EP3577286B1 - Construction system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a building system with prefabricated or preassembled segments for building high-rise buildings, in particular walls or the like.

From the DE 102 30 323 A1 It is known to arrange solid wood rods with a regular hexagonal cross-section to form a hexagonal honeycomb pattern next to one another and to connect them to one another by means of dowels which penetrate aligned transverse bores in the solid wood rods. The transverse bores in the solid wood rods are provided at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the rod, each vertically and centrally between two diametrically opposite hexagon sides. In the axial view of a solid wood rod there are accordingly dowel channels in three different directions, with two dowel channels in each case forming angles of 60 degrees and 120 degrees in the axial view of the solid wood rod. If at least three solid wood rods are arranged side by side in such a way that their cross-sections form a triangle-like or cloverleaf-like surface, the dowel channels cross each other in the axial view of the rods in such a way that a form-fitting and non-positive connection is achieved between the solid wood rods when the dowels have been driven in.

The DE 10 2007 006 721 A1 shows that instead of a regular hexagonal cross section, the rods can also have another sixfold rotationally symmetrical cross section, for example in the form of a regular dodecagon. In addition, circular cross-sections are also conceivable, such as in particular DE 10 2004 007 689 A1 shows.

Finally, the rods can be tubular and wound from paper, wherein the paper layers lying on top of one another can be connected to one another by strength. Furthermore, the solid wood rods can also have longitudinal channels or be tubular with a central bore.

One advantage of these known rods is that their connection to adjacent rods can be easily carried out by means of the dowels. Nevertheless, the effort in the case of the production of a larger wall or the like is relatively great.

This is where the invention comes in and has the task of significantly reducing the production costs for walls, ceilings and / or floors.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

The invention is based on the general idea of initially prefabricating larger, but still manageable segments from bars, the cross sections of the bars of each segment tangentially touching each other and being arranged in honeycombs of a virtual, regular, empty space-free hexagonal honeycomb grid.

The dowel connections between the rods of a segment, known per se, ensure, on the one hand, a positive and non-positive connection of the rods within each segment. On the other hand, the segments can be placed next to one another in such a way that dowel channels run through between them and adjacent segments can be connected via dowels common to two segments.

The segments preferably have a cuboid-like shape, in which the honeycomb grid enveloping the bars has, on the one hand, two mutually opposite longitudinal sides with a triangular wave profile parallel to the longitudinal axes of the bars and, on the other hand, two opposite longitudinal sides with a rib profile, the ribs of the honeycomb grid each having one of three hexagonal sides each honeycomb formed trapezoidal profile and the grooves between the ribs have an opposite concave trapezoidal profile.

If the respective segment has on the outside exclusively bars with the hexagonal cross-section of the honeycomb of the honeycomb grid, the outer sides of the segment have a profile that matches the profile of the honeycomb grid.

If, on the other hand, the outer sides of the segment are formed by bars with a circular profile, instead of the triangular wave profile there is a profile with successive convex circular bottoms or a rib profile with alternating convex circular arcs (ribs) and concave circular arcs (grooves). In the following, the profile on the corresponding side of the associated honeycomb grid is usually mentioned to identify different side surfaces of a segment.

When creating walls, the segment long sides with the triangular wave profile preferably form the wall outer or wall inner sides, while the long sides with the rib profile form the connection surfaces on which the segments connect to neighboring segments in the transverse direction to the longitudinal axes of the bars.

It is particularly advantageous here that the ribs and grooves on the connection sides specify the target positions of the segments in the transverse direction to one another in a manner that is easily visible. The correct position of the segments in the longitudinal direction It can be seen from the fact that dowel channels corresponding or corresponding to one another must lie in the transverse direction of the adjacent segments in a common plane that extends orthogonally to the rod longitudinal axes. The outlets and inlets of these dowel channels are clearly visible on the segments, regardless of whether dowels are used or not.

As a rule, the segments are arranged horizontally when creating walls, that is to say the longitudinal axes of the rods forming the segments extend in the horizontal direction.

In this case, the walls can be "bricked up" in a similar way as in the case of brickwork, in that a first row of segments is formed on a floor surface from segments that are butt-jointed in the longitudinal direction, then a second row of segments is placed on the aforementioned first row of segments, with the segments of the second row of segments each bridge the joints between the segments of the first row of segments, that is, the segments of the second row of segments are usually offset by half a segment length compared to the segments of the first row of segments. In particular, the length of the longitudinal offset is selected so that the dowel channels penetrating vertically through the segments are aligned with one another and the two rows of segments can be connected to one another or fixed relative to one another by dowels inserted into these vertical dowel channels. In addition, continuous dowels are then hammered into the dowel channels that run between the long sides of the segments arranged one above the other and penetrate the connection surface between the two segments, so that between the segments arranged one above the other there is a bond that can withstand high loads in all directions.

