WO2005033368A2 - Dispositif et procede de raccordement d'anodes inertes destinees a la production d'aluminium par electrolyse ignee - Google Patents
Dispositif et procede de raccordement d'anodes inertes destinees a la production d'aluminium par electrolyse ignee Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005033368A2 WO2005033368A2 PCT/FR2004/002451 FR2004002451W WO2005033368A2 WO 2005033368 A2 WO2005033368 A2 WO 2005033368A2 FR 2004002451 W FR2004002451 W FR 2004002451W WO 2005033368 A2 WO2005033368 A2 WO 2005033368A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- conductor
- assembly
- manufacturing
- connection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/5313—Means to assemble electrical device
- Y10T29/532—Conductor
- Y10T29/53204—Electrode
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/5313—Means to assemble electrical device
- Y10T29/532—Conductor
- Y10T29/53209—Terminal or connector
Definitions
- the invention relates to the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis. It relates more particularly to the anodes used for this production and the electrical connection of these anodes to current supply conductors.
- Aluminum metal is produced industrially by igneous electrolysis, namely by electrolysis of alumina in solution in a bath based on molten cryolite, called electrolyte bath, in particular according to the well-known Hall-Héroult process.
- the electrolysis is carried out in cells comprising a crucible made of refractory material capable of containing the electrolyte, at least one cathode and at least one anode.
- the electrolysis current which circulates in the electrolyte via the anodes and cathodes, operates the aluminum reduction reactions and also makes it possible to maintain, by Joule effect, the electrolyte bath at the temperature of target operation, which is typically of the order of 950 ° C.
- the electrolysis cell is regularly supplied with alumina so as to compensate for the consumption of alumina produced by the electrolysis reactions.
- the anodes are made of carbon material and are consumed by the reduction reactions of aluminum. Consumption of carbonaceous material releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.
- inert anodes The environmental constraints and the costs associated with the manufacture and use of anodes in carbonaceous material have, for many decades, led aluminum producers to seek anodes in non-material consumables, called “inert anodes”.
- ceramic materials such as SnO 2 and ferrites
- metallic materials and composite materials such as materials - known under the name "cermet" - containing a ceramic phase and a metallic phase (especially nickel ferrites containing a metallic phase based on copper).
- inert anodes for the production of aluminum by electrolysis reside not only in the choice and manufacture of the material constituting the anode, but also in the electrical connection between each anode and the conductor or conductors intended for the electrical supply to the electrolysis cell.
- Several methods and connection devices have been proposed for inert anodes.
- US Patent 4,500,406 proposes using an anode having an active part, a metal part, suitable for connection, and a composition gradient between the active part and the metal part.
- US Patent 4,541,912 describes an assembly formed by hot isostatic compression of a cermet material on a metallic conductive substrate.
- US Patents 4,468,298, US 4,468,299 and US 4,468,300 describe seals formed by diffusion, friction or other welding.
- US Patent 4,457,811 describes a connection comprising one or more elastic strips welded to the interior or exterior surface of an anode. These solutions require a chemical reduction of the contact surface before the formation of the seals, which considerably complicates the manufacture of the anodes. These solutions also have the disadvantage of complicating the assembly of electrical connections.
- US patents US 4,357,226 and US 4,840,718 describe mechanical connections applicable to sets of solid anodes. These connection methods are complex.
- the subject of the invention is an anode assembly comprising at least one inert anode and at least one connection conductor intended for the electrical supply of the anode, characterized in that:
- the anode is hollow and takes the form of a pocket
- the contact surface between the conductor and the anode is located near (and typically on the periphery) of the anode opening
- the electrical and mechanical connection between the conductor and the anode comprises a brazed metal seal or may be formed by brazing in whole or in part during use.
- said brazed joint is capable of consolidating during the use of said assembly in an aluminum production cell by electrolysis.
- it advantageously comprises at least one element chosen from aluminum, silver, copper, magnesium, manganese, titanium and zinc.
- the anode typically takes the form of a cylindrical pocket, or "thimble", whose outer surface of the closed end is rounded, or rounded quadrangular whose angles of the outer surface of the closed end are rounded. These shapes make it possible to avoid disparities in local current density in use, when the closed end is immersed in an electrolyte bath based on molten salt.
- connection methods which bring the electric current directly to the center or near the part immersed in the bath, result in poor distribution of the current lines, in particular in the anodes having the shape of a pocket.
