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WO2002038927A1 - Method for operating a gas turbine system, and a corresponding system - Google Patents

Method for operating a gas turbine system, and a corresponding system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002038927A1
WO2002038927A1 PCT/IB2001/002075 IB0102075W WO0238927A1 WO 2002038927 A1 WO2002038927 A1 WO 2002038927A1 IB 0102075 W IB0102075 W IB 0102075W WO 0238927 A1 WO0238927 A1 WO 0238927A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas turbine
turbine system
working fluid
waste heat
heat boiler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/IB2001/002075
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rolf Bachmann
Erhard Liebig
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General Electric Switzerland GmbH
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Alstom Schweiz AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority to AU2002210850A priority Critical patent/AU2002210850A1/en
Publication of WO2002038927A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002038927A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/34—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a gas turbine system in which supply air is compressed, mixed with fuel and brought to combustion, thereby creating a working fluid that drives the gas turbine and in which the heat contained in the working fluid is used after leaving the gas turbine system by passing the working fluid through a waste heat boiler.
  • a gas turbine plant in this regard is also described.
  • the heat contained in the relaxed working medium of the gas turbine is used to generate steam for the steam turbine.
  • the heat transfer takes place in a heat recovery steam generator downstream of the gas turbine, in which heating surfaces are arranged in the form of tubes or tube bundles. These in turn are integrated into the water-steam cycle with a steam turbine.
  • the relaxed working fluid emerging from the gas turbine is usually fed directly to the heat recovery steam generator, in which the heat exchange to the water-steam cycle takes place with the steam turbine, for example. After the heat recovery steam generator, the working fluid usually reaches the surroundings via a chimney.
  • Such a combined gas and steam turbine system can be found, for example, in documents DE 195 44 226 A1 and DE 43 21 081 A1.
  • the working fluid emerging from the chimney of a combined gas and steam turbine system has one despite the combustion taking place in the gas turbine system high level of atmospheric oxygen.
  • Efforts to filter exhaust gases are made more difficult by the high proportion of air in the working fluid. Therefore, complex filter techniques are necessary to filter out the combustion products diluted with air from the working fluid. Added to this is the fact that high levels of nitrogen oxide can arise in the working fluid if there is a high proportion of air.
  • Analogous conditions also apply to gas turbine plants with a downstream waste heat boiler as the hot water generator. It is also conceivable to use the waste heat from gas turbine plants for process engineering processes.
  • waste heat boiler is to be used below for the gas turbine systems for heat use downstream equipment.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a method for operating a gas turbine system according to the preamble of claim 1 such that the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler should have a lower proportion of air, so that the combustion realized in the gas turbine system takes place with a smaller excess of air.
  • it should be possible to improve the emission values of a gas turbine plant and to create a prerequisite for filtering combustion products that occur and for easier disposal.
  • Claim 7 contains a gas turbine system designed according to the invention.
  • the method according to the preamble of claim 1 is designed such that at least part of the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler is fed to the gas turbine system.
  • gas turbine plant is understood to mean the known combination of at least one compressor unit, at least one combustion chamber and the at least one gas turbine.
  • the considerable excess air within the working fluid is available for repeated combustion within the combustion chamber of the gas turbine system. Since the working fluid circulates in a closed circuit, the oxygen content per combustion cycle within the working fluid steadily decreases. However, in order to continue to maintain the combustion process within the combustion chamber, it is therefore necessary to add oxygen to the recirculated working medium before entering the compressor unit, at least in the amount required during the combustion.
  • the oxygen can be added in the form of conventional atmospheric oxygen or by adding pure oxygen or one. Oxygen / carbon dioxide mixture or another mixture containing oxygen.
