CN102317825A - 光纤衍射光栅 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有芯的光纤光栅,所述光纤光栅能够能够通过在其芯光传输谱中产生与至少一个预定波长对应的至少一个谱峰值和/或至少一个谱倾角中的至少一个来控制通过其中的光信号传输。本发明的光纤衍射光栅包括至少一个纵向定位的结构元件,所述结构元件具有预定几何轮廓且构造为用于在其至少一个预定波长处将被传输光信号的部分从至少一个芯模式衍射成至少一个包层模式和/或至少一个辐射模式中的至少一个。提供了用于制造本发明的光纤衍射光栅的多个新颖技术的各个实施方案,包括用于由单一材料制造本发明的光栅的新颖技术。有益的是,这些新颖的制造技术有赖于用于新颖光栅的至少一个结构元件部分的期望几何轮廓的构造,每个轮廓包括在制造过程中可选择和/或调节的多个易于配置的参数,从而产生各种新颖的光纤衍射光栅,各个新颖的光纤衍射光栅根据可应用几何轮廓的构造而具有对应的特定期望芯传输谱,所述特定期望芯传输谱具有与至少一个特定期望波长对应的至少一个谱峰值和/或至少一个谱倾角中的至少一个。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体涉及光纤光栅型结构,并且更特别地涉及能够在其至少一预定波长处衍射通过其中的光信号传输的部分的光纤光栅。
背景技术
光纤光栅并入形成现代信息和通信技术的主干网的组件中并且适合于宽范围的应用,诸如信息处理和使用波分复用(WDM)的光纤通信系统。存在许多具有各种能力的不同光纤光栅类型和构造。例如,光纤布拉格(Bragg)光栅可用于激光、滤波和感测应用。各种布拉格光栅构造还包括可用于色散补偿器的线性调频光纤光栅和用于消除信号传输谱中的旁瓣的切趾光纤光栅。另一种类型的光纤光栅,长周期光栅,特别有利于感测和滤波应用。通过长周期光栅的光被修正而不是反射,如在光纤布拉格光栅中发生的。而且,不同于光纤布拉格光栅,长周期光栅通常用于将光纤芯的模式耦合到光纤包层中。长周期光栅具有带有多个传输间隙的谱特性。这些间隙的沿着谱范围的位置取决于光纤的包层外部的介质的折射率。因此,改变外部折射率引起了传输间隙的偏移。通常,长周期光栅的周期显著地长于通过光栅的光的波长。
然而,还存在多个这样的重要应用,对于这些应用光纤光栅构成且构造为在通过其中传输的光信号的传输谱中产生至少一个谱倾角(对应于至少一个预定波长),对于这些应用光栅仅为实际的方案,或对于这些应用光纤光栅为最佳方案(或者为至少比长周期光栅更优的方案)。对于期望或需要非常小长度的光纤光栅的应用尤其如此。
还存在这样有用的应用,对于这些应用提供上述衍射光栅是有益的,所述衍射光栅实质上是由单一材料制成的(与通常具有不同材料的芯和包层或者可以为芯和包层使用相同的材料而使材料中的一个掺杂有另一材料的普通光栅相对),以确保二者之间的预定最小折射率对比值。另外,存在这样的应用,对于这些应用具有能够在其芯光传输谱中产生与至少一个预定波长对应的至少一个谱峰值的光栅是有用的。
因此,期望提供用于通过在其至少一个预定波长处衍射被传输光信号的部分来控制通过其中的光信号传输的光纤光栅,在得到的光传输谱中产生分别与被传输光信号的衍射部分的至少一个波长对应的至少一个预定谱倾角和/或至少一个预定峰值中的至少一个。还期望提供可在整体上易于由单一材料制成的上述光纤衍射光栅。
附图说明
在附图中,在各个图中相同的附图标记表示相应或相似的元件:
图1A示出了本发明的光纤衍射光栅的第一示例性实施方案的剖视图的示意图;
图1B示出了图1A的光纤衍射光栅的第一示例性实施方案的侧视图的示意图;
图2A示出了本发明的光纤衍射光栅的第二示例性实施方案的剖视图的示意图;以及
图2B示出了图2A的光纤衍射光栅的第二示例性实施方案的侧视图的示意图。
发明内容
本发明涉及具有芯的光纤光栅,所述光纤光栅能够通过在其芯光传输谱中产生与至少一个预定波长对应的至少一个谱峰值和/或至少一个谱倾角中的至少一个来控制通过其中的光信号传输。
本发明的光纤衍射光栅包括至少一个纵向定位的结构元件,所述结构元件具有预定几何轮廓且构造为用于在其至少一个预定波长处将被传输光信号的部分从至少一个芯模式衍射成至少一个包层模式和/或至少一个辐射模式中的至少一个。提供了用于制造本发明的光纤衍射光栅的多个新颖技术的各个实施方案,包括用于由单一材料制造本发明的光栅的新颖技术。