In an advantageous manner, extremely stable corner connections between walls can also be produced with the building system according to the invention. This makes use of the fact that the segments within a wall are usually arranged in rows of segments arranged one above the other, each offset from the row of segments below. Accordingly, in the case of a corner connection, a lower row of segments of a second wall arranged transversely to a first wall can abut the longitudinal side of the corresponding lower row of segments of the first wall, while the further row of segments arranged on the first row of segments of the transverse wall connects the respective lower row of segments of the first wall with a Segment overlaps in the transverse direction, with cutouts corresponding to the profile of the connection side of the respective other segment being or being formed in the mutually facing connection sides of the overlapping segments of the first and second wall, so that within the overlapping area there is a positive engagement between the angularly arranged segments the first and second wall is reached. As a result, a form-fitting galvanizing can be achieved between walls arranged at an angle to one another.

Even if it is generally expedient to arrange the segments "lying down", that is to say with the longitudinal axes of the rods extending in the horizontal direction, a standing arrangement of the segments with vertical longitudinal axes is also easily possible and possibly also useful. It is advantageous that further segments can be connected to a standing segment on two mutually orthogonal side surfaces of the first segment in order to produce a corner connection between walls.

In addition, with regard to preferred embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the following explanation of the drawing, on the basis of which the invention is explained in more detail.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Standardsegmentes

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt von zwei übereinander abgeordneten parallelen Segmenten

Fig. 3A bis 3F

verschiedene beispielhafte Querschnitte von Segmenten, wobei jeweils auch eine zugehörige Seitenansicht dargestellt ist,

Fig. 4

die Anordnung einer Boden- oder Deckenplatte auf und unter einem Wandteil

Fig. 5

den Querschnitt einer Sechseck-Wabe eines die Stäbe eines Segmentes aufnehmenden virtuellen Wabenrasters

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines für eine Eckverbindung von Wänden vorgesehenen Segmentes mit seitlicher Planfläche

Fig. 7

eine perspektivische Explosionsdarstellung einer im Grundriss T-förmigen Verbindung zweier Wände

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer möglichen Eckverbindung zweier Wände

It shows

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a standard segment

Fig. 2

a cross-section of two parallel segments arranged one above the other

Figures 3A to 3F

various exemplary cross-sections of segments, each also showing an associated side view,

Fig. 4

the arrangement of a floor or ceiling plate on and under a wall part

Fig. 5

the cross-section of a hexagonal honeycomb of a virtual honeycomb grid accommodating the bars of a segment

Fig. 6

a perspective view of a segment provided for a corner connection of walls with a lateral plane surface

Fig. 7

a perspective exploded view of a T-shaped connection of two walls in plan

Fig. 8

a perspective view of a possible corner connection between two walls

This in Figure 1 The segment 1 shown consists, for example, of solid wood rods 2, each of which has a regular hexagonal cross section. The solid wood rods 2 form five layers 3.1 to 3.5 arranged next to one another. Cross bores 4.1 to 4.3 are provided in each of the rods 2, with corresponding transverse bores being provided in a common transverse plane of the rods, so that the transverse bores 4.1 of all rods 2 as well as the transverse bores 4.2 and 4.3 are each arranged in a common transverse plane of the segment 1. Said transverse bores 4, 1 to 4, 3 are provided for receiving dowels, through which the rods 2 of the segment 1 are connected to one another or can be connected. Corresponding transverse bores 4, 1 or 4, 2 or 4, 3, regularly form dowel channels running through several rod cross-sections, so that several rods of segment 1 are connected to one another in the transverse direction by a single long dowel. On the front face of segment 1 are in Figure 1 The courses of the transverse bores 4.1 to 4.3 are shown by dashed lines, whereby it can be seen that each layer 3.1 to 3.5 by dowels in the in Figure 1 vertical transverse bores 4.1 can be held together and the dowels in the transverse bores 4.2 and 4.3 can each hold several of the layers 3.1 to 3.5 together.

Furthermore, additional aligned transverse bores 5 can be provided in the rods 2 to form cable ducts or the like.

Such a cable duct 5 is cut open on the front end face of the segment Figure 1 visible.

