WO2003099931A1 - Carbonaceous composite material - Google Patents
Carbonaceous composite material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003099931A1 WO2003099931A1 PCT/ZA2003/000060 ZA0300060W WO03099931A1 WO 2003099931 A1 WO2003099931 A1 WO 2003099931A1 ZA 0300060 W ZA0300060 W ZA 0300060W WO 03099931 A1 WO03099931 A1 WO 03099931A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbonaceous
- composite material
- resilient
- particulate
- carbonaceous composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
- C08L95/005—Aqueous compositions, e.g. emulsions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
Definitions
- This invention relates to a carbonaceous composite material. More particularly but not exclusively, the invention relates to a carbonaceous composite material suitable for use in producing a resilient load bearing layer, a resilient water resistant sealant, a resilient corrosion resistant sealant and the like.
- This invention relates particularly to the surfacing of roads, waterproofing, corrosion protection and the like, but it is to be appreciated that it also extends to other surfaces and/or structures requiring resilient protective layers.
- fillers and binders for the production of resilient load bearing layers, resilient water resistant sealants, resilient corrosion resistant sealants and the like are well known.
- the cost and availability of bulk fillers with suitable physical characteristics renders most known fillers unsuitable for bulk production.
- a carbonaceous composite material comprising: a filler, consisting of a particulate carbonaceous material with pre- determined physical characteristics; and a binder, for binding the particulate carbonaceous material in a substantially homogeneous composite paste that, when exposed to the atmosphere, sets and hardens into a resilient, carbonaceous composite layer with pre-selected load bearing, water resistant and corrosion resistant properties.
- the particulate carbonaceous material may be selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous shale, fly ash/bottom ash and a mixture of carbonaceous shale and fly ash/bottom ash.
- the particulate carbonaceous material preferably, may be selected from the group consisting of coal and anthracite preparation plant discards, and more preferably, of coal and anthracite preparation plant discards having a total ash content (air dry basis) of at least 35% by mass, and preferably at least 37.5% by mass.
- the binder may comprise a bitumen emulsion.
- the binder may be an anionic bitumen emulsion, alternatively, the binder may be a cationic bitumen emulsion.
- the carbonaceous composite material may include between 10% and 95% by mass bitumen emulsion, and between 5% and 40% by mass particulate carbonaceous material fly ash/bottom ash.
- the mass percentage bitumen emulsion may be pre-determined according to the required flow ability of the composite material for applications selected from resilient load bearing layers, resilient water resistant sealants and resilient corrosion resistant sealants.
- the physical characteristics of the particulate carbonaceous material may include pre-determined particle size ranges, in accordance with the intended applications of the composite material.
- the particulate carbonaceous material may be of a particle size range between 100 micrometers (100um) and 50 millimeter (50mm), and preferably between 500um and 20mm.
- the physical characteristics of the particulate carbonaceous material further may include pre-determined maximum solid fossil fuel content in accordance with the intended applications of the composite material.
- the particulate carbonaceous material may be mixed with the bitumen emulsion while in a dry form, alternatively, in a slightly moist form, with the moisture content enhancing the binding qualities of the bitumen with respect to the particulate carbonaceous material.
- the resilient, carbonaceous composite material may include additional components to enhance at least one of the properties selected from the group consisting of load bearing resistance, water resistance and corrosion resistance.
- the additional components may include particulate stone, preferably selected from stone flake and stone aggregate, and sand, preferably river sand.
- the stone aggregate may have a size up to 40mm.
- the additional components also may include a latex that is mixed with the bitumen in order to provide the bitumen with increased elasticity and flexibility.
- the additional components also may include, particularly for the water resistant and corrosion resistant applications, a suitable polymer to provide the composite material with pre-selected sealant qualities to enhance water resistant and corrosion resistant properties of the composite material.
- the additional components also may include a flocculent, e.g. Optigel, to enhance the suspension of the solid particles in suspension within the composite material, where the material has a relatively high bitumen emulsion, alternatively, a filler of relatively small particle sizes.
- a flocculent e.g. Optigel
- a resilient, carbonaceous composite layer characterized in having been produced from a substantially homogeneous paste, of a carbonaceous composite material comprising a filler, of particulate carbonaceous material with pre-determined physical characteristics; and a binder, that, when exposed to the atmosphere, sets and hardens into a layer with preselected load bearing, water resistant and corrosion resistant properties.
