WO2006018054A1 - High-strength, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cast iron material - Google Patents
High-strength, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cast iron material Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006018054A1 WO2006018054A1 PCT/EP2005/004884 EP2005004884W WO2006018054A1 WO 2006018054 A1 WO2006018054 A1 WO 2006018054A1 EP 2005004884 W EP2005004884 W EP 2005004884W WO 2006018054 A1 WO2006018054 A1 WO 2006018054A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/006—Graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cast iron material and in particular piston rings, which have such a cast iron material as the base body.
- the present invention relates to a new cast iron material comprising needle-like ferrite with certain proportions of austenite, martensite and / or pearlite.
- Cast iron materials can be in various microstructures that can be adjusted by using specific composition and / or process parameters.
- a cast iron material having a bainitic to martensitic basic structure, which is obtained by a heat treatment, is described for example in DE 24 28 821 A.
- the basic structure contains lamellar to nodular graphite precipitates to provide runflat properties.
- the blank after annealing is annealed at a temperature in the range of 900 ° C and 1050 ° C to dissolve the cementite to produce a black malleable cast iron.
- a temperature in the range of 900 ° C and 1050 ° C to dissolve the cementite to produce a black malleable cast iron.
- the annealing time can be reduced by adding sulfur in a significant amount to the starting material.
- Cast iron or cast iron alloys are commonly used to make highly stressed parts of internal combustion engines, such as piston rings.
- piston rings are subject to an increasing load, such as, for example, compression pressure, combustion temperature, reduction of lubricating film, and their functional properties, such as wear, Fire resistance, Microwelding, corrosion resistance significantly influence.
- Piston rings seal the gap between the piston head and the cylinder wall with respect to the combustion chamber. During the up and down movement of the piston slides the
- Piston ring on the one hand with its outer peripheral surface in constant resilient engagement against the cylinder wall, on the other hand slides the piston ring, due to the
- Compression rings in highly stressed engines such as diesel engines or 2-stroke diesel engines, for example, preferably as cast piston rings with a Lauffiambaenbe harshung, such as chrome-ceramic coating, thermal spray coating, PVD layer or inlet layer, designed.
- EP 1 384 794 A1 discloses a cast iron material for piston rings which has a specific chemical composition and is subjected to a heat treatment comprising an austenizing treatment followed by an isothermal hardening process.
- a heat treatment comprising an austenizing treatment followed by an isothermal hardening process.
- the use of spheroidal graphite-forming additives results in a spherulitic material.
- the cast iron material must have a matrix of pearlite with small amounts of ferrite for optimum heat treatment. Although such a heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties of cast iron materials, the cost of the heat treatment makes the product more expensive.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a cast iron material having an increased wear resistance and corrosion resistance, without the Manufacturing costs are increased and to provide a piston ring, which has a reduced risk of breakage and guarantees the increased functional performance over long lifetimes with increased mechanical-dynamic load.
- the object is achieved by a cast iron material according to claim 1, a piston ring according to claim 11.
- a cast iron material which has a matrix comprising needle-like ferrite and / or martensite with proportions of austenite and / or pearlite.
- the matrix has phase components which are adjusted in the matrix structure such that a phase mixture comprises> 50% needle-like ferrite, ⁇ 20% austenite, ⁇ 30% martensite, ⁇ 50% pearlite and ⁇ 15% carbides.
- the proportions of the phase mixture are as follows:> 65% needlead ferrite, ⁇ 5% austenite, ⁇ 10% martensite, ⁇ 10% perlite and ⁇ 7% carbides.
- the ferrite can be cementite-free needle-like ferrite or cemented needle-like ferrite and mixtures thereof.
- the cast iron material according to the invention preferably has the following chemical composition in% by weight: carbon 3.0 to 4.2; Silicon 1.0 to 3.5; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.4; Sulfur max. 0.1; Chrome max. 5.0; Copper max. 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.3; Molybdenum max. 3.0; Vanadium max. 1.0, nickel 1.0 to 6.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities.
- This cast iron material is characterized in particular by a high corrosion resistance, wear resistance and bending strength.
- the cast iron material according to the invention has excellent toughness, which has a particularly positive effect on the tendency to fracture.
- the cast iron material has the following composition in weight percent: carbon 3.0 to 4.0; Silicon 1.0 to 3.0; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.3; Sulfur max. 0.05; Chrome max. 0.5; Copper 0.5 to 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.25; Vanadium max. 0.1, molybdenum max. 0.08; Nickel 1.0 to 4.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities.
