least 90% identity and more preferably at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

an elongation factor G of protein translation (protein translation elongation factor G; EF-G) FusA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid infA encoding a translation initiation factor IF-1 (translation initiation factor IF-1) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 96% identity, and more preferably at least 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a translation initiation factor IF-1 (translation initiation factor IF-1) InfA having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 228 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

- a nucleic acid infB coding for a translation initiation factor IF-2 (translation initiation factor IF-2), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 84% identity and, more preferably, at least 90%, 92%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity are given having;

a translation initiation factor IF-2 (translation initiation factor IF-2) InfB, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 230 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid infC encoding a translation initiation factor IF-3, having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 73% identity and, more preferably, at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity are given ;

a translation initiation factor IF-3 (translation initiation factor IF-3) InfC having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 232 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a nucleic acid prfA coding for a peptide chain release factor 1, having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 86% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a peptide chain release factor 1 PrfA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 234 has at least 90% identity and, more preferably, at least 92.5%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid tsf coding for an elongation factor Ts (elongation factor Ts; EF-Ts), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 235 has at least 87% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

an elongation factor Ts (Elongation factor Ts; EF-Ts) Tsf having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 236 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid tufA coding for a protein translation elongation factor Tu (Protein Translation Elongation Factor Tu; EF-TU), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 237 nucleotide sequence has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a protein translation elongation factor Tu (Protein Translation Elongation Factor Tu; EF-TU) TufA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 238 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid spoVC encoding a peptidyl-tRNA-hydrolase (peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 239 has at least 81% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a peptidyl-tRNA-hydrolase (peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase) SpoVC having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 240 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a nucleic acid encoding a Class I heat shock protein (Class I heat shock protein; chaperonin) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 241 has at least 91% identity, and more preferably at least 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a class I heat shock protein (Class I heat-shock protein; chaperonin) GroEL having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 242 identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid groES encoding a Class I heat shock protein (Class I heat shock protein; chaperonin) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 243 has at least 91% identity, and more preferably at least 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a class I heat shock protein (Class I heat-shock protein; chaperonin) GroES having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 244 has at least 98% identity and more preferably at least 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid map encoding a methionine aminopeptidase (methionine aminopeptidase, E.C., 3.4.11.18) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 245 nucleotide sequence has at least 88% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a methionine aminopeptidase (methionine aminopeptidase, E.C., 3.4.11.18) map having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 246 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid ffh coding for a subunit FFH / SRP54 of a signal recognition particle (subunit FFH / SRP54) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 247 has at least 85% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a subunit FFH / SRP54 of a signal recognition particle (subunit FFH / SRP54) Ffh having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 248 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid ftsY coding for a signal recognition particle with a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 78% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity are given having;

a Signal Recognition Particle FtsY, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Having at least 82% identity, and more preferably at least 86%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated amino acid sequence;

a nucleic acid prsA coding for a precursor of a protein export protein precursor (E.C. 5.2.1.8) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 73% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a precursor of a protein export protein (E.C. 5.2.1.8) PrsA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 252 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a secE nucleic acid encoding a subunit of a preprotein translocase (subprotein) translocase having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a subunit of a preproprotein translocase (Preprotein translocase subunit) SecE having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 63% identity and more preferably at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% of the amino acid sequence indicated. Having identity;

a nucleic acid secY coding for a subunit of a preprotein translocase (preprotein translocase subunit), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 255 nucleotide sequence at least 81% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a subunit of a preprotein translocase (Preprotein translocase subunit) SecY, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 256 amino acid sequence has at least 89% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid accA coding for an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 80% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) AccA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 258 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid accB coding for a biotin carboxyl carrier protein of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (biotin carboxyl carrier protein of acetyl-CoA carboxylase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 76% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a biotin-carboxyl carrier protein of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (biotin carboxyl carrier protein of acetyl-CoA carboxylase) AccB having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 260 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid accC encoding a biotin carboxylase subunit of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit; biotin carboxylase subunit; E.C. 6.4.1.2) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 80% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a biotin carboxylase subunit of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit; biotin carboxylase subunit; EC 6.4.1.2) AccC having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 262 indicated amino acid sequence at least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid accD encoding a beta-subunit of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, beta subunit) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 74% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a beta subunit of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, beta subunit) AccD having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 264 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid acpA encoding an acyl carrier protein having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

an acyl carrier protein AcpA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 266 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid acpS coding for a holo-acyl carrier protein synthase (Hoioacyl carrier protein synthase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 32% identity and more preferably at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100 % Identity;

- a holo-acyl carrier protein synthase (holo-acyl carrier protein synthase) AcpS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 268 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid birA coding for a transcriptional repressor of the biotin operon (transcriptional repressor of the biotin operon), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 269 nucleotide sequence has at least 72% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a transcriptional repressor of the biotin operon (transcriptional repressor of the biotin operon) BirA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 270 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid fabD coding for a malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase (malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 78% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity are given having;

a malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase (malonyl CoA acyl carrier protein transacylase) FabD having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 272 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid fabF encoding a 3-oxoacyl (acyl carrier protein) synthase (3-oxoacyl (acyl-carrier protein) synthase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a 3-oxoacyl (acyl carrier protein) synthase (3-oxoacyl (acyl carrier protein) synthase) FabF having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 274 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid fabG encoding a beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having;

a beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase) FabG having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 276 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a nucleic acid cdsA encoding a phosphatidate cytidylyl transferase (phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.41) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 277 has at least 69% identity and more preferably at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a phosphatidate-cytidylyl transferase (phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase; E.C. 2.7.7.41) CdsA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 278 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid gpsA coding for an NAD (P) H-dependent glyceryl-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD (P) H-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 279 has at least 76% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

an NAD (P) H-dependent glyceryl-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD (P) H-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) GpsA, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 280 has at least 81% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid pgsA encoding a phosphatidyl-glycerophosphate synthase (phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 79% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a phosphatidyl-glycerophosphate synthase (phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase) PgsA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 88% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid yhdO coding for an i-acylglyceryl-3-phosphate (1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 79% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; an i-acylglyceryl-3-phosphate (i-acylglycerol-3-phosphate) YhdO having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 284 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid pIsX coding for a protein involved in fatty acid / phospholipid synthesis, having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a protein involved in fatty acid / phospholipid synthesis PIsX having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 286 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid gcaD encoding a UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 82.5%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and 287 nucleotide sequence most preferably 100% identity;

a UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase) GcaD having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 288 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a glmS nucleic acid encoding a glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate-amino-transferase (glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 84% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a glucosamine-fructose-e-phosphate-amino-transferase (glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase) GImS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 290 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity; a nucleic acid ybbT coding for a phospho-glucosamine mutase (phosphoglucosamine mutase; EC 5.4.2.10) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 82% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a phospho-glucosamine mutase (phosphoglucosamine mutase; E.C. 5.4.2.10) YbbT having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 292 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a yvyH nucleic acid encoding a putative UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (putative UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase; E.C. 5.1.3.14) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 79% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a putative UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (putative UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase; E.C. 5.1.3.14) YvyH having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 294 has at least 89% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid asd coding for an aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity having;

an aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) Asd having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 296 has at least 89% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a nucleic acid dapA encoding a dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dihydrodipicolinate synthase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity having; a dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dihydrodipicolinate synthase) DapA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 298 has at least 84% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity;

a dapB nucleic acid encoding a dihydrodipicolinate reductase (dihydrodipicolinate reductase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 80% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity;

a dihydrodipicolinate reductase (dihydrodipicolinate reductase) DapB having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 88% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity.

These genes and gene products can now be synthetically synthesized by methods known per se, and without having to reprocess the sequencing described in Example 2, using these sequences.

As a further alternative, it is possible to obtain the relevant genes from a Bacillus strain, in particular the B. licheniformis DSM 13 strain obtainable from the DSMZ, using the respective border sequences given in the sequence listing for the synthesis of primers , When using other strains, the respective homologous genes are obtained for this purpose, wherein the PCR should be the more successful, the closer the selected strains are related to B.licheniformis DSM 13, because thus an increasing Sequenz¬ consensus should also be accompanied within the primer binding regions.

Alternatively, the nucleic acids given in the sequence listing may also be used as DNA probes to detect the respective homologous genes in preparations of genomic DNA of other species. The procedure for this is also known per se; as well as the isolation of the genes thus obtained, their cloning, their expression and recovery of the associated proteins. In particular, it is intended to work such as those shown in Example 2 for B. licheniformis itself. Among the previously mentioned invention, with reference to SEQ ID NO. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, 256, 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282, 284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298 and 300 Gene products (which are usually proteins, to a large extent even proteins having an enzymatic function) are each preferably one which is naturally produced by a microorganism, preferably a bacterium, especially be preferably from a Gram-positive bacterium, among these preferably from one of the genus Bacillus, among these particularly preferably from one of the species β. licheniformis and most particularly preferred of B. licheniformis DSM13.

The same applies to the associated nucleic acids: Among the previously mentioned inventive nucleic acids, defined with reference to SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297 and 299, each coding for a gene product (which are usually proteins, to a large extent even proteins that have an enzymatic function) is in each case preferred one which is naturally contained in a microorganism, preferably Ise a bacterium, particularly preferably a Gram-positive bacterium, of which preferably one of the genus Bacillus, including particularly preferably one of the species ß. licheniformis and of these particularly preferred ß. licheniformis DSM13.

Because it is, as just described, compared to the new synthesis relatively easily possible, the gene products and / or nucleic acids from natural Species, in particular to obtain microorganisms. Of these, those which are capable of fermentation and which are actually used in large-scale fermentations are increasingly preferred with regard to the stated task. These include in particular representatives of the genera Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Bacillus. These include, for example, S. carnosus and C. glutamicum, as well as B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. agaradherens, B. lentus, B. globigii and β. alkalophilus. Most preferred is B. licheniformis DSM13, because from it the exact sequences listed in the Sequence Listing could be obtained.

In particular, in these fermentable and therefore a significant economic importance possessing organisms, the task was to improve the fermentation by such selection systems, which have the advantages presented above. On the other hand, if the associated nucleic acids are used for this purpose, the more closely the genes and / or gene products concerned are related to those specified in the sequence listing, the more successful. The higher the relationship, the sooner the gene products concerned should also possess the same biochemical properties as the abovementioned enzymes and protein factors, for example with regard to the temperature or pH optima. This is important if there is an interest in these same activities, for example for in vitro reactions (see below) for which these enzymes and factors are to be provided.

Among the mentioned nucleic acids coding for a gene product (protein or enzyme), in each case those which are described for one of the previously described, with reference to SEQ ID NO. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, 256, 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282, 284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298 and 300 and / or further secreted proteins of the invention defined above.

Because for these there is the reference to the essential gene product occupied with this application. In addition, according to another aspect of the present invention, the Proteins of the invention are also available for their positive use. In this respect, it is important to be able to produce these biotechnologically by methods known per se. The respective associated nucleic acids are used for this purpose.

Especially between distantly related species, there are differences in the use of synonymous codons coding for the particular amino acids on which the protein biosynthetic apparatus is also aligned, such as the available number of matching tRNAs loaded. The transfer of one of said genes into a less related species can then be used particularly successfully, for example for the deletion mutation or for the synthesis of the relevant protein, if it is optimized accordingly with regard to the codons. As a result, increasing differences can be introduced at the DNA level on a percentage basis, but these remain unaffected at the amino acid level. For this reason, such nucleic acids are also realizations of the present invention.

A further subject of the invention represent vectors which have one of the previously described, with reference to SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297 and 299 and / or further nucleic acids of the invention defined above.

