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WO2004027476A1 - Fibre optique - Google Patents

Fibre optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004027476A1
WO2004027476A1 PCT/GB2003/004043 GB0304043W WO2004027476A1 WO 2004027476 A1 WO2004027476 A1 WO 2004027476A1 GB 0304043 W GB0304043 W GB 0304043W WO 2004027476 A1 WO2004027476 A1 WO 2004027476A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical fibre
waveguide
fibre according
optical
along
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2003/004043
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Malcolm Paul Varnham
Mikhail Nicholaos Zervas
Paul William Turner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trumpf Laser UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Southampton Photonics Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Southampton Photonics Ltd filed Critical Southampton Photonics Ltd
Priority to AU2003267584A priority Critical patent/AU2003267584A1/en
Publication of WO2004027476A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004027476A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/105—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type having optical polarisation effects

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an optical fibre for high-power lasers and amplifiers.
  • Stimulated Brillouin scattering provides a limitation for high-power fibre lasers and optical amplifiers.
  • Light travelling down the fibre excites an acoustic wave which reflects the light, the reflected light being shifted in wavelength by the Brillouin wavelength shift.
  • Different glass materials have different Brillouin wavelength shifts and Brillouin bandwidths.
  • the Stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold can be increased by varying the materials along an optical fibre, by inducing a temperature gradient along a fibre, by introducing tapers within the fibre, and by utilizing glasses having different Brillouin shifts across the cross section of a fibre.
  • an optical fibre comprising a waveguide, the waveguide being such that in cross section it comprises a plurality of component parts, and the waveguide also being such that it is twisted along its length.
  • At least one of the component parts should preferably have different Stimulated Brillouin scattering properties than the other component parts.
  • the twist rate should preferably be such that there is an averaging of the stimulated Brillouin scattering along the fibre as well as across the cross-section. An advantage is an increase in the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold.
  • the twist rate may be varied along the length.
  • the optical fibre may be tapered along the length.
  • the waveguide may be tapered along the length.
  • the waveguide may comprise one or more rare earth dopants.
  • the rare earth dopant may comprise one or more Ytterbium, Erbium, Neodymium, Praseodymium, Thulium, Samarium, Holmium, Europium, Terbium, and Dysprosium.
  • the waveguide may be a so-called large mode area waveguide.
  • the waveguide may be fabricated in two or more halves comprising different materials.
  • the waveguide may comprise a plurality of rods made of different materials. Each rod may be defined by a refractive index, and the different materials may be selected to have similar refractive indices.
  • the optical fibre may comprise stress applying regions.
  • the stress applying regions may be twisted along the fibre with the same twist rate as the waveguide or with a different twist rate as the waveguide.
  • the size and disposition of the stress applying regions may vary along the length of the fibre in order to vary the birefringence along the fibre.
  • the invention also provides an optical amplifying device comprising the optical fibre.
  • the optical amplifying device may be an optical amplifier, a laser, a master oscillator power amplifier, or a source of amplified spontaneous emission.
  • the optical amplifying device may emit optical radiation.
  • the optical radiation may be pulsed, modulated or continuous wave.
  • the invention also provides a method for increasing the stimulated Brillouin threshold of an optical fibre, which method comprises the steps of fabricating a preform such that in cross section the perform has a plurality of component parts and twisting the perform along its length.
  • Figure 1 shows an optical fibre according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows an optical fibre comprising a waveguide having two halves
  • Figure 3 shows an optical fibre comprising multiple rods
  • Figure 4 shows an optical fibre comprising stress applying regions
  • Figure 5 shows an optical fibre configured as an amplifying optical device
  • Figures 6 to 9 show a method of manufacturing an optical fibre according to the present invention from a first and second preform
  • Figures 10 to 12 show a method of manufacturing an optical fibre according to the present invention using etching. Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments of the Invention
  • an optical fibre 1 comprising a waveguide 2, the waveguide 2 being such that in cross section it comprises a plurality of component parts 3, and the waveguide 2 also being such that it is twisted along its length 4.