- the properties of the cast iron material according to the invention can furthermore be controlled specifically in which the type of graphite formation present in the material is varied in a spherulitic and / or vermicullary or lamellar manner.
- Vermicular graphite is "worm-shaped" graphite, which lies in its morphology between lamellar graphite and nodular graphite and is generally abbreviated GJV Because of the vermicular graphite formation, the properties differ substantially from the ferrite / pearlite ratio in the basic structure and from the proportion of the accompanying nodular graphite. Commonly used here are 80-90% vermicular graphite, the remainder being nodular graphite, which makes GJV suitable for thermally stressed components, such as piston rings, which are subject to high temperature changes.
- Cast iron with spherulitic or "spherical” graphite formation is also known as GJS, in which the majority of the carbon in the casting state is precipitated in the form of spheroidal graphite.
- a lamellargraphitic cast iron material has a very good coefficient of thermal conductivity and a very good damping, while a spherulitic cast iron material has the advantage of a significantly reduced notch effect and significantly higher tensile strength and ductility.
- a vermiculargraphitic cast iron material has higher strength properties than other graphite formations.
- a graphite transfer to a cast iron material with vermicular graphite formation (GJV) or spherulitic graphite formation (GJS) can be achieved, for example, by a Mg treatment, as known from the prior art.
- the cast iron material may further contain an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, boron, tellurium or bismuth or combinations thereof, in particular in an amount of up to 0.1% by weight. Such elements easily form carbides and improve wear resistance.
- the cast iron material may contain an additive which is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, antimony, calcium, strontium, aluminum, lanthanum, cerium, rare earth metals or combinations thereof, preferably in an amount of up to 0.1% by weight. , Rare earth metals.
- These elements and additives can be impurities due to production or can be added to the melt during the process for producing the cast iron material according to the invention.
- the cast iron material may contain lead, zinc, nitrogen and other ingredients not explicitly mentioned in an amount of up to 0.1 wt .-%.
- the proportion of starting materials, constituents, ingredients, elements, additives can be adjusted by various methods known to the person skilled in the art.
- the chemical composition is adjusted in particular depending on the casting module.
- the cast iron material according to the present invention is particularly suitable for the production of piston rings.
- the piston rings may also be partially or wholly, inductively hardened, nitrided or coated on their running surfaces and / or their flank surfaces.
- the contents of nickel, copper, tin and chrome have a positive influence on the corrosion resistance of the material. This is particularly important for 2-stroke engines, because the piston rings are exposed there aggressive media, therefore, the inventive
- Cast iron material ideally suited as a basic structure for a piston ring.
- a melt is first prepared.
- the melt preferably has the following composition in weight percent: carbon 3.0 to 4.2; Silicon 1.0 to 3.5; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.4; Sulfur max. 0.1; Chrome max. 5.0; Copper max. 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.3; Vanadium max. 1.0, molybdenum max. 3.0; nickel 1.0 to 6.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities.
- a blank is produced with solidification of the melt.
- the blank may then be further processed into a piston ring according to methods known in the art.
- the process for producing the cast iron material is carried out without further heat treatment. For larger dimensions (Mo 1.5 cm), no additional heat treatment is required. For smaller dimensions, additional tempering may be necessary, but annealing is no longer necessary. The tempering then takes place optionally at temperatures of ⁇ 700 0 C.
- 1 shows the cast structure of a cast iron material according to the invention in a magnification of 500: 1, which has been etched with Nital 2%.
- the basic structure consists of approx. 60% needle-like cement-rich and cementite-free ferrite, approx. 20% perlite, approx. 10% martensite, ⁇ 3% austenite and ⁇ 7% carbides.
- the mechanical properties of the piston ring are as follows: The hardness is 320HB2.5, the bending strength is> 1100 MPa, the exact bending strength is difficult to determine due to the high ductility of the material.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Hoch- und verschleißfester, korrosionsbeständiger Gusseisenwerkstoff High- and wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cast iron material
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Gusseisenwerkstoff und insbesondere Kolbenringe, die als Grundkörper einen derartigen Gusseisenwerkstoff aufweisen . Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft insbesondere einen neuen Gusseisenwerkstoff, der nadeligen Ferrit mit bestimmten Anteilen aus Austenit, Martensit und/oder Perlit umfasst.The present invention relates to a cast iron material and in particular piston rings, which have such a cast iron material as the base body. In particular, the present invention relates to a new cast iron material comprising needle-like ferrite with certain proportions of austenite, martensite and / or pearlite.
