WO2006000691A1 - Support d'epitaxie hybride et son procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Support d'epitaxie hybride et son procede de fabrication Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006000691A1 WO2006000691A1 PCT/FR2005/001353 FR2005001353W WO2006000691A1 WO 2006000691 A1 WO2006000691 A1 WO 2006000691A1 FR 2005001353 W FR2005001353 W FR 2005001353W WO 2006000691 A1 WO2006000691 A1 WO 2006000691A1
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- substrate
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- nitride
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- monocrystalline
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneindigane Chemical compound [In]#N NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010070 molecular adhesion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 69
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001534 heteroepitaxy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001657 homoepitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/36—Carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
- C30B29/406—Gallium nitride
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/76—Making of isolation regions between components
- H01L21/762—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers
- H01L21/7624—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology
- H01L21/76251—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology using bonding techniques
- H01L21/76254—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology using bonding techniques with separation/delamination along an ion implanted layer, e.g. Smart-cut, Unibond
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D30/015—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having heterojunction interface channels or heterojunction gate electrodes, e.g. HEMT
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/40—FETs having zero-dimensional [0D], one-dimensional [1D] or two-dimensional [2D] charge carrier gas channels
- H10D30/47—FETs having zero-dimensional [0D], one-dimensional [1D] or two-dimensional [2D] charge carrier gas channels having 2D charge carrier gas channels, e.g. nanoribbon FETs or high electron mobility transistors [HEMT]
- H10D30/471—High electron mobility transistors [HEMT] or high hole mobility transistors [HHMT]
- H10D30/475—High electron mobility transistors [HEMT] or high hole mobility transistors [HHMT] having wider bandgap layer formed on top of lower bandgap active layer, e.g. undoped barrier HEMTs such as i-AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
- H10D30/4755—High electron mobility transistors [HEMT] or high hole mobility transistors [HHMT] having wider bandgap layer formed on top of lower bandgap active layer, e.g. undoped barrier HEMTs such as i-AlGaN/GaN HEMTs having wide bandgap charge-carrier supplying layers, e.g. modulation doped HEMTs such as n-AlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/85—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs
- H10D62/8503—Nitride Group III-V materials, e.g. AlN or GaN
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of epitaxial techniques, in particular with a view to producing layers of materials such as gallium nitride (GaN), aluminum nitride (AlN), indium nitride (InN) or their compounds. It also relates to the field of radio-frequency and hyper-frequency circuits based on materials such as GaN, AlN and their compounds. There is as yet no ingot drawing method similar to that of silicon to obtain monocrystalline substrates of GaN or other nitrides. These materials are mainly obtained by the formation of a thin film by hetero-epitaxy on substrates essentially of sapphire (Al 2 Cb) but also in some cases of silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon (Si).
- GaN gallium arsenide
- patteming pattern
- the GaN has characteristics, such as in particular the energy gap, the breakdown field and the charge carrier saturation rate, which are very interesting from the point of view of the high-frequency applications of power.
- SiC also has very interesting properties, the main advantage of SiC with respect to GaN being its thermal conductivity, which is more than 4 times higher than that of GaN. This criterion is important for the operation of power components, since the natural heating of the component must be evacuated to the maximum so as not to influence its operation. Nitrides, and in particular GaN and its compounds are obtained by hetero-epitaxy on a foreign material.
- the main materials used as substrate or thin film epitaxy support are sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ), silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon (111) (Si). These three materials are used for example to produce single layers of GaN or more complex stacks of hetero-structures and superstructures for light-emitting diodes, lasers, radio and microwave components, etc. Silicon is very advantageous because of its ease of obtaining, its low cost and complete control of micro-manufacturing technologies for this material. However, the quality of the GaN layers obtained on Si (111) suffers from the difference in mesh parameter and the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between silicon and GaN. Like silicon, SiC has a coefficient of thermal expansion lower than that of GaN.
- the GaN film epitaxied on silicon carbide is therefore in tension when the temperature is lowered after the step epitaxy performed at high temperature. But this effect is more pronounced on silicon since the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion is greater between Si and GaN than between SiC and GaN.