  • the component parts 3 are made from different materials having different Stimulated Brillouin scattering properties.
  • the different materials can be silica, and silica doped with at least one of germania, phosphorus, alumina, fluorine, and boron. Twisting the waveguide 2 will then cause an averaging of the stimulated Brillouin scattering along the waveguide 2 which will be in addition to the averaging across the cross-section. The net result is that the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold will be higher as compared to the waveguide 2 if it were untwisted.
  • the twist rate can be in the range of one complete turn per five millimetres to one complete turn per metre.
  • the plurality of component parts 3 may have similar refractive indices or different refractive indices.
  • the plurality of component parts 3 may have similar thermal expansion coefficients or different thermal expansion coefficients.
  • the twist rate can be varied along the length 4.
  • the twist rate can be constant or variable.
  • the twist rate may reverse in direction or may oscillate in direction along the length 4.
  • the optical fibre 1 can be tapered along its length 4.
  • the waveguide 2 can be tapered along its length 4.
  • the waveguide 2 can be configured along the central axis of the optical fibre 1 or be configured off-axis.
  • the waveguide 2 may comprise one or more rare earth dopants.
  • the rare earth dopant may comprise one or more of Ytterbium, Erbium, Neodymium, Praseodymium, Thulium, Samarium, Holmium, Europium, Terbium, and Dysprosium.
  • the waveguide 2 can be a so-called large mode area waveguide as further described in PCT patent application WO 00/02290.
  • large mode area it is meant that the waveguide can have a relatively low numerical aperture such that the mode
  • waveguide can be operated such that it is effectively single moded. This can be achieved by bending a low-numerical aperature, multimode waveguide such that higher modes leak away leaving the fundamental mode in place. Preferably the bend radius would vary with length.
  • the waveguide 2 can be single moded or multimoded.
  • Figure 2 shows an optical fibre 23 comprising a waveguide 20.
  • the waveguide 20 is such that in cross-section it comprises a plurality of component parts in the form of a first half 21, a second half 22 and a cladding 25.
  • the first half 21 may be silica doped with germania and the second half 22 may be silica doped with germania and codoped with boron such that the refractive indices of the first and second halves 21, 22 are similar.
  • other dopants can be used such as phosphorous, alumina, boron and fluorine.
  • the first half 21 and second half 22 together comprise a core which guides against the cladding 25.
  • Figure 3 shows an optical fibre comprising a waveguide 30.
  • the waveguide 30 is such that in cross-section it comprises a plurality of component parts in the form of rods 31.
  • the rods 31 can be circular or non-circular.
  • the rods 31 can be distributed in a regular pattern or an irregular pattern as shown in Figure 3.
  • the rods 31 can be distributed to form a closed or (nearly-closed) shape such as a circle, ellipse, square or rectangle.
  • Each rod 31 may be defined by a refractive index.
  • the rods 31 may be selected such that the refractive indices of each of the rods 31 have similar refractive indices or dissimilar refractive indices.
  • Each rod 31 may be of uniform cross-section or may be tapered along the length 4.
  • the rods 31 may be tubes and the waveguide 30 may be a so-called micro- structured fibre having longitudinally extending holes extending along the length 4.
  • the refractive indices of the rods 31 can be higher or lower than the refractive index of the cladding 25.
  • the rods 31 can be silica rods or doped silica rods.
  • the rods 31 are drawn down from optical fibre preforms which may have a refractive index distribution that varies across the cross-section of the rods 31.
  • Figure 4 shows an optical fibre 40 comprising stress applying regions 41 and a waveguide 2.
  • the waveguide 2 is such that in cross section it comprises a plurality of component parts in the form of first, second and third regions 42, 43, 44 which are preferably made from materials having different stimulated Brillouin characteristics.
  • the stress applying regions 41 may be twisted along the fibre with the same twist rate as the waveguide 2 or with a different twist rate as the waveguide 2.
  • the stress applying regions 41 may not be twisted along the length 4.
