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WO2003048645A1 - Fourneau ameliore - Google Patents

Fourneau ameliore Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003048645A1
WO2003048645A1 PCT/NZ2002/000271 NZ0200271W WO03048645A1 WO 2003048645 A1 WO2003048645 A1 WO 2003048645A1 NZ 0200271 W NZ0200271 W NZ 0200271W WO 03048645 A1 WO03048645 A1 WO 03048645A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stove
secondary combustion
combustion zone
fuel
receiver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NZ2002/000271
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roger John Best
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CLEAN COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES Ltd
Original Assignee
CLEAN COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CLEAN COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES Ltd filed Critical CLEAN COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES Ltd
Priority to AU2002365742A priority Critical patent/AU2002365742A1/en
Publication of WO2003048645A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003048645A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/026—Supply of primary and secondary air for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C1/00—Stoves or ranges in which the fuel or energy supply is not restricted to solid fuel or to a type covered by a single one of the following groups F24C3/00 - F24C9/00; Stoves or ranges in which the type of fuel or energy supply is not specified
    • F24C1/02—Stoves or ranges in which the fuel or energy supply is not restricted to solid fuel or to a type covered by a single one of the following groups F24C3/00 - F24C9/00; Stoves or ranges in which the type of fuel or energy supply is not specified adapted for the use of two or more kinds of fuel or energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F24B1/026—Closed stoves with several combustion zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/20—Ranges
    • F24B1/24—Ranges with built-in masses for heat storage or heat insulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved stove which is suitable for burning wood, coal or other solid fuels and which can be produced on a scale suitable for domestic/light industrial space heating or scaled up for larger scale industrial heating.
  • a number of existing stove designs are said to be clean burning, but in fact are clean burning only when the stove and flue have reached optimum temperature and the stove is operating efficiently:- at the start of the combustion process, or if the stove is damped down to burn slowly, substantial quantities of smoke are produced.
  • the present invention provides a solid fuel stove which includes:- a fuel receiver adapted to receive fuel to be burnt and provided with a grate spaced above the base thereof; means for supplying primary combustion air to the upper portion of the fuel receiver, such that in use primary combustion air is drawn down through the fuel in the receiver to a primary combustion zone in the vicinity of the grate; a secondary combustion zone opening out of the primary combustion zone, said secondary combustion zone including a chamber lined with heat retaining refractory material and being connected to one end of a gas outlet flue; means for supplying secondary combustion air to said secondary combustion zone; and means for heating said secondary combustion zone to temperature equal to or greater than a predetermined temperature.
  • said means for heating said secondary combustion zone comprises a burner for gaseous fuel associated with a secondary air supply.
  • Fig.s 1 and 2 are diagrammatic longitudinal sections through stoves in accordance with first and second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a view from below the grate of Fig. 2, on a larger scale.
  • a stove 2 includes a fuel receiver 3, the lower surface of which is formed by a grate 4, an ash pit 5, a secondary fuel inlet channel 6, and a reburning section 7.
  • the ash pit 5 can be accessed through a separate door 5a, for cleaning.
  • the fuel receiver 3 comprises a metal shell partially or completely lined with fire brick and formed with a closed top 8 and a front door 9 through which solid fuel can be placed in the fuel receiver 3.
  • the fuel receiver 3 has the appearance of a firebox, in fact primary combustion starts at the base of the receiver 3, just above or just below the grate 4, and proceeds upwards through the fuel.
  • the grate 4 lies in a horizontal plane, separating the bottom of the receiver 3 from the top of the ash pit 5 and secondary combustion zone 7.
  • the base of the ash pit 5 is formed by a fire brick liner 10.
  • the secondary fuel inlet channel 6 extends vertically down the back of the receiver 3, and opens into the top of the ash pit 5.
  • a pipe 11 connected to a supply of secondary, gaseous, fuel extends down the channel 6 and supports a burner nozzle 12 at a level slightly higher than the grate 4.
  • the rear of the ash pit 5 opens into the reburning section 7, which comprises a vertical flue 13 the sides of which are lined with fire brick. Fire brick bridges 14 (of which two only are shown) are formed across the flue 13, for the purpose hereinafter described.
  • the top of the vertical flue 13 opens into a conventional chimney flue 15, of which only the lower portion is shown.
  • the flue 15 may be water jacketed.
  • a pair of parallel ducts 16 forming the primary air inlet extend horizontally through the upper portion of the flue 13, into the upper portion of the receiver 3, as indicated in broken lines in the drawing.
  • the above described stove is used as follows:- suitable kindling material (such as small logs) is placed on the grate 4 through the open door 9, and larger logs are stacked in the receiver 3 on top of the kindling.
  • kindling material may be placed around the lower end of the secondary fuel inlet 6, just below the nozzle 12. The door 9 is then closed.
