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WO2003008188A1 - A transparent plate of transparency-controlled by pressure - Google Patents

A transparent plate of transparency-controlled by pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003008188A1
WO2003008188A1 PCT/CN2002/000315 CN0200315W WO03008188A1 WO 2003008188 A1 WO2003008188 A1 WO 2003008188A1 CN 0200315 W CN0200315 W CN 0200315W WO 03008188 A1 WO03008188 A1 WO 03008188A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transparent
glass
transparent plate
transparency
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2002/000315
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhongming Wang
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2003008188A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003008188A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/023—Optical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
    • C09J7/25—Plastics; Metallised plastics based on macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0128—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects
    • G02F1/0131—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2203/334—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils as a label
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2411—Coloured fluid flow for light transmission control

Definitions

  • Transparent board for controlling transparency with pressure
  • the invention belongs to a method for adjusting transparency of a transparent plate including a glass material by using air pressure.
  • Glass as a better light-transmitting material has been widely used in modern life, but it is also because the transparency of general glass is fixed, and the transparency of a large number of coated glass and solar film for paste is also fixed. .
  • dimmable functional glasses that use multiple principles or work in different ways have been developed as window glass, but basically they are mainly based on electrochromic working methods. There are various methods such as liquid crystal, suspended particles, and electrolytic plating. Their basic working principles are different, but basically there are problems such as complex structures and high production costs.
  • liquid crystal type color-changing glass technology is relatively mature and has already begun to have certain applications in the market. Although it has the characteristics of simple working method and good technical performance, but due to its expensive construction, it is difficult to popularize and apply this type of structure in a short period of time.
  • Japanese patent application No. JP203894A2 named ((PRODUCTION OF LIGHT— CONTROLLING GLASS AND LIGHT—CONTROLLING GLASS PRODUCED THEREB)
  • the effect of controlling the generation and disappearance of air bubbles in insulating glass on the transparency of glass is used to achieve the purpose of dimming
  • Japanese Patent Application No. JP155345A2 titled "WI DOW USING LIGHT CONTROLLING GLASS” technology, the method of generating and eliminating aerosol in sealed laminated glass is used to make the glass have different transparency, and then achieve the sandwich Glass has a dimming effect.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for adjusting the transparency of a transparent plate including a glass material using air pressure. It is characterized by a soft and transparent functional film sandwiched between two transparent sheets with a certain hardness and sealed at the periphery. The degree of pressure exerted on the functional films by the two transparent sheets is changed by changing the internal and external air pressure. Changes in transparency throughout the transparent board.
  • the method of the present invention is implemented as follows:
  • the functional film is made of a soft and elastic transparent material, and at least one surface of the functional film is distributed with minute bumps and crisscross exhaust grooves. This function
  • the film is sandwiched between two transparent thin plates with a certain hardness.
  • the closed space formed by the peripheries of the two thin plates is sealed, and there is a pipe to the outside where appropriate.
  • the pipe communicates with the outside world, the internal and external air pressure is balanced, the functional film and the transparent flat plate are in a natural separation state, and the light passes through the transparent material and is evenly opaque due to the evenly distributed tiny bumps on the functional film.
  • the functional film When the air enclosed by the functional film between the two sheets is extracted through a pipe, the functional film is made of a soft and elastic transparent material, and the surface of the functional film is evenly distributed with small bumps and bumps after being pressed by the sheet. Flattening deformation makes the gap between the functional film and the transparent film disappear and becomes a whole, and the light can be directly transmitted and become transparent.
  • the transparent plate with adjustable transparency made by the present invention can be made of various transparent glasses or plastics, such as a glass with controllable transparency, a plastic plate with controllable transparency, and the like.
  • the transparent glass of all the windows, doors and curtain walls currently in use can also be transformed to make it a controlled transparency glass.
  • the control method is also very simple. When it is required to be transparent, it can be kept in a transparent state after manual or electric extraction. When it is not needed, the control valve can be deflated to deflate.