  • the size and disposition of the stress applying regions 41 may vary along the length of the fibre 2 in order to vary the birefringence along the fibre 2. This is believed to be advantageous because the properties of acoustic phonons involved in Stimulated Brillouin scattering are thought to be dependent upon applied stress.
  • the first, second and third regions 42, 43, 44 preferably have different thermal expansion coefficients and induce thermally-induced stress across the waveguide 2. Relative rotation or oscillation of the waveguide 2 with respect to the stress applying regions 41 results in a variation of the stress field along the length 4. It is preferred that the twist rate and/or oscillation period is greater than the birefringent beat length of the optical fibre 40 in order to preserve the polarisation maintenance properties of the optical fibre 40. Similar operation can be achieved with the waveguide designs shown in Figures 2 and 3, with single-core designs in which the core is offset from the centre of the optical fibre, or with stress applying regions within the waveguide 2 that is twisted but located in a region where light is not guided.
  • the component parts within the waveguide 2 and their size and disposition should be selected to ensure that the stress field within the waveguide 2 varies along the length 4. It is preferred that the relative twist rate between the waveguide 2 and the stress applying regions 41 is in the range of around 5mm to lm, although with optical fibres having diameters in the 0.5mm to 5mm range, smaller twist rates may be achievable.
  • Figure 5 shows an optical amplifying device 50 comprising the optical fibre 1 and a pump source 51 providing pump radiation 52.
  • the optical amplifying device 50 may be an optical amplifier, a laser, a master oscillator power amplifier, or a source of amplified spontaneous emission. In use, the optical amplifying device 50 may emit optical radiation.
  • the optical radiation may be pulsed, modulated or continuous wave.
  • the optical radiation may be single frequency, multiple frequency or broadband radiation.
  • Figure 8 shows an assembly 80 comprising different component parts in the form of first and second core segments 81, 82.
  • the assembly 80 is manufactured according to the method shown in Figures 6 and 7.
  • Figure 6 shows a first perform 61 which has been cut along its length to form a D-shaped perform.
  • Figure 7 shows the first perform 61 and a second perform 62 that can be joined together to form the assembly 80 shown in Figure 8.
  • One method of joining the first and second performs 61, 62 together is to pull them into a cane using a fibre drawing tower.
  • Another method is to spot weld the performs 61, 62 together with a hydrogen torch.
  • the assembly 80 can be twisted on a preform lathe or in a fibre drawing tower.
  • the assembly 80 can be pulled into a fibre such as shown with reference to Figure 2.
  • stress applying regions 41, 42 can be added as shown with reference to Figure 9.
  • the stress applying regions 41, 42 can be applied by drilling and inserting rods, sleeving with a capillary that contains areas of differing thermal expansion, or utilizing glass rods within a stacking assembly.
  • the assembly 80 can be twisted before adding the rods such that in the fibre 90, the first and second halves 21, 22 are twisted at a different rate to the stress applying regions 41, 42.
  • Figure 12 shows an optical fibre perform 120 comprising different component parts in the form of first and second core regions 121, 122.
  • the perform 120 is made according to the steps shown in Figures 10 and 11.
  • Figure 10 shows a deposition tube 100 which may be made from silica and which comprises a first and second layer 101, 102 which may for example comprise Germania doped silica and phosphorus doped silica respectively.
  • Part of the second layer 102 is removed by etching as shown in Figure 11.
  • the etching can be achieved using hydrofluoric acid in the liquid phase, or fluorine in the gas phase.
  • the deposition tube 100 is then collapsed as shown in Figure 12 to yield the finished preform 120.
  • the first core region 121 and the second core region 122 derive from the glasses layed down in the first and second layers 101, 102 of Figure 10 respectively.
  • the preform 120 can be further processed by twisting on a lathe or draw tower, resleeved, and stress applying regions 41 applied similar to those shown with reference to Figure 9.
  • the twist rate can be varied along the length of the perform 120.
  • the perform 120 can be pulled into a fibre on a fibre draw tower.
  • waveguides have been shown that have different component parts within the core.