- a method for producing a resilient, carbonaceous composite layer including the steps of admixing a filler, of a particulate carbonaceous material with predetermined physical characteristics; and a binder, into a substantially homogeneous paste; and exposing the paste to the atmosphere, to set and harden into a layer with pre-selected load bearing, water resistant and corrosion resistant properties.
- Example 2 20 Carbonaceous Shale based Composite for the Manufacture of:
- Example 3 Carbonaceous Fly Ash/Bottom Ash and Shale based Composite for the Manufacture of:
- the carbonaceous material was selected from a representative sample of an Anthracite preparation plant discard dump material and mixed with the stone, sand and/or binder in the mass ratios as indicated for the various applications.
- the binder was an anionic/cationic bitumen emulsion that is supplied and sold by Sasol Chemicals (Pty) Ltd. in South Africa under the trade mark of PETRAS ANIMARK STABLE.
- the emulsion is slow breaking, with sufficient stability for all-purpose mixing.
- the emulsion has a binder content of 60-62% by mass and a viscosity at 20°C of 9 - 20° Engler.
- the composite material was prepared at room temperature. The material was then placed in a sealer container and transported to its site, alternatively, stored for usage.
- the composite material did not set during storage, provided that it is placed in a sealed environment.
- the material started setting on being exposed to the atmosphere and typically took about 24 hours to set.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a carbonaceous composite material comprising a filler, consisiting of a particulate carbonaceous material with pre-determined physical characteristics; and a binder, for binding the particulate carbonaceous material in a substantially homogeneous composite paste that, when exposed to the atmosphere, sets and hardens into a resilient, carbonaceous composite layer with pre-selected load bearing, water resistant and corrosion resistant properties. The invention also relates to a resilient, carbonaceous composite layer and a method for producing a resilient, carbonaceous composite layer.
Description
CARBONACEOUS COMPOSITE MATERIAL
Technical field
This invention relates to a carbonaceous composite material. More particularly but not exclusively, the invention relates to a carbonaceous composite material suitable for use in producing a resilient load bearing layer, a resilient water resistant sealant, a resilient corrosion resistant sealant and the like.
Introduction and background to the invention This invention relates particularly to the surfacing of roads, waterproofing, corrosion protection and the like, but it is to be appreciated that it also extends to other surfaces and/or structures requiring resilient protective layers.
The use of fillers and binders for the production of resilient load bearing layers, resilient water resistant sealants, resilient corrosion resistant sealants and the like are well known. The cost and availability of bulk fillers with suitable physical characteristics however renders most known fillers unsuitable for bulk production.
The use of carbonaceous material such as coal have been proposed in some literature, however, the physical characteristics of coal per in se have been found unacceptable by the applicant, while the cost of valuable solid fossil fuel clearly renders this proposal too costly for bulk requirements.
Object of the Invention
It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide a relatively inexpensive, carbonaceous composite material suitable for use in producing a resilient load bearing layer, a water resistant sealant, a corrosion resistant sealant and the like, a resilient load bearing layer, a water resistant sealant, a corrosion resistant sealant and the like, made of such composite material, and a method for making such layer and sealants, or at least to provide a useful and economical alternative to the known resilient load bearing layers, water resistant sealants and corrosion resistant sealants.
Disclosure of the Invention
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a carbonaceous composite material comprising: a filler, consisting of a particulate carbonaceous material with pre- determined physical characteristics; and a binder, for binding the particulate carbonaceous material in a substantially homogeneous composite paste that, when exposed to the atmosphere, sets and hardens into a resilient, carbonaceous composite layer with pre-selected load bearing, water resistant and corrosion resistant properties.
The particulate carbonaceous material may be selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous shale, fly ash/bottom ash and a mixture of
carbonaceous shale and fly ash/bottom ash. The particulate carbonaceous material, preferably, may be selected from the group consisting of coal and anthracite preparation plant discards, and more preferably, of coal and anthracite preparation plant discards having a total ash content (air dry basis) of at least 35% by mass, and preferably at least 37.5% by mass.