  • the production and control method of the invention has advantages such as convenient installation, reliable work, good durability, unlimited working area, ideal light transmission effect, simple adjustment and control system, and low cost.
  • other processes or conditions do not require energy consumption.
  • Particularly suitable for the modification of existing glass to make it have the function of controllable transparency Figure i
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of a transparent plate with pressure controlled transparency
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a functional film structure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure when the material of the transparent plate is a transparent plastic sheet
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure when the material of the transparent plate is transparent glass
  • Figure 5 shows the working principle when the pressure control system is manual
  • Fig. 6 is a working principle diagram when the pressure control system is electric.
  • the device consists of two transparent thin plates 1 and 2, with a functional film 3 sandwiched between them.
  • the film 3 is made of a soft, transparent and elastic colloid material.
  • the sealant 4 is processed with a special pattern on at least one side to seal the two transparent sheets, and is composed of a catheter .5 led out at an appropriate position.
  • the conduit 5 communicates with the outside world without pressure difference, the functional film 3 and the two transparent sheets 1 and 2 are in a free state, and the light enters the transparent material and is diffused by the special pattern on the functional film 3 to become opaque. .
  • the air surrounding the functional film 3 enclosed between the two transparent sheets 1 and 2 is drawn out through the pipe 5, and the internal and external pressure difference increases.
  • the transparent sheets 1 and 2 are compressed and deformed. Since the functional film 3 is made of a soft and elastic material, all the patterns on the functional film 3 are deformed and pressed against the transparent sheets 1 and 2, and the gap disappears into a joint. As a whole, the light can go straight and become transparent.
  • the functional film 3 with adjustable transparency is made of elastic colloid material.
  • the special pattern on at least one side is composed of tiny uneven grains and crisscross small grooves.
  • the tiny uneven grains can diffuse the incident light, and the small grooves can smooth the gas distributed around the particles when the functional film is pressed Squeeze out.
  • the functional film can be made of transparent thermoplastic elastomer or transparent silicone colloid material, and its hardness should be less than 30 Shore hardness.
  • the material of the transparent plate is a transparent plastic sheet
  • the basic structure is as shown in the figure, and the two transparent plastic sheets 1 and 2 sandwiching the transparent functional film 3 are directly heated and fused together or sealed with one another.
  • the material of the sheet can be made of methyl methacrylate polymer, linear (half-one) aromatic polyester, or polystyrene transparent plastic.
  • the material of the transparent plate is transparent glass
  • its basic structure is shown in the figure.
  • one side strip 6 is adhered to the periphery of one glass 1, and the joint between the periphery of the other glass 2 and the side strip 6 is sealed with a sealant 7.
  • the two pieces of glass can be moved relatively slightly in parallel.
  • FIG. 5 a schematic diagram of the working principle when the pressure control system is manual.
  • the duct 02 led from the gap between two transparent sheets of an adjustable transparency window 01 leads to a controllable normally closed valve 03 and check valve 05, and the other end of the check valve 05 is connected to the manual suction pump 06 and The other one-way valve 04 is connected.
  • the piston of the pump is pushed back and forth by hand to extract the air enclosed in the transparent sheet, and the functional film is clamped by the transparent sheet to become transparent under the action of atmospheric pressure.
  • the control button of valve 03 is pressed by hand, air enters and the functional film returns to its original state.
  • FIG. 6 a schematic diagram of the working principle when the pressure control system is electric.
  • a duct 12 led from two transparent sheets of an adjustable transparency window 11 is connected to an electromagnetic on-off valve 13 and an electric suction pump 14 respectively.
  • an electromagnetic on-off valve 13 and an electric suction pump 14 When working, it is necessary to open the pump 14 when the window is transparent. After a certain degree of vacuum is drawn, the pump 13 will automatically shut down and shut down. Open the solenoid on / off valve 13 if the window is opaque.
  • a plastic plate with controllable transparency uses two transparent plastic sheets with a certain hardness on the surface.