有益的是,这些新颖的制造技术有赖于用于新颖光栅的至少一个结构元件部分的期望几何轮廓的构造,每个轮廓包括在制造过程中可选择和/或调节的多个易于配置的参数,从而产生各种新颖的光纤衍射光栅,各个新颖的光纤衍射光栅根据可应用几何轮廓的构造而具有对应的特定期望芯传输谱,所述特定期望芯传输谱具有与至少一个特定期望波长对应的至少一个谱峰值和/或至少一个谱倾角中的至少一个。
本发明的其它目的和特征将从下文结合附图的详细描述中变得显而易见。然而,应当理解的是,附图仅为了示例的目的而设计且并非作为本发明的范围的限定,本发明的范围应当参照所附的权利要求。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及具有芯的光纤光栅,所述光纤光栅能够通过在其芯光传输谱中产生与至少一个预定波长对应的至少一个谱峰值和/或至少一个谱倾角中的至少一个来控制通过其中的光信号传输。本发明的光纤衍射光栅通过在其中设置至少一个纵向结构元件来实现上述目的,所述至少一个纵向结构元件具有预定几何轮廓并且构造为用于在其至少一个预定波长处将被传输光信号的部分从至少一个芯模式衍射成至少一个包层模式和/或至少一个辐射模式中的至少一个。
在本发明的光纤衍射光栅的各个实施方案中,提供了用于制造本发明的光纤衍射光栅的多个新颖技术,包括用于由单一材料制造本发明的光栅的的新颖技术。有益的是,依据本发明提供用于新颖光纤衍射光栅的各种新颖的制造技术有赖于用于新颖光栅的至少一个结构元件部分的期望几何轮廓的构造,每个轮廓包括在制造过程中可选择和/或调节的多个易于配置的参数,从而产生各种新颖的光纤衍射光栅,各个新颖的光纤衍射光栅根据可应用几何轮廓的构造而具有对应的特定期望芯传输谱,所述特定期望芯传输谱具有与至少一个特定期望波长对应的至少一个谱峰值和/或至少一个谱倾角中的至少一个。
公知的是,在普通光纤中,可以多种不同的方式且以其它的公知方式来实现用于确保通过其中传输的光信号基本上在芯模式下行进所需的光纤芯和包层之间的折射率对比,例如,通过使芯掺杂适当的材料,为芯和包层中的每个使用具有显著不同折射率的材料。
近年来,用于制造能够通过其芯引导光的光纤的不同方案已经成功地开发出微结构(“MS”)光纤,所述微结构光纤为使得能够通过它们的芯引导光的不同方式的光纤并且能够由单一材料制造(无需为芯进行掺杂)。不同于普通的芯,MS光纤本质上提供了“虚拟”芯,所述“虚拟”芯由围绕光纤的中心纵轴线布置大的一组特别构造和定位的预定纵向元件来限定。例如,这些纵向元件可以为包层中围绕光纤的中心轴线定位以限定“芯”的周期排列的纵向沟槽(即,“孔”),使得现在通过其中传输的光在这样的芯中被引导。这种到MS光纤芯/在MS光纤芯内的有益的光限制是有效的并且由下述两个主要原因中的至少一个确定:
(1)包层的有效折射率低于MS“芯”的区域的折射率,和/或
(2)周期排列的沟槽的结构在MS光纤结构中产生了布拉格反射,所述布拉格反射使得MS“芯”通过例如最中心的沟槽来引导光。
依据本发明的各个实施方案,可以通过在新颖的方式处理普通MS光纤结构(如下文结合图1A和图1B描述的)和/或通过至少部分地基于而不偏离MS光纤原理来制备特殊构造的新颖结构来容易地制造和构造新颖的光纤衍射光栅。
现在参照图1A和图1B,本发明的光纤衍射光栅的第一实施方案显示为衍射光栅10,衍射光栅10基于具有虚拟芯14的MS光纤结构预制件12a,并且衍射光栅10具有定位且构造为产生用于限定芯14的足够程度的光限制的至少一个MS元件16a(例如,如图1A所示,至少一个MS元件16a可以在光纤结构中包括多组同心定位的纵向沟槽。该MS光纤12A的构造在芯14中产生了芯模式,然而通过芯14传输的光信号的能量的至少某部分实际上传播到包层18中,实质上形成了光传输谱“尖头信号”(沿沟槽的方向)。
依据本发明,衍射光栅10是通过扭曲MS结构预制件12a以制成其中具有至少一个结构元件16b的变型结构12而制成的,所述结构元件16b具有预定几何轮廓,所述几何轮廓包括至少为扭曲螺旋节距HP(例如,以一定节距角)和扭曲螺旋直径HD(并且结合本发明的实施方案还包括“扭曲轮廓”)而特别选择的值。
由于MS结构预制件12a扭曲,上述“尖头信号”开始横穿形成的至少一个结构元件16b,并且使得构造为对于至少一个特定期望波长衍射来自通过芯14的至少一个预定波长的芯模式的光信号的恰当选择的几何轮廓(即,HP和HD的预定值)、布拉格反射远离芯14(因此,实质上至少提取出来自芯14的光信号的部分,并且在芯传输谱中产生对应的倾角)。在本发明的一个实施方案中,在某些波长处得到的芯传输可以表现得类似于长周期光栅(尽管在本发明的光栅10的情况下,传输谱中的谱倾角对任何外部介质不敏感)。
