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WO2004051167A1 - Dispositif de gazeification ou d'oxydation d'un carburant energetique - Google Patents

Dispositif de gazeification ou d'oxydation d'un carburant energetique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004051167A1
WO2004051167A1 PCT/SE2003/001877 SE0301877W WO2004051167A1 WO 2004051167 A1 WO2004051167 A1 WO 2004051167A1 SE 0301877 W SE0301877 W SE 0301877W WO 2004051167 A1 WO2004051167 A1 WO 2004051167A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
intermediate space
ceramic lining
ability
bridge member
thermal bridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE2003/001877
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bengt Nilsson
Zia Abdullah
Peter J. Gorog
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chemrec AB
Original Assignee
Chemrec AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chemrec AB filed Critical Chemrec AB
Priority to AU2003302492A priority Critical patent/AU2003302492A1/en
Publication of WO2004051167A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004051167A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for the gasification or oxidizing of an energy containing fuel, which device comprises a reactor volume, which is provided with a burner, a reactor shell and a ceramic lining, an intermediate space being provided between said reactor shell and said ceramic lining.
  • the device has been developed especially for the recovery of chemicals and energy by sub-stoichiometric gasification of a waste liquor from the production of chemical paper pulp, preferably a black liquor, whereby said reactor volume also comprises an outlet leading to a separator section for separation of a phase of solid or melt material from a phase of combustible gaseous material, formed in the gasification.
  • the device may however also be used in connection with the gasification, or combustion under oxidising conditions, of other types of energy containing fuels.
  • Black liquor and other residual chemicals formed in the manufacture of paper pulp may be gasified in a reactor having a ceramic lining which should be resistant both to the gasification products that are formed and to the high temperatures that prevail in the gasification process, typically 900-1200°C.
  • a ceramic lining which is more or less inert to the atmosphere is difficult to identify today.
  • the behaviour of the ceramic lining is difficult to fully predict.
  • the lining may expand due to reactions with penetrating chemicals, it may crack and be filled by process chemicals and expand due to that reason, it may experience ratcheting etc.
  • a solid phase melt fraction of the chemicals is a low viscosity liquid which may penetrate the lining, or it may evaporate and then penetrate the lining.
  • WO 01/37984 is it known instead to arrange a pipe coil for cooling purposes in the intermediate space between the ceramic lining and the reactor shell.
  • the pipe coil may moreover be embedded in a filler material, such as a graphite compound.
  • DE 3,908,206 discloses a lining for an installation operated at the very high temperatures of over 1700°C or even over 1900°C.
  • the design includes a supporting body for the lining, which supporting body may have a corrugated structure. It is however not taught in DE 3,908,206 to provide a steep temperature profile in the ceramic lining, but rather it is taught that the intermediate space which holds the supporting body should have a heat conductivity corresponding to a conventional insulation.
  • a device for the gasification or oxidizing of an energy containing fuel which device comprises a reactor volume, which is provided with a burner, a reactor shell and a ceramic lining, an intermediate space being provided between said reactor shell and said ceramic lining, and which device eliminates or at least diminishes the above mentioned problems.
  • it is an object to provide such a device which exhibits a steep and well controlled temperature profile in the ceramic lining and the reactor shell but which at the same time allows for reversible or irreversible expansion to take place in the ceramic lining, with known and limited stresses on the reactor steel vessel.
  • a well controlled, more steep, temperature profile will secure the area of the alkaline compunds
  • the basic principle of the present invention is to design an intermediate space between the ceramic lining and the reactor pressure shell such that the intermediate space constitutes an expansion room which holds a thermal bridge member, which thermal bridge member has the ability to improve transmission of heat energy (i.e. improve heat con- ductivity) from the ceramic lining to the reactor shell and which at the same time has the ability to absorb a defined counter pressure by the expansion forces from the ceramic lining.