  • a functional film with controllable transparency is sandwiched between the two sides and sealed at the periphery.
  • a duct is introduced at an appropriate place to make a piece that can bend a certain degree of arc.
  • Plastic sheet with controlled transparency Place the sheet or stick it wherever transparency is needed, and connect the tubing to the appropriate valve and pump connections. This sheet is glued or placed on various flat or irregular curved glass, such as various curved architectural glass, automobile side and rear glass, etc., which can make these glasses have the function of controllable transparency.
  • Controllable transparency glass take a piece of transparent glass as the bottom glass, put a functional film with controllable transparency, and then cover a piece of transparent glass or a transparent plastic sheet, and seal its periphery with the edge of the bottom glass.
  • the tube is led out locally, and the tube is connected to the corresponding control valve and pump interface to become a truly controllable and transparent glass.
  • the glass can be assembled on site after being assembled at the factory, or it can retrofit all existing glass. For example, it is possible to modify the existing various kinds of movable doors and windows glass, and then install the control valve and manual pump in the glass frame, with manual control as the main control. Usually the glass is in an opaque state.
  • the suction pump makes the glass transparent like pulling a curtain by hand.
  • the transparency control method can be mainly based on electric remote control or automatic control.
  • the functional film sandwiched in the transparent sheet can also produce various specified patterns or characters, or put some required patterns or characters on the inside and outside of the sheet. These patterns or characters are not visible when the board is in an opaque state. Once in a transparent state, the patterns or characters can be seen in a transparent sheet.