- this distribution of the current lines could lead to too low current densities in certain places (that is to say typically less than about 0.5 A / cm 2 ), which locally promotes corrosion. , and too strong in other places (that is to say typically greater than 1.5 A / cm 2 , or even greater than 2.5 A / cm 2 ), which locally accelerates the degradation by electrochemical dissolution.
- the Applicant has had the idea of using a brazed joint which consolidates during a heat treatment, either (in whole or in part) before using the assembly in an electrolysis cell, or (in all or part) in situ when using the assembly in an electrolysis cell.
- the brazed joint avoids putting under mechanical tension the part of the inert anode which is used for the mechanical connection.
- the brazed joint provides a common and efficient mechanical and electrical connection, which considerably simplifies the manufacturing process.
- This variant is also advantageous in that it allows the use of a mechanical assembly which is dimensioned so as to be sufficient to ensure satisfactory temporary mechanical maintenance of the anode until the consolidation of the brazed joint, but not necessarily sufficient to ensure all of the mechanical needs of the connection required during use, because the consolidation of the brazed joint provides the additional mechanical strength required in use.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing anode assemblies according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one anodic assembly according to the invention, or obtained by the manufacturing process of the invention, for the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis.
- the subject of the invention is also a cell for the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis comprising at least one anode assembly according to the invention or obtained by the manufacturing process of the invention.
- Figures 1 to 7 relate to the invention.
- Figures 1 and 3 to 6 illustrate anode assemblies according to the invention, seen in longitudinal section.
- Figure 2 illustrates two elements of the anodic assembly of Figure 1.
- Figure 7 illustrates the morphological evolution of the brazing material during brazing.
- the anode assembly (1) comprises at least one hollow inert anode (2), at least one connection conductor (3, 4, 4 ', 5) and at least one metallic joint which is brazed, or capable of be formed by brazing, (31) capable of ensuring a mechanical and electrical connection (30) between the conductor and the anode.
- the hollow shape of the anode makes it possible to limit the manufacturing cost and to free up a useful space (21) inside the latter.
- This space or cavity (21) can be used, for example, to introduce therein one or more heating resistors (9) intended to heat the anode before its immersion in the liquid electrolyte bath.
- the anode has an interior surface (210) and an exterior surface (230).
- the thickness E of the wall (23) of the anode may be different at different places in the anode.
- the thickness of the lateral part (23 ′) of the wall (23) of the anode may or may not be uniform.
- the anodes and the connection conductors have an axial symmetry with respect to a central axis A.
- the closed end (24) of the anode (2) has a surface (240), called “active”, intended to be immersed in an electrolyte bath based on molten salt.
- the active surface (240) of the anode is preferably free of sharp angles in order to avoid peak effects in the distribution of the electric current in use; it can be hemispherical or include polygons with rounded angles.
- the open end (22) of the anode (2) which is opposite the closed end (24), is used to make a mechanical and electrical connection to at least one connection conductor (3 , 4, 4 5).
- the seal (31) is located at the connection area (25) of the anode.
- the anode assembly (1) intended for an aluminum production cell by igneous electrolysis comprises: - at least one inert anode (2) in the form of a pocket, of length L, comprising a cavity ( 21), an open end (22) having an opening (200), a wall
- connection conductor (3, 4, 4 ', 5) comprising a connection end (42), and at least one mechanical connection means (44, 45, 46) capable of cooperating with the means or means of mechanical connections (26, 27, 28, 29) anode (2) so as to establish a mechanical connection between the conductor and the anode;
- the elements of the anode assembly according to the invention in particular said mechanical connection means (26, 27, 28, 29, 44, 45, 46), can be dimensioned so as to be sufficient to ensure only a satisfactory temporary mechanical maintenance of the anode until the brazed joint is consolidated, before use or during use in an electrolysis cell.
- Said seal (31) is located between all or part of at least one surface (20, 20 ', 20 ") of the open end (22) of the anode (2) and all or part of at least one surface (40, 40 ', 40 ") of the connection end (42) of the conductor (3, 4, 4', 5).
- connection conductor (3, 4, 4 ', 5) is intended for the electrical supply of the anode (2). It may include a central cavity (8).
- the nickel-based alloy is advantageously a UNS N06625 alloy, called “alloy 625”, and more advantageously a UNS N06025 alloy, called “alloy 602", whose added aluminum content gives it better resistance to hot corrosion.