In the example of Figure 1 the segment 1 shown there is composed of solid wood rods 2. In principle, however, other rods are also conceivable, as already indicated above.

For example, all rods 2 can be penetrated by one or more bores in the longitudinal direction. In addition, instead of the regular hexagonal cross-section, another six-fold rotationally symmetrical cross-section or in particular a circular cross-section can be provided, the diameter of the circular cross-section should correspond to the distance between two diametrically opposite hexagonal sides of the hexagonal cross-section. In such a case it is easily possible to put together a segment partly from bars with a hexagonal cross-section and partly from bars with a circular cross-section, such as the Figure 2 shows.

In the example, the Figure 2 as in the example of Figure 1 five adjacent layers 3.1 to 3.5 are provided, the layers 3.3 and 3.5 being formed by solid wood rods with a regular hexagonal cross-section and the remaining layers 3.1 and 3.2 and 3.4 being formed by rods in the form of tubular profiles will. These tubular profiles can be wound from paper, for example, the paper layers being fixed to one another with a starch-based binding agent. With a wall thickness of approx. 1 cm, tube profiles can be produced with a mechanical load capacity that corresponds to or is even greater than that of solid wood rods. If the diameter of the tubular profiles corresponds to the distance between two diametrically opposite sides of the solid wood profiles with a regular hexagonal cross-section, the solid wood rods 2 and the tubular rods form a honeycomb grid, each rod being accommodated in a honeycomb of the honeycomb grid, the individual honeycombs of which correspond to the cross-section of a solid wood rod.

Incidentally, is made Figure 2 It can be seen that when the layers 3, 1 to 3, 5 are arranged vertically, longitudinal sides extending in the vertical direction are formed on the segment 1, which have the profile of a triangular wave or the profile of periodically successive convex semicircular arcs. At the bottom and the top of the segment are formed long sides with a pronounced channel or rib profile, the upper horizontal long side having two ribs and the opposite lower horizontal long side three longitudinal ribs in the example shown. At the same time is off Figure 2 It is clear how two segments 1, 1 and 1, 2, can be arranged on top of one another at a connection plane or surface arranged in dotted lines. The upper segment 1,1 is placed with its two grooves on the underside of the two ribs on the upper side of the lower segment 1,2 in such a way that the transverse bores 4.1 of both segments 1, which are perpendicular in this position of the segments 1,1 and 1,2 , 1 and 1,2 are aligned. This ensures at the same time that the further transverse bores 4, 2 and 4, 3 of both segments 1, 1 and 1, 2 each lie in a common transverse plane which extends orthogonally to the longitudinal axes of the segments or their rods.

As a rule, the dowels inserted in the vertical transverse bores 4.1 of each segment 1.1 or 1.2 are dimensioned in such a way that they transversely penetrate all rods arranged vertically one above the other. If two segments 1, 1 and 1, 2 are arranged on top of each other, a first fixation of the segments 1, 1 and 1, 2 can be achieved by cutting the dowels in the vertical transverse bores of the upper segment 1, 1 by half a diameter the rods with a circular cross-section or by half a distance between diametrically opposite sides of the hexagonal cross-section are pushed down with appropriate tools, the vertical dowels of the upper segment 1,1 being pushed correspondingly far into the adjoining transverse bores of the lower segment 1,2 and simultaneously Dowels from the lower segment 1.2 are inserted into depressions, not shown, of a base plate or the like on which the lower segment 1.2 rests. In a basically similar way can be moved with the dowels in the transverse bores 4, 2 and 4, 3, whereby provision can also be made, if necessary, in the transverse bores 4, 2 and 4, 3 to the extent that they continue beyond the connection surface 6 in the respective next segment 1, 2 , initially to leave without dowels so that a correspondingly long dowel can be driven in, one half of which is received in the upper segment 1.1 and the other half in the lower segment 1.2. The same applies to the cross bores 4.3.

The Figures 3A to 3F show examples of further combinations of solid wood rods 2 and wound paper tubes, these rods and tubes in turn being accommodated in honeycombs of a virtual regular hexagonal honeycomb pattern. The paper tubes can be filled with a heat insulating material, for example with cellulose flakes. In this way, a wall with high thermal insulation properties can be created. In addition, the pipes also offer advantages in terms of sound technology in that they allow good noise insulation.

Based on Figures 1 to 3 Although the creation of walls from segments 1 to 1,2 was explained, it is understandable that floor or ceiling panels and roof panels can also be assembled in a corresponding manner. In the case of such floor or ceiling panels or roof panels, extra long segments 1 are preferably used if these panels require increased flexural rigidity, otherwise short “standard segments” can also be used here.