Because in order to deal with the invention relevant nucleic acids, and thus in particular to prepare the production of proteins according to the invention, they are suitably ligated into vectors. Such vectors and the associated working methods are described in detail in the prior art. Vectors are commercially available in large numbers and with a wide variety of variations, both for cloning and for expression. These include, for example, vectors derived from bacterial plasmids, bacteriophages or viruses, or predominantly synthetic vectors. Further, they will be after the type of cell types in which they establish themselves For example, a distinction is made between vectors for Gram-negative, for Gram-positive bacteria, for yeast or for higher eukaryotes. They form suitable starting points for example for molecular biological and biochemical investigations and for the expression of the relevant gene or associated protein. In particular, for the production of constructs for the deletion or enhancement of expression, they are practically indispensable, as is apparent from the relevant prior art.

Of these, preference is given to those vectors which contain two or more of the previously described nucleic acids.

Because on the one hand, the relevant genes are storable simultaneously or can be expressed under the control of the same promoter. According to another application, a vector containing simultaneously two or more intact copies of the genes of the invention can serve to rescue a deletion mutant which is simultaneously deleted in several of these genes (rescue). Targeted removal of this vector will then result in the simultaneous shutdown of these multiple genes, resulting in lethality in the case of essential genes.

In one embodiment, vectors of the invention are cloning vectors.

Because cloning vectors are suitable in addition to the storage, the biological amplification or the selection of the gene of interest for its molecular biological characterization. At the same time, they are transportable and storable forms of the claimed nucleic acids and are also starting points for molecular biological techniques that are not bound to cells, such as PCR or in vitro mutagenesis methods.

Preferably, vectors according to the invention are expression vectors.

Because such expression vectors are the basis for realizing the corresponding nucleic acids in biological production systems and thus to produce the associated proteins, since they allow in vivo transcription and translation, that is, the synthesis of the relevant gene product. Preferred embodiments of this subject matter of the invention are expression vectors corresponding to the Expression carry necessary genetic elements, for example, the natural, originally located in front of this gene promoter or a promoter from another organism. These elements can be arranged for example in the form of a so-called expression cassette. Alternatively, individual or all regulatory elements can also be provided by the respective host cell. With particular preference, the expression vectors are matched to the selected expression system, in particular the host cell (see below), with regard to further properties, for example the optimal copy number.

The ability to form intact gene products by means of a vector representing a single replicon is of particular importance for the above-described rescue and shutdown of certain genes. Conversely, the provision of an expression vector is the best way to amplify a protein of the invention and thus to increase the respective activity or make it accessible to a quantitative production.

A separate subject of the invention form cells which, after .Gentechnischer modification one of the previously designated, with reference to SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297 and 299 and / or further nucleic acids of the invention defined above.

Because these cells contain the genetic information for the synthesis of a protein according to the invention. By these are meant in particular those cells which have been provided according to methods known per se with the nucleic acids according to the invention, or which are derived from such cells. For this purpose, suitable suitable host cells are those which can be cultivated relatively easily and / or yield high product yields. They allow, for example, the amplification of the corresponding genes, but also their mutagenesis or transcription and translation and ultimately the biotechnological production of the proteins in question. This genetic information can either be extrachromosomally as a separate genetic element, ie be present in bacteria in plasmidaler localization or integrated into a chromosome. The choice of a suitable system depends on issues such as the nature and duration of storage of the gene, or the organism or the type of mutagenesis or selection. Such implementation possibilities are known per se to the molecular biologist.

This also explains the preferred embodiment according to which, in such a cell, said nucleic acid is part of a vector, in particular a vector according to the invention described above.

Because that is the advantages described above in the handling, storage, expression, etc. of the nucleic acid in question.

Preferred among these cells is in each case a host cell which is a bacterium.

Because bacteria are characterized by short generation times and low demands on the cultivation conditions. As a result, inexpensive methods can be established. In addition, bacteria have a wealth of experience in fermentation technology. For a specific production gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria may be suitable for a variety of reasons to be determined experimentally in individual cases, such as nutrient sources, product formation rate, time requirement, etc.

In a preferred embodiment, it is a gram-negative bacterium, in particular one of the genera Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas or Xanthomonas, in particular strains of E. coli K12, E. coli B or Klebsiella planticola, and more particularly derivatives of the strains Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), E. coli RV308, E. coli DH5α, E. coli JM109, E. coli XI ^ or Klebsiella planticola (Rf). For Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli, a variety of proteins are secreted into the periplasmic space. This can be advantageous for special applications. The application WO 01/81597 A1 discloses a method according to which it is achieved that gram-negative bacteria also eject the expressed proteins. The Gram-negative bacteria which are mentioned as preferred are generally light, that is to say commercially or accessible via public strain collections and, in conjunction with other components which are likewise available in large numbers, such as vectors, can be optimized for specific production conditions.

In an alternative, no less preferred embodiment, it is a Gram-positive bacterium, in particular one of the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus or Corynebacterium, more particularly of the species Bacillus lentus, B. licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B.subtilis, B. globigii or B. alcalophilus, Staphylococcus carnosus or Corynebacterium glutamicum, and among these most preferably a derivative of B.licheniformis DSM 13.

Because Gram-positive bacteria have the Gram-negative compared to the fundamental difference to release secreted proteins immediately into the nutrient medium surrounding the cells, from which, if desired, can directly purify the expressed proteins of the invention. In addition, they are related or identical to most of the organisms of origin for technically important enzymes and usually form even comparable enzymes, so they have a similar codon Usage and their protein synthesizer is naturally aligned accordingly. Very particular preference is given to derivatives of B. licheniformis DSM 13 because they are also widely used in the art as biotechnological production strains and because, on the other hand, with the provisional applications exactly the genes and proteins according to the invention from B.licheniformis DSM 13 are available so that the realization of the present invention should be most successful in such strains.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides methods of making one or more of those described above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, 256, 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282, 284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298 and 300 defined and / or further above defined gene products of the invention (proteins or enzymes).

This includes any method for producing such a protein, for example, chemical synthesis methods. In contrast, however, all the molecular biology, microbiological, or biotechnological production methods already established in the prior art and already mentioned above in individual aspects are preferred. Their goal is primarily to obtain the proteins according to the invention in order to provide them with corresponding applications.

As evidence for the formation of a protein in question in a strain used for the production, as far as enzymes are concerned, an enzymatic detection of the enzyme activities concerned by suitable detection reactions. This is done, for example, so that the relevant for the reaction in question starting compound presented, incubated with a sample of the supernatant (containing the secreted enzymes) or a cell extract (if they are not secreted) and the product formed is detected by any appropriate measurement methods.

As evidence at the molecular biological level, the proteins shown in the present sequence listing can be synthesized by conventional methods and antibody can be generated against this; this also applies to proteins that are not recognizable by a specific enzymatic reaction. These proteins are then detectable, for example via corresponding Western blots.

These are preferably methods which are determined using a nucleic acid corresponding in each case above and referring to SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297 and 299 defined and / or other nucleic acids according to the invention defined above be carried out, preferably using a previously designated vector of the invention and more preferably using a previously designated inventive cell.

Because of the mentioned nucleic acids, in particular the specific nucleic acids specified in the sequence protocol, the correspondingly preferred genetic information is provided in microbiologically utilizable form, that is to say for genetic engineering production methods. Increasingly preferred is the provision of a particularly successfully utilizable by the host cell vector or of such cells themselves. The relevant production methods are known in the art per se.

Embodiments of the present invention, based on the associated nucleic acid sequences, may also be cell-free expression systems in which protein biosynthesis is understood in vitro. All of the elements already described above can also be combined to form new methods for producing proteins according to the invention. It is conceivable for each protein according to the invention a variety of possible combinations of process steps, so that optimal procedures must be determined experimentally for each specific case.

Also preferred are those such methods in which the nucleotide sequence has been adapted in one, preferably more and more preferably all codons to the codon Usage of the host strain.

Because according to the above, the transfer of one of the genes mentioned in a less related species can be used particularly successfully for the synthesis of the protein in question, if it is optimized accordingly with respect to the use of the codons.

A further subject of the invention is the use of an above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, 256, 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282, 284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298 and 300 defined and / or further above-defined gene product according to the invention (protein or enzyme) according to its respective biochemical properties.

Because with the present invention not only the nucleic acids in question are provided for inactivating the genes in question, but also allows their positive use. The respective biochemical functions perceived by these proteins, in particular enzyme proteins, are given in the corresponding lines of the sequence listing and have already been mentioned above. A further indication of the respective fields of application is provided by the defined functions of the proteins assigned in each case in Table 1 from the prior art.

An example of such uses is the overexpression of factors of protein biosynthesis in cells used as expression systems. Thus, it is expected that the protein biosynthetic performance of these cells can be increased by overexpressing one or, preferably, several ribosomal proteins; those are above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 and 134 (large subunit) or with reference to SEQ ID NO. 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172 and 174 (small subunit). Furthermore, an essentially equivalent, preferably combinable effect should result from the overexpression of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, as described above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218 or 220, and / or translation factors as described above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236 or 238 are defined. In each case, those having such DNA and amino acid sequences are preferred which come closest to the gene or gene products endogenously present in the selected expression system in accordance with the above. Accordingly, such expression systems can also be improved in terms of RNA synthesis, which should have a positive effect on the total concentration of the mRNA coding for the gene product of interest and should thus improve the protein synthesis rate. For example, overexpression of one or more of the following factors is contemplated: alpha chain of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (SEQ ID NO: 48), beta chain of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (SEQ ID NO: 50), beta DNA-dependent RNA polymerase chain (SEQ ID NO: 52), Greater RNA polymerase sigma factor 43 (SEQ ID NO: 54) and / or the polyA polymerase (SEQ ID NO: 56).

If chemical synthesis processes can be taken over by biological catalysts by using suitable enzymes, at least in one reaction step, this results in a considerable simplification for the most part. This applies, for example, to stereochemical reactions. One speaks then of biotransformation. Accordingly, all such synthetic methods in which proteins according to the invention, preferably enzymes according to the invention can be used, constitute embodiments of the present invention.

A preferred such use is one which is an in vitro approach.

To this end, the following examples are given, but this compilation can not be exhaustive:

Molecular biological treatments of DNA preparations using a DNA helicase, defined above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 6, a DNA ligase, defined above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 22, a DNA single-strand binding protein, defined above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 30, or a DNA topoisomerase, defined above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 44;

In addition, amino acid translation systems enriched for aminoacyl tRNA synthetases as described above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218 or 220; - / n-translation systems further enriched for translation factors as described above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236 or 238 are defined;

- combined / n-v / -ro transcription translation systems which are additionally enriched by the above-mentioned ribosomal proteins and / or factors involved in RNA synthesis,

Regulatory or indicator systems in which genes of interest are driven by a biotin promoter responsive to a repressor, as described above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 270 is defined.

Another embodiment of the present invention is the use of a reference to SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297 and 299 and / or another nucleic acid according to the invention or parts thereof described above for the functional inactivation of the respectively associated gene in a microorganism.

For the purposes of the present application, functional inactivation means any type of modification or mutation which prevents the function of the relevant protein from being inhibited. This includes the embodiment that a virtually complete but inactive protein is formed, that inactive parts of such a protein are present in the cell, to the possibilities that the associated gene is no longer translated or even completely deleted. Thus, a particular "use" of these factors or genes of this embodiment resides in the fact that they no longer naturally function in the cell in question.This is achieved according to this subject matter at the genetic level by shutting off the gene in question , This procedure requires a special safety precaution, because in all cases and according to the invention it is an essential gene whose absence is directly lethal for the cell in question. Therefore, in this approach, to ensure viability of the cell, in the context of functional inactivation, that is, before or at the latest in the same step leading to inactivation, an intact copy of the same gene must be introduced into the cell in question, preferably one own genetic element, that is a plasmid.