Gusseisenwerkstoffe können in verschiedenen Mikrostrukturen vorliegen, die durch Verwendung spezieller Zusammensetzungs- und/oder Verfahrensparameter eingestellt werden können.Cast iron materials can be in various microstructures that can be adjusted by using specific composition and / or process parameters.
Ein Gusseisenwerkstoff, der ein bainitisches bis martensitisches Grundgefüge aufweist, das durch eine Wärmebehandlung erzugt ist, wird beispielsweise in der DE 24 28 821 A beschrieben. In dem Grundgefüge sind lamellare bis knötchenförmige Graphitausscheidungen enthalten, um Notlaufeigenschaften zu gewährleisten.A cast iron material having a bainitic to martensitic basic structure, which is obtained by a heat treatment, is described for example in DE 24 28 821 A. The basic structure contains lamellar to nodular graphite precipitates to provide runflat properties.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines perlitischen und/oder ferritischen Gusseisens wird in der US 3,565,698 beschrieben. Hier wird das Ausgangsmaterial in der Schmelze mitA process for producing a pearlitic and / or ferritic cast iron is described in US 3,565,698. Here, the starting material in the melt with
Mischmetall versetzt und zu einem Rohling gegossen. Der Rohling wird nach dem Gießen bei einer Temperatur in einem Bereich von 900 0C und 1050 0C geglüht, um den Zementit in Lösung zu setzen, um einen schwarzen Temperguss zu erzeugen. Wie in der USMixed metal offset and poured into a blank. The blank after annealing is annealed at a temperature in the range of 900 ° C and 1050 ° C to dissolve the cementite to produce a black malleable cast iron. As in the US
3,000,770 beschrieben wird, kann die Glühzeit durch das Zugeben von Schwefel in einer bedeutenden Menge zu dem Ausgangsmaterial reduziert werden.3,000,770, the annealing time can be reduced by adding sulfur in a significant amount to the starting material.
Gusseisenwerkstoffe bzw. Gusseisenlegierungen werden gewöhnlich zur Herstellung hoch beanspruchter Teile von Verbrennungskraftmotoren, wie beispielsweise Kolbenringe, verwendet. Kolbenringe unterliegen in hochbeanspruchten Motoren einer zunehmenden Belastung, wie beispielsweise Kompressionsdruck, Verbrennungstemperatur, Schmierfilmreduzierung, die deren Funktionseigenschaften wie Verschleiß, Brandspurbeständigkeit, Microwelding, Korrosionsbeständigkeit maßgeblich beeinflussen.Cast iron or cast iron alloys are commonly used to make highly stressed parts of internal combustion engines, such as piston rings. In highly stressed engines, piston rings are subject to an increasing load, such as, for example, compression pressure, combustion temperature, reduction of lubricating film, and their functional properties, such as wear, Fire resistance, Microwelding, corrosion resistance significantly influence.
Kolbenringe dichten den zwischen Kolbenkopf und Zylinderwand vorhandenen Spalt gegenüber dem Brennraum ab. Bei der Auf- und Abbewegung des Kolbens gleitet derPiston rings seal the gap between the piston head and the cylinder wall with respect to the combustion chamber. During the up and down movement of the piston slides the
Kolbenring einerseits mit seiner äußeren Umfangsfläche in ständiger federnder Anlage gegen die Zylinderwand, andererseits gleitet der Kolbenring, bedingt durch diePiston ring on the one hand with its outer peripheral surface in constant resilient engagement against the cylinder wall, on the other hand slides the piston ring, due to the
Kippbewegungen des Kolbens, oszillierend in seiner Kolbenringnut, wobei seine Flanken wechselnd an der oberen oder unteren Nutenflanke der Kolbenringnut anliegen. Bei den jeweils gegeneinander laufenden Gleitparmern tritt in Abhängigkeit des Materials ein mehr oder weniger starker Verschleiß auf, der bei einem Trockenlauf zu sogenanntenTilting movements of the piston, oscillating in its piston ring groove, wherein its flanks alternately bear against the upper or lower groove flank of the piston ring groove. In each case against each other running Gleitparmern occurs depending on the material, a more or less severe wear, which in a dry run to so-called
Fressern, Riefenbildung und schließlich zu einer Zerstörung des Motors führen kann. Um das Gleitverhalten von Kolbenringen gegenüber der Zylinderwand zu verbessern, wurden diese an deren Umfangsfläche mit Beschichtungen aus unterschiedlichen Materialien versehen.Feeding, scoring and eventually can lead to destruction of the engine. In order to improve the sliding behavior of piston rings relative to the cylinder wall, they were provided on the peripheral surface with coatings of different materials.