  • the thermal bridge member itself has the ability to transfer thermal energy by means for improved conduction of heat, preferably having a heat conductivity of at least 0.15 W/m-K, preferably at least 0.20 W/m-K and even more preferred at least 0.30 W/m-K.
  • said thermal bridge member has the ability to absorb or counteract expansion forces from the ceramic lining by a metal structure having the ability to mechanically absorb or counteract said expansion forces, which metal structure preferably is chosen from the group that consists of a metal foam, a dimple foil and a resilient spring member, preferably a leaf spring member or a cup spring member and even more preferred a corrugated plate spring member.
  • the thermal bridge member should be designed to have the capability to absorb or counteract a predicted expansion force of 0.5 - 4.0 MPa, preferably 1.0 - 4.0 MPa and even more preferred 1.5 - 4.0 MPa.
  • the metal structure being a metal foam or a dimple foil or the like, it preferably fills essentially entire the intermediate space or at least a vertically extended part thereof.
  • the structure has a double function - the metal foam or the dimple foil has the ability both to transfer heat energy by conduction and to absorb expansion forces and/or transfer expansion forces to the reactor steel vessel.
  • the metal structure will, over time, be consumed in terms of its ability to absorb expansion forces.
  • a cooling system is arranged on the outside of the reactor shell, which cooling system preferably is a gas cooling system, i.e. operating by forced air convection.
  • the thermal bridge member itself has the ability to remove thermal energy by means of forced convection, preferably at the above mentioned effects.
  • means is arranged for the formation of an air or gas flow in said intermediate space. It is especially preferred that this cooling air or gas flow is used downstream said intermediate space as a preheated combustion air which is evenly distributed to the burner by special distributing means.
  • the metal structure is a resilient spring member which has the ability to counteract expansion forces and to transfer the forces to the reactor steel vessel. The resilient spring member will result in a well defined back-pressure, keeping the ceramic lining in place and effecting a reversible expansion of the same. If the forced convection in the intermediate space is efficient enough, there may be no need for a cooling system on the outside of the reactor shell.
  • the intermediate space may comprise at least one heat conducting filler material, preferably a particulate or flake filler material, which material preferably fills essentially entire the intermediate space or at least a vertically extended part thereof.
  • a conceivable particle size for the filler material is 0.05 - 2 mm, preferably 0.05 - 1 mm and even more preferred 0.05 - 0.2 mm.
  • the gas or air flow may be arranged only to cool an upper dome part of the intermediate space, in which case a cooling system on the outside of the reactor shell cylindrical part may be needed as a complement.
  • the thermal bridge member has the ability to absorb or counteract expansion forces from the ceramic lining during transferring to the reactor steel vessel, both in a vertical direction and in a horizontal direction.
  • the basic concept of the invention is the temperature control through the entire lining thickness, including the pressure vessel shell. This includes full temperature control of the outer part of the back-up ceramic lining, i.e. in a surface of the ceramic lining facing the intermediate space, not exceeding 550°C, preferably not exceeding 500 °C, even more preferred not exceeding 400°C and most preferred not exceeding 300°C. If, contrary to the invention, a thick fibre insulation is used in the intermediate space expansion room, it will be impossible not to exceed the just mentioned temperature range.
  • the energy cont- ⁇ i-aing fuel is a liquor or liquid, especially a waste liquor from the production of chemical paper pulp, preferably a black liquor, whereby the reactor volume also comprises an outlet leading to a separator section for separation of a phase of solid or melt material from a phase of combustible gaseous material, formed in the gasification.
  • the reactor operates at a pressure of 1.5 - 150 bar (abs), preferably 1.5 - 50 bar.
  • An atmospheric pressure is however also con- ceivable.
  • the temperature in the reactor may be 500 - 1600°C, preferably 700 - 1300°C and even more preferred 900 - 1200°C.
  • the gasification is sub-stoichiometric, i.e. without sufficient oxygen for a complete combustion, whereby a combustible gas is instead produced, which gas in the case of a black liquor feed-stock mainly consists of CO, H 2 , H 2 S, CH 4 and CO 2 .
  • a smelt phase produced mainly consists of Na 2 S, Na 2 CO 3 and NaOH.
  • the invention is however applicable for gasification or combustion of all types of energy containing fuels, e.g. hydrocarbon based fuels.