有益的是,至少一个结构元件16b的几何轮廓的各个参数(HP、HD等)可以被选择和/或构造为对于一个或多个预定的期望波长在芯传输谱中产生至少一个谱倾角、和/或至少一个谱峰值。至少一个结构元件16b的几何轮廓也可以被选择和/或构造为产生至少一个辐射模式(即,布拉格反射使得光信号的衍射部分完全脱离光纤)。因此,有益的是,新颖的衍射光栅10可以在至少一个包层模式和/或至少一个辐射模式中的至少一个模式中实现期望的衍射。
尽管预制件12a使用了单一材料,对于预制件12a而言使多个沟槽作为MS元件对于某些应用(诸如,对于可以足以使得到的光栅10扩展且然后收缩的方式被加热的传感器元件,在本发明的其它实施方案中,至少一个MS元件(例如,沟槽)可以填充有不同的材料(例如,真空、空气、预定气态物质或预定介电材料等)或者可以其它方式包括与包层18具有不同折射率的区域)是有益的。该方法的优点是,允许在较大的程度上控制芯14和包层18之间的折射率对比。如果使用该实施方案,那么上文所述的光限制原理(1)和(2)二者可联合应用,使得各原理的影响取决于MS元件16a在预制件12a内的定位。在本发明的另一实施方案中,MS元件16a可以包括多个凹槽(未示出)。
现在参照图2A和图2B,本发明的光纤衍射光栅的第二实施方案显示为衍射光栅40,所述衍射光栅40基于特别构造的MS光纤结构50,衍射光栅40具有虚拟芯52,并且衍射光栅40具有多个结构元件56,所述多个结构元件56定位且构造为产生用于限定芯52的足够程度的光限制并且也在其多个结构元件之间产生至少一个预定横向周波扭曲58,所述至少一个预定扭曲沿横向在光传输谱中有益地产生至少一个预定窄缺陷状态,这对于与至少一个缺陷状态对应的至少一个波长在芯传输谱中产生对应的至少一个谱倾角。
可以多种不同的方式来实现扭曲58。例如,如果各同心组的多个不同结构元件56之间的距离基本相同(例如,D1),那么可以通过构造两组预定多元件56(基于与期望缺陷状态对应的所需谱位置来选择)之间的距离容易地产生至少一个预定横向周波扭曲58,可以构造为D2,与其它均匀的D1不同。实现至少一个扭曲58的其它创造性方式,例如通过改变多个元件56中的一个或多个特定同心组的大小,或者通过使用由与芯54不同的材料(即,与芯54具有不同的折射率)构成的多个元件56中的一个或多个特定同心组。衍射光栅40的益处在于,衍射光栅40不需要结构50扭曲或者以其它方式在物理上被操纵(除了产生至少一个扭曲58所需的预构造之外)。
因此,已经示出、描述并且指出了本发明在应用于其优选实施方案时的基本的新颖特征,应当理解的是,在不偏离本发明的主旨的情况下本领域技术人员可以对所示例的装置和方法的形式和细节以及它们的操作进行各种省略、替代和变型。例如,明确地表示以基本相同的方式执行基本相同的功能以获得相同结构的那些元件和/或方法步骤的所有组合在本发明的范围之内。因此,目的是仅如所附的权利要求的范围所表示的进行限定。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于控制通过其中的至少一个预定波长的光信号传输的光纤衍射光栅,所述光纤衍射光栅包括:
改进的光纤,其具有至少一个芯模式以及至少一个包层模式和至少一个辐射模式中的至少一个,所述改进的光纤进一步包括:
至少一个结构元件,其具有预定几何轮廓,其中所述预定几何轮廓构造为在从所述至少一个预定波长选出的至少一个衍射波长处衍射所述至少一个芯模式的光信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的光纤衍射光栅,其中,所述预定几何轮廓包括预定螺旋节距、预定螺旋直径和单一预定旋向性。
3.如权利要求2所述的光纤衍射光栅,其中,所述预定节距和所述预定直径进一步构造为将光耦合到所述至少一个辐射模式的至少一个中。
4.如权利要求2所述的光纤衍射光栅,其中,所述预定节距和所述预定直径进一步构造为耦合到所述至少一个包层模式的至少一个中。
5.如权利要求2所述的光纤衍射光栅,其中,光信号传输包括表示在所述至少一个芯模式下传输的光信号的芯传输谱,并且其中,所述预定节距和所述预定直径进一步构造为在所述芯传输谱中产生谱倾角或谱峰值中的至少一个。
6.如权利要求2所述的光纤衍射光栅,其中,所述改进的光纤包括微结构光纤,所述微结构光纤依据预定扭曲轮廓扭曲以在其中产生所述预定螺旋节距和所述预定螺旋直径的所述至少一个结构元件。
7.如权利要求1所述的光纤衍射光栅,其中,光信号传输包括表示在所述至少一个芯模式下传输的光信号的芯传输谱,并且其中,所述改进的光纤包括微结构光纤,所述微结构光纤中具有至少一个预定横向周波扭曲,所述至少一个预定横向周波扭曲构造为产生至少一个预定缺陷状态,分别在所述芯传输谱中产生对应的至少一个谱倾角。