This results in the situation that the naturally occurring, mostly chromosomal copy of the gene in question is indeed inactivated, so that no functional gene product can be derived from it in vivo any longer; at the same time, this defect is cured via the previously or simultaneously provided intact copy. The cell can now survive only because it contains the relevant genetic element with the intact copy. The same applies to all cells derived therefrom, in particular the clone resulting therefrom, as long as they receive at least one intact copy of the relevant curing genetic element in the cell division.

This is the principle according to which the essential genes according to the invention can be used as selection markers: in each case intact copies thereof, preferably provided on a plasmid, ensure survival for the cells in which the chromosomal copy has been inactivated. Derived clones will therefore have the relevant vector as long as the defect is not cured. On the same genetic elements (vectors, plasmids) as the curing gene genes of interest in the cells in question can be introduced and maintained there permanently. This will be further illustrated below.

The essential systemic advantage of this selection method against selection via resistance genes to toxins, that is to say antibiotics, is that it is not necessary to permanently add a corresponding substance during the cultivation and that reversion to the wild type is less frequent. This is associated with the other, initially described advantages. The essential systemic advantage of this selection method over a selection by auxotrophy is that it is not necessary to dispense with complex, that is low-priced, high-availability nutrient media during cultivation, because the respective deficiency can not be compensated by the intake of a simple nutrient. This is particularly clear when one realizes that, for example, with the (even-numbered) SEQ ID NO. 74 to 174 (and the respective homologous gene products) ribosomal proteins are referred to, without which in no case functional ribosomes can be assembled, which perform the protein biosynthesis.

In a preferred embodiment thereof, the functional inactivation results in that the protein in question is not synthesized in full length, preferably not at all.

So it is sufficient in many cases, not to delete the entire gene, but only cut out parts or by mutating single coding codons in stop codons to mutate the gene so far that only fragments of the derived gene product are formed, the little or no are active.

In contrast, however, complete nonsynthesis of the gene product is preferred. Because this leads on the one hand to a discharge of the protein synthesis apparatus and prevents the accumulation of fragments of the factors in the cell interior. Thus, correspondingly larger proportions of the protein biosynthesis apparatus are available for the proteins actually of interest. Above all, a return to the wild type, a so-called reversion is no longer possible if the gene is largely removed. On the other hand, if the inactivation is based solely on a point mutation, then a simple reverse mutation can cancel out the effect according to the invention.

Various embodiments of this subject will be discussed below. It should be noted, inter alia, that the methods available for inactivation at the genetic level in the prior art can give different results. Thus, with antisense constructs (see below), a very extensive but not 100% inactivation can generally be achieved. For this purpose, a deletion of the gene in question is preferred.

In preferred embodiments, these uses are those in which the functional inactivation occurs during the fermentation of the microorganism. Because of the task, the fermentation of the microorganisms used for biotechnological production should be improved.

In a preferred embodiment thereof, the activities or protein contents clearly attributable to the relevant, inactivated enzymes or proteins are reduced to less than 50%, preferably to less than 20%, very particularly preferably to less than 5% of the activity or concentration values occurring without the inactivation reduced.

This grading with regard to the degree of inactivation takes into account the different effectiveness of the various methods available for inactivation. To determine these values, cells of a non-treated strain and a treated strain are fermented under otherwise identical conditions, and suitably, during fermentation, the enzyme activities concerned are determined suitably from cell extracts. Since the strains are otherwise identical, the differences in activity are attributable to the inactivations according to the invention. In this case, according to the invention, any corresponding reduction in activity is desired. Percentage comparable values are obtained by taking samples from both fermentations and determining the activities in question by methods known per se. It is increasingly preferred for the respective value determinable in the sample according to the invention to be less than 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 7.5, 5% and especially less than 1% when moving to the stationary growth phase. of the corresponding value of the reference bond. For proteins which are not accessible to enzymatic detection, an antibody-based detection reaction can be carried out analogously, as has already been described in principle above.

In a preferred embodiment of such uses according to the invention for inactivation, 2, 3 or more of said genes are functionally inactivated.

On the one hand, this serves to actually produce a lethal genotype. For some approaches, such as RNA interference, one can not always assume a 100% success. In particular, however, this serves to establish several plasmids in the same cell simultaneously according to the principle described above. This is especially dissuaded when several transgenes are to be introduced next to each other, the DNA segments of interest do not have space next to each other on the same plasmid or should come into effect separately from each other. The selection pressure, in turn, is that each plasmid will cure one of the said genetic defects.

In one embodiment of these functional inactivation uses are such uses, wherein for the inactivation each one used for a non-active protein nucleic acid with a point mutation.

Such nucleic acids can be generated by per se known methods for point mutagenesis. Such are, for example, in relevant handbooks such as those by Fritsch, Sambrook and Maniatis, "Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual", CoId Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 1989. In addition, there are now numerous commercial kits available, such as the QuickChange . ^® kit from Stratagene, La JoIIa, USA Its principle is that, oligonucleotides are synthesized with each exchange (mismatch primer) and hybridized with the gene in single;. subsequent DNA polymerisation then results corresponding point mutants For this purpose, the respective Owing to the high homologies, it is possible and particularly advantageous according to the invention to carry out this reaction on the basis of the nucleic acid sequences provided with the sequence listing for the present application These sequences can also serve to generate corresponding mismatch P Rimer for related species, as they can be derived by methods known per se on the basis of alignments of the relevant sequences.

According to an alternative embodiment of this use, a nucleic acid with a deletion or insertion mutation is used in each case for the functional inactivation, preferably comprising the border sequences of the region coding for the protein comprising at least 70 to 150 nucleic acid positions.

These methods are also familiar to the person skilled in the art. Thus, it is possible to prevent the formation of one or more of the gene products specified in the Sequence Listing by the host cell by having a part of the gene in question on a corresponding transformation vector is cut out via restriction endonucleases and the vector is subsequently transformed into the host of interest, where the active gene is exchanged for the inactive copy via the hitherto possible homologous recombination. In the embodiment of the insertion mutation, only the intact gene can be interrupted or, instead of a gene part, another gene, for example a selection marker, can be inserted. By way of this the mutation event can be tested phenotypically in a manner known per se.

In order to enable these respectively necessary recombination events between the defective gene introduced into the cell and the intact gene copy endogenously present on the chromosome, according to the current state of knowledge, a match is in each case at least 70 to 150 contiguous nucleic acid positions, in each case in the two border sequences to the non-coincident one Part necessary, where it does not depend on the intermediate part. Accordingly, those embodiments are preferred which comprise only two flanking regions of at least these sizes.

According to an alternative embodiment of this use, nucleic acids having a total of two nucleic acid sections are used, which each comprise at least 70 to 150 nucleic acid positions and thus at least partially, preferably completely, flank the region coding for the protein. The flanking regions can be determined starting from the known sequences by methods known per se, for example by means of outwardly directed PCR primers and a preparation of genomic DNA as a template (anchored PCR). Because only to allow the exchange of the two gene copies via homologous recombination, it does not necessarily need to be protein coding sections. According to the present invention, the primers required for this purpose can be designed on the basis of the nucleotide sequences given in the sequence listing also for other species of Gram-positive bacteria and hereof in particular for those of the genus Bacillus. As an alternative to this experimental approach, such at least partially non-coding regions for many of these genes can be obtained from related species, for example from B. subtilis database entries, for example the Subtilist database of the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France (http: //genolist.pasteur. fr / Subtilist / genome.cgi). According to a further alternative embodiment of this use, in each case a nucleic acid which is identical or interferes with the 5'-terminal sequence, in particular the signal sequence of the associated gene or parts thereof, is used for the functional inactivation.

This is to be understood as meaning the use of molecular-biological constructs by means of which antisense RNAs are formed in the cells in question, transformed therewith, to the 5'-terminal, in particular for the signal peptide, coding sections of the respective mRNA. This results in a hybridization between the mRNA formed in vivo for the protein to be inactivated and the artificially generated homologous single-stranded RNA. This prevents efficient translation, that is, formation of the protein in question and degrades the RNA in question via intracellular mechanisms. This form of inactivation usually does not provide complete inactivation, leaving some residual activity.

One embodiment of the functional inactivation uses described heretofore are those uses where, for curing the defect, a nucleic acid coding for an active protein is introduced on a vector into the host cell, preferably on a vector posing as a stable genetic element , particularly preferably as a plasmid in the cell established.

This results in the already described selection system, according to which the curing effect of a vector is exploited in that this vector simultaneously contains a gene of interest. In this way, a clone is generated in which each cell contains this gene of interest as a so-called transgene. This is particularly easy if the vector in question contains all the genetic features necessary for replication in the host cell in question. This means that it is established as a plasmid in all progeny cells.

In one embodiment, this is such a use, wherein the nucleic acid responsible for said curing contains, in addition to the protein-only coding portion, the naturally-linked promoter or a promoter-sufficient portion thereof. Activation of a gene means that it produces enough protein under the appropriate conditions. Thus, most of the genes described above have so-called constitutive promoters, that is, those which are virtually permanently active. An optimal curing of the gene defect induced according to the invention should be equivalent in particular to the naturally prevailing situation if the gene in question is regulated in much the same way as in natural, chromosomal localization.

A further embodiment of the invention intended for this purpose is such a use, wherein on the same genetic element as that for the said curing of the defect a genetic information to be selected lies, preferably under the control of the same promoter.

This aspect has already been described in detail above: a genetic information of particular interest to be selected is stably established in a cell line by being introduced on such a curing vector into a cell having the otherwise lethal gene defect, which is only cured by the presence of this vector.

In the particular embodiment, that both genetic elements are under the control of the same promoter, the effect is exploited that it is in particular in such constitutive promoters to virtually permanently active and often strong promoters. Another advantage may be that no additional promoter needs to be provided for the transgene; As a result, the construction of the relevant vector is comparatively simple.

Preferred embodiments of the uses described herein are such uses, wherein the genetic information to be selected is that for a protein, for an enzyme and / or for information for the synthesis of a low molecular weight compound.

As already mentioned, according to the invention, the technical fermentation should be improved. These are used to the greatest extent the production of such compounds, which, for example, medicine, food technology or others Beneficial to those who are interested in powerful enzymes such as detergent production (see below).

The present invention is also realized in the form of genetically modified microorganisms, to which the above applies accordingly.

In general, the microorganisms in which the chromosomal copy is at least one of the above with reference to SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297 and 299 and / or another nucleic acid according to the invention described above is functionally inactivated.

Of these, preferred are those in which 2, 3 or more of said genes are functionally inactivated, preferably in each case via an inventive use described above for inactivation by a nucleic acid according to the invention.

According to the above, strains can be obtained in this way in which several otherwise lethal gene defects are cured via several simultaneously existing plasmids. Each of these plasmids can carry transgenes of experimental or technical interest.

Microorganisms according to the invention are preferably those in which a nucleic acid coding for an active protein has been introduced into the host cell on a vector for curing the defect, preferably on a vector which is a stable genetic element, particularly preferably a plasmid in the cell has established. For this results in the described effect, according to which the genetic information necessary for curing remains stable over generations in the relevant cell lines.

Furthermore, microorganisms according to the invention are preferably those in which the nucleic acid responsible for said curing contains, in addition to the protein-coding portion, the naturally associated promoter or a promoter portion thereof.

Because this results in the described effect, according to which the nucleic acid responsible for curing leads as optimally as possible to the formation of a corresponding gene product.

Further preferably, microorganisms according to the invention are those in which a genetic information to be selected is located on the same genetic element as that for said curing of the defect, preferably under the control of the same promoter.

Because this results in the advantages described above.

Furthermore, microorganisms according to the invention are preferably those where the genetic information to be selected is that for a protein, for an enzyme and / or for the synthesis of a low molecular weight compound.