The binder may comprise a bitumen emulsion. The binder may be an anionic bitumen emulsion, alternatively, the binder may be a cationic bitumen emulsion.
The carbonaceous composite material may include between 10% and 95% by mass bitumen emulsion, and between 5% and 40% by mass particulate carbonaceous material fly ash/bottom ash. The mass percentage bitumen emulsion may be pre-determined according to the required flow ability of the composite material for applications selected from resilient load bearing layers, resilient water resistant sealants and resilient corrosion resistant sealants.
The physical characteristics of the particulate carbonaceous material may include pre-determined particle size ranges, in accordance with the intended applications of the composite material. The particulate carbonaceous material may be of a particle size range between 100 micrometers (100um) and 50 millimeter (50mm), and preferably between 500um and 20mm.
The physical characteristics of the particulate carbonaceous material further may include pre-determined maximum solid fossil fuel content in accordance with the intended applications of the composite material.
The particulate carbonaceous material may be mixed with the bitumen emulsion while in a dry form, alternatively, in a slightly moist form, with the moisture content enhancing the binding qualities of the bitumen with respect to the particulate carbonaceous material.
The resilient, carbonaceous composite material may include additional components to enhance at least one of the properties selected from the group consisting of load bearing resistance, water resistance and corrosion resistance.
The additional components may include particulate stone, preferably selected from stone flake and stone aggregate, and sand, preferably river sand. The stone aggregate may have a size up to 40mm.
The additional components also may include a latex that is mixed with the bitumen in order to provide the bitumen with increased elasticity and flexibility.
The additional components also may include, particularly for the water resistant and corrosion resistant applications, a suitable polymer to provide the composite
material with pre-selected sealant qualities to enhance water resistant and corrosion resistant properties of the composite material.
The additional components also may include a flocculent, e.g. Optigel, to enhance the suspension of the solid particles in suspension within the composite material, where the material has a relatively high bitumen emulsion, alternatively, a filler of relatively small particle sizes.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a resilient, carbonaceous composite layer characterized in having been produced from a substantially homogeneous paste, of a carbonaceous composite material comprising a filler, of particulate carbonaceous material with pre-determined physical characteristics; and a binder, that, when exposed to the atmosphere, sets and hardens into a layer with preselected load bearing, water resistant and corrosion resistant properties.
According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided a method for producing a resilient, carbonaceous composite layer including the steps of admixing a filler, of a particulate carbonaceous material with predetermined physical characteristics; and a binder, into a substantially homogeneous paste; and
exposing the paste to the atmosphere, to set and harden into a layer with pre-selected load bearing, water resistant and corrosion resistant properties.
5 Specific Embodiment of the Invention
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by means of three non-limiting examples and six different applications respectively.
A. The Composite Material: 10 1. Example 1 :
Carbonaceous Fly Ash/Bottom Ash based Composite for the Manufacture of: 1. Resilient load bearing layer - Carbon Asphalt All Road Surfacing.
15
Resilient load bearing layer - Carbon Asphalt Repair and Maintenance medium.
20
3. Resilient load bearing layer - Road sealage.
Material | Quantity Per 20 Lt I % Per 20Lt
4. Resilient load bearing layer - Crack filling.
5. Resilient water resistant sealant (Carbonseal).
10
6. Resilient corrosion resistant sealant (Steelguard).
15
2. Example 2: 20 Carbonaceous Shale based Composite for the Manufacture of:
1. Resilient load bearing layer - Carbon Asphalt All Road Surfacing.
2. Resilient load bearing layer - Carbon Asphalt Repair and Maintenance medium.
10
3. Resilient load bearing layer - Road sealage.
15
4. Resilient load bearing layer - Crack filling.
20
5. Resilient water resistant sealant (Carbonseal).
25
6. Resilient corrosion resistant sealant (Steelguard).
10
3. Example 3: Carbonaceous Fly Ash/Bottom Ash and Shale based Composite for the Manufacture of:
1. Resilient load bearing layer - Carbon Asphalt All Road Surfacing.
15
2. Resilient load bearing layer • Carbon Asphalt Repair and Maintenance medium.
20
3. Resilient load bearing layer - Crack filling.
10
4. Resilient water resistant sealant (Carbonseal).
15
5. Resilient corrosion resistant sealant (Steelguard).
In the above examples, the carbonaceous material was selected from a representative sample of an Anthracite preparation plant discard dump material and mixed with the stone, sand and/or binder in the mass ratios as indicated for the various applications.