- connection conductor (3, 4, 4 ', 5) may comprise an intermediate conductor (4), typically made of a nickel-based alloy, intended to establish the mechanical and electrical connection with the anode, and a conductor "exterior" (5) intended for the mechanical support of the anode assembly and for the electrical connection to the exterior of the electrolysis cell, generally by means of exterior connection (6).
- the connection conductor (3, 4, 4 ', 5) can comprise two or more intermediate conductors (4, 4').
- the parts (3, 4, 4 ', 5) are fixed to one another by one or more intermediate connections (7).
- connection conductor typically has an elongated shape, possibly tubular.
- the mechanical connection means (26, 27, 28, 29) of the anode (2) are located near the open end (22). They cover part of the open end (22) of the anode typically representing less than 10%, or even less than 5%, of the total length L of the anode.
- the total area of the connection surface (s) (20, 20 ', 20 ") of the anode is such that, at the nominal current in use, the surface current density is preferably between 1 and 50 A / cm 2 , more preferably between 2 and 20 A / cm 2 , and more preferably between 5 and 15 A / cm 2. This represents surface values typically between 1 and 20 %, or even between 5% and 15%, of the total area of the external surface (230) of the anode.
- the mechanical connection means (26, 27, 28, 29) of the anode (2) typically comprise at least one element chosen from the flanges (26), the annular cavities (27), the annular grooves (28) and the annular shoulders (29). These shapes are easy to obtain on inert anodes with axial symmetry.
- the mechanical connection means (44, 45, 46) of the conductor (3, 4, 4 ', 5) are preferably located near the connection end (42).
- the mechanical connection means (44, 45, 46) of the conductor (3, 4, 4 ', 5) typically comprise at least one element chosen from annular grooves (44), skirts (45) and annular shoulders (46). These shapes are easy to obtain - typically by turning - on metal parts with axial symmetry.
- the means for connecting the anode (26, 27, 28, 29) and the conductor (44, 45, 46) advantageously cooperate by at least one of the means chosen from screwing, snapping, friction, insertion or the fitting. Insertion and fitting can be carried out after heating the anode and / or the connecting conductor.
- the anode assembly (1) may include one or more complementary assembly means (34, 340, 36), such as one or more clamping rings (34, 340) and one or more open or closed rings (36) .
- connection surfaces (20) located near the opening (200) of the anode (2) are advantageously inclined (typically with respect to the axis A of the assembly) so as to prevent the flow of material brazing (31 ') in the cavity (21) during brazing and / or using the anode assembly.
- connection surface (s) (20, 20 ', 20 ") of the anode (2) typically comprise) at least one flat surface element (20) whose tangent forms an angle ⁇ of between 45 ° and 90 °, or even between 60 ° and 90 °, with the main axis A of the anode.
- connection surfaces (20, 20 ′, 20 ") are typically at least partially on the external surface (230) of the anode (2) when the constituent material of the anode has a lower coefficient of expansion than that of the constituent material of the connection conductor; they are typically at least partially on the inner surface (210) of the anode otherwise.
- the anode assembly (1) may also include at least one complementary seal (33) intended to confine the brazed seal (31), generally by a limitation of the flow of brazing material. This flow can occur during heat treatment or during use.
- the complementary seal (33) is typically chosen from rings and open or closed rings.
- the complementary seal (33) can be metallic or non-metallic.
- the assembly of the conductor (3, 4, 4 ', 5) and the anode (2) does not involve any tightening or stress between the conductor and anode.
- connection means (26, 27, 28, 29, 44, 45, 46) are located in a part of the cell at least partially isolated from corrosive gases and at a temperature significantly lower than that of the bath (and preferably less than 850 ° C), which is achieved by adapting the length L of the inert anode.
- the periphery of the opening (200) of the anode (2) comprises a flange (26) turned towards the outside of the anode and an annular cavity ( 27), also facing the outside of the anode.
- the connection conductor (3, 4, 5) has an inwardly threaded skirt (45).
- the connection means further comprise a clamping ring (34) threaded towards the outside and capable of being screwed inside the skirt (45).
- the metal seal (31) is formed from a brazing material in the form of a thin and flat ring, placed in the space (32) between the connection surfaces ( 20, 20 ") and (40, 40").