  • the glass In use, it is sometimes required to control the transparency in a region of a piece of glass.
  • the glass can be separated by the functional film to close the required closed partition space, and the ducts communicating with these closed spaces can be controlled to achieve this goal.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Description

一种用压力控制透明度的透明板
本发明所属技术领域
本发明属一种利用气压来调节包括玻璃材料在内透明板的透明度。
在本发明之前的现有技术
玻璃作为一种较好的透光材料在现代生活中已获得广泛的应用， 但也正因为 一般玻璃制出后其透明度是固定的， 大量应用的镀膜玻璃和粘贴用太阳膜的透明 度也是固定的。 而在现实生活中由于天气， 环境和各种原因的影响， 人们又希望 玻璃可随着不同的需要而任意控制改变其透明度。 为达到这一目的， 目前已经研 制开发了利用多种原理或不同方式工作的可调光的功能玻璃作为窗口玻璃， 但基 本上都是以电致变色的工作方式为主， 这其中有分为液晶、 悬浮粒子类、 电解电 镀类等多种方式， 它们的基本工作原理各不相同， 但基本上都存在有结构复杂、 生产成本高等问题。 其中液晶类变色玻璃技术较为成熟， 已经幵始在市场上有一 定的应用。 尽管其具有工作方式简单、 技术性能好等特点， 但由于其昂贵的造价， 决定了这类结构在短期内的很难大量推广应用。
为了从根本上解决上述这些电致变色技术制成的调光玻璃造价高等问题， 在 日本专利申请号 JP6043500A2, 名称为 《LIGHT CONTROLLONG LAMINATED GLASS》 技术中介绍了一种玻璃调光技术， 其工作原理为： 在夹层玻璃中间， 有 加热器使凝胶与溶胶相互转换导致的透明度变化。 日本专利申请号 JP019566A2 名成为 《LIGHT CONTROLLABLE GLASS STRUCTURE)) 技术中， 介绍了一种 调光玻璃的工作方式： 在一块周边密封的中空玻璃内， 装有电极和电解液， 通过 .控制电解液中气泡的增大或缩小来控制玻璃透明度的大小。 日本专利申请号 JP203894A2, 名称为 （(PRODUCTION OF LIGHT— CONTROLLING GLASS AND LIGHT—CONTROLLING GLASS PRODUCED THEREB》 技术中， 釆用了控制 中空玻璃中气泡的产生和消失对玻璃透明度的影响来达到调光的目的。 而在日本 专利申请号 JP155345A2, 名称位 《WI DOW USING LIGHT CONTROLLING GLASS》 技术中， 则釆用了在密封的夹层玻璃中产生和消除气雾的方法使玻璃产 生不同的透明度， 进而达到该夹层玻璃具有调光的效果。 以上这些结构由于不用 双面透明电极和其.他物理或化学的电致变色材料， 有可能大大地降低调光玻璃的 造价。 但由于其结构特点也存在一些不足之处： 如工作时的稳定性和可靠性较差， 受环境温度影响较大， 大面积均匀度不好等特点。 决定了这类结构在推广应用中 会受到一定的影响。 在中国专利号 99109913.3 和 99109970.2 的两项申请， 名称 '均为 《一种可调透光薄膜的制作方法》 的专利申请中， 介绍了一种利用压力来调 节透明薄膜透明度的薄膜结构。 经实际应用测试表明， 这种薄膜在抽气变为透明 后， 由于薄膜太软， 容易产生光学畸变现象， 使用效果不够理想。
本发明的目的
本发明的目的是提供一种利用气压来调节包括玻璃材料在内透明板的透明 度。 其特点为在两块具有一定硬度并且周边密封的透明薄板中间， 夹有一块柔软 透明并且有凹凸不平表面的功能薄膜， 通过内外气压改变使两块透明薄板对功能 薄膜的施压程度， 来改变整个透明板透明度的变化。
本发明 技术方案
• 本发明方式以如下方式来实现： 功能薄膜用柔软而富于弹性的透明材料制 造， 其至少有一面的表层分布有微小的凹凸点和相应纵横交错的排气沟。 此功能 薄膜夹在两块具有一定硬度的透明薄板中间， 这两块薄扳周边密封形成的封闭空 间， 适当地方有一管道通外界。 当管道与外界相通时， 内外气压平衡， 功能薄膜 与透明平板处于自然分离状态， 光线经过透明材料后被功能薄膜上的均匀分布微 小凹凸点漫舌而变得不透明。 而当通过管道将封闭在两薄板之间内功能薄膜周围 的空气抽出后， 由于功能薄膜是用柔软而富于弹性的透明材料制成的， 受压后功 能薄膜表面均匀分布微小凹凸点被薄板压平变形， 使功能薄膜与透明薄膜之间的 间隙消失而合为一体， 光线可以直射而变为透明。