  • Gaseous fuel is supplied to the burner nozzle 12 through the pipe 11 , and this fuel is ignited by any suitable means, (e.g. matches, lighter, or (preferably) a built-in electrical ignition coil) to burn the kindling material and preheat the ash pit/secondary combustion area 5 and the reburning section 7.
  • any suitable means e.g. matches, lighter, or (preferably) a built-in electrical ignition coil
  • the burner nozzle 12 is supported in the pipe 11 with an air space around it, so that combustion air is drawn in to the secondary fuel combustion zone 17 both through a Venturi inlet 18 around the sides of the nozzle and through the gap 19 between the pipe 11 and the sides of the channel 6.
  • the gaseous fuel is substantially clean burning, and rapidly raises both the primary and secondary combustion zones to the optimum temperature for efficient burning.
  • the burning kindling material sets fire to the fuel in the receiver 3:- the portion of fuel closest to the grate 4 burns first, since it is closest to the kindling.
  • the flame from the secondary fuel provides a wall of fire through which any gasses distilled from the burning solid fuel have to pass. Because secondary air is provided, these gases also burn, to give a temperature typically in excess of 1200°C.
  • the primary combustion air follows the route indicated by the double headed arrows - air surrounding the stove is drawn through the ducts 16, thereby pre-heating the air, and then drawn down through the fuel stacked above the grate in the receiver 3, to the primary combustion zone adjacent the grate 4.
  • the solid fuel is burned from the bottom up - the most efficient mode.
  • the gases given off from the primary combustion zone pass into the secondary combustion zone at the base and the rear of the ash pit 5, which is heated to a higher temperature by the burning of the gaseous fuel. Secondary combustion takes place here.
  • the combustion gases then pass up the flue 13, where further secondary combustion occurs as the gases contact the fire brick lining of the flue 13 which has been preheated by the combustion of the gaseous fuel.
  • the bridges 14 help to provide a labyrinth path through the flue 13, to ensure a thorough mixing and complete combustion of the gaseous combustion products.
  • the combustion of the secondary gaseous fuel is progressively reduced to zero, since the solid fuel combustion is sufficient to maintain that optimum operating temperature, (at or above 900°C, typically 1000 - 1100°C) ensuring that all of the primary combustion products are efficiently reburnt. If the temperature drops below 900°C, combustion of the secondary gaseous fuel is re-started, to lift the secondary combustion temperature to about 1000°C and ensure complete combustion.
  • the flue 13 or the chimney flue 15 could be fitted with a wet scrubber or dry particulate collector and/or heat recovery unit, to further improve the standard of air cleanliness and to optimize thermal efficiency. With these additions close to 100% heat recovery is possible, and particulate emissions as low as 0.006 gm/kg of wood burnt have been achieved.
  • all heat recovery apparatus is located downstream of the secondary combustion zone, so as not to compromise efficient secondary combustion, and so that the exhaust gases cooled by heat recovery are relatively clean. This is important, because if exhaust gases containing toxic, corrosive or tarry products are cooled, the products are deposited in the flue or on the out side of the chimney.
  • the stove 20 is in many respects similar to the stove shown in Fig. 1 , except that the fuel receiver 3 is shaped differently and the secondary fuel and secondary air are supplied through a different route.
  • the stove 20 includes a fuel receiver 21 which consists of a metal shell partially or completely lined with fire brick and formed with a heat resistant glass panel 22 across its front wall and a sloped upper portion 23 which incorporates a hinged, lockable lid 24 through which solid fuel can be placed in the fuel receiver 21.
  • a grate 25 (shown in detail in Fig. 3) extends horizontally, spaced above the base 26 of the stove 20.
  • the grate 25 separates the bottom of the receiver 21 from the top of the secondary combustion zone 27:- there is only a small gap between the inner end 28 of the grate and a ridge of refractory liner 29 which extends across the full width of the lower portion of the receiver 21 , protecting the base of the flue 30.
  • the grate 25 is formed from two spaced tubes 31 , each closed at its inner end and formed with a series of holes 32 on its underside, and a gas burner 33 located between the tubes 31.
  • the gas burner 33 consists of two connected pots with curved outer walls; each pot has a closed upper surface 34 and an open lower surface 35.
  • the gas burner 33 is connected to a source of gaseous fuel by an air/gas supply tube 36 which extends parallel to the tubes 31.
  • a gas pipe 37 which is substantially smaller in diameter than the interior diameter of the tube 36 is arranged to supply gas part way down the length of the tube 36; the outer end of the tube 36 is open so that when gas is supplied to the burner 33 through the tube 37, (Arrow A) air is drawn into the outer end of the tube 36 (arrows B) to mix with the gas.
  • the grate 25 shown in Fig. 3 is of a size suitable for use in a small domestic stove.
  • the grate consists of two or more pairs of tubes 31, each with a corresponding tube 36 and gas burner 33.
  • An ash pit 40 is located immediately below the grate 25, and opens into the reburning section 27. For cleaning ash out of the stove, the ash pit 40 can be accessed from the front of the stove through a lower door 41.