- the connection means may comprise a ring (33) to limit the flow of the brazing material.
- the threaded clamping ring (34) is screwed inside the skirt (45) so as to bring the connecting surfaces (20, 20 "closer to the soldering ring) ) and (40, 40 ").
- the connection surfaces can optionally be brought into contact with, or supported on, the soldering ring.
- the metal seal (31) can be formed from a brazing material wholly or partly from at least one reservoir (35).
- the space (32, 32 ') is intended to accumulate the brazing material and to form a joint (31) during the brazing.
- the surface (20) near the opening (200) is preferably inclined so as to prevent the flow of the brazing material into the cavity (21) of the anode.
- the threaded clamping ring (34) is screwed inside the skirt (45) so as to bring the connecting surfaces (20, 20 ') and (40, 40') from each other while leaving a space (32, 32 ') intended to accumulate the brazing material and to form a joint (31) during brazing.
- the periphery of the opening (200) of the anode (2) comprises an annular groove (28) turned towards the outside of the anode.
- the connection conductor (3, 4, 5) comprises a skirt (45) provided with an annular groove (44) facing inwards.
- the connection means further comprise a snap ring (36) capable of cooperating with the annular grooves (28) and (44) so as to establish a mechanical connection between the conductor (4) and the anode (2).
- the anode (2) is inserted inside the skirt (45) until the grooves (28) and (44) click into place before the brazing operation.
- the connection surfaces (20, 20 ') and (40, 40') form a space (32).
- the periphery of the opening (200) of the anode (2) comprises a flange (26) turned towards the outside of the anode and an annular cavity (27), also facing the outside of the anode.
- the connection conductor (3, 4, 4 ', 5) comprises a skirt (45) to which a clamping ring (340) can be fixed, typically by means of fixing means (37) such as bolts. Before the brazing operation, the clamping ring (340) is fixed to the skirt (45) so as to trap the collar (26) while leaving a space (32, 32 ') intended to accumulate the brazing material and forming a joint (31) during brazing.
- the junction between the conductor (4) and the anode (2) remains loose until soldering.
- the connection means may comprise a ring ( Figures 1 and 5) or a ring ( Figure 3) (33) to limit the flow of the brazing material.
- the connecting conductor (4) has an annular shoulder (46) capable of cooperating with an annular shoulder (29) corresponding to the anode (2).
- These shoulders have dimensions such that the assembly can be done by hot expansion of one of the two parts: (A) hot, the space G between the parts is sufficient to allow insertion of the anode in the conductor; (B) when cold, the shoulders are inserted into one another and allow temporary mechanical support until the brazed joint is consolidated (31).
- the heating temperature, for assembly is preferably lower than the melting temperature of the brazing material in order to prevent it from flowing during assembly.
- the space (32 ') between certain facing surfaces (20', 40 ') intended to be brazed can be substantially vertical or conical.
- the brazing material can change position and shape during brazing.
- the brazing material which initially has an initial shape and a determined initial position (31 ′) (FIG. 7 A)
- the initial position may be in whole or in part in a reservoir (35).
- the anode assembly may include a thermal insulator (10) in the central cavity (21) of the anode, in order to avoid, in particular, overheating the external connection conductor (5) by the internal radiation of the anode.
- the anode (2) is typically chosen from anodes comprising a ceramic material, the anodes comprising a metallic material and the anodes comprising a cermet material.
- the method of manufacturing an anode assembly (1) comprises: - the supply of at least one inert anode (2) in the form of a pocket, of length L, comprising a cavity (21), one open end (22) having an opening (200), a wall (23) surrounding the cavity (21), a closed end (24), and at least one mechanical connection means (26, 27, 28, 29); - the supply of at least one connection conductor (3, 4, 4 5) comprising a connection end (42), and at least one mechanical connection means (44, 45, 46) capable of cooperating with the one or more mechanical connection means (26, 27, 28, 29) of the anode (2) so as to establish a mechanical connection between the conductor and the anode; - the supply of at least one brazing material capable of forming a metal joint;
- brazing material (s) at a determined location near at least one of the surfaces (20, 20 ', 20 ") of the open end (22) of the anode (2) or of the surfaces (40, 40 ', 40 ") of the connection end (42) of the conductor (3, 4, 4', 5) intended to be connected by soldering; - the assembly of the conductor (3, 4, 4 ', 5) and the anode (2) so as to bring said surfaces (20, 20', 20 ", 40, 40 ', 40") closer together;
- a heat treatment capable of causing the formation of a brazed joint (31) between the conductor and the anode from the brazing material or materials.