Kompressionsringe in hoch beanspruchten Motoren, wie beispielsweise Dieselmotoren oder 2-Takt Dieselmotoren, werden beispielsweise bevorzugt als Gusskolbenringe mit einer Lauffiächenbeschichtung, beispielsweise Chrom-Keramik-Beschichtung, thermische Spritzschicht, PVD-Schicht oder Einlaufschicht, ausgelegt.Compression rings in highly stressed engines, such as diesel engines or 2-stroke diesel engines, for example, preferably as cast piston rings with a Lauffiächenbeschichtung, such as chrome-ceramic coating, thermal spray coating, PVD layer or inlet layer, designed.
Weiterhin ist in der EP 1 384 794 Al ein Gusseisenwerkstoff für Kolbenringe beschrieben, der eine spezifische chemische Zusammensetzung aufweist und einer Wärmebehandlung unterworfen wird, die eine Austenisierungsbehandlung, gefolgt von einem isothermalen Härtungsverfahren, umfasst. Durch den Einsatz von Kugelgraphit¬ bildenden Zusätzen wird ein sphärolitischer Werkstoff erhalten. Bei Kolbenringen muss der Gusseisenwerkstoff eine Matrix aus Perlit mit geringen Anteilen von Ferrit aufweisen, um eine optimale Wärmebehandlung zu erfahren. Durch eine derartige Wärmebehandlung können zwar die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Gusseisenwerkstoffen verbessert werden, aber die Kosten der Wärmebehandlung verteuern das Produkt.Further, EP 1 384 794 A1 discloses a cast iron material for piston rings which has a specific chemical composition and is subjected to a heat treatment comprising an austenizing treatment followed by an isothermal hardening process. The use of spheroidal graphite-forming additives results in a spherulitic material. For piston rings, the cast iron material must have a matrix of pearlite with small amounts of ferrite for optimum heat treatment. Although such a heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties of cast iron materials, the cost of the heat treatment makes the product more expensive.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Gusseisenwerkstoff bereitzustellen, der eine erhöhte Verschleißbeständigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit aufweist, ohne dass die Herstellungskosten erhöht sind sowie einen Kolbenring bereitzustellen, der ein vermindertes Bruchrisiko aufweist und bei gestiegener mechanisch-dynamischer Belastung das weitere Funktionsverhalten über lange Lebensdauern garantiert.Object of the present invention is to provide a cast iron material having an increased wear resistance and corrosion resistance, without the Manufacturing costs are increased and to provide a piston ring, which has a reduced risk of breakage and guarantees the increased functional performance over long lifetimes with increased mechanical-dynamic load.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch einen Gusseisenwerkstoff gemäß Anspruch 1, einen Kolbenring gemäß Anspruch 11 gelöst.According to the invention the object is achieved by a cast iron material according to claim 1, a piston ring according to claim 11.
In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausfuhrungsformen der Erfindung enthalten.In the dependent claims advantageous embodiments of the invention are included.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Gusseisenwerkstoff bereitgestellt, der eine Matrix aufweist, die nadeligen Ferrit und/oder Martensit mit Anteilen aus Austenit und/oder Perlit umfasst. Insbesondere weist die Matrix Phasenanteile auf, die im Matrixgefüge derart eingestellt sind, dass ein Phasengemisch > 50 % nadeligen Ferrit, < 20 % Austenit, < 30 % Martensit, < 50 % Perlit und < 15 % Karbide umfasst. Bei bevorzugten Ausführungsformen sind die Anteile des Phasengemischs wie folgt: > 65 % nadeligen Ferrit, < 5 % Austenit, < 10 % Martensit, < 10 % Perlit und < 7 % Karbide. Bei dem Ferrit kann es sich dabei um zementitfreien nadeligen Ferrit oder zementithaltigen nadeligen Ferrit und deren Mischungen handeln. Der erfindungsgemäße Gusseisenwerkstoff weist bevorzugt die folgende chemische Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% auf: Kohlenstoff 3,0 bis 4,2; Silizium 1,0 bis 3,5; Mangan max. 1,0; Phosphor max. 0,4; Schwefel max. 0,1; Chrom max. 5,0; Kupfer max. 3,0; Magnesium max. 0,08; Zinn max. 0,3; Molybdän max. 3,0; Vanadium max. 1,0, Nickel 1,0 bis 6,0; Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen. Dieser Gusseisenwerkstoff zeichnet sich insbesondere durch eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit, Verschleißbeständigkeit und Biegebruchfestigkeit aus. Gleichzeitig verfügt der erfindungsgemäße Gusseisenwerkstoff über eine hervorragende Zähigkeit, was sich insbesondere positiv auf die Bruchneigung