- the GaN voltage layer therefore has a tendency to increase its defectivity on silicon and even to crack during cooling. For this reason, but also because of the hexagonal crystalline structure of the SiC and its mesh parameter, close to that of GaN, we obtain on the SiC layers of better quality than on silicon.
- Sapphire gives good quality epitaxial layers because, unlike silicon and SiC, it has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than GaN, which makes it possible to maintain the epitaxial layer of GaN in compression when goes down the temperature after epitaxy.
- This state of compression is the best way to limit the appearance of defects in the GaN layer and, in particular, the cracking of the film as in the case of SiC. Since this possible cracking is linked to a limited thickness of GaN, the use of sapphire makes it possible to obtain thicker layers without cracking or appearance of defects. However, the thickening of the layer makes it possible to partially reduce the defectivity (by annihilation between defects) induced by the difference in crystal lattice parameter between the epitaxial material and the substrate. It is thus possible to obtain epitaxial layers on sapphire of the same crystalline quality as on SiC. Currently, most of the GaN heteroepitaxies are carried out on SiC or sapphire substrates, whatever the intended application.
- a large number of advanced epitaxial techniques such as the use of more or less complex buffer layer, lateral growth epitaxy (Lateral Epitaxial OverGrowth) or even pendéo-epitaxy, made it possible to obtain layers with fewer and fewer defects and increasingly complex and efficient components, such as quantum super lattice lasers or high mobility electron transistors (HEMTs).
- the technique giving the best layers of GaN is of course homoepitaxy, that is to say the epitaxy of GaN on a GaN substrate. These GaN substrates are for the moment also obtained from heterogeneous epitaxy and many crystal defects are present in these substrates.
- Sapphire is naturally insulating and, as already explained above, allows to obtain GaN layers and its compounds of good quality, but its thermal conduction limits the evacuation of heat.
- SiC has a thermal conductivity more than 10 times higher than that of sapphire and thus ensures very good heat dissipation for GaN-based high-power power components.
- SiC silicon carbide
- epitaxial techniques now exist to obtain layers with a minimum of defects.
- SiC is little used because of its excessively high price. Indeed, for example, for heteroepitaxy treatments, an SiC substrate costs between 10 times for plates (wafers) and 50 times for semi-insulating plates the price of a sapphire substrate. This extra cost induced by the use of SiC limits the use of this type of substrate for high-frequency power applications.
- massive GaN substrates still have too many disadvantages to constitute an industrial solution. Indeed, these substrates have lower thermal properties than SiC, in particular its thermal conductivity is of the order of that of Si.
- a hybrid epitaxial support composed of a thin layer of a semi-insulating or insulating material, preferably of SiC or GaN, is produced on a support of polycrystalline material having a high thermal conductivity.
- An embodiment of a method according to the invention therefore comprises: the formation, in a first SiC or conductive monocrystalline GaN substrate, of an insulating SiC or GaN monocrystalline layer, the transfer of this layer of SiC or monocrystalline GaN onto a second polycrystalline ceramic material substrate having a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 1.5 W.cm ⁇ .K "1.
- the cost of producing the epitaxial support is significantly reduced.
- the cost of a conductive SiC substrate is 5 times less than that of a semi-insulating SiC substrate, and in the case of GaN, the formation of a GaN semi-insulating layer in a conductive GaN substrate to obtain GaN substrates with an electrical conductivity compatible with high-frequency power applications, which is impossible with the GaN currently available in massive form
- the coating e SiC or monocrystalline GaN can be achieved by ion implantation of hydrogen or rare gas such as helium or argon, or a combination of hydrogen / rare gas (co-implantation) in the first monocrystalline SiC substrate conductor or monocrystalline GaN conductor.
- This embodiment has the advantage that the SiC or the initially conducting GaN becomes, after the implantation, insulating or semi-insulating, whatever the polytype of the SiC used initially for the first substrate.
- This high resistivity of the transferred thin film will therefore be retained after, for example, epitaxial growth.
- a nitride GaN, AlN, InN or compounds.