This results, as explained above, from the technical significance of the relevant gene products.

Microorganisms according to the invention are preferably those which are bacteria.

Among them, according to the above statements, those microorganisms are preferred which are gram-negative bacteria, in particular those of the genera Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas or Xanthomonas, in particular strains of E. coli K12, E. coli B or Klebsiella planticola, and all especially derivatives of strains Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), E. coli RV308, E. coli DH5α, E. coli JM109, E. coli XL-1 or Klebsiella planticola (Rf).

According to the above statements, those microorganisms which are Gram-positive bacteria are no less preferred, in particular those of the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus or Corynebacterium, more particularly of the species Bacillus lentus, B. licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, B Globigii or B. alcalophilus, Staphylococcus carnosus or Corynebacterium glutamicum, and most particularly B. licheniformis DSM 13.

According to the object underlying the present application, technical fermentation processes should be improved in the first place. Accordingly, the invention is realized in particular in corresponding fermentation process according to the invention.

These are generally processes for the fermentation of a previously described microorganism according to the invention.

The processes characterized by such microorganisms are preferred to the previous embodiments accordingly.

Among the fermentation processes according to the invention, preference is given to those for the preparation of a valuable substance, in particular for the preparation of a low molecular weight compound or of a protein.

Because this is, as already said, the most important field of application for large-scale fermentations.

In one embodiment, the method is wherein the low molecular weight compound is a natural product, a nutritional supplement, or a pharmaceutically-relevant compound.

In this way, for example, amino acids, vitamins or oligopeptides are produced which find particular use as food supplements. Pharmaceutically relevant compounds may be precursors or intermediates Medications or even act on these themselves. In all these cases one also speaks of biotransformation, according to which the metabolic properties of the microorganisms are exploited in order to replace the otherwise complex chemical synthesis completely or at least in individual steps.

In a further embodiment, the corresponding method is where the protein thus formed is a peptide hormone.

For example, pharmaceutically important peptide hormones such as interleukins or insulin are obtained on a large scale by fermentations, often by eukaryotic host cells. The conversion according to the invention of these production processes to an antibiotic-free selection, as described above, constitutes an environmentally advantageous and cost-effective embodiment.

No less preferred are corresponding processes in which the protein formed in this way is an enzyme, in particular one from the group of α-amylases, proteases, cellulases, lipases, oxidoreductases, peroxidases, laccases, oxidases and hemicellulases.

Industrial enzymes produced by such processes find use, for example, in the food industry. For example, α-amylases are used to prevent the staling of bread or to clarify fruit juices. Proteases are used to digest proteins. All of these enzymes are described for use in detergents and cleaning agents, in particular the subtilisin proteases already produced naturally by Gram-positive bacteria occupy a prominent place. Especially in the textile and leather industries, they serve the processing of natural resources. Furthermore, all these enzymes can be used in turn in the sense of biotransformation as catalysts for chemical reactions.

Many of these technically relevant enzymes are originally derived from Bacillus species and are therefore particularly successfully produced in Gram-positive organisms, especially those of the genus Bacillus, which in many cases also derivatives of ß. licheniformis DSM13. In particular, production processes based on these microbial systems can be improved by the present invention because, in particular, the sequences given in the Sequence Listing originate from precisely this organism.

Another embodiment of the present invention is the use of a reference to SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297 and 299 and / or another nucleic acid according to the invention or parts thereof described above for identifying the associated in vivo immediately preceding promoter.

One of the interests of these promoters in realizing the present invention is inter alia. For, as described above, it may be particularly advantageous for the inventive curing of a gene defect induced according to the invention to place the nucleic acid used under the control of the promoter, which naturally controls this gene. The promoters associated with the nucleic acids according to the invention, in particular those from the sequence listing, are not given in the sequence listing, but can easily be obtained by methods known per se, in particular by making use of the protein-coding sequences disclosed therein. These sequences can be used to obtain the associated promoters, in particular from B. licheniformis DSM12 and, in principle, all species related thereto, the prospects of success, as described above for the protein-coding regions, being the higher, the closer the organisms in question are to B.licheniformis.

In addition, the promoters obtained thereby are also available for the preparation of further constructs, in particular of expression vectors. These include, in particular, those with which gene products according to the invention can be prepared in large quantities as described above, for example, in order to allow them to be used in vitro. In one embodiment of this subject matter, said nucleic acid is hybridized with a preparation of genomic DNA.

This genomic DNA is derived, for example, from the host to which the above-described inactivation according to the invention is to be carried out. It is prepared in a manner known per se and investigated in a Southem hybridization experiment with the nucleic acid according to the invention used as a probe. From the fragment thus identified, the 5'-located portion can be isolated by also known methods, advantageously in the context of the associated gene, so that the promoter gene fragment thus obtained can be introduced into a corresponding caging vector.

An alternative use for this purpose is to form primers based on said nucleic acid, via which flanking DNA sections from a preparation of a genomic DNA are identified.

This is done analogously to the method described above for the protein-coding regions, according to which a PCR is carried out starting from the known regions into the unknown region. Hereby, as just described, promoter-containing regions are obtained which can advantageously be introduced into the curative vector together with the relevant gene and control this.

The following examples further illustrate the present invention.

Examples

All molecular biology procedures are followed by standard methods such as those described in the Handbook of Fritsch, Sambrook and Maniatis "Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual", CoId Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 1989, or similar works of art Enzymes, Kits (Kits ) and devices are used according to the specifications of the respective manufacturer.

example 1

Cultivation of Bacillus licheniformis

B. licheniformis cells are available under the number DSM 13 from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ) ₁ Mascheroder Weg 1 b, 38124 Braunschweig (http://www.dsmz.de).

S. licheniformis is dissolved in a 500 ml shake flask in 100 ml Horikoshi medium pH 9 (0.1% K ₂ HPO ₄ , 0.5% yeast extract, 1% peptone, 0.02% MgSO ₄ , 0.3% Na ₂ CO ₃ ) for 72 h at 37 ° C and 200 rpm cultivated. The cells are separated from the supernatant by centrifugation. The supernatant contains the secreted proteins.

Example 2

Identification of the genes according to the invention from S. licheniformis DSM 13

From the DSMZ strain B. licheniformis DSM 13 obtainable, the genomic DNA was prepared by standard methods, mechanically fractionated and separated by electrophoresis in a 0.8% agarose gel. For a shotgun cloning of the smaller fragments, the 2 to 2.5 kb fragments were eluted from the agarose gel, dephosphorylated and ligated as blunt ended fragments into the Smal restriction site of the vector pTZ19R-Cm. This is a chloramphenicol-resistance-conferring derivative of the commercially available from the company Fermentas (St. Leon-Red) plasmid pTZ19R. This gave a library of the smaller fragments. As a second shotgun cloning, the genomic fragments obtained by partial restriction with the enzyme Sau 3A1 were ligated into the Supercos-1 vector system ("cosmid vector kit") of the company Stratagene, La JoIIa, USA, whereby a gene bank of the predominantly larger fragments was obtained. The bacteria E. coli DH5α (D. Hannahan (1983): "Studies on Transformation on Escherichia coli", J. Mol. Microbiol., Vol. 166, pp. 557-580) which were obtainable by transformation with the relevant gene banks, were used for the respective recombinant plasmids isolated and sequenced. Here, the dye terminator chemistry was used, performed by the automatic sequencers Mega-BACE 1000/4000 (Amersham Bioscence, Piscataway, USA) and ABI Prism 377 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA).

In this way, among others, the sequences indicated in the sequence listing of the present application SEQ ID NO. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297 and 299 , The deduced amino acid sequences are given in the same order in each case one higher SEQ IDs.

It was found that in the following sequences: SEQ ID NO, 23 (pcrA), SEQ ID NO. 25 (polC), SEQ ID NO. 39 (parE), SEQ ID NO. 49 (rpoB), SEQ ID NO. 51 (rpoC), SEQ ID NO. 57 (cspR), SEQ ID NO. 137 (rpsC), SEQ ID NO. 149 {φsl), SEQ ID NO. 159 (rpsN), SEQ ID NO. 171 (rpsT), SEQ ID NO. 179 (asnS), SEQ ID NO. 181 (aspS), SEQ ID NO. 183 (cysS), SEQ ID NO. 187 (g / yQ), SEQ ID NO. 195 (leuS), SEQ ID NO. 223 (fr /), SEQ ID NO. 243 {groES), SEQ ID NO. 255 (secY), SEQ ID NO. 257 (accA), SEQ ID NO. 263 {accD) and SEQ ID NO. 295 (asd) the start codon is not ATG, but deviates from it. The sequence listing contains the following comment: "First codon translated as Met." Example 3 Sequence Homologies

After determination of the DNA and amino acid sequences according to Example 2, GenBank (National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) was searched by the databases. and subtilist of the Institute Pasteur, Paris, France

(http://genolist.pasteur.fr/SubtiList/genome.cgi) the next similar, previously known homologues determined.

The DNA or amino acid sequences determined were compared with each other to determine homology via alignments; this computer program Vector NTI ^® Suite Version 7 was used which, Bethesda, USA, is available from Informax Inc.. The standard parameters of this program were used, that is, for the comparison of the DNA sequences: K-tuple size: 2; Number of best diagonal: 4; Window size: 4; Gap penalty: 5; Gap opening penalty: 15 and Gap extension penalty: 6.66. The following standard parameters were used for the comparison of the amino acid sequences: K-tuple size: 1; Number of best Diagonals: 5; Window size: 5; Gap penalty: 3; Gap opening penalty: 10 and gap extension penalty: 0.1.

The next similar genes and proteins were those from B. subtilis. The results of these sequence comparisons are summarized in Table 1 below. Of the next similar genes or proteins of S. subtilis were due to the high similarities of the same functions can be assumed, the respective gene names and protein names adopted.

Table 1: Near-like genes or proteins to the genes and proteins identified in Example 2.

78

78

79

79

In each case, these are genes or factors which can be assigned unique functions by virtue of their high similarities to known genes and factors from B. subtilis. These are, as the respective names indicate, central, vital functions of each cell.