  • the base of the ash pit 40, the reburning section 27, and the flue 30 all are lined with fire brick, with fire brick projections 42 extending into the flue so that gases passing out of the flue follow a labyrinth path, maximizing the heat exchange between the gases and the flue.
  • the top of the flue 30 opens into a conventional chimney flue 43, of which only part is shown.
  • a heat exchanger 44 may be located at the top of the flue 30.
  • the heat exchanger 44 may be of any suitable known type and the water circulated through the heat exchanger may be used directly or indirectly for water or space heating.
  • One or more inlet ducts 45 for primary combustion air extend horizontally through the upper portion of the flue 30, so that incoming primary combustion air is preheated by the heat in the flue.
  • the stove shown in Fig.s 2 and 3 is used in the same general manner as the stove shown in Fig. 1 :- suitable kindling material (e.g. small logs) is placed on the grate 25 through the door 24, and larger logs are stacked in the receiver 21 on top of kindling. The door 24 is then closed. Gaseous fuel is supplied (Arrow A) through the tube 37, entraining air with it (Arrow B), and the gas is ignited by any suitable means to burning in the gas burner 33. Additional secondary combustion air is supplied through the holes 32 in the tubes 31.
  • suitable kindling material e.g. small logs
  • the upper surface 34 of the gas burner 33 is closed, so the gas flame is directed downwards into the start of the secondary combustion zone 27, preheating that zone.
  • the secondary combustion zone is heated to a temperature generally in excess of 1200°C.
  • the gas burner 33 also heats the grate 25 and ignites the kindling material, which in turn ignites the fuel stacked on top of it.
  • the flame from the secondary fuel provides a wall of fire through which any gases from the burning solid fuel have to pass, as described with reference to the Fig. 1 embodiment.
  • the primary combustion air follows the route indicated by the double headed arrows:- air surrounding the stove is drawn through the ducts 45, preheating the air, and then drawn down through the fuel stacked in the receiver 21 to the primary combustion zone adjacently top of the grate 25.
  • the fuel is burned from the bottom up, which is the most efficient method and as with the Fig. 1 stove, gases given off from the primary combustion zone pass into the secondary combustion zone 27 at the base and in the rear of the ash pit 40, where secondary combustion takes place.
  • the combustion gases then pass into the flue 30, through the labyrinth path provided by the projections 42. Further secondary combustion occurs here, since the fire brick lining of the flue has been preheated by the gaseous fuel.
  • the combustion of the secondary gaseous fuel is progressively reduced to zero, since the solid fuel combustion is sufficient to maintain an optimum operating temperature, typically in the range 900 - 1100°C.
  • the supply of secondary gaseous fuel preferably is automatically controlled by temperature sensors in the ash pit and/or the flue, so that if the temperature in these areas falls below a preset temperature, ignition of the gaseous fuel is automatically restarted.
  • Either of the above described stoves may be operated with an induced draft, provided by an extractor fan mounted in the flue.
  • Either of the above described stoves may be provided with the following additional feature, if a particularly clean burning stove is essential:- one or more optical sensors may be mounted at the top of the gas outlet flue 13/30 or in the chimney flue 15/43, and tertiary combustion air at above ambient pressure is introduced into the upper part of the secondary combustion chamber, to provide an excess of air to burn off carbon/volatile fuel components which may appear in the secondary combustion chamber during periods of over stoking (i.e. supplying excessive fuel) or the use of highly volatile fuel materials (e.g. plastics materials).
  • the tertiary combustion air may be introduced into the secondary combustion chamber by any convenient means, e.g. through the gap 19 in the stove shown in Fig. 1.
  • the tertiary combustion air is preheated.
  • the tertiary air may be raised in pressure by any suitable means, e.g. a fan or a blower.
  • kit of parts may need to be varied widely to suit particular applications.
  • the same principle applies to each kit of parts, in that the necessary components must be provided to allow for a downward movement of the primary combustion air, the provision of a secondary combustion chamber, preheating of the primary and secondary combustion air, and the use of a secondary fuel to provide optimum combustion conditions when the stove/fireplace is first started up.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un fourneau amélioré apte à brûler le bois, le charbon ou d'autres combustibles solides, lequel fourneau comprend : un récepteur de combustible équipé d'une grille placée à une certaine distance de la base ; des moyens permettant de fournir un air de combustion primaire à la partie supérieure du récepteur de façon qu'en cours d'utilisation, l'air de combustion primaire est attiré vers le bas à travers le combustible dans le récepteur jusqu'à une zone de combustion primaire au voisinage de la grille, la zone de combustion secondaire s'ouvrant depuis la zone de combustion primaire, la zone de combustion secondaire comprenant une chambre revêtue intérieurement d'une matière réfractaire retenant la chaleur et reliée à une extrémité d'un tuyau de sortie de gaz ; des moyens permettant de fournir un air de combustion secondaire à la zone de combustion secondaire ; et des moyens permettant de chauffer la zone de combustion secondaire à une température supérieure ou égale à une température prédéterminée.
PCT/NZ2002/000271 2001-12-05 2002-12-05 Fourneau ameliore Ceased WO2003048645A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002365742A AU2002365742A1 (en) 2001-12-05 2002-12-05 Improved stove

