WO2004072398A1 - Lost casing body - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a lost casing body exhibiting the following characteristics: a) it comprises two wall surfaces extending in a parallel direction at a certain distance; b) each wall surface consists of several adjacent panels which are connected in line to each other by means of an abutment area; c) the wall surfaces are connected by means of spacers; and d) the adjacent panels of the wall surface are pasted to each other.

Description

 Lost formwork body

Description

The invention relates to a lost formwork body.

In structural engineering, walls made of bricks or stones are increasingly being replaced by prefabricated components. These prefabricated components can also consist of bricks. However, prefabricated concrete parts or prefabricated wood parts are mainly used. These prefabricated components have several disadvantages: They are mostly completed at the factory and have to be transported to the construction site with a correspondingly high amount of transport. Due to the sometimes high weight, especially for precast concrete, the element sizes are limited. A design adjustment on site (at the construction site) is practically no longer possible. Adjacent elements have to be connected with one another in a complex manner. Numerous finished parts are only semi-finished products. For example, thermal insulation is often missing. Sanitary and electrical installations require further processing of the parts on the construction site.

The invention has for its object to simplify the creation of walls, in particular load-bearing walls in structural construction.

The invention is based on the following basic idea: Instead of a precast concrete part, only a lost formwork body is manufactured at the factory. The formwork body is light in relation to the finished part. It can be edited easily. It can be prepared according to individual circumstances. Due to its low weight, it can be transported to the construction site conveniently and inexpensively. The possibility to erect the corresponding wall element at the construction site is also improved. The formwork body is set up, supported and filled if necessary, for example poured with concrete. To create partitions, room dividers, etc., it can also be filled with loose bulk material such as expanded perlite or with insulating materials such as mineral fiber products. Combinations are also possible. together adjoining, adjacent elements can be positively connected to one another via a monolithic filling, such as a concrete core.

Adjustments can also be made at short notice on the construction site. An example should illustrate this: An intermediate wall is to be drawn between two walls. If the corresponding precast concrete part were too long, it would have to be discarded and replaced with a new part. The construction time would be significantly extended. If the formwork element according to the invention is too large, it can be cut (shortened) at short notice at the construction site. Only then is training carried out with a load-bearing core, for example by backfilling with ready-mixed concrete.

Slots, windows or door cutouts can also be easily and quickly added or corrected at the construction site.

Lost formwork bodies as such are state of the art. However, these are first created at the construction site and then filled with concrete. According to the invention, on the other hand, it is a prefabricated component that only has to be set up and filled on site.

In its most general embodiment, the structural design of the formwork body is as follows: the formwork body comprises two wall surfaces running parallel and at a distance from one another,

- each wall surface consists of several adjacent panels aligned in a joint area,

- the wall surfaces are connected by spacers,

- Adjacent panels of a wall surface are glued together.

Each wall surface is formed from several panels that are glued together in the area of their corresponding side edges (joint area). This principle makes it possible to produce wall surfaces of almost unlimited size.

The wall surfaces themselves are fixed to one another by spacers. The spacers ensure that there is a constant distance between the wall surfaces and that both wall surfaces are stabilized against each other.

According to one embodiment, the spacers extend at least into the joint area of adjacent plates.

As stated, adjacent panels are glued together in the joint area anyway. At the same time, the spacers can be assembled and fastened in the joint area. In principle, it would also be possible to push the spacers through the plates. However, this would require additional work and process steps. The spacers can also be glued to the corresponding end faces of the panels in the joint area. It is also possible to mechanically fix plates and spacers to one another, for example using screws, split pins, pins, claws or the like.

The spacers can be a component of U- or H-shaped profile parts, for example as a connecting leg between two parallel plates. In both cases, the elements are set up side by side to form a desired wall, connected to one another (for example glued) and then the cavities formed between two plates and two spacers are filled. It is not only in these cases that it makes sense to make the spacers (connecting legs) from the same material as the wall panels.