Claims

claims 1. Nucleic acid dnaA, which codes for an initiator protein of the chromosomal replication, with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 1 nucleotide sequence having at least 85% identity and increasingly preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 2. Initiator protein of the chromosomal replication DnaA with an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 2 has at least 95% identity and more preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 3. Nucleic acid dnaB, which codes for a membrane attachment protein of the chromosomal replication initiation, with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 3 nucleotide sequence has at least 74% identity and increasingly preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 4. Membrane attachment protein of the chromosomal replication initiation DnaB having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 4 at least 70% identity and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 5. nucleic acid dnaC, encoding a replicative DNA helicase, having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the in SEQ ID NO. 5 nucleotide sequence has at least 87% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 6. Replicative DNA helicase DnaC having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 6 amino acid sequence has at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 7. Nucleic acid dnaD, coding for a DNA replication protein, having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having. 8. DNA replication protein DnaD, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 8 has at least 75% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 9. Nucleic acid dnaE, coding for an alpha subunit of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III alpha subunit, E.C. 2.7.7.7), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 9 nucleotide sequence has at least 74% identity and increasingly preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 10. Alpha subunit of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase IM alpha subunit, E.C. 2.7.7.7) DnaE having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 74% identity and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 11. Nucleic acid dnaG coding for a DNA primase (DNA primase, E.C. 2.7.7.-), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 11 nucleotide sequence has at least 76% identity and increasingly preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 12. DNA primase (DNA primase, EC 2.7.7.-) DnaG having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 12 has at least 79% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 13. Nucleic acid dnal, coding for a primosome protein (primosomal protein), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to the in SEQ ID NO. 13 nucleotide sequence has at least 74% identity and increasingly preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 14. primosome protein (primosomal protein) Dnal having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 14, at least 74% identity and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 15. Nucleic acid dnaN, which codes for a beta chain of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase IM beta chain, E.C. 2.7.7.7), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 15 nucleotide sequence has at least 82% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 16. Beta chain of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III beta chain, E.C., 2.7.7.7) DnaN, having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 16 amino acid sequence has at least 89% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.2%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 17. Nucleic acid dnaX, which codes for a chain III of a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase III (DNA-directed DNA polymerase III chain, E.C. 2.7.7.7), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 17 nucleotide sequence has at least 80% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 18. Chain in a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase IM (DNA-directed DNA polymerase IM chain; EC 2.7.7.7) DnaX having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 18 has at least 85% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.2%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 19. Nucleic acid holB, coding for a delta subunit of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III, delta 'subunit; EC2.7.7.7), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 19 nucleotide sequence has at least 84% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 20. Delta subunit of a DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III, delta 'subunit, E.C.2.7.7.7) HoIB having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 20 at least 85% identity and increasingly preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 21. Nucleic acid HgA coding for a DNA ligase (DNA ligase, E.C., 6.5.1.2), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 21 nucleotide sequence has at least 81% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 22. DNA ligase (DNA ligase, E.C.C.5.1.2) LJgA having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 22 has at least 85% identity and, more preferably, at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 23. Nucleic acid pcrA, coding for an ATP-dependent DNA helicase (ATP-dependent DNA helicase, E.C. 3.6.1.-), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 23 nucleotide sequence has at least 82% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 24. ATP-dependent DNA helicase (ATP-dependent DNA helicase; EC 3.6.1.-) PcrA, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 24 has at least 87% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 25. Nucleic acid polC (polym), coding for a PolC-type DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III, po / C-type), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 25 nucleotide sequence has at least 82% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 26. PolC-type DNA polymerase III (DNA polymerase III, po / C-type) PoIC having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 26 has at least 89% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 27. Nucleic acid priA, which codes for a primosomal replication factor Y (primosomal protein N '), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 27 nucleotide sequence has at least 76% identity and increasingly preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 28. Primosomal replication factor Y (primosomal protein N ¹ ) PhA having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 79% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 82.5%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having. 29. Nucleic acid ssb, which codes for a DNA single stranded binding protein (single stranded DNA binding protein), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 29 nucleotide sequence has at least 85% identity and increasingly preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 30. Single stranded DNA binding protein Ssb having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 90% identity and more preferably at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 31. Nucleic acid gyrA, which codes for a subunit A of a DNA gyrase (DNA gyrase subunit A, EC 5.99.1.3), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 31 has at least 82% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 32. Subunit A of a DNA gyrase (DNA gyrase subunit A, E.C. 5.99.1.3) GyrA, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 32 has at least 89% identity and, more preferably, at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 33. Nucleic acid gyrB, which codes for a subunit B of a DNA gyrase (DNA gyrase subunit B, E.C. 5.99.1.3), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 33 nucleotide sequence has at least 82% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 34. Subunit B of a DNA gyrase (DNA gyrase subunit B, E.C. 5.99.1.3) GyrB having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 89% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 35. Nucleic acid hbs, coding for a DNA binding protein HU (DNA-binding protein HU), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 35 nucleotide sequence has at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 36. DNA binding protein HU (DNA-binding protein HU) Hbs having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 97% identity and, more preferably, at least 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity. 37. Nucleic acid parC, which codes for a subunit A of a topoisomerase IV (topoisomerase IV, subunit A, EC 5.99.1.-), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 37 nucleotide sequence has at least 79% identity and increasingly preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 38. Subunit A of a topoisomerase IV (topoisomerase IV, subunit A; E.C. 5.99.1.-) ParC having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 39. Nucleic acid parE, which codes for a subunit B of a topoisomerase IV (topoisomerase IV, subunit B, E.C. 5.99.1.-), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 39 nucleotide sequence has at least 84% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 40. Subunit B of a topoisomerase IV (topoisomerase IV, subunit B, E.C. 5.99.1.-) ParE, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 40 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 41. Nucleic acid smc, which codes for a factor for chromosome condensation and segregation (chromosome condensation and segregation), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 76% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having. 42. Chromosome condensation and segregation factor Smc having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 42 indicated amino acid sequence at least 81% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 43. Nucleic acid topA, which codes for a DNA topoisomerase I (DNA topoisomerase I, E.C. 5.99.1.2), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 43 nucleotide sequence has at least 83% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 44. DNA topoisomerase I (DNA topoisomerase I; E.C. 5.99.1.2) TopA having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 44 has at least 91% identity and, more preferably, at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 45. Nucleic acid ydiO (aqul) coding for an alpha subunit of a modification methylase (modification methylase, alpha subunit, E.C. 2.1.1.73), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 36% identity, and more preferably at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and especially, of nucleotide sequence indicated preferably 100% identity. 46. Alpha subunit of a modification methylase (modification methylase, alpha subunit, E.C. 2.1.1.73) YdiO (Aqul) having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 15% identity, and more preferably at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98 %, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 47. Nucleic acid rpoA, which codes for an alpha chain of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (DNA 2.7.7.6), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to the nucleotide sequence given in SEQ ID NO 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 48. Alpha-chain of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (DNA-directed RNA polymerase, alpha chain (EC 2.7.7.6) RpoA, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the in SEQ ID NO. 48 amino acid sequence has at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 49. Nucleic acid rpoB, coding for a beta-chain of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (E.C. 2.7.7.6), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 49 nucleotide sequence has at least 89% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 50. Beta chain of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase beta chain (E.C., 2.7.7.6) RpoB having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 50 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 51. rpoC nucleic acid encoding a beta'-chain a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta ¹ chain; EC 2.7.7.6), having a nucleotide sequence complementary to the SEQ ID NO. 51 nucleotide sequence has at least 88% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 52. Beta 'chain of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase beta' chain (E.C. 2.7.7.6) RpoC having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 52 at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 53. nucleic acid sigA encoding a larger RNA polymerase sigma factor 43 (RNA polymerase major sigma-43 factor; sigma-A) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 53 nucleotide sequence at least 86% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 54. Greater RNA polymerase sigma factor 43 (RNA polymerase major sigma-43 factor; sigma-A) SigA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 54 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 55. Nucleic acid cca, coding for a polyA polymerase (polyA polymerase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 66% identity, and more preferably at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, of the nucleotide sequence indicated. and most preferably 100% identity. 56. PolyA polymerase (polyA polymerase) Cca, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 60% identity, and more preferably at least 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 57. Nucleic acid cspR, coding for a rRNA methylase (rRNA methylase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 79% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having. 58. rRNA methylase (rRNA methylase) CspR having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 84% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 59. Nucleic acid rnc, coding for a ribonuclease IM (ribonuclease IM), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 59 indicated nucleotide sequence at least 86% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 60. Ribonuclease III (Ribonuclease III) Rnc having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 93% identity and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 61. Nucleic acid rnpA, coding for a ribonuclease P (ribonuclease P, E.C., 3.1.26.5), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 65% identity, and more preferably at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100%. Identity. 62. Ribonuclease P (ribonuclease P, E.C., 3.1.26.5) RnpA having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 62 at least 69% identity and increasingly preferably at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 63. Nucleic acid trmD, coding for a methyltransferase (methyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.1.31), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having. 64. Methyltransferase (methyltransferase; E.C. 2.1.1.31) TrmD, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 64 amino acid sequence has at least 86% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 65. Nucleic acid trmU, coding for a methyltransferase (methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.61), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 65 nucleotide sequence at least 83% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 66. Methyltransferase (methyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.1.61) TrmU having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 66 at least 92% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 67. Nucleic acid yycF, which codes for a putative two-component response regulator, having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 67 nucleotide sequence has at least 83% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 68. Two-component putative two-component response regulator YycF having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 69. Nucleic acid yycG, coding for a putative two-component response regulator, having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 69 nucleotide sequence has at least 78% identity and increasingly preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 70. Putative two-component response regulator YycG having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 70 at least 78% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 71. Nucleic acid nusA, coding for a putative transcription termination factor, having a nucleotide sequence identical to that in SEQ ID NO. At least 84% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 72. Putative transcription termination factor NusA, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 72 is at least 92% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 73. Nucleic acid rplA coding for a 50S ribosomal protein I_1 (5OS ribosomal protein L1, BL1), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 73 nucleotide sequence has at least 89% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 74. 50S ribosomal protein L1 (5OS ribosomal protein L1; BL1) RpIA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 74 at least 91% identity and more preferably at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 75. Nucleic acid rplB, coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L2 (5OS ribosomal protein L2), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 75 nucleotide sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 76. 50S ribosomal protein L2 (5OS ribosomal protein L2) RpIB having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 76 at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 77. Nucleic acid rpIC, which codes for a 50S ribosomal protein L3 (5OS ribosomal protein L3), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 77 indicated Nucleotide sequence at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 78. 50S ribosomal protein L3 (5OS ribosomal protein L3) RpIC having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 78 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 79. Nucleic acid rpID, coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L4 (5OS ribosomal protein L4), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 79 nucleotide sequence at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99% 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity having. 80. 50S ribosomal protein L4 (5OS ribosomal protein L4) RpID, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 93% identity and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 81. Nucleic acid rplE, coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L5 (5OS ribosomal protein L5), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 81 nucleotide sequence having at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 82. 50S ribosomal protein L5 (5OS ribosomal protein L5) RpIE having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 82 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 83. Nucleic acid rplF coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L6 (5OS ribosomal protein L6), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 83 nucleotide sequence at least 92% identity and increasingly preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 84. 50S ribosomal protein L6 (5OS ribosomal protein L6) RpIF having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 84 has at least 92% identity and more preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 85. Nucleic acid rpIL, which codes for a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L9P (LSU ribosomal protein L9P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 85 nucleotide sequence has at least 75% identity and increasingly preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 86. Ribosomal protein of the large subunit L9P (LSU ribosomal protein L9P) RpIL having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 86 at least 84% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 87. Nucleic acid rplJ, coding for a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L10P (LSU ribosomal protein L10P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 87 nucleotide sequence has at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 88. Large subunit ribosomal protein L10P (LSU ribosomal protein L10P) RpIJ, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 88 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 89. Nucleic acid rpIL, which codes for a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L12P (LSU ribosomal protein L12P; L7 / L12), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that in SEQ ID NO. 89 nucleotide sequence has at least 96% identity and increasingly preferably at least 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 90. Large subunit ribosomal protein L12P (LSU ribosomal protein L12P; L7 / L12) RpIL having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 90 amino acid sequence has at least 96% identity and increasingly preferably at least 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 91. Nucleic acid rplM coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L13 (5OS ribosomal protein L13), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 91 nucleotide sequence at least 97% identity and increasingly preferably at least 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 92. 