  • pure oxygen or an oxygen gas mixture can also be used, which is given the operating pressure required for the coupling by the additional precompressor stage.
  • oxygen carrier is to be used below for the multitude of possibilities of gas composition.
  • the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler is preferably not completely fed into the compressor unit of the gas turbine system in a closed circuit, but a certain remaining portion is fed via a bypass unit to an expansion unit in which the remaining portion of the working fluid expands completely and drives the expansion unit, which is designed as a low-pressure turbine, thereby generating electrical power or mechanical energy is obtained.
  • the size of the residual portion separated from the main flow of the working medium can be regulated as desired with the bypass unit.
  • the energy obtained at the expansion unit can preferably be used to drive the additional precompressor stage for feeding the oxygen carrier into the circuit of the gas turbine system.
  • the proposed mode of operation for a gas turbine system with regard to targeted recirculation of the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler opens up further optimization possibilities for the operation of the entire gas turbine system.
  • the recirculation pressure prevailing inside the feed line between the waste heat boiler and the compressor unit of the gas turbine system can be varied by a corresponding control unit provided in the feed line. Basically, there are low recirculation pressure ratios when the gas turbine system is running at low mileage, and higher pressures at high mileage, so that, for example, due to mere pressure variation within the closed circuit. the partial load operation of a combined gas and steam turbine system can be optimized.
  • the proportion of combustion products with regard to CO 2 and H 2 O can be increased in such a way that an easy separation of water and an extraction of CO 2 after a corresponding branching off of the working fluid via the bypass unit and relaxation by the expansion unit is possible.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram representation of a combined gas
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a combined gas and steam turbine system, the gas turbine system of which is composed of a compressor unit 1, a combustion chamber 2 and a gas turbine 3.
  • the compressor unit 1, the gas turbine 3 and the generator G are located on a shaft, as can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • the light emerging from the gas turbine 3 working medium passes directly to a heat recovery steam generator 4, which in a water-Da 'mpf circuit 5 is integrated.
  • the gas turbine system can also be a system with sequential combustion. These gas turbine plants have more than one combustion chamber and more than one gas turbine.
  • the steam generated in the waste heat steam generator is used to drive a steam turbine D.
  • the working fluid passes into a bypass unit 7, which mainly divides the working fluid through a feed line 6 in the direction of the compressor unit 1 of the gas turbine system.
  • a remaining portion passes through the bypass unit 7 into an expansion unit 8, which is designed as a low-pressure turbine.
  • the portion of the working fluid flowing through the expansion unit 8 subsequently reaches the outside.
  • the majority of the working fluid emerging from the heat recovery steam generator 4 is recirculated via the feed line 6 to the compressor unit 1 in the context of a closed circuit.
  • additional supply air 10 enters the material flow of the recirculated working medium flowing into the compressor unit 1.
  • the proportion of oxygen in the additional supply air 10 preferably corresponds to that part of the oxygen consumed during combustion in the combustion chamber 2, so that a high proportion of combustion products in the working medium is established within the closed circuit, which in turn follows the expansion unit 8 from the derived and expanded equipment can be separated more easily than is the case with the operation of conventional gas and steam turbine systems.
  • the gas and steam turbine system designed according to the invention only works with approximately one third of the supply air, compared to a conventional gas and steam turbine system in which the working fluid escapes completely through a chimney in a conventional manner after passing through the waste heat steam generator, there is also the possibility of replace the supply air with another oxygen-containing carrier. It is thus possible to feed pure oxygen or, for example, an oxygen-CO 2 mixture into the feed line 6 via the pre-compressor stage 11 and the control unit 9. In this way, one would obtain pure CO 2 for disposal after appropriate water separation after expansion stage 8. In addition to the improved cleaning and filtering properties of the working fluid, it also has lower nitrogen oxide contents due to the lower excess air.
  • waste heat boilers waste heat steam generator