采用本发明制成的可调透明度的透明板， 可以用各种透明玻璃或者塑料制 成， 如制成可控透明度的玻璃， 可控透明度的塑料板等。 也可对目前所有正在使 用的门窗和幕墙的透明玻璃进行改造， 使之成为可控透明度的玻璃。 控制方法也 十分简单， 需要透明时用手动或电动抽气后可一直保持处于透明状态， 不需要透 明时， 打幵控制阀放气即可。 本发明的制作与控制方法相对其他的可调控透明度 的结构比较， 具有如安装方便， 工作可靠， 耐久性好， 工作面积不受限制， 透光 效果理想， 调节控制系统简单， 造价低廉， 除在抽气需要耗能外， 其他过程或状 态不需耗能等特点。 特别适合对现有的各种玻璃改造使其具有可控透明度的功 附图 i兑明
以下结合附图实施例进一步说明本发明的基本结构：
图 1是一种用压力控制透明度的透明板基本结构示意图；
图 2是一种功能薄膜结构示意图；
图 3是当透明板的材料为透明塑料薄板的基本结构示意图；
图 4是当透明板的材料为透明玻璃时的基本结构示意图；
图 5时压力控制系统为手动时的工作原理图； ·
图 6是压力控制系统为电动时的工作原理图。
实施例
参照图 1， 一种用压力控制透明度的透明板基本结构如图所示， 装置由两块 透明薄板 1和 2， 夹在中间的功能薄膜 3， 薄膜 3采用柔软透明富于弹性的胶体 材料制成， 并至少在一面加工有特别花紋， 密封两块透明薄板的密封胶 4， 在适. 当位置引出的导管.5组成。 使用时， 当导管 5与外界相通无压力差时， 功能薄膜 3与两块透明薄板 1和 2都处于自由状态， 光线射入透明材料后被功能薄膜 3上 的特别花纹漫射而变得不透明。 当从导管 5向外抽气时， 通过管道 5将封闭在两 块透明薄板 1和 2之间的功能薄膜 3周围的空气抽出， 内外压力差增大， 在外界 大气压作用下功能薄膜 3被两块透明薄板 1和 2压紧变形， 由于功能薄膜 3是用 柔软而富于弹性的材料制作的， 压紧后功能薄膜 3 上花紋全部变形与透明薄板 1 和 2紧贴， 间隙消失而合为一体， 光线可以直射而变为透明。
参照图 2， 可调透明度的功能薄膜 3 用富于弹性的透明胶体材料制成。 至少 有一面的特别花紋是由微小的凹凸粒和纵横交错的小沟组成， 微小的凹凸粒能使 入射的光线漫射， 小沟能使功能薄膜在受挤压时分布在微粒周围的气体顺利挤 出。 制作功能薄膜的材料可采用透明热塑性弹性体或者透明硅胶类胶体材料制 作， 其硬度应低于肖氏硬度 30以下。
' 参照图 3， 当透明板的材料为透明塑料薄板时， 其基本结构如图所示， 在夹 有透明功能薄膜 3的两块透明塑料薄板 1和 2的周边直接加热融为一体或用密封 胶密封。 薄板的材料， 可采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合类、 线性 (半一)芳香族聚酯类 材料或者聚苯类透明塑料制作。
参照图 4， 当透明板的材料为透明玻璃时， 其基本结构如图所示。 在夹有透 明功能薄膜 3的两块透明玻璃中， 一块玻璃 1的周边粘上一边条 6， 另一块玻璃 2的周边与边条 6的接缝用密封胶 7密封。 使两块玻璃在其内部保持密封的前提 下可做微小的相对平行移动。
参照图 5， 当压力控制系统为手动时的工作原理示意图。 从一块可调透明度 窗口 01的两块透明薄板夹缝中引出的导管 02、 分别通向一个可控的常闭阀门 03 和单向阀 05， 单向阀 05的另外一端分别与手动抽气泵 06和另一单向阀 04相连。 工作时， 用手往复推动泵的活塞， 可将封闭在透明薄板中的空气抽出， 在大气压 力作用下功能薄膜被透明薄板夹紧变为透明。 用手按下阀门 03 的控制按钮， 空 气进入， 功能薄膜恢复原状。
参照图 6， 当压力控制系统为电动时的工作原理示意图。 从一块可调透明度 窗口 11的两块透明薄板中引出的导管 12， 分别与一个电磁开关阀 13和一台电动 抽气泵 14相连。 工作时， 需要窗口透明就打幵泵 14， 抽到一定程度的真空后泵 13会自动断电停机。 需要窗口不透明就打开电磁开关阀 13放气。