  • the invention extends to waveguides that include different component parts in the cladding, or core and cladding. These parts can be in the form of segments, rods, and rings.
  • the present invention extends to the above mentioned features taken singly or in any combination.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une fibre optique (1) qui comprend un guide d'onde (2), ce dernier étant tel qu'il est comporte, en section transversale, une pluralité de parties constitutives (3) et qu'il est également torsadé sur sa longueur (4). Il est préférable que les parties constitutives (3) soient réalisées dans des matériaux différents présentant des propriétés de diffusion de Brillouin stimulée différentes. Le guide d'onde (2) peut comprendre au moins un dopant à base de terres rares. Un avantage provient d'une augmentation du seuil de diffusion de Brillouin stimulée.
PCT/GB2003/004043 2002-09-20 2003-09-19 Fibre optique Ceased WO2004027476A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003267584A AU2003267584A1 (en) 2002-09-20 2003-09-19 An optical fibre

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0221857A GB0221857D0 (en) 2002-09-20 2002-09-20 An optical fibre
GB0221857.6 2002-09-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004027476A1 true WO2004027476A1 (fr) 2004-04-01

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2003/004043 Ceased WO2004027476A1 (fr) 2002-09-20 2003-09-19 Fibre optique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003267584A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0221857D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004027476A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102317825A (zh) * 2008-12-18 2012-01-11 手性光子公司 光纤衍射光栅
EP2365366A3 (fr) * 2010-02-26 2014-04-23 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Cable de fibres optiques
EP3296779A1 (fr) * 2016-09-20 2018-03-21 Honeywell International Inc. Guide d'ondes intégré avec réduction de gain de brillouin et réduction correspondante de l'amplitude d'une onde de stokes induite
EP3324225A1 (fr) * 2016-11-22 2018-05-23 Lumentum Operations LLC Générateur de faisceau optique rotatif
US10281646B2 (en) 2016-09-20 2019-05-07 Honeywell International Inc. Etchless acoustic waveguiding in integrated acousto-optic waveguides
US10312658B2 (en) 2017-06-22 2019-06-04 Honeywell International Inc. Brillouin gain spectral position control of claddings for tuning acousto-optic waveguides
US10429677B2 (en) 2016-09-20 2019-10-01 Honeywell International Inc. Optical waveguide having a wide brillouin bandwidth
US10656334B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2020-05-19 Lumentum Operations Llc Rotary optical beam generator
US10690855B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2020-06-23 Lumentum Operations Llc Tapered non-concentric core fibers
CN111694098A (zh) * 2019-03-13 2020-09-22 朗美通经营有限责任公司 锥形非同心芯光纤
US11347069B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2022-05-31 Lumentum Operations Llc Rotary optical beam generator
WO2024142047A1 (fr) * 2022-12-26 2024-07-04 B.G. Negev Technologies And Applications Ltd., At Ben-Gurion University Guide d'ondes torsadé configuré pour une transformation de polarisation elliptique, et systèmes d'utilisation de celui-ci

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US4227771A (en) * 1979-02-21 1980-10-14 Corning Glass Works Monolithic optical waveguide having a plurality of cores
JPS61141406A (ja) * 1984-12-15 1986-06-28 Fujikura Ltd マルチコア光ファイバ
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JPH0588059A (ja) * 1991-09-27 1993-04-09 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 光ケーブル及びその製造方法
WO2000002290A1 (fr) * 1998-07-03 2000-01-13 University Of Southampton Fibre optique et dispositif a fibre optique
WO2002011961A1 (fr) * 2000-08-09 2002-02-14 Chiral Photonics, Inc. Appareil et procede de production de reseaux de fibres
WO2002073247A2 (fr) * 2001-03-14 2002-09-19 Chiral Photonics, Inc. Reseau de bragg a fibre chirale