In order to ensure an exact distance between the wall surfaces over the entire length and height of the wall to be created, the spacers can be supported on the inside and outside of each wall surface. For this purpose, support elements can be provided which extend essentially parallel to the wall surfaces and thus perpendicular to the spacer.

In particular when the spacers run in the butt joints between adjacent panels, the invention proposes to design the spacers as a flat body with two main surfaces. The spacers can have the form of sheets, strips, strips or the like. By the distance of adjacent plates, so the butt joint to keep narrow the distance ^¬ should halter be small, for example only 1 mm to fifth Several such spacers can be spaced apart 5a -

be arranged over the height of a wall to be created. Likewise, opposite plates of the wall surfaces can also be fixed against one another with only one or two spacers. This includes embodiments in which only one spacer extends over more or less the entire plate height (plate length).

Accordingly, the spacers can have a thickness of up to 1 cm, a length between 5 and 350 cm and a width which is in any case greater than the distance between adjacent inner sides of the wall surfaces.

In order to provide the additional support elements for the wall surfaces already mentioned, the spacers can have slots or cutouts. For example, the slots can be U-shaped so that there are corresponding tabs _. allow to bend, which then bear against at least one inside or outside of at least one wall surface to support it.

The slots or recesses mentioned can also be used to accommodate clamping wedges which bear against at least one inside or outside of at least one wall surface. This also serves to align and fix the wall surfaces at a defined distance.

The spacers mentioned can at least partially have teeth on the circumference. The toothing can form an additional anchoring to the panels of the wall surfaces. The toothing can also form a kind of reinforcement for the concrete, which is later filled between the wall surfaces.

The panels can be wood wool lightweight panels, for example. Such plates have long been state of the art, but for other applications. Wood wool lightweight building boards are known under the trade name "Heraklith". They consist of wood wool fibers which are connected to one another via an inorganic binder, for example based on MgO. Other types of boards are possible. 7 -

The plates can also be connected to one another using an inorganic binder, but also using an organic adhesive, for example a polyurethane adhesive.

An insulation layer can be applied to the outside of at least one wall surface. This applies in particular to the creation of exterior walls. The insulation layer can consist of mineral fiber elements, for example insulation boards or insulation mats. The insulation layer can be glued to the corresponding wall surface.

One embodiment provides that the spacers of the formwork body project at least on the outside of the wall surface on which the insulating layer is to be applied. The insulation layer can then be placed on the spacers.

For additional fixation, a further embodiment provides for the use of sleeves which rest with one end on the outside of the insulation layer (in the manner of a plate) and are fastened with the other end to the spacers. In this case, too, the teeth of the spacers already mentioned can facilitate the fixing of the sleeves.

If wood wool panels are used to create the wall surfaces, for example with a thickness between 1 and 8 cm, these construction panels have a relatively low bending tensile strength. To compensate for this, more spacers can be used, for example, or the spacing of the spacers can be reduced. The overall stability of the formwork body can also be adjusted via the material of the spacers. The spacers can, for example, consist of metal, for example can be designed as metal sheets. Plastic bodies can also be used.

If this is desired or necessary, further elements can be provided in order to additionally connect the wall surfaces to one another.

Such elements can run between the inner sides of opposite plates of the wall surfaces. However, they can also be fastened in the joint area of adjacent panels, for example by gluing them together. Such fabric reinforcements can have a width that is greater than the inner spacing of the wall surfaces and less than or equal to the outer spacing of the wall surfaces. They can also be wider and additionally attached (e.g. glued) to the outside of the wall surface. The elongation behavior should be limited to 2%. The height is arbitrary> 0 and <height of the formwork body.

One embodiment of the invention proposes to use elements that have a high tensile strength, for example glass fiber fabrics or glass fiber fabrics. Due to their structure, such elements can have openings which are useful in order to be able to produce a monolithic body during the subsequent filling of the formwork body.