auswirkt.According to the invention, a cast iron material is provided which has a matrix comprising needle-like ferrite and / or martensite with proportions of austenite and / or pearlite. In particular, the matrix has phase components which are adjusted in the matrix structure such that a phase mixture comprises> 50% needle-like ferrite, <20% austenite, <30% martensite, <50% pearlite and <15% carbides. In preferred embodiments, the proportions of the phase mixture are as follows:> 65% needlead ferrite, <5% austenite, <10% martensite, <10% perlite and <7% carbides. The ferrite can be cementite-free needle-like ferrite or cemented needle-like ferrite and mixtures thereof. The cast iron material according to the invention preferably has the following chemical composition in% by weight: carbon 3.0 to 4.2; Silicon 1.0 to 3.5; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.4; Sulfur max. 0.1; Chrome max. 5.0; Copper max. 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.3; Molybdenum max. 3.0; Vanadium max. 1.0, nickel 1.0 to 6.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities. This cast iron material is characterized in particular by a high corrosion resistance, wear resistance and bending strength. At the same time, the cast iron material according to the invention has excellent toughness, which has a particularly positive effect on the tendency to fracture.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist der Gusseisenwerkstoff die folgende Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% auf: Kohlenstoff 3,0 bis 4,0; Silizium 1,0 bis 3,0; Mangan max. 1,0; Phosphor max. 0,3; Schwefel max. 0,05; Chrom max. 0,5; Kupfer 0,5 bis 3,0; Magnesium max. 0,08; Zinn max. 0,25; Vanadium max. 0,1, Molybdän max. 0,08; Nickel 1,0 bis 4,0; Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen. Die Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Gusseisenwerkstoffs können weiterhin spezifisch gesteuert werden, in dem die Art der im Werkstoff vorliegenden Graphitausbildung sphärolitisch und/ oder vermicullar oder lamellar variiert wird.In a preferred embodiment, the cast iron material has the following composition in weight percent: carbon 3.0 to 4.0; Silicon 1.0 to 3.0; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.3; Sulfur max. 0.05; Chrome max. 0.5; Copper 0.5 to 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.25; Vanadium max. 0.1, molybdenum max. 0.08; Nickel 1.0 to 4.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities. The properties of the cast iron material according to the invention can furthermore be controlled specifically in which the type of graphite formation present in the material is varied in a spherulitic and / or vermicullary or lamellar manner.
Vermiculargraphit ist „wurmförmiger" Graphit, welcher in seiner Morphologie zwischen Lamellengraphit und Kugelgraphit liegt und wird im allgemeinen mit GJV abgekürzt. Aufgrund der vermicularen Graphitausbildung weichen die Eigenschaften im wesentlichen vom Ferrit-/Perlit- Verhältnis im Grundgefüge sowie vom Anteil des begleitenden Kugelgraphits ab. Üblich sind hier 80-90% Vermiculargraphit, der Rest besteht aus Kugelgraphit. GJV eignet sich daher für thermisch beanspruchte, insbesondere temperaturwechselbeanspruchte Bauteile wie Kolbenringe.Vermicular graphite is "worm-shaped" graphite, which lies in its morphology between lamellar graphite and nodular graphite and is generally abbreviated GJV Because of the vermicular graphite formation, the properties differ substantially from the ferrite / pearlite ratio in the basic structure and from the proportion of the accompanying nodular graphite. Commonly used here are 80-90% vermicular graphite, the remainder being nodular graphite, which makes GJV suitable for thermally stressed components, such as piston rings, which are subject to high temperature changes.
Gusseisen mit sphärolitischer bzw. „kugelförmiger" Graphitausbildung ist auch als GJS bekannt. Bei diesem Werkstoff ist der Hauptanteil des Kohlenstoffs im Gusszustand in Form von Kugelgraphit ausgeschieden.Cast iron with spherulitic or "spherical" graphite formation is also known as GJS, in which the majority of the carbon in the casting state is precipitated in the form of spheroidal graphite.
Bei Gusseisenwerkstoffen mit lamellarer Graphitausbildung wird der Hauptanteil des Kohlenstoffes im Gusszustand in Form von Lamellen ausgeschieden. Ein derartiger Werkstoff ist auch als GJL bekannt.In cast iron materials with lamellar graphite formation, the majority of the carbon in the cast state is precipitated in the form of lamellae. Such a material is also known as GJL.