  • Fig. 1 is showing an upper section of a device according to a first embodiment of the invention, as seen from the side in cross-section
  • Fig. 2 is showing a cross-section of the design in Fig. 1, as seen from above
  • Fig. 3 is showing a temperature profile through the design shown in Fig. 2
  • Fig. 4 is showing a device according to a second embodiment of the invention, as seen from the side in cross-section
  • Fig. 5 is showing an upper section of a variant of the second embodiment, as seen from the side in cross-section
  • Fig. 6 is showing a cross-section of the design in Fig. 4 or 5, as seen from above
  • Fig. 7 is showing a temperature profile through the design shown in Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention in the form of a device for the gasification of an energy containing liquor or liquid, which device comprises a reactor volume generally denoted 10, which is provided with a burner 12, a reactor pressure vessel shell 14 and a ceramic refractory lining 16, 18.
  • the ceramic lining may be composed of an inner wear layer 16 and an outer back layer 18.
  • An intermediate space 20 is provided between said reactor shell 14 and said ceramic lining 16, 18.
  • the intermediate space 20, or at least a vertically extended part thereof typically has a width of about 20 - 60 mm, preferably 30 - 50 mm, while the width increases towards an upper dome part of the reactor volume.
  • the intermediate space 20 holds a metal structure 22 which consists of a metal foam or a dimple foil.
  • the metal structure 22 has both a good heat conductivity, of at least 0.15 W/m-K, preferably at least 0.20 W/m-K and even more preferred at least 0.30 W/m-K, and a well defined ability to absorb expansion forces from the ceramic lining 16, 18. More specifically, the metal foam structure may collapse at least partly when the metal foam is exposed to expansion forces from the lining 16, 18, or the dimples of the dimple foil may collapse at least patly in a corresponding manner, allowing the ceramic lining 16, 18 to expand.
  • a shroud cooling system in which a cooling air flow 15 is brought to pass, by not shown fan means, through a space 26 between the shell 14 and a hood 24, essentially at atmospheric pressure.
  • Fig. 3 shows the temperature profile in the different layers of the design according to Fig. 2.
  • the temperature profile is controlled to be steep enough to effect that a condensing or solidification of alkaline compounds penetrating the ceramic lining 16, 18, takes place well within the same, preferably within the back layer 18.
  • the temperature region for the condensation and solidification of alkaline compounds produced in connection with the gasification of black liquor is normally between 300 and 650°C.
  • the wear layer 16 and the back layer 18 are arranged according to the teachings of WO 01/37984, which document is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of the invention in the form of a device for the gasification of an energy containing liquor or liquid, which device comprises a reactor volume generally denoted 10, which is provided with a burner 12, a reactor pressure vessel shell 14 and a ceramic refractory lining 16, 18.
  • the ceramic lining may be composed of an inner wear layer 16 and an outer back layer 18, in the same way as is described in relation to Fig's. 1-3.
  • An intermediate space 20 is provided between said reactor shell 14 and said ceramic lining 16, 18.
  • the intermediate space 20 typically has a width of about 20 - 60 mm, preferably 30 - 50 mm, at least in a vertically extended part thereof.
  • the intermediate space may be of significantly greater dimensions, allowing for expansion in a vertical direction.
  • This upper part of the intermediate space has generally been denoted 42 in the drawings.
  • the intermediate space 20 holds a metal structure 22 which consists of a resilient spring member.
  • the metal structure 22 consisting of a resilient spring member is best shown in Fig. 6. It may beneficially be composed of a leaf spring member or a cup spring member and more preferred a wavy or corrugated plate spring member of steel, which at least in one or in a few places is overlapping itself as is shown in Fig. 6, in order for its resiliency not to be impaired and in order for it to be able to fully accommodate an expansion in the ceramic lining 16, 18.
  • a support steel plate 28 could beneficially be arranged as a supporting structure between the spring member 22 and the ceramic lining 16, 18. The support plate 28 is at least in one or in a few places overlapping itself as is shown in Fig. 6, in order for it to be able to accommodate an expansion in the ceramic lining 16, 18.
  • the intermediate space 20 may be filled with at least one heat conducting filler material, preferably a particulate or flake filler material and even more preferred a particulate or flake graphite filler material 30, which material preferably fills essentially entire the intermediate space 20, or at least a vertically extended part thereof, including both sides of the spring member 22.