The wall surfaces can be connected to one another on up to three sides by additional panels. For example, the formwork body can be on the underside and in the area of it vertical faces are covered with appropriate plate strips. Depending on whether these end faces connect to walls or not, they can be closed or have openings. In the latter case, the openings in turn serve to enable a connection to adjacent wall elements when pouring a concrete.

As a rule, the wall surfaces will have an identical length and width in order to be able to build an exactly cuboid body overall. However, one embodiment suggests, in particular for creating external walls, to make one wall surface wider and / or higher than the other wall surface. In this way, a type of step can be formed, in particular in the upper end region of the formwork body, which serves to support a subsequent ceiling or a ceiling body.

A major advantage of the design of the formwork body according to the invention is that both small and in particular very large formwork bodies can be created. In principle, the formwork body is not subject to any geometric limits. According to one embodiment, the width is between 0.1 and 0.6 m (alternatively: 0.2 to 0.6 m). The height can be between 0.1 and 3.5 m (alternatively: between 2.5 and 3.5 m). A typical length will be between 0.8 and 12 m, for example between 2 and 12 m.

In this respect, large-scale walls can be created as well as lintels, parapets, etc.

Walls with windows or doors can either be composed of individual elements. alternative - 10 -

it is possible to form a wall element with corresponding cutouts, the cutouts then being closed on the circumference by connecting plates.

The use and design of a formwork body according to the invention has further advantages: for example, installation lines (such as cable ducts, pipelines, etc.) can be laid as dummy lines at the construction site in the space between the wall surfaces. It is advisable to use the spacers as support bodies for such channels. For this purpose, the spacers can have corresponding cutouts. The spacers are then preferably arranged in such a way that empty lines which are passed through a plurality of spacers immediately have the desired orientation.

After setting up the formwork at the construction site, the space between the wall surfaces is filled with concrete. The interior work can then begin. The inner walls can be plastered or otherwise clad. As far as the spacers protrude from the outside of the wall surfaces, they can either be cut off or used, for example, as reinforcements for a plaster to be applied.

Further features of the invention are features of the subclaims and of the other application documents.

The invention is further explained below using various exemplary embodiments. Here show - each in a highly schematic representation:

Figures la, b: vertical longitudinal sections through perspective representations of a formwork body in two embodiments, - 11 -

Figure 2 is a perspective view of several

Formwork bodies that are put together to create two outer walls,

FIG. 3: a perspective view of a formwork body after removal of a (front) wall surface,

Figure 4: a plan view of another formwork body.

In the figures, the same or equivalent components are shown with the same reference numerals.

The different formwork bodies recognizable in FIG. 2 are constructed, for example, as shown in FIG. 1:

Each lost formwork body has two wall surfaces 10, 12 which are parallel and spaced apart from one another. Both wall surfaces 10, 12 are designed identically, so that only the structure of the wall surface 12 is described below.

The wall surface 12 consists of a plurality of adjacent plates 14, which adjoin one another in alignment, only one plate 14 with its front and top end faces being recognizable in FIG. 1, the front end side forming a joint region 16, to which a further plate 14 is formed the wall surface 12 connects. This joint area is penetrated by a spacer 20 which extends perpendicular to the wall surfaces 10, 12 and projects beyond the wall surfaces 10, 12 on both sides.

In the joint region 16, the spacer 20 is glued to the corresponding plates 14. The spacer 20 thus defines the inner distance A of the wall surfaces 10, 12. - 12 -

As FIGS. 1 a, b show, a plurality of spacers are arranged at a distance from one another and one above the other, a spacer again being explained in more detail below, because all spacers are identical in construction.

In the section between the wall surfaces 10, 12, the spacer 20 in FIG. 1 a has a recess 22 from which two tabs 24, 26 are formed in the opposite direction, which run at right angles to the spacer 20 and thus parallel to the wall surfaces 10, 12. The tabs 24, 26 lie flat against the inner sides 10, 12i of the wall surfaces 10, 12 and stabilize the formwork body.