50S ribosomal protein L13 (5OS ribosomal protein L13) RpIM having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 92 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 93. Nucleic acid rplN, coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L14 (5OS ribosomal protein L14), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 93 nucleotide sequence has at least 92% identity and increasingly preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 94. 50S ribosomal protein L14 (5OS ribosomal protein L14) RpIN having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 94 amino acid sequence has at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 95. Nucleic acid rplO, coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L15 (5OS ribosomal protein L15), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 95 indicated Nucleotide sequence at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 96. 50S ribosomal protein L15 (5OS ribosomal protein L15) RpIO, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 93% identity and, more preferably, at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 97. Nucleic acid rplP, which codes for a 50S ribosomal protein L16 (5OS ribosomal protein L16), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 97 nucleotide sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 98. 50S ribosomal protein L16 (5OS ribosomal protein L16) RpIP having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 98 has at least 96% identity and more preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 99. Nucleic acid rplQ, coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L17 (5OS ribosomal protein L17), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 99 nucleotide sequence has at least 92% identity and increasingly preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 100. 50S ribosomal protein L17 (5OS ribosomal protein L17) RpIQ having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 100% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 101. Nucleic acid rpIR, which codes for a 50S ribosomal protein L18 (5OS ribosomal protein L18), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 101 nucleotide sequence at least 85% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 102. 50S ribosomal protein L18 (5OS ribosomal protein L18) RpIR having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 102 amino acid sequence at least 87% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 103. Nucleic acid rpIS, coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L19 (5OS ribosomal protein L19), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 103 nucleotide sequence has at least 91% identity and increasingly preferably at least 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 104. 50S ribosomal protein L19 (5OS ribosomal protein L19) RpIS, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 104 at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 105. Nucleic acid rpIT, which codes for a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L20P (LSU ribosomal protein L20P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 105 nucleotide sequence has at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 106. Large subunit ribosomal protein L20P (LSU ribosomal protein L20P) RpIT having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 106 has at least 98% identity and, more preferably, at least 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity. 107. Nucleic acid rplU, coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L21 (5OS ribosomal protein L21), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 107 nucleotide sequence at least 88% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 108. 50S ribosomal protein L21 (5OS ribosomal protein L21) RpIU having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 108 amino acid sequence at least 86% identity and increasingly preferably at least 88%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 109. Nucleic acid rplV, coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L22 (5OS ribosomal protein L22), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 110. 50S ribosomal protein L22 (5OS ribosomal protein L22) RpIV having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 111. Nucleic acid rplW, coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L23 (5OS ribosomal protein L23), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 112. 50S ribosomal protein L23 (5OS ribosomal protein L23) RpIW, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 112 amino acid sequence at least 88% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 113. Nucleic acid rpIX coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L24 (5OS ribosomal protein L24), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 113 nucleotide sequence at least 92% identity and increasingly preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 114. 50S ribosomal protein L24 (5OS ribosomal protein L24) RpIX having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 114 amino acid sequence at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 115. Nucleic acid rpmA, which codes for a 50S ribosomal protein L27 (5OS ribosomal protein L27), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 115 nucleotide sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 116. 50S ribosomal protein L27 (5OS ribosomal protein L27) RpmA having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity. 117. Nucleic acid rpmB coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L28 (5OS ribosomal protein L28), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 117 nucleotide sequence has at least 88% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 118. 50S ribosomal protein L28 (5OS ribosomal protein L28) RpmB having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 118 at least 92% identity and increasingly preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 119. Nucleic acid rpmC, which codes for a 50S ribosomal protein L29 (5OS ribosomal protein L29), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 119 nucleotide sequence at least 96% identity and increasingly preferred at least 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity. 120. 50S ribosomal protein L29 (5OS ribosomal protein L29) RpmC having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 120 amino acid sequence has at least 99% identity and increasingly preferably at least 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 121. Nucleic acid rpmD coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L30 (5OS ribosomal protein L30), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 121 nucleotide sequence has at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 122. 50S ribosomal protein L30 (5OS ribosomal protein L30) RpmD having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 122 amino acid sequence has at least 99% identity and increasingly preferably at least 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 123. Nucleic acid rpmE, which codes for a ribosomal protein L31 (ribosomal protein L31), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 123 nucleotide sequence has at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 124. Ribosomal protein L31 (ribosomal protein L31) RpmE having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 124 has at least 99% identity and increasingly preferably at least 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 125. Nucleic acid rpmF coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L32 (5OS ribosomal protein L32), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 125 nucleotide sequence at least 83% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 126. 50S ribosomal protein L32 (5OS ribosomal protein L32) RpmF, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 126 at least 71% identity and increasingly preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 127. Nucleic acid rpmGA, coding for a type 1-50S ribosomal protein L33 (5OS ribosomal protein L33 type 1), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 127 nucleotide sequence has at least 90% identity and increasingly preferably at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 128. Type 1-50S ribosomal protein L33 (5OS ribosomal protein L33 type 1) RpmGA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 128 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 129. Nucleic acid rpmGB, coding for a ribosomal protein of the large subunit L33P (LSU ribosomal protein L33P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 129 nucleotide sequence has at least 84% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 130. Ribosomal protein of the large subunit L33P (LSU ribosomal protein L33P) RpmGB having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 130 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 131. Nucleic acid rpml coding for a 50S ribosomal protein L35 (5OS ribosomal protein L35), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 131 nucleotide sequence at least 88% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 132. 50S ribosomal protein L35 (5OS ribosomal protein L35) Rpml having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 133. Nucleic acid rpmJ encoding a 50S ribosomal protein L36 (5OS ribosomal protein L36) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 133 nucleotide sequence has at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 134. 50S ribosomal protein L36 (5OS ribosomal protein L36) RpmJ, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 134 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 135. Nucleic acid rpsB coding for a ribosomal protein S2 (ribosomal protein S2) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 135 nucleotide sequence has at least 92% identity and increasingly preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 136. Ribosomal protein S2 (ribosomal protein S2) RpsB having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 136 at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 137. Nucleic acid rpsC coding for a 30S ribosomal protein S3 (3OS ribosomal protein S3), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 137 nucleotide sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 138. 30S ribosomal protein S3 (3OS ribosomal protein S3) RpsC having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 139. Nucleic acid rpsD coding for a 30S ribosomal protein S4 (3OS ribosomal protein S4), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 139 nucleotide sequence has at least 89% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 140. 30S ribosomal protein S4 (3OS ribosomal protein S4) RpsD having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 140 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 141. Nucleic acid rpsE coding for a 30S ribosomal protein S5 (3OS ribosomal protein S5), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 141 nucleotide sequence has at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 142. 30S ribosomal protein S5 (3OS ribosomal protein S5) RpsE, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 142 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 143. Nucleic acid rpsF coding for a ribosomal protein S6 (ribosomal protein S6), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 143 nucleotide sequence has at least 91% identity and increasingly preferably at least 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 144. Ribosomal protein S6 (ribosomal protein S6) RpsF having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 144 has at least 92% identity and more preferably at least 93%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 145. Nucleic acid rpsG, coding for a ribosomal protein of the small subunit S7P (SSU ribosomal protein S7P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 145 nucleotide sequence has at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 146. Ribosomal small subunit protein S7P (SSU ribosomal protein S7P) RpsG having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 146 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 147. Nucleic acid rpsH encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S8 (3OS ribosomal protein S8) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 91% identity and, more preferably, at least 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity have been indicated. 148. 30S ribosomal protein S8 (3OS ribosomal protein S8) RpsH having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 149. Nucleic acid rpsI encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S9 (3OS ribosomal protein S9) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 95% identity, and more preferably at least 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity, is indicated. 150. 30S ribosomal protein S9 (3OS ribosomal protein S9) Rps1, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 150 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 151. Nucleic acid rpsJ, coding for a ribosomal protein S10 (ribosomal protein S10), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 151 nucleotide sequence has at least 97% identity and increasingly preferably at least 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 152. Ribosomal protein S10 (ribosomal protein S10) RpsJ having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 152 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 153. Nucleic acid rpsK coding for a 30S-ribosomal protein S11 (3OS ribosomal protein S11), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 154. 30S ribosomal protein S11 (3OS ribosomal protein S11) RpsK having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 154 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 155. Nucleic acid rpsL, which codes for a ribosomal protein of the small subunit S12P (SSU ribosomal protein S12P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 155 nucleotide sequence has at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 156. Ribosomal small subunit protein S12P (SSU ribosomal protein S12P) RpsL having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 156 indicated Amino acid sequence having at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 157. Nucleic acid rpsM, coding for a 30S-ribosomal protein S13 (3OS ribosomal protein S13), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity of nucleotide sequence indicated. 158. 30S ribosomal protein S13 (3OS ribosomal protein S13) RpsM, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 158 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 159. Nucleic acid rpsN coding for a 30S-ribosomal protein S14-1 (3OS ribosomal protein S14-1), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity and, more preferably, at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity have been indicated. 160. 30S ribosomal protein S14-1 (3OS ribosomal protein S14-1) RpsN having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 160 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 161. Nucleic acid rpsO coding for a ribosomal protein S15 (ribosomal protein S15), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity. 162. Ribosomal protein S15 (ribosomal protein S15) RpsO having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 162 indicated Amino acid sequence having at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 163. Nucleic acid rpsP encoding a 30S ribosomal protein S16 (3OS ribosomal protein S16), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 164. 30S ribosomal protein S16 (3OS ribosomal protein S16) RpsP having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 164 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 165. Nucleic acid rpsQ, coding for a 30S-ribosomal protein S17 (3OS ribosomal protein S17), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 165 nucleotide sequence has at least 93% identity and increasingly preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 166. 30S ribosomal protein S17 (3OS ribosomal protein S17) RpsQ, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 166 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 167. Nucleic acid rpsR, coding for a ribosomal protein S18 (ribosomal protein S18), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated nucleotide sequence. 168. Ribosomal protein S18 (ribosomal protein S18) RpsR having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 168 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 169. Nucleic acid rpsS coding for a 30S ribosomal protein S19 (3OS ribosomal protein S19), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated nucleotide sequence. 170. 30S ribosomal protein S19 (3OS ribosomal protein S19) RpsS having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 170 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 171. Nucleic acid rpsT, coding for a 30S-ribosomal protein S20 (3OS ribosomal protein S20), having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 171 identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 172. 30S ribosomal protein S20 (3OS ribosomal protein S20) RpsT having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 172 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 173. Nucleic acid rpsil, which codes for a ribosomal protein of the small subunit S21 P (SSU ribosomal protein S21 P), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 173 nucleotide sequence has at least 96% identity and increasingly preferably at least 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 174. Ribosomal small subunit protein S21P (SSU ribosomal protein S21P) RpsU, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 174 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 175. Nucleic acid alaS coding for an alanyl-tRNA synthetase (alanyl-tRNA synthetase; EC 6.1.1.7), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 81% identity, and more preferably at least 82.5%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100, of nucleotide sequence indicated % Identity. 176. Alanyl tRNA synthetase (alanyl tRNA synthetase: E.C. 6.1.1.7) AIaS having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 176 amino acid sequence at least 84% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 177. A nucleic acid argS encoding a probable arginyl-tRNA synthetase (probable arginyl-tRNA synthetase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 178. Arginyl probable arginyl tRNA synthetase ArgS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 178 has at least 92% identity and more preferably at least 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 179. AsnS nucleic acid encoding an asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 179 nucleotide sequence has at least 86% identity and increasingly preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 180. Asparaginyl tRNA synthetase (asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase) AsnS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 180 amino acid sequence has at least 96% identity and increasingly preferably at least 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 181. A nucleic acid aspS encoding an aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (aspartyl-tRNA synthetase; EC 6.1.1.12) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 80% identity, and more preferably at least 82.5%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100, nucleotide sequence indicated % Identity. 