- the second substrate on which the insulating monocrystalline SiC layer is reported may be a polycrystalline SiC substrate having an electrical resistivity of at least 10 4 ⁇ .cm or a polycrystalline AIN substrate insulating or having an electrical resistivity of at least 10 4 ⁇ .cm.
- Polycrystalline SiC has the same thermal expansion and thermal conductivity properties as monocrystalline SiC, and can be obtained in semi-insulating form, with a resistivity greater than or equal to 10 4 ⁇ .cm, for example between 10 4 ⁇ .cm and 10 5 ⁇ .cm.
- the polycrystalline SiC therefore makes it possible to produce supports for radio and microwave circuits which have electrical and thermal properties equivalent to those obtained with monocrystalline SiC but at a much lower cost.
- the non-destructive separation of the monocrystalline SiC layer from a portion of the first substrate allows recycling or reuse of this portion of the first substrate, for example to make other epitaxial supports.
- the transfer of a monocrystalline SiC layer on a polycrystalline SiC support can be done directly without an intermediate layer, or via an insulating layer which may be silicon oxide, or silicon nitride or else other insulating materials with good thermal conductivity. Silicon nitride is particularly well suited for this type of application since it has a relatively high thermal conductivity of 0.3 W / cm / K which is notably greater than that of silicon oxide.
- the thickness of the intermediate insulating layer can be minimized (for example between 50 nm and 500 nm) to have a very small influence on the thermal evacuation, which will be mainly ensured by the polycrystalline SiC support (which may be several hundred micrometers thick).
- the transfer of the monocrystalline SiC layer may be carried out by fracturing the first substrate, for example along a layer or an embrittlement plane, and preferably at a temperature between 300 ° C. and 1100 ° C.
- transfer step of the monocrystalline SiC layer on the second substrate can be carried out by assembling the two substrates by molecular adhesion, be preceded by a chemical or mechanochemical cleaning step, and be followed by an annealing step at a temperature of between 900 ° C.
- the invention also relates to an epitaxial support comprising a substrate of polycrystalline material having a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 1.5 W.cm ⁇ .K "1 and an epitaxial growth layer of insulating SiC or monocrystalline GaN
- the substrate may be an insulating polycrystalline SiC substrate or a polycrystalline AIN substrate which is insulating or has an electrical resistivity of at least 10 4 ⁇ .cm.
- the substrate may be further formed with other ceramic materials having a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 1.5 W.cm ⁇ .K 1 and an electrical resistivity of at least 10 4 ⁇ .cm.
- the epitaxial support further comprises an insulating layer between the polycrystalline substrate and the monocrystalline silicon carbide layer which may be silicon oxide or silicon nitride.
- the thickness of the insulating layer may be between 10 nm and 3 ⁇ m.
- the invention further relates to an electronic structure comprising an epitaxial support as described above and at least one layer of a nitride material in which at least one electronic component is made.
- the material may be gallium nitride (GaN) or aluminum nitride (AIN) or indium nitride (InN) or gallium-indium nitride (InGaN) or a compound of gallium nitride and nitride of nitride.
- the layer of nitride material is obtained by epitaxial growth carried out on the epitaxial support described above.
- a conductive active layer is also produced on at least a portion of the nitride layer. This active layer can then be etched to form one or more electronic components such as an inductor, and / or a capacitance and / or a transmission line and / or a transistor.
- FIGS. 1A to 1F show stages of a process according to the invention
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show steps of epitaxy and of producing insulating structures using an epitaxial substrate according to the invention
- FIG. 3 is an example of a HEMT structure based on GaN and AIGaN.
- a first substrate 2 (FIG. 1A) is a standard conductive monocrystalline SiC silicon carbide of polytype 6H, 4H or 3C.
- the first substrate 2 may also be made of conductive monocrystalline GaN gallium nitride.
- the process steps described below in relation to a monocrystalline SiC substrate are implemented with a monocrystalline GaN substrate in place of the SiC substrate, the GaN substrate being a solid GaN substrate or a GaN substrate obtained by epitaxy on another substrate followed by implantation of hydrogen.