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a gas turbine system, and to a corresponding gas turbine system, in which the supply air is compressed, mixed with fuel and brought to combustion, whereby a working substance results that drives the gas turbine. The heat contained inside the working substance is used after leaving the gas turbine system by leading the working substance through a waste heat boiler. The invention is characterized in that at least a portion of the working substance exiting the waste heat boiler is fed to the gas turbine system.

Description

Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gasturbinenanlage sowie eine dementsprechende Anlage Process for operating a gas turbine plant and a corresponding plant

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gasturbinenanlage, bei der Zuluft verdichtet, mit Brennstoff vermischt und zur Verbrennung gebracht wird, wodurch ein Arbeitsmittel entsteht, das die Gasturbine antreibt, und bei der die im Arbeitsmittel enthaltene Wärme nach Verlassen der Gasturbinenanlage genutzt wird, indem das Arbeitsmittel durch einen Abhitzekessel geleitet wird. Ferner wird eine diesbezügliche Gasturbinenanlage beschrieben.The invention relates to a method for operating a gas turbine system in which supply air is compressed, mixed with fuel and brought to combustion, thereby creating a working fluid that drives the gas turbine and in which the heat contained in the working fluid is used after leaving the gas turbine system by passing the working fluid through a waste heat boiler. A gas turbine plant in this regard is also described.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Bei an sich bekannten Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlagen wird die im entspannten Arbeitsmittel der Gasturbine enthaltene Wärme zur Erzeugung von Dampf für die Dampfturbine genutzt. Die Wärmeübertragung erfolgt in einem, der Gasturbine nachgeschalteten Abhitzedampferzeuger, in dem Heizflächen in Form von Rohren oder Rohrbündeln angeordnet sind. Diese wiederum sind in den Wasser-Dampf- Kreislauf mit einer Dampfturbine eingebunden. Das aus der Gasturbine austretende, entspannte Arbeitsmittel wird üblicherweise dem Abhitzedampferzeuger direkt zugeführt, in welchem der Wärmeaustausch zum Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf mit der beispielsweisen Dampfturbine erfolgt. Das Arbeitsmittel gelangt nach dem Abhitzedampferzeuger üblicherweise über einen Kamin in die Umgebung. Eine derartige kombinierte Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlage ist beispielsweise den Druckschriften DE 195 44 226 A1 sowie DE 43 21 081 A1 zu entnehmen.In gas and steam turbine systems known per se, the heat contained in the relaxed working medium of the gas turbine is used to generate steam for the steam turbine. The heat transfer takes place in a heat recovery steam generator downstream of the gas turbine, in which heating surfaces are arranged in the form of tubes or tube bundles. These in turn are integrated into the water-steam cycle with a steam turbine. The relaxed working fluid emerging from the gas turbine is usually fed directly to the heat recovery steam generator, in which the heat exchange to the water-steam cycle takes place with the steam turbine, for example. After the heat recovery steam generator, the working fluid usually reaches the surroundings via a chimney. Such a combined gas and steam turbine system can be found, for example, in documents DE 195 44 226 A1 and DE 43 21 081 A1.

Das aus dem Kamin austretende Arbeitsmittel einer kombinierten Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlage hat trotz der in der Gasturbinenanlage erfolgten Verbrennung einen hohen Luftsauerstoffanteil. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass die Gasturbinenanlage mit hohem Luftüberschuss betrieben wird, wodurch die beim Verbrennungspro- zess entstehenden Verbrennungsprodukte, wie insbesondere CO2, mit Luft regelrecht verdünnt sind. Bestrebungen zur Abgasfilterung werden durch die hohen Luftanteile im Arbeitsmittel erschwert. Daher sind aufwendige Filtertechniken nötig, um die mit Luft verdünnten Verbrennungsprodukte aus dem Arbeitsmittel auszufiltern. Hinzu kommt, dass bei hohen Luftanteilen im Arbeitsmittel hohe Stickoxid-Anteile entstehen können, die es ebenfalls gilt zu reduzieren.The working fluid emerging from the chimney of a combined gas and steam turbine system has one despite the combustion taking place in the gas turbine system high level of atmospheric oxygen. This is due to the fact that the gas turbine system is operated with a large excess of air, as a result of which the combustion products, such as CO 2 in particular, which arise during the combustion process are literally diluted with air. Efforts to filter exhaust gases are made more difficult by the high proportion of air in the working fluid. Therefore, complex filter techniques are necessary to filter out the combustion products diluted with air from the working fluid. Added to this is the fact that high levels of nitrogen oxide can arise in the working fluid if there is a high proportion of air.