182. Aspartyl tRNA synthetase (aspartyl-tRNA synthetase: E.C. 6.1.1.12) AspS, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 182 has at least 85% identity, and more preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 183. Nucleic acid cysS coding for a cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 183 nucleotide sequence has at least 80% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 184. Cysteineyl tRNA synthetase (cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase) CysS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 87% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated amino acid sequence. 185. Nucleic acid gltX, which codes for a glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (glutamyl-tRNA synthetase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 185 nucleotide sequence has at least 82% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 186. glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (glutamyl-tRNA synthetase) GItX having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 186 has at least 90% identity and more preferably at least 92%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 187. Nucleic acid glyQ, which codes for an alpha chain of a glycyl-tRNA synthetase (glycyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain, EC 6.1.1.14), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity and, more preferably, at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity of the nucleotide sequence indicated. 188. Alpha-chain of a glycyl-tRNA synthetase (glycyl-tRNA synthetase alpha chain; E.C. 6.1.1.14) GIyQ having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 188 has at least 96% identity and more preferably at least 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 189. Nucleic acid glyS coding for a beta-chain of a glycyl-tRNA synthetase (glycyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain, E.C. 6.1.1.14), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 189 nucleotide sequence of at least 74% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 190. Beta chain of a glycyl-tRNA synthetase (glycyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain, E.C. 6.1.1.14) GIyS, having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 76% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 191. Nucleic acid hisS, which codes for a histidyl-tRNA synthetase (histidyl-tRNA synthetase, E.C. 6.1.1.21), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 191 nucleotide sequence has at least 81% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 192. Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (histidyl-tRNA synthetase; EC 6.1.1.21) HisS having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 192 at least 85% identity and more preferably at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 193. Nucleic acid HeS coding for an isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase; EC 6.1.1.5), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 193 nucleotide sequence has at least 80% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 194. Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase: E.C. 6.1.1.5) NeS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 194 has at least 85% identity, and more preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 195. Nucleic acid leuS coding for a leucyl-tRNA synthetase (leucyl-tRNA synthetase, E.C. 6.1.1.4), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 84% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 196. Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase (Leucyl-tRNA Synthase; E.C. 6.1.1.4) LeuS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 90% identity and more preferably at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 197. LysS nucleic acid encoding a lysyl-tRNA synthetase (lysyl-tRNA synthetase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99% 99.5%, of the nucleotide sequence indicated. and most preferably 100% identity. 198. Lysyl tRNA synthetase (lysyl-tRNA synthetase) LysS, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 92% identity and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 199. Nucleic acid metS coding for a methionyl-tRNA synthetase (methionyl-tRNA synthetase; EC 6.1.1.10), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 199 nucleotide sequence has at least 80% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 200. Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase (Methionyl-tRNA Synthase; E.C. 6.1.1.10) MetS having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Having at least 89% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 201. Nucleic acid pheS, which codes for an alpha-chain of a phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, alpha chain; E.C. 6.1.1.20), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 201 nucleotide sequence has at least 82% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 202. Alpha-chain of a phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, alpha chain; EC 6.1.1.20) PheS having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 202 ^"has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 203. Nucleic acid pheT coding for a phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, beta chain; E.C. 6.1.1.20), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 203 nucleotide sequence has at least 77% identity and increasingly preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 204. Beta-chain of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, beta chain; EC 6.1.1.20) PheT having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 204 at least 82% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 205. Nucleic acid proS coding for a prolyl-tRNA synthetase (prolyl-tRNA synthetase; EC 6.1.1.15), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 205 nucleotide sequence at least 77% identity and increasingly preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 206. Prolyl-tRNA Synthetase (Prolyl-tRNA Synthase; E.C. 6.1.1.15) ProS, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 206 at least 84% identity and increasingly preferably at least 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 207. Nucleic acid serS coding for a seryl-tRNA synthetase (seryl-tRNA synthetase, E.C. 6.1.1.11), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 207 nucleotide sequence has at least 85% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 208. Seryl-tRNA Synthetase (Seryl-tRNA Synthase; E.C. 6.1.1.11) SerS having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 208 at least 95% identity and increasingly preferably at least 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 209. Nucleotide trpS encoding a tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase (Tϊyptophanyl tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.2) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 209 identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 97.5%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 210. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase; EC 6.1.1.2) TrpS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 211. Nucleic acid tyrS, coding for a tyrosyl tRNA synthetase (tyrosyl tRNA synthetase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 211 identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 212. Tyrosyl tRNA synthetase (tyrosyl tRNA synthetase) TyrS having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 212 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 213. nucleic acid valS encoding a valyl-tRNA synthetase (valyl-tRNA synthetase; E.C. 6.1.1.9) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 213 nucleotide sequence has at least 84% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 214. Valyl tRNA synthetase (valyl tRNA synthetase: E.C. 6.1.1.9) VaIS, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 214 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 215. gatA nucleic acid encoding a Gln / glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase; E.C. 6.3.5.-) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 215 has at least 86% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity. 216. Gln / glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase; EC 6.3.5.-) GatA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 217. GatB nucleic acid encoding a B subunit of a glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, EC 6.3.5.-) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO , 217 at least 89% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 218. B subunit of glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase subunit B; E.C. 6.3.5.-) GatB having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 218 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 219. GatC nucleic acid encoding a subunit C of a glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase subunit C; E.C. 6.3.5.-) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 219 has at least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 220. Subunit C of a glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase (glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase subunit C; E.C. 6.3.5.-) GatC having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 220 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 221. Nucleic acid fmt encoding a methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase (methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase; E.C. 2.1.2.9) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity and, more preferably, at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity are given , 222. Methionyl tRNA Formyltransferase (Methionyl-tRNA Formyltransferase; EC 2.1.2.9) Fmt, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 222 amino acid sequence at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 223. Nucleic acid frr encoding a ribosome recycling factor having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 82% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably, of nucleotide sequence indicated 100% identity. 224. ribosome recycling factor Frr having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 224 has at least 94% identity, and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 225. Nucleic acid fusA, coding for an elongation factor G of protein translation (protein translation elongation factor G; EF-G), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 225 nucleotide sequence has at least 90% identity and increasingly preferably at least 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 226. Elongation factor G of protein translation (protein translation elongation factor G; EF-G) FusA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 93% identity, and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity of the indicated amino acid sequence. 227. Nucleic acid infA encoding a translation initiation factor IF-1 (translation initiation factor IF-1) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 96% identity and, more preferably, at least 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5%, and most preferably 100% identity. 228. Translation initiation factor IF-1 (translation initiation factor IF-1) InfA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 228 indicated Amino acid sequence having at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 229. Nucleic acid infB, coding for a translation initiation factor IF-2 (translation initiation factor IF-2), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 84% identity and, more preferably, at least 90%, 92%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity are given having. 230. Translation initiation factor IF-2 (translation initiation factor IF-2) InfB, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 230 amino acid sequence has at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 231. Nucleic acid infC, coding for a translation initiation factor IF-3 (translation initiation factor IF-3), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 73% identity and, more preferably, at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity are given , 232. Translation initiation factor IF-3 (translation initiation factor IF-3) InfC having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 232 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 233. Nucleic acid prfA, coding for a peptide chain release factor 1 (peptide chain release factor 1), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 86% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity of the nucleotide sequence indicated. 234. Peptide chain release factor 1 PrfA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 234 indicated amino acid having at least 90% identity and more preferably at least 92.5%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 235. Nucleic acid tsf, coding for an elongation factor Ts (elongation factor Ts, EF-Ts), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 235 nucleotide sequence has at least 87% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 236. Elongation factor Ts (Elongation factor Ts; EF-Ts) Tsf having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 236 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 237. Nucleic acid tufA, coding for a protein translation elongation factor Tu (protein translation elongation factor Tu; EF-TU), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 237 nucleotide sequence has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 238. Protein translation elongation factor Tu (Protein Translation Elongation Factor Tu; EF-TU) TufA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 238 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 239. Nucleic acid spoVC encoding a peptidyl-tRNA-hydrolase (peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 239 has at least 81% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 240. Peptidyl tRNA hydrolase (peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase) SpoVC having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 240 indicated Amino acid sequence having at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 241. Nucleic acid GroEL encoding a Class I heat shock protein (Class I heat shock protein; chaperonin) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 91% identity, and more preferably at least 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity of the nucleotide sequence indicated. 242. Class I heat shock protein (Class I heat-shock protein; chaperonin) GroEL, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 242 identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 243. Nucleic acid groES encoding a Class I heat shock protein (Class I heat shock protein; chaperonin) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 91% identity and, more preferably, at least 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity have been indicated. 244. Class I heat shock Protein (chaperonin) GroES having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 244 has at least 98% identity and more preferably at least 98.5%, 99%, 99.5% and most preferably 100% identity. 245. Nucleic acid map encoding a methionine aminopeptidase (methionine aminopeptidase, E.C., 3.4.11.18) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 245 nucleotide sequence has at least 88% identity and increasingly preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 246. Methionine aminopeptidase (methionine aminopeptidase; EC 3.4.11.18) Map with an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 246 indicated Amino acid sequence having at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 247. Nucleic acid ffh, which codes for a subunit FFH / SRP54 of a signal recognition particle (subunit FFH / SRP54), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 85% identity, and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity of the nucleotide sequence indicated. 248. Subunit FFH / SRP54 of a Signal Recognition Particle (Signal Recognition Particle, subunit FFH / SRP54) Ffh having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 248 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 249. Nucleic acid ftsY, coding for a signal recognition particle with a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 78% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity are given having. 250. Signal Recognition Particle FtsY, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 250 at least 82% identity and increasingly preferably at least 86%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 251. A nucleic acid prsA coding for a precursor of a protein export protein precursor (EC 5.2.1.8) having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 73% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 252. Protein precursor protein export precursor (EC 5.2.1.8) PrsA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 252 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 253. Nucleic acid secE, which codes for a subunit of a preprotein translocase (subunit), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 254. Subunit of a preprotein translocase (Preprotein translocase subunit) SecE with an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 63% identity and more preferably at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% of the amino acid sequence indicated. Identity. 255. Nucleic acid secY, coding for a subunit of a preprotein translocase (preprotein translocase subunit), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 255 nucleotide sequence has at least 81% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 256. Subunit of a preproprotein translocase (Preprotein translocase subunit) SecY, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 256 at least 89% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 257. A nucleic acid accA encoding an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 257 angege¬ indicated nucleotide sequence at least 80% identity and increasingly preferred at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 258. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) AccA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 258 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 259. Nucleic acid accB, which codes for a biotin-carboxyl carrier protein of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (biotin carboxyl carrier protein of acetyl-CoA carboxylase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 76% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 260. Biotin carboxyl carrier protein of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (biotin carboxyl carrier protein of acetyl-CoA carboxylase) AccB having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 260 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 261. A nucleic acid accC encoding a biotin carboxylase subunit of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit; biotin carboxylase subunit; E.C. 6.4.1.2) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 261 nucleotide sequence has at least 80% identity and increasingly preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 262. Biotin carboxylase subunit of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit; biotin carboxylase subunit; EC 6.4.1.2) AccC having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 262 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 263. Nucleic acid accD encoding a beta-subunit of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, beta subunit) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 74% identity, and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 264. Beta subunit of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, beta subunit) AccD, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 264 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 265. A nucleic acid acpA encoding an acyl carrier protein having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 93% identity and more preferably at least 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 266. Acyl carrier protein AcpA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 266 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 267. A nucleic acid acpS coding for a holo-acyl carrier protein synthase (Hoioacyl carrier protein synthase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 32% identity and more preferably at least 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100 % Identity. 