- a second substrate 4 is insulating polycrystalline SiC silicon carbide (typically with a resistivity of 10 4 ⁇ .cm or more). According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the second substrate 4 may also be polycrystalline aluminum nitride (AlN).
- layers 6, 8 are deposited or grown in an insulating material, for example of the silicon oxide or silicon nitride type. Other materials can be used if they are insulating and have good thermal conductivity (silicon oxynitride for example). The thickness of these layers may vary from 10 nm or from a few tens of nanometers to 1 ⁇ m or more than one micrometer, for example 3 ⁇ m.
- an atomic or ion implantation 10 forming a thin layer 12 which extends substantially parallel to a surface 13 of the substrate 2.
- a layer or an embrittlement or fracture plane delimiting in the volume of the substrate 2 a region 6, 14 intended to constitute a thin film and a region 15 constituting the mass of the substrate 2.
- This implantation is generally a hydrogen implantation, by example with a dose of between 1.10 16 and 1.10 17 H " / cm 2 and an energy of between 20 and 200 keV
- the implantation can also be made using other species, or with co-implantation H / He thus obtains a buried layer 12 of defects created by the implantation.
- This layer separates the substrate 2 from a monocrystalline SiC layer 14 having a thickness of between 10 nm and 1 ⁇ m, made semi-insulating by the ion implantation.
- different methods can be used to prepare their surfaces for bonding, for example: chemical cleaning of CARO or RCA type (SC1, SC2), so-called "UV-ozone” cleaning, surface activation by plasma, the chemical-mechanical polishing of layers 6 and 8, or the mechano-chemical cleaning of the "scrubber” type, or a combination of these different methods to achieve optimal bonding.
- the layer 6 and / or the layer 8 can be removed before bonding to obtain a molecular bonding adhesion according to all the possible configurations and, in particular, to have the possibility of direct bonding between the surfaces of the layer 14 and the substrate 4.
- the two substrates are then assembled (FIG. ID), followed by transfer annealing at a temperature of between 300 ° C. and 1100 ° C. for a duration ranging from a few minutes to several hours depending on the temperature.
- An example of a heat transfer process could be an annealing of 1 hour at 900 ° C., possibly combined with a feed. mechanical energy. This results in a separation along the embrittlement plane formed by the ionic layer 12.
- the two substrates 2 and 4 are assembled by a "wafer bonding" type technique or by adhering type contact, for example by molecular adhesion or by gluing.
- a wafer bonding technique for example by molecular adhesion or by gluing.
- adhering type contact for example by molecular adhesion or by gluing.
- a portion of the substrate 2 is then detached by a treatment for causing a fracture along the embrittlement plane 12.
- An example of this technique is described in the article by AJ. Auberton-Hervé et al. "Why can Smart-Cut change the future of microelectronics? Published in International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems, Vol. 10, No. 1 (2000), p. 131-146.
- the structure 16 (FIG. IE) is completely insulating (insulating substrate 4 and insulating layers 6 and 14). None of the following steps will change this property.
- a step of high temperature annealing can then be used (between 900 0 C to 1200 0 C) to enhance or eliminate the bonding interface to prevent, thereafter, any risk of delamination of the film 14.
- Oxidation sacrificial, or a chemical mechanical polishing step or a combination of these two techniques can be used to reduce the roughness of the surface 18, to achieve future epitaxies in the best possible conditions.
- the roughness of the surface 18 can also be reduced by a plasma dry etching step, by an ion beam etching step, or by annealing operations under a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- FIG. 1F monocrystalline SiC substrate 2
- FIG. 1F monocrystalline SiC substrate 2
- This recycling makes it possible in particular to greatly reduce the final cost of the structure 16.
- FIG. 2A an epitaxial layer 22, for example GaN or any material, in particular of the nitride type (InN or AIN or composed of GaN and AlN), for the production of the final components.
- the epitaxial technique used is for example the MOCVD or MBE or HVPE technique. It is also possible to produce complex structures, for example of the type comprising quantum wells or electron gases of high mobility.
- the epitaxy temperature not exceeding 1300 0 C for several hours, and in order to maintain the insulating character of the SiC layer 14.