Ein lamellargraphitischer Gusseisenwerkstoff weist einen sehr guten Wärmeleitkoeffizienten und eine sehr gute Dämpfung auf, während ein sphärolitischer Gusseisenwerkstoff den Vorteil einer deutlich geminderten Kerbwirkung und deutlich höheren Zugfestigkeit und Duktilität aufweist. Ein vermiculargraphitischer Gusseisenwerkstoff weist höhere Festigkeitseigenschaften als andere Graphitausbildungen auf. Natürlich ist es möglich, einen Gusseisenwerkstoff mit verschiedenen Graphitausbildungen alleine sowie als Gemisch bereitzustellen. Verfahren sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Eine Graphitüberführung zu einem Gusseisenwerkstoff mit vermicularer Graphitausbildung (GJV) oder sphärolitischer Graphitausbildung (GJS) kann beispielsweise durch eine Mg-Behandlung, wie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist, erreicht werden. Beispiele für Modifikationsverfahren sind GF(Georg-Fischer)-Konverter, Sandwich, Durchfiuss, Fülldraht-Iηjektionsbehandlung. Der Gusseisenwerkstoff kann weiterhin ein Element enthalten, das ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Titan, Niob, Tantal, Wolfram, Bor, Tellur oder Bismut oder deren Kombinationen, insbesondere in einer Menge von bis zu 0,1 Gew.-%. Derartige Elemente bilden leicht Karbide und verbessern die Verschleißbeständigkeit. Weiterhin kann der Gusseisenwerkstoff einen Zusatzstoff enthalten, der ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Kobalt, Antimon, Calcium, Strontium, Aluminium, Lanthan, Cer, Seltenerdmetallen oder deren Kombinationen, bevorzugt in einer Menge von bis zu 0,1 Gew.-%. Seltenerdmetalle. Diese Elemente und Zusatzstoffe können herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen sein oder während des Verfahrens zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Gusseisenwerkstoffs zu der Schmelze zugegeben werden.A lamellargraphitic cast iron material has a very good coefficient of thermal conductivity and a very good damping, while a spherulitic cast iron material has the advantage of a significantly reduced notch effect and significantly higher tensile strength and ductility. A vermiculargraphitic cast iron material has higher strength properties than other graphite formations. Of course, it is possible to provide a cast iron material with various graphite formations alone as well as a mixture. Methods are known in the art. A graphite transfer to a cast iron material with vermicular graphite formation (GJV) or spherulitic graphite formation (GJS) can be achieved, for example, by a Mg treatment, as known from the prior art. Examples of modification methods are GF (Georg Fischer) converter, sandwich, flow through, cored wire injection treatment. The cast iron material may further contain an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, boron, tellurium or bismuth or combinations thereof, in particular in an amount of up to 0.1% by weight. Such elements easily form carbides and improve wear resistance. Furthermore, the cast iron material may contain an additive which is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, antimony, calcium, strontium, aluminum, lanthanum, cerium, rare earth metals or combinations thereof, preferably in an amount of up to 0.1% by weight. , Rare earth metals. These elements and additives can be impurities due to production or can be added to the melt during the process for producing the cast iron material according to the invention.
Weiterhin kann der Gusseisenwerkstoff Blei, Zink, Stickstoff und weitere nicht explizit genannte Inhaltsstoffe in einer Menge von bis zu 0,1 Gew.-% enthalten. Der Anteil an Ausgangsmaterialien, Bestandteilen, Inhaltstoffen, Elementen, Zusatzstoffen kann durch verschiedene, dem Fachmann bekannte Verfahren eingestellt werden. Die chemische Zusammensetzung wird insbesondere in Abhängigkeit vom Gussstückmodul eingestellt.Furthermore, the cast iron material may contain lead, zinc, nitrogen and other ingredients not explicitly mentioned in an amount of up to 0.1 wt .-%. The proportion of starting materials, constituents, ingredients, elements, additives can be adjusted by various methods known to the person skilled in the art. The chemical composition is adjusted in particular depending on the casting module.