  • the spring member 22 may be provided with holes to allow for filler movements.
  • a forced convection cooling system may be arranged, operating to provide a cooling air flow 25 in the intermediate space 20.
  • the cooling air is pressurised by pressurising means 35, such as a compressor.
  • pressurising means 35 such as a compressor.
  • the now preheated air is optionally, but beneficially, evenly distributed to the burner 12 as combustion air, via a number of intakes 34 surrounding the same. Any excess air may be withdrawn via an "overflow" outlet 36 arranged in the shell 14 of the upper intermediate space 42.
  • the air flow 25 has a drying and venting effect on the steel material in the intermediate space 20, 42. Also, the design makes efficient use of heat which is otherwise lost.
  • a shroud cooling system 15, 24, 26 may be provided in the same way as is shown and described in relation with Fig's 1-3.
  • Fig. 4 is also showing a part of an outlet 44 leading to a separator section (not shown) for the separation of a gaseous gasification product from a solid or molten product.
  • Fig. 5 is showing an upper section of a variant of the second embodiment, as seen from the side in cross-section.
  • the forced convection cooling air flow 25 is supplied, via not shown pressurising means and an inlet 40 in upper part of the shell 14, level with the upper part 42 of the intermediate space and above a filler material level.
  • a cooling of the ceramic lining is effected at the same time as the air is preheated for subsequent use as combustion air, it being evenly distributed to the burner 12 via a number of intakes 34 surrounding the same.
  • Fig. 7 shows the temperature profile in the different layers of the design according to Fig. 6.
  • the thermal bridge member comprising the resilient spring member 22 together with the filler material 30 or the forced convection cooling air flow in the intermediate space 20, will result both in an improved heat conductivity and an ability to absorb defined expansion forces from the ceramic lining 16, 18.
  • the temperature profile is controlled to be steep enough to effect that a condensing or solidification of alkaline compounds penetrating the ceramic lining 16, 18, takes place at a predestined point in the ceramic lining, preferably within the back layer 18.
  • the wear layer 16 and the back layer 18 are arranged according to the teachings of WO 01/37984.
  • a heat transfer calculation was performed for a dimple foil of initially 40 mm and the case when it has been compressed to 25 mm and 15 mm, respectively.
  • a heat transfer calculation was performed for a metal foam of initially 40 mm and the case when it has been compressed to 25 mm and 15 mm, respectively.
  • calculations were made for an insulation of 40 mm and 10 mm, respectively.
  • the input data was 1000°C hot face temperature, 300 mm ceramic lining, intermediate space according to simulation case, 20 mm steel vessel shell, 20°C outside temperature and a forced convection on the outside corresponding to 10 m/s air velocity.
  • Table 1 is the temperature on the inside of the intermediate space, filled with dimple foil, metal foam or insulation, and T2 which is the temperature on the outside of the intermediate space.
  • TI which is the temperature on the inside of the intermediate space, filled with dimple foil, metal foam or insulation
  • T2 which is the temperature on the outside of the intermediate space.
  • the temperature TI constitutes the lower end of the temperature profile over the ceramic lining which is relevant for condensation/solidification of alkaline compounds.
  • the temperature T2 determines the risk of condensation of steam at the prevailing conditions.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de gazéification ou d'oxydation d'un carburant énergétique, qui comprend un volume de réacteur (10) doté d'un brûleur (12), une coque de réacteur (14) et une garniture céramique (16, 18), la coque de réacteur et la garniture céramique étant séparés par un espace intermédiaire (20, 42). Selon l'invention, l'espace intermédiaire (20, 42) constitue une chambre d'expansion qui retient un élément de pont thermique (22, 25, 30), lequel peut transférer l'énergie thermique de la garniture céramique (16, 18) à la coque de réacteur (14) et absorber ou contrebalance des forces d'expansion définies émanant de la garniture céramique lors d'une chute de température régulée par le biais de la garniture céramique et de la coque de réacteur.
PCT/SE2003/001877 2002-12-04 2003-12-04 Dispositif de gazeification ou d'oxydation d'un carburant energetique Ceased WO2004051167A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003302492A AU2003302492A1 (en) 2002-12-04 2003-12-04 Device for the gasification or oxidization of an energy containing fuel