8.如权利要求1所述的光纤衍射光栅,其中,所述至少一个结构元件包括限定在所述改进的光纤内的多个纵向沟槽,并且所述多个纵向沟槽依据第一预定图案定尺寸和定位。
9.如权利要求8所述的光纤衍射光栅,其中,所述多个纵向沟槽的至少部分填充有下述中的一个:真空、空气、预定气态物质或预定介电材料。
10.如权利要求1所述的光纤衍射光栅,其中,所述至少一个结构元件包括限定在所述改进的光纤内的多个纵向沟槽,并且所述多个纵向沟槽依据第一预定图案定尺寸和定位。
11.如权利要求10所述的光纤衍射光栅,其中,所述多个纵向沟槽中的至少部分填充有下述中的一个:空气或预定介电材料。
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| US13890708P | 2008-12-18 | 2008-12-18 | |
| US61/138,907 | 2008-12-18 | ||
| PCT/US2009/068877 WO2010071861A2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-12-18 | Fiber optic diffraction grating |
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| CN102317825A true CN102317825A (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
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| CN2009801568620A Pending CN102317825A (zh) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-12-18 | 光纤衍射光栅 |
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| US (2) | US20100158438A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP2376958A4 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN102317825A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2750080A1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2010071861A2 (zh) |
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Also Published As
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| US10481324B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
| WO2010071861A2 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
| EP2376958A2 (en) | 2011-10-19 |
| EP2376958A4 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| WO2010071861A3 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
| US20170269293A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
| CA2750080A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
| US20100158438A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
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