The carbonaceous material had the following physical characteristics:
The binder was an anionic/cationic bitumen emulsion that is supplied and sold by Sasol Chemicals (Pty) Ltd. in South Africa under the trade mark of PETRAS ANIMARK STABLE. The emulsion is slow breaking, with sufficient stability for
all-purpose mixing. The emulsion has a binder content of 60-62% by mass and a viscosity at 20°C of 9 - 20° Engler.
The composite material was prepared at room temperature. The material was then placed in a sealer container and transported to its site, alternatively, stored for usage.
The composite material did not set during storage, provided that it is placed in a sealed environment. The material started setting on being exposed to the atmosphere and typically took about 24 hours to set.
On exposure to the air, the composite material set within the above period, and yielded a resilient layer with the required load bearing capability and sealage' in accordance with its predetermined characteristics and properties.
It will be appreciated that many variations in detail are possible without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as claimed hereinafter.
Claims
1. A carbonaceous composite material comprising: a filler, consisting of a particulate carbonaceous material with predetermined physical characteristics; and a binder, for binding the particulate carbonaceous material in a substantially homogeneous composite paste that, when exposed to the atmosphere, sets and hardens into a resilient, carbonaceous composite layer with preselected load bearing, water resistant and corrosion resistant properties.
2. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the particulate carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous shale, fly ash/bottom ash and a mixture of carbonaceous shale and fly ash/bottom ash.
3. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the binder comprises a bitumen emulsion.
4. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 3 wherein the binder is an anionic bitumen emulsion.
5. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 3 wherein the binder is a cationic bitumen emulsion.
6. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the resilient, carbonaceous composite material includes between 10% and 95% by mass bitumen emulsion, and between 5% and 40% by mass particulate carbonaceous material fly ash/bottom ash.
7. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 6 wherein the mass percentage bitumen emulsion is pre-determined according to the required flow ability of the composite material for applications selected from resilient load bearing layers, resilient water resistant sealants and resilient corrosion resistant sealants.
8. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the physical characteristics of the particulate carbonaceous material includes pre-determined particle size ranges, in accordance with the intended applications selected from resilient load bearing layers, resilient water resistant sealants and resilient corrosion resistant sealants.
9. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 8 wherein the particulate carbonaceous material is of a particle size range between 100 micrometers (100um) and 50 millimeter (50mm).
10. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 8 wherein the particulate carbonaceous material is of a particle size range between 500um and 20mm.
11. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the particulate carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of coal and anthracite preparation plant discards.
12. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 2 or 11 wherein the particulate carbonaceous material has a total ash content (air dry basis) of at least 35% by mass.
13. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 12 wherein the ash content is at least 37.5% by mass
14. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the physical characteristics of the particulate carbonaceous material includes pre-determined maximum total carbon content of in accordance with the intended applications of the composite material.
15. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the particulate carbonaceous material is mixed with the bitumen emulsion while in a dry form.
16. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 1 wherein the particulate carbonaceous material is mixed with the bitumen emulsion while in a slightly moist form, with the moisture content enhancing the binding qualities of the bitumen with respect to the particulate carbonaceous material.
17. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 1 characterized in having at least one additional component to enhance at least one of the properties selected from the group consisting of load bearing resistance, water resistance and corrosion resistance.
18. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 17 wherein an additional component is a stone aggregate, having a size up to 40mm.
19. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 17 wherein an additional component is a latex that is mixed with the bitumen in order to provide the bitumen with increased elasticity and flexibility.
20. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 17 wherein an additional component is a suitable polymer to enhance the water resistant and corrosion resistant properties of the composite material.
21. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 17 wherein an additional component is a flocculent to enhance the suspension of the solid particles in suspension within the composite material, where the material has a relatively high bitumen emulsion.
22. A carbonaceous composite material as claimed in claim 17 wherein an additional component is a flocculent to enhance the suspension of the solid particles in suspension within the composite material, where the material has a filler of relatively small particle sizes.