268. Holo-acyl carrier protein synthase AcpS having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 268 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 269. Nucleic acid birA, which codes for a transcriptional repressor of the biotin operon (transcriptional repressor of the biotin operon), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 269 nucleotide sequence has at least 72% identity and more preferably at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 270. Transcriptional repressor of the biotin operon (transcriptional repressor of the biotin operon) BirA having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 270 at least 94% identity and increasingly preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and particularly preferably 100% identity. 271. A nucleic acid fabD encoding a malonyl CoA acyl carrier protein transacylase (malonyl CoA acyl carrier protein transacylase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 78% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity are given having. 272. Malonyl CoA acyl carrier protein transacylase (malonyl CoA acyl carrier protein transacylase) FabD, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 272 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 273. Nucleic acid fabF encoding a 3-oxoacyl (acyl carrier protein) synthase (3-oxoacyl (acyl-carrier protein) synthase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 83% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100%, of the nucleotide sequence indicated in FIG. 274. 3-oxoacyl (acyl carrier protein) synthase (3-oxoacyl (acyl carrier protein) synthase) FabF having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 274 indicated amino acid sequence at least 94% identity and increasing preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 275. A nucleic acid fabG encoding a beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity having. 276. Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase) FabG having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 276 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 277. Nucleic acid cdsA encoding a phosphatidate cytidylyl transferase (phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase; E.C. 2.7.7.41) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 277 has at least 69% identity, and more preferably at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 278. Phosphatidate Cytidylyl Transferase (Phosphatidate Cytidylyltransferase, E.C., 2.7.7.41) CdsA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 278 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 279. Nucleic acid gpsA coding for an NAD (P) H-dependent glyceryl-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD (P) H-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 279 nucleotide sequence has at least 76% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 280. NAD (P) H-dependent glyceryl-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD (P) H-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) GpsA, having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 280 has at least 81% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 281. Nucleic acid pgsA, coding for a phosphatidyl-glycerophosphate synthase (phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 79% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 282. Phosphatidyl-glycerophosphate synthase (phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase) PgsA having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 88% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 283. Nucleic acid yhdO coding for an i-acylglyceryl-3-phosphate (1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 79% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 284. 1-Acylglyceryl-3-phosphates (1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate) YhdO having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 284 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 285. A nucleic acid pIsX coding for a protein involved in fatty acid / phospholipid synthesis, having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 285 identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 286. Protein involved in fatty acid / phospholipid synthesis PIsX having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 286 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 287. Nucleic acid gcaD coding for a UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity and more preferably at least 80%, 82.5%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and 287 nucleotide sequence most preferably 100% identity. 288. UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase) GcaD, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 288 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 289. The nucleic acid glmS coding for a glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate-amino-transferase (glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 84% identity and, more preferably, at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity are indicated. 290. Glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate-amino-transferase (glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase) GImS having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 290 has at least 94% identity and more preferably at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 291. YbbT nucleic acid encoding a phospho-glucosamine mutase (phosphoglucosamine mutase; EC 5.4.2.10) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 291 nucleotide sequence at least 82% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 292. Phospho-Glucosamine Mutase (Phosphoglucosamine mutase; E.C. 5.4.2.10) YbbT having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 292 has at least 94% identity and, more preferably, at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 293. Nucleic acid yvyH encoding a putative UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (putative UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase; E.C. 5.1.3.14) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 79% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 294. Putative UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (putative UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase; E.C. 5.1.3.14) YvyH having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 294 having at least 89% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 295. Nucleic acid asd, coding for an aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase), having a nucleotide sequence which corresponds to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity having. 296. Aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) Asd, having an amino acid sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 296 has at least 89% identity and, more preferably, at least 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity. 297. Nucleic acid dapA encoding a dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dihydrodipicolinate synthase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. At least 77% identity, and more preferably at least 80%, 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and most preferably 100% identity having. 298. Dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dihydrodipicolinate synthase) DapA having an amino acid sequence identical to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 298 has at least 84% identity and more preferably at least 85%, 87.5%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 299. Nucleic acid dapB encoding a dihydrodipicolinate reductase (dihydrodipicolinate reductase) having a nucleotide sequence corresponding to that shown in SEQ ID NO. 299 nucleotide sequence has at least 80% identity, and more preferably at least 85%, 90%, 92.5%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 300. Dihydrodipicolinate reductase (Dihydrodipicolinate reductase) DapB having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. Has at least 88% identity and more preferably at least 90%, 92%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% and most preferably 100% identity. 301. The gene product (protein or enzyme) according to any one of claims 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, 256, 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282, 284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298 or 300, which is naturally constituted by a microorganism, preferably a bacterium, more preferably a Gram-positive bacterium, among which preferably one of the genus Bacillus, among which particularly preferred t of one B. licheniformis and most particularly preferred B. licheniformis DSM 13. 302. A nucleic acid according to any one of claims 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297 or 299, naturally contained in a microorganism, preferably a bacterium, more preferably a Gram-positive bacterium, among which preferably one of the genus Bacillus, among these particularly preferably one of Species B. licheniformis and most particularly preferred among these B. licheniformis DSM13. 303. Nucleic acid encoding a gene product (protein or enzyme) according to any one of claims 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 , 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84 , 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134 , 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184 , 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234 , 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, 256, 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282, 284 , 286, 288, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298, 300 and / or 301. 304. Vector, which is one of the in claims 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297, Contains 299, 302 and / or 303 designated nucleic acids. 305. The vector of claim 304, which contains two or more of the nucleic acids recited in the claims. 306. The cloning vector according to claim 304 or 305. 307. Expression vector according to claim 304 or 305. 308. A cell which, after genetic modification, is one of the claims 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37 , 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87 , 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137 , 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187 , 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237 , 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287 , 289, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 302 and / or 303 contains nucleic acids. 309. The cell of claim 308, wherein said nucleic acid is part of a vector, in particular a vector according to any one of claims 304 to 307. 310. The cell of any of claims 308 or 309, which is a bacterium. 311. A cell according to claim 310, which is a Gram-negative bacterium, in particular one of the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas or Xanthomonas, in particular strains of E. coli K12, E. coli B or Klebsiella planticola, and more particularly derivatives strains Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), E. coli RV308, E. coli DH5α, E. coli JM109, E. coli XL-1 or Klebsiella planticola (Rf). 312. A cell according to claim 310, which is a Gram-positive bacterium, in particular one of the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus or Corynebacterium, more particularly of the species Bacillus lentus, B. licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, B. globigii or B. alcalophilus, Staphylococcus carnosus or Corynebacterium glutamicum, and among these, most preferably a derivative of S.licheniformis DSM 13. 313. A method for producing one or more of the gene products (proteins or enzymes) according to any of claims 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 , 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82 , 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 , 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182 , 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232 , 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 254, 256, 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282 , 284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 294, 296, 298, 300 and / or 301. 314. The method according to claim 313 using the respectively corresponding nucleic acid according to one of claims 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 302 and / or 303, preferably using a vector according to one of claims 304 to 307, particularly preferably using a cell according to one of the claims kitchen 308 to 312. 315. The method of claim 313 or 314, wherein the nucleotide sequence in one or preferably more codons has been adapted to the codon usage of the host strain. 316. Use of one of claims 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 , 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 , 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144 , 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194 , 196, 198, 200, 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244 , 246,248,250,252,254,256,258,260,262,264,266,268,270,272,274,276,278,280,282,284,286,288,290,292,294 , 296, 298, 300 and / or 301 designated gene product (protein or enzyme) according to its respective biochemical properties. 317. The use of claim 316, which is an in vitro approach. 318. Use of a nucleic acid according to any one of claims 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 , 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91 , 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141 , 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241 , 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291 , 293, 295, 297, 299, 302 and / or 303 or parts thereof for the functional inactivation of the respectively associated gene in a microorganism. 319. Use according to claim 318, wherein the functional inactivation results in the protein in question not being synthesized in full length, preferably not at all. 320. Use according to claim 318 or 319, wherein the functional inactivation occurs during the fermentation of the microorganism. 321. Use according to any of claims 318 to 320, wherein the activities or protein contents clearly attributable to the relevant inactivated enzymes or proteins are less than 50%, preferably less than 20%, very particularly preferably less than 5% of that without the inactivation occurring activity or concentration values are reduced. 322. Use according to any one of claims 318 to 321, wherein 2, 3 or more of said genes are functionally inactivated. 323. Use according to any one of claims 318 to 322, wherein for the inactivation each one used for a non-active protein nucleic acid having a point mutation. 324. Use according to any one of claims 318 to 322, wherein for the inactivation in each case a nucleic acid having a deletion or insertion mutation is used, preferably comprising each of at least 70 to 150 nucleic acid positions comprising border sequences of the coding region for the protein. 325. Use according to any one of claims 318 to 322, wherein for the inactivation, a nucleic acid is used which is identical or interferes with the 5'-terminal sequence, in particular the signal sequence of the associated gene or parts thereof. 326. Use according to any of claims 318 to 325, wherein, for curing the defect, in each case a nucleic acid coding for an active protein is introduced on a vector into the host cell, preferably on a vector which is a stable genetic element, particularly preferably a plasmid in established the cell. 327. Use according to claim 326, wherein the nucleic acid responsible for said curing contains, in addition to the protein-only coding portion, the naturally associated promoter or a promoter-sufficient part thereof. 328. Use according to claim 326 or 327, wherein genetic information to be selected on the same genetic element as that for the said curing of the defect is preferably under the control of the same promoter. 329. Use according to claim 326, wherein the genetic information to be selected is that for a protein, for an enzyme and / or for information for the synthesis of a low molecular weight compound. 330. A microorganism in which the chromosomal copy of at least one of claims 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 , 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85 , 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135 , 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185 , 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235 , 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285 , 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 302 and / or 303 is functionally inactivated. 331. The microorganism of claim 330, wherein 2, 3 or more of said genes are functionally inactivated, preferably in each case via a use of a nucleic acid according to one or more of claims 318 to 325. 332. The microorganism according to claim 330 or 331, wherein in order to cure the defect, in each case a nucleic acid coding for an active protein has been introduced on a vector into the host cell, preferably on a vector which is a stable genetic element, particularly preferably a plasmid in the Cell has established. 333. The microorganism according to any one of claims 330 to 332, wherein the nucleic acid responsible for said curing contains, in addition to the protein-only coding portion, the naturally-linked promoter thereof or a promoter-sufficient portion thereof. 334. The microorganism according to any one of claims 330 to 333, wherein genetic information to be selected is located on the same genetic element as that for said curing of the defect, preferably under the control of the same promoter. 335. The microorganism according to claim 334, wherein the genetic information to be selected is that for a protein, for an enzyme and / or for the synthesis of a low molecular weight compound. 336. The microorganism of any one of claims 330 to 335, which is a bacterium. 337. A microorganism according to claim 336, which is a Gram-negative bacterium, in particular one of the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas or Xanthomonas, in particular strains of E. coli K12, E. coli B or Klebsiella planticola, and more particularly derivatives of strains Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), E. coli RV308, E. coli DH5α, E. coli JM109, E. coli XL-1 or Klebsiella planticola (Rf). 338. The microorganism according to claim 336, which is a Gram-positive bacterium, in particular one of the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus or Corynebacterium, in particular the species Bacillus lentus, B. licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, B. globigii or B. alcalophilus, Staphylococcus carnosus or Corynebacterium glutamicum and of these particularly by ß. licheniformis DSM 13. 339. A method of fermenting a microorganism according to any of claims 330 to 338. 340. The method of claim 339 for the preparation of a valuable material, in particular a low molecular weight compound or a protein. 341. The method of claim 340, wherein the low molecular weight compound is a natural product, a food supplement or a pharmaceutically relevant compound. 342. The method of claim 340, wherein the protein is a peptide hormone. 343. The method of claim 340, wherein the protein is an enzyme, in particular one of the group of α-amylases, proteases, cellulases, lipases, oxidoreductases, peroxidases, laccases, oxidases and hemicellulases. 344. Use of a nucleic acid according to one of claims 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41 , 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91 , 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141 , 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 29, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241 , 243, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291 , 293, 295, 297, 299, 302 and / or 303 for identifying the corresponding in vivo immediately preceding promoter. 345. The use of claim 344, wherein said nucleic acid is hybridized to a preparation of genomic DNA. 346. Use according to claim 344, wherein on the basis of said nucleic acid primers are formed, via which flanking DNA segments are identified from a preparation of a genomic DNA.