在实际应用中， 利用本发明可以有很多种实施方式， 一下分别举例说明。 可控透明度的塑料板， 用两块表面具有一定硬度的透明塑料薄板， 中间夹上 可控透明度的功能薄膜后周边密封， 在合适的地方引一根导管， 制成一块能弯曲 一定弧度、 可控透明度的塑料薄板。 将此薄板或放在或粘在任何需要控制透明度 的地方， 把导管接到相应的阀门和泵的接口便可使用。 此薄板粘在或放在各种平 面或者是不规则的曲面玻璃上， 如各种曲面建筑用玻璃、 汽车的侧面和后面玻璃 等， 均可使这些玻璃具有可控透明度的功能。
可控透明度的玻璃， 以一块透明度玻璃为底玻璃， 放上可控透明度的功能薄 膜， 然后再盖上一块透明玻璃、 或者是透明塑料薄板， 并将其周边与底玻璃边密 封， 在合适的地方引出导管， 将导管与相应的控制阀和泵的接口相连即可成为真 正可控透明度的玻璃。 这种玻璃可在工厂装配好后再拉倒现场装配， 也可对所有 现有的玻璃进行改造。 例如可对现有各种面积较小的活动门窗玻璃改造， 然后将 控制阀和手动泵装在玻璃框内， 以手动控制为主， 平时玻璃处于不透明状态， 需 要透明时， 用手拉动框内抽气泵如同用手拉窗帘一样使玻璃透明。 对大面积固定 式玻璃的改造， 如各神玻璃幕墙、 室内玻璃分隔墙等， 在对玻璃改造成可控透明 度的玻璃后， 其透明度的控制方式可采用以电动的遥控或自控方式为主。 为了增强可调透明度透明板的实用性和美观性，.夹在透明薄板中的功能薄膜 还可制作出各种指定的花纹或文字， 或者在薄板的内外放上一些需要的花纹或文 字， 当板处于不透明状态时看不见这些花紋或文字， 一旦处于透明状态后， 花纹 或文字便能在透明薄板中显现出来。 同时， 在制作功能薄膜的材料中还可添加上 其他功能物质， 如某些选择性的金属氧化微粒子， 使功能薄膜同时具有阻隔太阳 的紫外线和红外线的功能。 加上某些色素使之具有颜色等。 最终可使目前正在广 泛应用的、 普通低成本的透明玻璃， 在不需要更换的情况下， 改造成具有可调透 明度、 可高效阻隔紫外线和红外线的高性能玻璃。
在使用中有时要求在一块玻璃中分区域控制透明度， 可在夹有功能薄膜的玻 璃中分隔触需要的封闭分区空间、 并分别控制与这些封闭空间相通的导管来达到 这一目的。

Claims

权 M 要 求
1. 一种压力控制透明度的透明板， 由两块具有一定硬度的透明薄板 1和 2， 中间 夹有一块功能薄膜 3， 两薄板周边密封， 有一与外界相通管道 5等元件组成， 其特征在于： 功能薄膜 3由至少在一面加工有特别花纹的透明胶体材料制成。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的压力控制透明度的透明板， 其特征在于： 功能薄膜 3 至少有一面加工有的花纹由微小的凹凸粒和纵横交错的小沟组成。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的压力控制透明度的透明板， 其特征在于： 功能薄膜' 3 的硬度应低于肖氏硬度 30以下。
4. 根据权利要求 1 或 3 所述的压力控制透明度的透明板， 其特征在于： 功能薄 膜 3可用透明热塑性弹性体类或者透明硅胶类胶体材料制作。
5. 根据权利要求 1 或 4所述的压力控制透明度的透明板， 其特征在于： 功能薄 膜 3的制作材料可添加某些选择性的金属氧化微粒子。
6. 根据权利要求 1 到 5 任一所述的压力控制透明度的透明板， 其特征在于： 透 明薄板的制作可以用甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合物类、 线性 (半一 )芳香族聚酯类、 或 苯乙烯类塑料制成。
7. 根据权利要求 1 到 6任一所述的压力控制透明度的透明板， 其特征在于： 夹 有功能薄腠的两块透明塑料薄板的周边直接加热融为一体或用密封胶密封。
8. 根据权利要求 1 所述的压力控制透明度的透明板， 其特征在于： 透明薄板的 制作材料可以用各种透明玻璃。
9. 根据权利要求 1 或 8 所述的压力控制透明度的透明板， 其特征在于： 一块玻 璃 1的周边上粘上一条边 6， 另一块玻璃 2的周边与边条 6的接缝用密封胶 7 密封。
10. 根据权利要求 1 所述的压力控制透明度的透明板， 其特征在于： 通过导 管 5放入或抽出密封在薄板 1和 2之间的功能薄膜 3周围的空气。
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WO2017048150A1 (ru) * 2015-09-18 2017-03-23 Сергей Анатольевич ДАВЫДЕНКО Элемент многослойный с изменяющимися оптическими свойствами
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