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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JPS61141406A (ja) * 1984-12-15 1986-06-28 Fujikura Ltd マルチコア光ファイバ
JPS61141408A (ja) * 1984-12-15 1986-06-28 Fujikura Ltd デユアルコア光フアイバ
EP0227366A2 (fr) * 1985-12-11 1987-07-01 The University Of Southampton Fibres optiques
WO1989011109A1 (fr) * 1988-05-03 1989-11-16 The University Of Sydney Fibre optique circulairement bi-refringente
JPH0588059A (ja) * 1991-09-27 1993-04-09 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 光ケーブル及びその製造方法
WO2000002290A1 (fr) * 1998-07-03 2000-01-13 University Of Southampton Fibre optique et dispositif a fibre optique
WO2002011961A1 (fr) * 2000-08-09 2002-02-14 Chiral Photonics, Inc. Appareil et procede de production de reseaux de fibres
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Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102317825A (zh) * 2008-12-18 2012-01-11 手性光子公司 光纤衍射光栅
EP2376958A4 (fr) * 2008-12-18 2012-07-04 Chiral Photonics Inc Réseau de diffraction à fibre optique
US10481324B2 (en) 2008-12-18 2019-11-19 Chiral Photonics, Inc. Fiber optic diffraction grating
EP2365366A3 (fr) * 2010-02-26 2014-04-23 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Cable de fibres optiques
US8861914B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2014-10-14 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Optical fiber cable
EP3296779A1 (fr) * 2016-09-20 2018-03-21 Honeywell International Inc. Guide d'ondes intégré avec réduction de gain de brillouin et réduction correspondante de l'amplitude d'une onde de stokes induite
US10627654B2 (en) 2016-09-20 2020-04-21 Honeywell International Inc. Etchless acoustic waveguiding in integrated acousto-optic waveguides
US10254481B2 (en) 2016-09-20 2019-04-09 Honeywell International Inc. Integrated waveguide with reduced brillouin gain and a corresponding reduction in the magnitude of an induced stokes wave
US10281646B2 (en) 2016-09-20 2019-05-07 Honeywell International Inc. Etchless acoustic waveguiding in integrated acousto-optic waveguides
US10429677B2 (en) 2016-09-20 2019-10-01 Honeywell International Inc. Optical waveguide having a wide brillouin bandwidth
US10429584B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2019-10-01 Lumentum Operations Llc Rotary optical beam generator
JP2018084813A (ja) * 2016-11-22 2018-05-31 ルーメンタム オペレーションズ エルエルシーＬｕｍｅｎｔｕｍ Ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ ＬＬＣ 回転光ビーム発生器
EP3324225A1 (fr) * 2016-11-22 2018-05-23 Lumentum Operations LLC Générateur de faisceau optique rotatif
US10656334B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2020-05-19 Lumentum Operations Llc Rotary optical beam generator
US10690854B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2020-06-23 Lumentum Operations Llc Rotary optical beam generator
US10690855B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2020-06-23 Lumentum Operations Llc Tapered non-concentric core fibers
JP7038523B2 (ja) 2016-11-22 2022-03-18 ルーメンタム オペレーションズ エルエルシー 回転光ビーム発生器
US11347069B2 (en) 2016-11-22 2022-05-31 Lumentum Operations Llc Rotary optical beam generator
US10312658B2 (en) 2017-06-22 2019-06-04 Honeywell International Inc. Brillouin gain spectral position control of claddings for tuning acousto-optic waveguides
US10615563B2 (en) 2017-06-22 2020-04-07 Honeywell International Inc. Brillouin gain spectral position control of claddings for tuning acousto-optic waveguides
CN111694098A (zh) * 2019-03-13 2020-09-22 朗美通经营有限责任公司 锥形非同心芯光纤
CN111694098B (zh) * 2019-03-13 2022-12-27 朗美通经营有限责任公司 锥形非同心芯光纤
WO2024142047A1 (fr) * 2022-12-26 2024-07-04 B.G. Negev Technologies And Applications Ltd., At Ben-Gurion University Guide d'ondes torsadé configuré pour une transformation de polarisation elliptique, et systèmes d'utilisation de celui-ci

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003267584A1 (en) 2004-04-08
GB0221857D0 (en) 2002-10-30

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