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ515943A NZ515943A (en) 2001-12-05 2001-12-05 Solid fuel stove with means to maintain secondary combustion chamber temperature for clean burning of fuel
NZ515943 2001-12-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003048645A1 true WO2003048645A1 (fr) 2003-06-12

Family

ID=19928854

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NZ2002/000271 Ceased WO2003048645A1 (fr) 2001-12-05 2002-12-05 Fourneau ameliore

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2002365742A1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ515943A (fr)
WO (1) WO2003048645A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005100861A1 (fr) * 2004-04-15 2005-10-27 Stephen Charles Brown Appareil de combustion pour combustible solide
WO2010151094A1 (fr) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-29 Sarymsakov Jirgalbek Omuralievitch Procédé de combustion de carburant solide et dispositif de mise en œuvre
RU2426028C1 (ru) * 2010-03-02 2011-08-10 Сергей Павлович Барболин Вертикальная топка пароводогрейного котла для переработки сыпучих видов топлива в тепловую энергию
WO2012150868A3 (fr) * 2011-05-04 2012-12-27 Stewart Jason Joren Jens Système de combustion
WO2014158032A1 (fr) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-02 Stewart Jason Joren Jens Système de combustion amélioré
CN109539315A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-29 西安交通大学 一种s形烟气流程的生物质颗粒/型煤空气预热环保炉具
EA035910B1 (ru) * 2018-05-18 2020-08-31 Фадлан Ерланович Нургожин Отопительный котел с вихревой камерой дожига

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102179109B (zh) * 2011-04-05 2012-12-12 王羊生 煤烟废气转化热能装置
IT202100021626A1 (it) * 2021-08-10 2023-02-10 Fabio Cadel Camera di combustione

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2052045A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-21 Coal Ind Improvements in and Relating to Domestic Combustion Appliances
US4545360A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-10-08 Smith Richard D Clean burning solid fuel stove and method

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2052045A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-21 Coal Ind Improvements in and Relating to Domestic Combustion Appliances
US4545360A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-10-08 Smith Richard D Clean burning solid fuel stove and method

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8464704B2 (en) 2004-04-15 2013-06-18 Stephen Charles Brown Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
GB2429520A (en) * 2004-04-15 2007-02-28 Stephen Charles Brown Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
GB2429520B (en) * 2004-04-15 2009-03-04 Stephen Charles Brown Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
WO2005100861A1 (fr) * 2004-04-15 2005-10-27 Stephen Charles Brown Appareil de combustion pour combustible solide
WO2010151094A1 (fr) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-29 Sarymsakov Jirgalbek Omuralievitch Procédé de combustion de carburant solide et dispositif de mise en œuvre
EA016403B1 (ru) * 2009-06-24 2012-04-30 Жиргалбек Омуралиевич САРЫМСАКОВ Способ сжигания твердого топлива и устройство для его осуществления
RU2426028C1 (ru) * 2010-03-02 2011-08-10 Сергей Павлович Барболин Вертикальная топка пароводогрейного котла для переработки сыпучих видов топлива в тепловую энергию
WO2012150868A3 (fr) * 2011-05-04 2012-12-27 Stewart Jason Joren Jens Système de combustion
US10197286B2 (en) 2011-05-04 2019-02-05 Jason Joren Jens Stewart Combustion system
WO2014158032A1 (fr) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-02 Stewart Jason Joren Jens Système de combustion amélioré
US10247422B2 (en) 2013-03-28 2019-04-02 Jason Joren Jens Stewart Combustion system
EA035910B1 (ru) * 2018-05-18 2020-08-31 Фадлан Ерланович Нургожин Отопительный котел с вихревой камерой дожига
CN109539315A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-29 西安交通大学 一种s形烟气流程的生物质颗粒/型煤空气预热环保炉具
CN109539315B (zh) * 2018-10-30 2024-05-24 西安交通大学 一种s形烟气流程的生物质颗粒/型煤空气预热环保炉具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002365742A1 (en) 2003-06-17
NZ515943A (en) 2004-06-25

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