Weiterhin ist der Gusseisenwerkstoff gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung insbesondere zur Herstellung von Kolbenringen geeignet. Zur Verbesserung der Verschleißfestigkeit können die Kolbenringe ebenfalls teil- oder ganzflächig, an ihren Laufflächen und/oder ihren Flankenflächen induktiv gehärtet, nitriert oder beschichtet sein. Durch die Gehalte an Nickel, Kupfer, Zinn und Chrom wird die Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Werkstoffs positiv beeinflusst. Dies ist insbesondere bei 2-Takt Motoren wichtig, weil die Kolbenringe dort aggressiven Medienausgesetzt sind, deshalb ist der erfindungsgemäßeFurthermore, the cast iron material according to the present invention is particularly suitable for the production of piston rings. To improve the wear resistance, the piston rings may also be partially or wholly, inductively hardened, nitrided or coated on their running surfaces and / or their flank surfaces. The contents of nickel, copper, tin and chrome have a positive influence on the corrosion resistance of the material. This is particularly important for 2-stroke engines, because the piston rings are exposed there aggressive media, therefore, the inventive
Gusseisenwerkstoff bestens als Grundstruktur für einen Kolbenring geeignet.Cast iron material ideally suited as a basic structure for a piston ring.
Bei dem Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Gusseisenwerkstoffs wird zuerst eine Schmelze hergestellt. Die Schmelze weist bevorzugt die folgende Zusammensetzung in Gew.-% auf: Kohlenstoff 3,0 bis 4,2; Silizium 1,0 bis 3,5; Mangan max. 1,0; Phosphor max. 0,4; Schwefel max. 0,1; Chrom max. 5,0; Kupfer max. 3,0; Magnesium max. 0,08; Zinn max. 0,3; Vanadium max. 1,0, Molybdän max. 3,0; Nickel 1,0 bis 6,0; Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen. Anschließend wird ein Rohling unter Erstarrung der Schmelze hergestellt.In the method for producing the cast iron material of the present invention, a melt is first prepared. The melt preferably has the following composition in weight percent: carbon 3.0 to 4.2; Silicon 1.0 to 3.5; Manganese max. 1.0; Phosphorus max. 0.4; Sulfur max. 0.1; Chrome max. 5.0; Copper max. 3.0; Magnesium max. 0.08; Tin max. 0.3; Vanadium max. 1.0, molybdenum max. 3.0; nickel 1.0 to 6.0; Remaining iron and manufacturing impurities. Subsequently, a blank is produced with solidification of the melt.
Der Rohling kann dann gemäß im Stand der Technik bekannten Methoden zu einem Kolbenring weiterverarbeitet werden.The blank may then be further processed into a piston ring according to methods known in the art.
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung des GusseisenwerkstofFs erfolgt ohne weitere Wärmebehandlung. Bei größeren Abmessungen (Mo 1,5 cm) ist keine zusätzliche Wärmebehandlung erforderlich. Bei kleineren Abmessungen kann ein zusätzliches Anlassen nötig sein, aber ein Vergüten ist nicht mehr notwendig. Das Anlassen erfolgt dann gegebenenfalls bei Temperaturen von < 700 0C.The process for producing the cast iron material is carried out without further heat treatment. For larger dimensions (Mo 1.5 cm), no additional heat treatment is required. For smaller dimensions, additional tempering may be necessary, but annealing is no longer necessary. The tempering then takes place optionally at temperatures of <700 0 C.
Fig. 1 zeigt die Gussstruktur eines erfϊndungsgemäßen Gusseisenwerkstoffs in einer Vergrößerung von 500: 1 , der mit Nital 2% geätzt worden ist.1 shows the cast structure of a cast iron material according to the invention in a magnification of 500: 1, which has been etched with Nital 2%.
Das folgende Beispiel erläutert die Erfindung ohne sie zu beschränken.The following example illustrates the invention without limiting it.
Beispielexample
Gussstückmodul M : 1,5 cmCasting module M: 1.5 cm
Chemische Zusammensetzung:Chemical composition:
Das Grundgefüge besteht aus ca. 60 % nadeligem zementreichem und zementitfreiem Ferrit , ca. 20 % Perlit, ca. 10 % Martensit, <3 % Austenit und <7 % Karbiden. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Kolbenrings sind wie folgt: Die Härte ist 320HB2.5, die Biegebruchfestigkeit ist >1100 MPa, wobei die exakte Biegebruchfestigkeit aufgrund der hohen Duktilität des Werkstoffs schwer zu ermitteln ist.The basic structure consists of approx. 60% needle-like cement-rich and cementite-free ferrite, approx. 20% perlite, approx. 10% martensite, <3% austenite and <7% carbides. The mechanical properties of the piston ring are as follows: The hardness is 320HB2.5, the bending strength is> 1100 MPa, the exact bending strength is difficult to determine due to the high ductility of the material.