The Figure 4 now shows how a ceiling plate 7 can be supported on a wall 8, or how a wall 9 can be placed on the ceiling plate 7 if the longitudinal axes of the rods forming the ceiling plate 7 are transverse to the longitudinal axes of the rods or rods forming the walls 8 and 9 Segments are extended.

Out Figure 4 It can be seen that cutouts 10 are made on the top and bottom of the ceiling plate 7, which correspond to the channel or rib profile of the bottom or top connection surface of the walls 8 and 9, respectively. The shape of the cross section of the millings 10 is from Figure 4 evident. There, a single hexagonal honeycomb of the honeycomb grid accommodating the bars 2 of a segment 1 is shown in broken lines, the cross section of this honeycomb corresponding to the cross section of a bar 2 with a hexagonal cross section. Such a honeycomb can also accommodate a corresponding rod with a circular cross-section, the circumference of the circle tangentially touching all six sides of the honeycomb shown. If the cutouts in the profile of the upper or lower half of the in Figure 5 correspond to hexagonal honeycomb shown, the walls 8 and 9 can be accommodated freely, regardless of whether these walls are composed of bars with a hexagonal cross-section or circular cross-section.

Based on Figures 6 ff. are shown below advantageous constructions for angular or T-shaped interconnected walls.

According to Figure 6 For this purpose, a flat surface 11 can be produced by milling at the end area of a segment 1,1 on a vertical longitudinal side. This planar surface 11 can according to Figure 7 Connect the front end of a segment 1, 2 to butt, so that the elements 1, 1 and 1, 2 form a right angle when viewed from above.

In principle, other angles are also possible. In this case, that end of the segment 1, 2 facing the plane surface 11 of the segment 1, 1 must be cut off at an appropriate angle. If instead of the one in the Figures 6 and 7th shown segments 1,1 with solid wood rods 2 tubular rods or the like are provided, a segment 1,3 can be placed by a milling process, which with its underside rib profile fits on the one hand on the top rib profile of segment 1,2 and on the other hand in the cutouts 12 on the top of segment 1,1.

If the segment 1, 2 is not intended to adjoin the segment 1, 1 at a right angle, the milled recesses 12 must be designed correspondingly at an angle to the longitudinal axes of the bars of the segment 1.

As a result, a form-fitting galvanization between wall parts arranged at an angle to one another can be achieved in this way.

However, the cutouts 12 are not absolutely necessary for a form-fitting galvanizing. As the Figure 8 shows, segments or wall parts arranged at an angle to one another can also be arranged one on top of the other or on one another with planar surfaces adapted to one another. A possibly desired form fit can also be achieved with appropriate dimensioning of the comb-like interlocking end areas of the walls arranged at an angle to one another by aligning at least some of the transverse bores 4, 1 through the respective segments vertically with segments of a corner connection arranged one above the other. This is easily possible if the segments 1, 1 and 1, 2 are dimensioned accordingly. This means that 4.1 dowels can be inserted into these bores in such a way that they are received partly in one segment 1.1 and partly in the other segment 1.2 and accordingly produce a form fit between these segments 1.2.

In the example of Figure 8 are to form continuous planar surfaces on the intersecting segments partially rods 13 with a trapezoidal profile one half of the hexagonal cross-section of a honeycomb is provided. These bars with a trapezoidal profile can optionally also be omitted; in any case, they are not necessary for the stability of an angle connection between wall elements. This is in Figure 8 each shown on the lower horizontal longitudinal sides of the segments that cross each other at an angle, accordingly gutters 14 with a trapezoidal profile remain here.

In case of Figures 6 to 8 angular connections between wall parts are shown, the bars of the segments forming the wall parts being arranged horizontally.

In principle, it is also possible to produce wall parts from segments with vertically arranged rods, the rods then forming a palisade-like arrangement. In such a case, the Figures 6 to 8 The corner connections shown represent a possible connection between a wall made of vertical bars and a ceiling or floor slab.

The Figure 4 shows how a wall can connect to a floor or ceiling slab when the bars of the wall and slab segments are perpendicular to each other.

If, on the other hand, the bars of the wall and plate segments are aligned parallel to one another, the segments of a floor or ceiling plate can laterally adjoin segments of the wall, the wall and plate segments being connected to one another by dowels.

The bottom or top plate then has a cross section corresponding to the segment in Figure 1 , but with a multiple of the layers 3.1 to 3.5.