- the brazed joint (31) is formed between said surfaces (20, 20 ', 20 ", 40, 40', 40") and thus constitutes a mechanical and electrical connection between the conductor and the anode.
- the assembly operation of the conductor (3, 4, 4 5) and the anode (2) preferably produces a loose assembly, which only stiffens during the heat treatment.
- This variant avoids mechanical stresses.
- the composition of the brazing material, or of one of the brazing materials is capable of being modified during the heat treatment so as to increase the melting temperature thereof up to a value greater than the maximum temperature undergone by said brazed joint (31) during use. This modification consolidates the joint. It can be obtained by at least one of the following mechanisms:
- Said constituent element can be, for example, aluminum, zinc, magnesium or phosphorus;
- said exchange can take place from the brazing material to the adjoining surface and / or from the adjoining surface to the brazing material. In the latter case, it is possible to coat all or part of said surfaces (20, 20 ', 20 ", 40, 40', 40") with a material comprising an element, such as nickel, capable of diffusing into the soldering material.
- the exchange can possibly take place via redox reactions. More precisely, said composition can contain at least one element capable of being exchanged by at least one redox reaction with said inert anode (2), said element being typically chosen from magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, titanium. , zirconium, hafi ium and zinc.
- brazing materials chosen from alloys or mixtures comprising copper, silver, manganese and / or zinc.
- Said surfaces (20, 20 ', 20 “, 40, 40', 40”) may be coated, in whole or in part, with a material wettable by the brazing material or materials.
- the brazing material or materials are introduced, in whole or in part, into the space which separates the surfaces (20, 20 ', 20 ") and (40, 40', 40") intended to be brazed.
- said positioning includes the introduction of at least part of the brazing material or materials between all or part of at least one surface (20, 20 ′, 20 ") of the open end (22) of the anode (2) and all or part of at least one surface (40, 40 ', 40 ") of the connection end (42) of the conductor (3, 4, 4', 5) .
- the conductor (3, 4, 4 ′, 5) comprises at least one reservoir (35), said installation comprises the introduction of at least one brazing material into at least a tank (35) before the heat treatment, and the assembly of the conductor (3, 4, 4 ', 5) and the anode (2) is carried out so as to leave a free space (32, 32') between the conductor and the anode.
- the brazing material or materials are introduced between all or part of at least one surface (20, 20 ', 20 ") of the open end (22) of the anode (2) and all or part of at least a surface (40, 40 ', 40 ") of the connection end (42) of the conductor (3, 4, 4', 5) by flow of said material during the heat treatment.
- the heat treatment is advantageously carried out during the use of the anode assembly (1) in an electrolysis cell.
- connection methods are at the temperature of the submerged part of the anode, and therefore close to the temperature of the electrolysis bath, while the connection according to the invention gives a very homogeneous temperature, while maintaining the temperature of connection at a value significantly lower than the electrolysis temperature, which reduces the electrical, mechanical and chemical stresses on the connection.
- Trial 1 A connection test was carried out with a device similar to that of FIG. 5.
- the anode was in cermet whose ceramic phase included a nickel ferrite and the metallic phase was based on copper.
- the brazing material was a CuZn alloy, with 60% by weight of Cu and 40% by weight of Zn.
- the melting range for this alloy was 870 to 900 ° C.
- the connection was preheated to 900 ° C before using the anode in an electrolytic cell whose bath was based on molten cryolite.
- the partial melting of the brazing material at the time of preheating was enough to give the connection a satisfactory electrical connection.
- the zinc had partly evaporated and oxidized and that the use had caused an additional treatment which had led to the increase in the joint melting temperature well above 900 ° C.
- a connection test was carried out with a device similar to that of FIG. 6.
- the anode was in cermet having the same composition as test 1.
- the brazing material was a CuZn alloy, with 30% by weight of Cu and 70% by weight of Zn.
- the melting range of this alloy was 700 to 820 ° C.
- the brazing heat treatment was carried out entirely in situ. It gave a brazed joint offering a stable electrical connection over time and low electrical resistivity.
- the outside diameter Do of the anode was typically of the order of 70 to 75% of the length L of the anode.