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0203605-1 2002-12-04
SE0203605A SE0203605D0 (sv) 2002-12-04 2002-12-04 Device for the gasification or oxidization of an energy containing fuel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004051167A1 true WO2004051167A1 (fr) 2004-06-17

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PCT/SE2003/001877 Ceased WO2004051167A1 (fr) 2002-12-04 2003-12-04 Dispositif de gazeification ou d'oxydation d'un carburant energetique

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AU (1) AU2003302492A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE0203605D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004051167A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007030078A3 (fr) * 2005-09-07 2007-05-03 Chemrec Ab Procede d'agencement d'une barriere chimique dans un reacteur de gazeification pour liqueur noire, reacteur de gazeification chimique, couche barriere d'un reacteur, et procede de fabrication d'un bloc de construction pour une telle couche barriere
EP2404984A3 (fr) * 2010-05-21 2012-05-30 General Electric Company Système de protection des surfaces de gazogène contre la corrosion
WO2012173566A1 (fr) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-20 Chemrec Ab Réacteur de gazéification comportant une structure déformable absorbant la pression

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR613987A (fr) * 1926-04-02 1926-12-03 Utilisation Des Combustibles S Dispositif de construction des parois de foyers
US1661742A (en) * 1923-12-19 1928-03-06 Pine Waste Products Inc Reducing and smelting furnace
DE1260700B (de) * 1962-08-16 1968-02-08 Demag Ag Gefaess zur Aufnahme von Metall- oder Stahlschmelzen
JPS5464506A (en) * 1977-11-02 1979-05-24 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Intumescenttablator
DE3908206A1 (de) * 1989-03-14 1990-10-31 Linn High Therm Gmbh Isolierung fuer eine hochtemperatur-heizeinrichtung und verwendung derselben
WO1994029517A1 (fr) * 1993-06-10 1994-12-22 Kvaerner Pulping Technologies Ab Reacteur de gazeification de liqueurs de dechets de cellulose, notamment de liqueur noire
WO2000060162A1 (fr) * 1999-04-01 2000-10-12 Chemrec Aktiebolag Appareil de gazeification de liqueur epuisee
WO2001037984A1 (fr) * 1999-11-26 2001-05-31 Kvaerner Chemrec Ab Revetement ceramique isolant d'un reacteur de gazeification de produits residuels de la fabrication de pate

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1661742A (en) * 1923-12-19 1928-03-06 Pine Waste Products Inc Reducing and smelting furnace
FR613987A (fr) * 1926-04-02 1926-12-03 Utilisation Des Combustibles S Dispositif de construction des parois de foyers
DE1260700B (de) * 1962-08-16 1968-02-08 Demag Ag Gefaess zur Aufnahme von Metall- oder Stahlschmelzen
JPS5464506A (en) * 1977-11-02 1979-05-24 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Intumescenttablator
DE3908206A1 (de) * 1989-03-14 1990-10-31 Linn High Therm Gmbh Isolierung fuer eine hochtemperatur-heizeinrichtung und verwendung derselben
WO1994029517A1 (fr) * 1993-06-10 1994-12-22 Kvaerner Pulping Technologies Ab Reacteur de gazeification de liqueurs de dechets de cellulose, notamment de liqueur noire
WO2000060162A1 (fr) * 1999-04-01 2000-10-12 Chemrec Aktiebolag Appareil de gazeification de liqueur epuisee
WO2001037984A1 (fr) * 1999-11-26 2001-05-31 Kvaerner Chemrec Ab Revetement ceramique isolant d'un reacteur de gazeification de produits residuels de la fabrication de pate

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 197927, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1979-49738B, XP002980018 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007030078A3 (fr) * 2005-09-07 2007-05-03 Chemrec Ab Procede d'agencement d'une barriere chimique dans un reacteur de gazeification pour liqueur noire, reacteur de gazeification chimique, couche barriere d'un reacteur, et procede de fabrication d'un bloc de construction pour une telle couche barriere
JP2009507206A (ja) * 2005-09-07 2009-02-19 ケムレック アクチェボラグ 黒液用ガス化反応器に化学バリアを配備する方法、化学ガス化反応器、反応器のバリア層、およびこのようなバリア層のための建造ブロックの製造方法
RU2403228C2 (ru) * 2005-09-07 2010-11-10 Кемрек Актиеболаг Способ организации химического защитного слоя в реакторе газификации щелока натронной варки, химический реактор газификации, защитный слой реактора и способ изготовления структурного элемента для такого защитного слоя
CN101258116B (zh) * 2005-09-07 2012-05-23 坎雷克股份公司 在黑液气化反应器内布置化学阻隔层的方法、化学气化反应器、反应器的阻隔层和制造这种阻隔层标准砌块的方法
US9175439B2 (en) 2005-09-07 2015-11-03 Chemrec Aktiebolag Method for arranging a chemical barrier in a gasifying reactor for black liquor, a chemical gasifying reactor, a barrier layer of a reactor and a method for manufacturing a building block for such a barrier layer
EP2404984A3 (fr) * 2010-05-21 2012-05-30 General Electric Company Système de protection des surfaces de gazogène contre la corrosion
US8372251B2 (en) 2010-05-21 2013-02-12 General Electric Company System for protecting gasifier surfaces from corrosion
WO2012173566A1 (fr) * 2011-06-17 2012-12-20 Chemrec Ab Réacteur de gazéification comportant une structure déformable absorbant la pression
CN103827618A (zh) * 2011-06-17 2014-05-28 坎雷克股份公司 包括压力吸收柔性结构的气化反应器

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Publication number Publication date
SE0203605D0 (sv) 2002-12-04
AU2003302492A1 (en) 2004-06-23

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