The walls, floors, ceilings and / or roof surfaces produced with the segments can be provided with basically any cladding in a manner known in principle. In the case of clad parts of the structure, segments that consist exclusively of tubular rods wound from paper can regularly be used inexpensively.

In the case of unclad parts of the building, builders generally prefer segments with visible bars made of wood.

List of reference symbols

1; 1.1; 1.2

segment

2

Rod

3.1; 3.2; 3.3

location

4.1; 4.2; 4.3

Cross hole

5

additional cross hole (cable duct)

6th

Connection surface

7th

Ceiling plate

8th

wall

9

wall

10

Milling

11

Flat surface

12

Milling

13

Bar with a trapezoidal cross-section

14th

Trapezoidal cross-section channel

Claims (12)

1. Construction system having pre-fabricated or pre-mounted segments (1; 1,2; 1,2) for creating walls (8, 9) as well as floor plates and ceiling plates (10) of above-ground structures,
   wherein each segment (1; 1,1; 1,2) is composed of rods (2), extended in longitudinal direction of the segment (1; 1,1; 1,2), having at least sixfold rotationally symmetrical cross-section,
   wherein the rods (2) are arranged so as to be touching one another tangentially with their cross sections in honeycombs of a virtual hexagonal honeycomb pattern and are connected with one another by means of dowels which pass through transverse bores arranged in the rods (2), which transverse bores are provided at predetermined transverse planes of the segments (1; 1,1; 1,2) perpendicularly and centrally to one another diametrically opposite sides of a hexagonal honeycomb of the honeycomb grid,
   characterised in
   that the segments (2) can be positioned or are positioned in longitudinal direction end-to-end forming a basic row, and wherein a further row of the segments (1; 1,1; 1,2) can be positioned or is positioned offset in longitudinal direction on a longitudinal side of the basis row such that the joins between segments (1; 1,1) of the basis row are bridged by segments (1; 1,2) of the further row and transverse bores corresponding to one another in the rods (2) of the segments (1; 1,1) of the basis row and in the rods (2) of the segments (1; 1,2) of the further row are flush with one another,
   that in transverse direction of the rows, segments (1; 1,1; 1,2) adjacent to one another are connected or can be connected with one another by means of dowels which can be set or are set in the transverse bores (4,1; 4,2; 4,3), which are flush with one another, of the adjacent segments (1; 1,1; 1,2).
2. Construction system according to claim 1,
   characterised in
   that the rods (2) have a cross-section in the shape of a regular hexagon, corresponding to a honeycomb of the honeycomb pattern, or have a circular cross-section, the circumference of which touches tangentially all sides of the assigned honeycomb of the hexagonal honeycomb pattern.
3. Construction system according to claim 2,
   characterised in
   that the rods (2) are formed at least in parts in the manner of pipes or are penetrated by at least one longitudinal bore.
4. Construction system according to claim 3,
   characterised in
   that the pipe-like rods (2) and/or the longitudinal bores are filled with a thermally insulating material, for example cellulose flakes.
5. Construction system according to any of claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in
   that segments (1; 1,1; 1,2) of segment rows, adjacent one another, of a wall (8, 9) border upon one another with longitudinal sides at which the honeycomb pattern of the respective segment forms a rib profile or channel profile.
6. Construction system according to any of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in
   that the rods (2) of the segment rows of a wall (8, 9) are aligned horizontally.
7. Construction system according to claim 6,
   characterised in
   that segments (1; 1,1; 1,2) of two walls adjoining one another at an angle, and/or of walls adjoining one another in a T-shape, interlock in a comb-like manner in the manner of a dovetail joint.
8. Construction system according to claim 7,
   characterised in
   that on the segments (1; 1,1; 1,2) interlocking in the manner of a comb are provided milled cut-outs for forming planar border planes between the segments (1; 1,1; 1,2).
9. Construction system according to claim 7 or 8,
   characterised in
   that on the segments (1; 1,1; 1,2) interlocking in the manner of a comb are provided at least in parts milled cut-outs (10, 12) complementary to the outer profile of the respectively other segment (1; 1,1; 1,2).
10. Construction system according to one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in
    that the rods (2) of the segments (1; 1,1; 1,2) of a wall (8, 9) are aligned vertically.
11. Construction system according to claim 3,
    characterised in
    that the pipe-shaped rods (2) with circular cross-section are wound from paper and the remaining rods (2) are formed as solid wood rods.
12. Construction system according to claim 3 or 11,
    characterised in
    that an above-ground structure is constructed completely or predominantly from segments (1; 1,1; 1,2) which have only pipe-like rods (2).

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