- the internal diameter D of the anode was about 60 to 65% of the outside diameter.
- the thickness E of the side wall was uniform.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ545608A NZ545608A (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-28 | Inert anode connections brazed during use in the production of aluminium by fused-salt electrolysis |
| AU2004278527A AU2004278527B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-28 | Device and method for connecting inert anodes for the production of aluminium by fused-salt electrolysis |
| ES04817090T ES2399115T3 (es) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-28 | Dispositivo y procedimiento de conexión de ánodos inertes destinados a la producción de aluminio por electrólisis ígnea |
| SI200431992T SI1678349T1 (sl) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-28 | Naprava in postopek spajanja inertnih anod za proizvodnjo aluminija z elektrolizo s talinskim elektrolitom |
| EP04817090A EP1678349B1 (fr) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-28 | Dispositif et procede de raccordement d'anodes inertes destinees a la production d'aluminium par electrolyse ignee |
| US10/569,546 US7544275B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-28 | Device and method for connecting inert anodes for the production of aluminum by fused-salt electrolysis |
| CA2539697A CA2539697C (fr) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-28 | Dispositif et procede de raccordement d'anodes inertes destinees a la production d'aluminium par electrolyse ignee |
| IS8427A IS8427A (is) | 2003-09-30 | 2006-04-24 | Búnaður og aðferð til að tengja óvirk forskaut sem eru hönnuð til álframleiðslu með rafgreiningu í bráðinni raflausn |
| NO20061851A NO340749B1 (no) | 2003-09-30 | 2006-04-26 | Anodeenhet og fremgangsmåte for fremstilling derav. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0311444A FR2860247B1 (fr) | 2003-09-30 | 2003-09-30 | Dispositif et procede de raccordement d'anodes inertes destinees a la production d'aluminium par electrolyse ignee |
| FR0311444 | 2003-09-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005033368A2 true WO2005033368A2 (fr) | 2005-04-14 |
| WO2005033368A3 WO2005033368A3 (fr) | 2005-12-22 |
Family
ID=34307278
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2004/002451 Ceased WO2005033368A2 (fr) | 2003-09-30 | 2004-09-28 | Dispositif et procede de raccordement d'anodes inertes destinees a la production d'aluminium par electrolyse ignee |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7544275B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1678349B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN100540749C (fr) |
| AR (1) | AR045641A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2004278527B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2539697C (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2399115T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2860247B1 (fr) |
| IS (1) | IS8427A (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO340749B1 (fr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ545608A (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2353710C2 (fr) |
| SI (1) | SI1678349T1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2005033368A2 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200603395B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9028997B2 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2015-05-12 | General Electric Company | Ceramic collars for active brazing in sodium-based thermal batteries |
| US9105896B2 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2015-08-11 | General Electric Company | Metal rings for active brazing in sodium-based thermal batteries |
| US9806380B2 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2017-10-31 | General Electric Company | High temperature electrochemical cell structures, and methods for making |
| CN103769758B (zh) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-12-30 | 宁波锦海模具塑膠有限公司 | 一种油缸缸体或活塞杆的熔焊焊接工艺 |
| FR3016897B1 (fr) * | 2014-01-27 | 2017-08-04 | Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd | Ensemble anodique et procede de fabrication associe. |
| CN113953759B (zh) * | 2021-10-20 | 2024-07-16 | 河南机电职业学院 | 一种感应钎焊/电弧堆焊复合修复烧损阳极钢爪的方法 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4357226A (en) | 1979-12-18 | 1982-11-02 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Anode of dimensionally stable oxide-ceramic individual elements |
| US4450061A (en) | 1982-12-20 | 1984-05-22 | Aluminum Company Of America | Metal stub and ceramic body electrode assembly |
| US4456517A (en) | 1982-12-20 | 1984-06-26 | Aluminum Company Of America | Metal spring stub and ceramic body electrode assembly |
| US4609249A (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1986-09-02 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrically conductive connection for an electrode |