23. A resilient, carbonaceous composite layer characterized in having been produced from a substantially homogeneous paste, of a carbonaceous composite material comprising a filler, of particulate carbonaceous material with pre-determined physical characteristics; and a binder, that, when exposed to the atmosphere, sets and hardens into a layer with pre-selected load bearing, water resistant and corrosion resistant properties.
24. A method for producing a resilient, carbonaceous composite layer including the steps of admixing a filler, of a particulate carbonaceous material with predetermined physical characteristics; and a binder, into a substantially homogeneous paste; and exposing the paste to the atmosphere, to set and harden into a layer with pre-selected load bearing, water resistant and corrosion resistant properties.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003273143A AU2003273143A1 (en) | 2002-05-07 | 2003-05-07 | Carbonaceous composite material |
| AP2004003183A AP2209A (en) | 2002-05-07 | 2003-05-07 | Carbonaceous composite material. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200203625 | 2002-05-07 | ||
| ZA02/3625 | 2002-05-07 | ||
| ZA200209432 | 2002-11-20 | ||
| ZA02/9432 | 2002-11-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003099931A1 true WO2003099931A1 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
Family
ID=29587250
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ZA2003/000060 Ceased WO2003099931A1 (en) | 2002-05-07 | 2003-05-07 | Carbonaceous composite material |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AP (1) | AP2209A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003273143A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003099931A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200409884B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10146878B4 (en) | 2001-09-24 | 2005-04-07 | T-Mobile Deutschland Gmbh | Method for storing short messages |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB499352A (en) * | 1937-05-13 | 1939-01-23 | Route Sa | Improvement in process of loading emulsions of hydrocarbons with fillers |
| GB597932A (en) * | 1944-08-17 | 1948-02-06 | C D Patents Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of moulded articles |
| GB947575A (en) * | 1959-04-03 | 1964-01-22 | Rees Ltd William F | Improvements in or relating to road surfacing and like material |
| GB1285895A (en) * | 1968-11-13 | 1972-08-16 | Raffinage Cie Francaise | Hydrocarbon concrete mixture |
| US4613375A (en) * | 1984-03-07 | 1986-09-23 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Carbon paste and process for its manufacture |
| US6280516B1 (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2001-08-28 | Cabot Corporation | Compositions comprising a hydrocarbonaceous material |
| EP1138721A2 (en) * | 2000-04-01 | 2001-10-04 | Asphalt & Mineral Development Company Limited | Production of bituminous asphalt |
| US20030032707A1 (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2003-02-13 | Boral Material Technologies Inc. | Filler comprising fly ash for use in polymer composites |
-
2003
- 2003-05-07 AU AU2003273143A patent/AU2003273143A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-07 AP AP2004003183A patent/AP2209A/en active
- 2003-05-07 WO PCT/ZA2003/000060 patent/WO2003099931A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-12-07 ZA ZA200409884A patent/ZA200409884B/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB499352A (en) * | 1937-05-13 | 1939-01-23 | Route Sa | Improvement in process of loading emulsions of hydrocarbons with fillers |
| GB597932A (en) * | 1944-08-17 | 1948-02-06 | C D Patents Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of moulded articles |
| GB947575A (en) * | 1959-04-03 | 1964-01-22 | Rees Ltd William F | Improvements in or relating to road surfacing and like material |
| GB1285895A (en) * | 1968-11-13 | 1972-08-16 | Raffinage Cie Francaise | Hydrocarbon concrete mixture |
| US4613375A (en) * | 1984-03-07 | 1986-09-23 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Carbon paste and process for its manufacture |
| US6280516B1 (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2001-08-28 | Cabot Corporation | Compositions comprising a hydrocarbonaceous material |
| EP1138721A2 (en) * | 2000-04-01 | 2001-10-04 | Asphalt & Mineral Development Company Limited | Production of bituminous asphalt |
| US20030032707A1 (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2003-02-13 | Boral Material Technologies Inc. | Filler comprising fly ash for use in polymer composites |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10146878B4 (en) | 2001-09-24 | 2005-04-07 | T-Mobile Deutschland Gmbh | Method for storing short messages |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003273143A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 |
| ZA200409884B (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| AP2209A (en) | 2011-02-24 |
| AP2004003183A0 (en) | 2004-12-31 |
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