- This temperature is for example between 700 0 C to 1200 0 C.
- a GaN semi-insulating layer 22 is first epitaxially grown and then a conductive active layer 24 comprising a high mobility electron gas for the future realization of a HEMT transistor.
- the final circuit can be manufactured (FIG. 2B) by deleting in particular the active layer by dry or wet etching, in the zones 30 where it is desired to make passive components (inductance, capacitance, transmission line, etc.).
- FIG. 3 represents a HEMT type structure in section, comprising an SiC substrate 4, provided with an insulating monocrystalline SiC layer 14, obtained according to the invention, and an epitaxial structure, comprising a layer 22 of GaN and a layer 23 in AIGaN.
- Layer 26 is a passivation layer.
- the references S, G and D respectively designate the source, the drain and the gate of the transistor obtained.
- the following table compares the proposed structure with semi-insulating SiC and sapphire.
- the structure proposed according to the invention (monocrystalline SiC layer insulating on SiC substrate or polycrystalline AIN) will have thermal characteristics (heat removal) and electrical characteristics (insulating nature of the structure) comparable to semi-insulating SiC, but at a much lower cost (about 3 times cheaper than with a monocrystalline semi-insulating SiC substrate), especially thanks to the possibility of recycling the monocrystalline SiC substrate 2 which accounts for most of the total cost of the structure.
- the semi-insulating GaN can not be obtained so far only by epitaxy and in the form of a thin film difficult to transfer from one medium to another (ie on a polycrystalline substrate SiC or AlN).
- the structure according to the invention is perfectly compatible with GaN epitaxy, in the same way as semi-insulating monocrystalline SiC. Its properties, such as its insulating nature, will not be modified during epitaxy.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007514028A JP2008501229A (ja) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-02 | ハイブリッドエピタキシー用支持体およびその製造方法 |
| EP05775231A EP1766676A1 (fr) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-02 | Support d'epitaxie hybride et son procede de fabrication |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0405992 | 2004-06-03 | ||
| FR0405992A FR2871172B1 (fr) | 2004-06-03 | 2004-06-03 | Support d'epitaxie hybride et son procede de fabrication |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006000691A1 true WO2006000691A1 (fr) | 2006-01-05 |
Family
ID=34946854
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2005/001353 WO2006000691A1 (fr) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-06-02 | Support d'epitaxie hybride et son procede de fabrication |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050269671A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1766676A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2008501229A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1985368A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2871172B1 (fr) |
| TW (1) | TW200614377A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006000691A1 (fr) |
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| JP2010514185A (ja) * | 2006-12-19 | 2010-04-30 | コミサリヤ・ア・レネルジ・アトミク | 注入によってGaN薄層を調製および出発基板を再利用するための方法 |
| FR3114911A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-06 | 2022-04-08 | Soitec | Procédé de fabrication d’un substrat pour la croissance épitaxiale d’une couche d’un alliage III-N à base de gallium |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009534289A (ja) * | 2006-04-25 | 2009-09-24 | オスラム オプト セミコンダクターズ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 結合体基板および結合体基板の製造方法 |
| US8502264B2 (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2013-08-06 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Composite substrate, and method for the production of a composite substrate |
| JP2010514185A (ja) * | 2006-12-19 | 2010-04-30 | コミサリヤ・ア・レネルジ・アトミク | 注入によってGaN薄層を調製および出発基板を再利用するための方法 |
| FR3114911A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-06 | 2022-04-08 | Soitec | Procédé de fabrication d’un substrat pour la croissance épitaxiale d’une couche d’un alliage III-N à base de gallium |
| WO2022074319A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-06 | 2022-04-14 | Soitec | Procédé de fabrication d'un substrat pour la croissance épitaxiale d'une couche d'un alliage iii-n à base de gallium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2871172A1 (fr) | 2005-12-09 |
| TW200614377A (en) | 2006-05-01 |
| JP2008501229A (ja) | 2008-01-17 |
| CN1985368A (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
| EP1766676A1 (fr) | 2007-03-28 |
| US20050269671A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
| FR2871172B1 (fr) | 2006-09-22 |
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