The section 28 of the spacer projecting beyond the wall surface 12 is likewise bent by 90 ° and lies against an outer side 12a of the wall surface 12, so that the wall surface 12 is held flush between the tabs 26, 28 of the spacer 20.

An insulation layer 30 is applied to an outer surface 10a of the wall surface 10. The insulation layer 30 consists of mineral fiber plates which are plugged onto corresponding end sections 32 of the spacers 20. For further fixation, caps 34 can be seen, which have a sleeve-like part 36, which is attached to the section 32 (with external teeth 32v) of the spacer 20 and is delimited on the outside by a plate-like part 38, which rests on the surface of the mineral fiber layer 30 , An insulation layer (heat and / or sound insulation layer) can also be installed on the inside on at least one wall surface 10, 12.

As Figure la shows, the wall surfaces 10, 12 each consist of two, one on top of the other and one below the other - 13 -

glued plates, namely the plates 14 already mentioned and a respective outer plate 15.

On the underside, the formwork body is delimited by a rail 40. A corresponding rail 42 can also be placed on the top. The rail is used to align the formwork body on a base (e.g. a raw ceiling). Alternatively or cumulatively, a stop strip, e.g. from the material of the wall surfaces 10, 12 can be fixed on the raw ceiling (indicated by 41 in FIG. 1 a), which has a width which corresponds to the inner spacing of the wall surfaces 10, 12 (ie the filling space between the wall surfaces 10, 12).

Two spacers 20 are shown symbolically in FIG. Arranged between these two spacers is a glass fiber strip 60 which, like the spacers 20, is glued to the corresponding end faces of the plates 14 in the joint region 16. The glass fiber strip 60 serves to increase the bending tensile strength of the plates 14 when filling a concrete into the cavity between the wall surfaces 10, 12. Of course, several such strips 60 are arranged in the joint area of adjacent plates 14.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1b, the glass fiber fabric 60 is glued or glued to the front abutting surfaces 60 and thus between adjacent plates 14 over almost the entire height of the formwork body.

Figure 2 shows different configurations of such a formwork body, for example in the form of a column, for creating a lintel, designed as a corner pillar, solid wall or parapet. - 14 -

As can be seen from the example of corner pillars and parapet, the outer vertical end faces of the wall surfaces 10, 12 are covered by additional plates 44 which are glued on and have openings 46.

After the individual formwork bodies have been set up in the desired assignment, they are filled with concrete from above. The concrete can run through the openings 46 into adjacent formwork bodies, so that a monolithic concrete core is formed overall.

Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of a formwork element.

Instead of a plurality of spacers 20 arranged one above the other at a distance, a single spacer 20 is provided here, the width of which corresponds exactly to the distance between the outer sides 10a, 12a of the wall surfaces 10, 12, so that no parts of the spacer 20 protrude beyond the outer surfaces 10a, 12a.

This spacer 20 is fastened in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 via pins 48 in the corresponding end faces of the plates 14.

The spacer 20 also has a large number of cutouts 22, which are used here to hold empty pipes (symbolized by a dash-dotted line 50). Such empty lines are inserted before filling the cavity between the wall surfaces 10, 12 and can later be fitted with electrical lines, loudspeaker cables or the like. 15 -

In addition, additional supports 52 are provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, which are designed in the manner of strips and connect the inner sides 10 i, 12 i of the wall surfaces 10, 12. For this purpose, the strips 52 are glued to the inner walls 10 i, 12 i. These strips 52 also have openings 54 so that filled concrete can flow through the openings 54.

In the example according to FIG. 4, the formwork body is formed by a plurality of U profiles made of "Heraklith" (wood wool lightweight construction elements) arranged next to one another. Each profile consists of two parallel plates 14 (U legs) which are spaced by a spacer 20 (connecting leg). Free end faces 16 of the plates 14 are glued to one side of the adjacent spacer 20. The desired overall width B of the wall can be achieved at the construction site by cutting a U-profile, as indicated in Figure 4 by the scissors symbol. Instead of the U-profiles, H-profiles could also be used, the spacer would then be approximately in the middle and the profile would be open on both sides.