| US4840718A (en) | 1985-10-22 | 1989-06-20 | C. Contradty Nurnberg GmbH & Co. KG | Inert composite electrode, in particular an anode for molten salt electrolysis |
| US6264810B1 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 2001-07-24 | Alcoa Inc. | Electromechanical attachment of inert electrode to a current conductor |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1062313A1 (ru) | 1982-12-07 | 1983-12-23 | Белорусское республиканское научно-производственное объединение порошковой металлургии | Электрод дл электролитических ванн |
| US4457811A (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1984-07-03 | Aluminum Company Of America | Process for producing elements from a fused bath using a metal strap and ceramic electrode body nonconsumable electrode assembly |
| US4495049A (en) * | 1983-05-03 | 1985-01-22 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Anode for molten salt electrolysis |
| CA1246493A (fr) * | 1985-01-24 | 1988-12-13 | Tormod Naterstad | Ensemble d'anode fait d'une anode en carbone a capuchon colle de carbone inerte |
| SU1735438A1 (ru) * | 1990-01-16 | 1992-05-23 | Усть-Каменогорский Свинцово-Цинковый Комбинат Им.В.И.Ленина | Способ изготовлени анодной штанги |
| US5172850A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1992-12-22 | Rsr Corporation | Electrowinning anode and method of manufacture |
| US6113746A (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2000-09-05 | University Of Florida | Methods for altering the magnetic properties of materials and the materials produced by these methods |
| RU2265082C2 (ru) * | 2000-02-24 | 2005-11-27 | Алкоа Инк. | Способ преобразования электролизеров холла-эру в электролизеры с инертными анодами для производства алюминия |
-
2003
- 2003-09-30 FR FR0311444A patent/FR2860247B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-09-13 AR ARP040103274A patent/AR045641A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-09-28 WO PCT/FR2004/002451 patent/WO2005033368A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2004-09-28 US US10/569,546 patent/US7544275B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-28 EP EP04817090A patent/EP1678349B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-28 ZA ZA200603395A patent/ZA200603395B/en unknown
- 2004-09-28 SI SI200431992T patent/SI1678349T1/sl unknown
- 2004-09-28 CA CA2539697A patent/CA2539697C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-28 RU RU2006114429/02A patent/RU2353710C2/ru active
- 2004-09-28 NZ NZ545608A patent/NZ545608A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-28 ES ES04817090T patent/ES2399115T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-28 AU AU2004278527A patent/AU2004278527B2/en not_active Expired
- 2004-09-28 CN CNB2004800283429A patent/CN100540749C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-04-24 IS IS8427A patent/IS8427A/is unknown
- 2006-04-26 NO NO20061851A patent/NO340749B1/no unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4357226A (en) | 1979-12-18 | 1982-11-02 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Anode of dimensionally stable oxide-ceramic individual elements |
| US4450061A (en) | 1982-12-20 | 1984-05-22 | Aluminum Company Of America | Metal stub and ceramic body electrode assembly |
| US4456517A (en) | 1982-12-20 | 1984-06-26 | Aluminum Company Of America | Metal spring stub and ceramic body electrode assembly |
| US4609249A (en) | 1985-04-25 | 1986-09-02 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrically conductive connection for an electrode |
| US4840718A (en) | 1985-10-22 | 1989-06-20 | C. Contradty Nurnberg GmbH & Co. KG | Inert composite electrode, in particular an anode for molten salt electrolysis |
| US6264810B1 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 2001-07-24 | Alcoa Inc. | Electromechanical attachment of inert electrode to a current conductor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2860247B1 (fr) | 2005-11-11 |
| SI1678349T1 (sl) | 2013-03-29 |
| EP1678349B1 (fr) | 2012-11-07 |
| AU2004278527B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
| RU2006114429A (ru) | 2007-11-20 |
| US7544275B2 (en) | 2009-06-09 |
| ZA200603395B (en) | 2007-09-26 |
| AU2004278527A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
| NO20061851L (no) | 2006-06-29 |
| CA2539697A1 (fr) | 2005-04-14 |
| US20060163057A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
| CA2539697C (fr) | 2012-04-24 |
| CN100540749C (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
| IS8427A (is) | 2006-04-24 |
| NO340749B1 (no) | 2017-06-12 |
| AR045641A1 (es) | 2005-11-02 |
| ES2399115T3 (es) | 2013-03-26 |
| EP1678349A2 (fr) | 2006-07-12 |
| WO2005033368A3 (fr) | 2005-12-22 |
| RU2353710C2 (ru) | 2009-04-27 |
| FR2860247A1 (fr) | 2005-04-01 |
| CN1863941A (zh) | 2006-11-15 |
| NZ545608A (en) | 2010-05-28 |
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