Die Gussstruktur des in dem Beispiel aufgezeigten Gusswerkstoffs, der mit Nital 2% geätzt worden ist, ist in Fig. 1 in einer Vergrößerung von 500: 1 gezeigt. The cast structure of the casting material shown in the example, which has been etched with Nital 2%, is shown in Fig. 1 at a magnification of 500: 1.
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE502005007995T DE502005007995D1 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-05-04 | HIGH- AND WEAR-RESISTANT, CORROSION-RESISTANT CAST IRON MATERIAL |
| EP05747731A EP1776487B1 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-05-04 | High-strength, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cast iron material |
| JP2007526221A JP5345316B2 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-05-04 | High hardness wear resistance Corrosion resistance cast iron |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE200410040056 DE102004040056A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2004-08-18 | High- and wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cast iron material |
| DE102004040056.3 | 2004-08-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006018054A1 true WO2006018054A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
Family
ID=34979703
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2005/004884 Ceased WO2006018054A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-05-04 | High-strength, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant cast iron material |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1776487B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5345316B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE102004040056A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006018054A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2360997C1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-07-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron |
| RU2362827C1 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-07-27 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron |
| RU2391438C1 (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2010-06-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron |
| RU2397265C1 (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2010-08-20 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Iron |
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| JP2011075071A (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2011-04-14 | Nuovo Pignone Holding Spa | Packing box casing for reciprocating compressor |
| RU2475565C1 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-02-20 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast-iron |
| RU2475566C1 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-02-20 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast-iron |
| RU2508416C1 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-02-27 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron |
| RU2527572C1 (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2014-09-10 | Виктор Анатольевич Кузнецов | Antifriction vast iron |
| RU2525980C1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-08-20 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron |
| RU2529343C1 (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-09-27 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron |
| RU2554234C1 (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-06-27 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron |
| CN105483508B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2018-03-13 | 常州朗锐铸造有限公司 | Alloy vermicular graphite cast iron for railway vehicle brake disc and smelting method thereof |
| RU2602587C1 (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2016-11-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ИТЦМ МЕТАЛЛУРГ" | Austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron |
| CN105603295B (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2017-07-11 | 上海安投机械配件有限公司 | Seeder mo(u)lded piece |
| CN105734399B (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-11-14 | 承德荣茂铸钢有限公司 | A kind of austenic globe body abrading-ball used suitable for semi-autogenous mill and processing technology |
| DE102016107944A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Duktus (Production) Gmbh | Method for producing a component of ductile cast iron and ductile cast iron component |
| RU2624542C1 (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-07-04 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron |
| EP3243920B1 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2020-04-29 | GF Casting Solutions Kunshan Co. Ltd. | Spheroidal cast alloy |
| KR102012428B1 (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-08-20 | 전범서 | C/V Griphite Cast Iron of Main Control Valve Housing |
| CN111235471A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-06-05 | 上海波赫驱动系统有限公司 | Piston material for low-rotation-speed large-torque radial motor and preparation method thereof |
| JP7766565B2 (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2025-11-10 | 芝浦機械株式会社 | Flake graphite cast iron product and its manufacturing method |
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| US3000770A (en) * | 1953-11-16 | 1961-09-19 | Eisenwerke Gelsenkirchen Ag Fa | Malleable white cast iron alloys |
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- 2004-08-18 DE DE200410040056 patent/DE102004040056A1/en not_active Ceased
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- 2005-05-04 JP JP2007526221A patent/JP5345316B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-04 WO PCT/EP2005/004884 patent/WO2006018054A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-05-04 EP EP05747731A patent/EP1776487B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-05-04 DE DE502005007995T patent/DE502005007995D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| US4838956A (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1989-06-13 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Method of producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron |
| EP1460138A1 (en) * | 1996-09-02 | 2004-09-22 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | A process for preparing a thixocast semi-molten casting material |
| US6209881B1 (en) * | 1997-05-17 | 2001-04-03 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Cast-iron piston ring |
| EP1384794A1 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-01-28 | Erre-Vis S.p.A. | Spheroidal cast iron particulary for piston rings and method for its production |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2360997C1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-07-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron |
| RU2362827C1 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-07-27 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron |
| RU2391438C1 (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2010-06-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Cast iron |
| RU2397265C1 (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2010-08-20 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Iron |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5345316B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
| EP1776487A1 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
| DE502005007995D1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
| DE102004040056A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
| EP1776487B1 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
| JP2008510072A (en) | 2008-04-03 |
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