The plate thickness (in the example according to FIG. 4 also of the spacer) can be 10-50 mm, for example 20-30 mm, with a bulk density of the light wood components of 400-900 kg / m ³ , for example 500-800 kg / m ³ . The parts can be pre-assembled in any size and shape.

Claims

- 16 - Lost formwork body claims 1. Lost formwork body with the following features: a) two wall surfaces (10, 12) running parallel and at a distance from one another, b) each wall surface (10, 12) consists of a plurality of adjacent plates (14) which are aligned with one another via a joint area (16), c) the wall surfaces (10 , 12) are connected via spacers (20), d) adjacent plates (14) of a wall surface (10, 12) are glued to one another. 2. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) at least up to the joint area (16) of adjacent plates (14) run. - 17 - 3. Circuit body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) are supported on the inside and outside on each wall surface (10, 12). 4. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) in the joint area (16) on the corresponding plates (14) of the wall surfaces (10, 12) are attached. 5. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) in the joint area (16) with the corresponding plates (14) are glued. 6. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) in the joint area (16) with the corresponding plates (20) are pinned. 7. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) are flat bodies with two main surfaces. 8. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) have a thickness of up to 1 cm, a length between 5 and 350 cm and a width which is greater than the distance between adjacent inner sides (lOi, 12i) of the wall surfaces (10, 12) is. 9. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) have slots or recesses (22). - 18 - 10. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) have slots or recesses (22) along which surface sections (24, 26) are formed, which against at least one inner or outer side (lOi, 12i) of at least one wall surface ( 10, 12). 11. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) have slots or recesses (22) which receive clamping wedges which bear against at least one inside or outside (10i, 12i) of at least one wall surface (10, 12). 12. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) have at least partially a toothing (32v) on the circumferential side. 13. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the panels (14) are wood wool lightweight panels. 14. Formwork body according to claim 1, in which at least on one wall surface (10, 12) an insulation layer (30) is applied on the outside. 15. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer (30) consists of a mineral fiber element. 16. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the insulating layer (30) is glued to the wall surface (10). - 19 - 17. Formwork body according to claim 14, wherein the spacers (20) project beyond at least the wall surface (10) having the insulation layer (30) and the insulation layer (30) is plugged onto the spacers (20). 18. Formwork body according to claim 17, wherein the insulating layer (30) is additionally fixed by sleeves (34) which rest with one end (38) on the outside of the insulating layer (30) and with one end on the spacers (20) are attached. 19. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (20) in the region between the wall surfaces (10, 12) have cutouts (22), they are arranged such that cutouts (22) horizontally adjacent spacers (20) are aligned. 20. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the wall surfaces (10, 12) via additional elements (52, 60) are additionally connected. 21. Formwork body according to claim 20, wherein the elements (52) on the inner sides (lOi, 12i) of the wall surfaces (10, 12) are attached. 22. Formwork body according to claim 20, wherein the elements (60) in the joint region (16) of adjacent panels (14) are fastened. 23. Formwork body according to claim 20, wherein the elements (60) consist of a material that has a high tensile strength. - 20 - 24. Formwork body according to claim 20, wherein the elements (60) consist of a glass fiber fabric or glass fiber fabric. 25. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the wall surfaces (10, 12) are connected to one another on up to three sides via further plates (44). 26. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein the further plates (44) have openings (46). 27. Formwork body according to claim 1, wherein one wall surface (10, 12) is wider and / or higher than the other wall surface (10, 12). 28. Formwork body according to claim 1 with a width between 0.1 and 0.6 m, a height between 0.1 and 3.5 m and a length between 0.8 and 12 m. 29. Formwork body according to claim 1 with a width between 0.2 and 0.6 m, a height between 2.5 and 3.5 m and a length between 2 and 12 m.