Analoge Verhältnisse gelten auch für Gasturbinenanlagen mit einem nachgeschalteten Abhitzekessel als Heisswassererzeuger. Ebenso ist es denkbar die Abwärme von Gasturbinenanlagen für verfahrenstechnische Prozesse zu nutzen. Für die Gasturbinenanlagen zur Wärmenutzung arbeitsmittelseitig nachgeschalteten Apparate soll nachfolgend der Begriff des Abhitzekessels Verwendung finden.Analogous conditions also apply to gas turbine plants with a downstream waste heat boiler as the hot water generator. It is also conceivable to use the waste heat from gas turbine plants for process engineering processes. The term waste heat boiler is to be used below for the gas turbine systems for heat use downstream equipment.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gasturbinenanlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 derart weiterzubilden, dass das aus dem Abhitzekessel austretende Arbeitsmittel einen geringeren Luftanteil aufweisen soll, so dass die in der Gasturbinenanlage realisierte Verbrennung mit einem geringeren Luftüberschuss erfolgt. Insbesondere soll es möglich sein, die Emissionswerte einer Gasturbinenanlage zu verbessern und eine Voraussetzung dafür zu schaffen, auftretende Verbrennungsprodukte besser zu filtern und leichter zu entsorgen.The invention has for its object to develop a method for operating a gas turbine system according to the preamble of claim 1 such that the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler should have a lower proportion of air, so that the combustion realized in the gas turbine system takes place with a smaller excess of air. In particular, it should be possible to improve the emission values of a gas turbine plant and to create a prerequisite for filtering combustion products that occur and for easier disposal.

Ferner ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung eine diesbezügliche Gasturbinenanlage mit den vorstehend aufgezeigten Vorteilen auszubilden.It is also an object of the invention to design a gas turbine plant in this regard with the advantages shown above.

Die Lösung der der Erfindung zugrundeliegenden Aufgabe ist Gegenstand des Anspruchs 1 , in dem das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beschrieben ist. Anspruch 7 enthält eine erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Gasturbinenanlage. Den Erfindungsgedanken vorteilhaft weiterbildende Merkmale sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sowie der Beschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf das Ausführungsbeispiel zu entnehmen.The solution to the problem on which the invention is based is the subject of claim 1, in which the method according to the invention is described. Claim 7 contains a gas turbine system designed according to the invention. Features which advantageously further develop the inventive idea are the subject of the dependent claims as well as the description with reference to the embodiment.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 ist derart ausgebildet, dass wenigstens ein Teil des aus dem Abhitzekessel austretenden Arbeitsmittels der Gasturbinenanlage zugeführt wird.The method according to the preamble of claim 1 is designed such that at least part of the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler is fed to the gas turbine system.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Idee geht dabei davon aus, dass das aus dem Abhitzekessel austretende Arbeitsmittel im Wege eines geschlossenen Kreislaufes der Verdichtereinheit der Gasturbinenanlage zugeführt wird. Unter dem Begriff Gasturbinenanlage wird die an sich bekannte Kombination aus mindestens einer Verdichtereinheit, mindestens einer Brennkammer sowie der mindestens einen Gasturbine verstanden.The idea on which the invention is based is based on the fact that the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler is fed to the compressor unit of the gas turbine system in a closed circuit. The term gas turbine plant is understood to mean the known combination of at least one compressor unit, at least one combustion chamber and the at least one gas turbine.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Rezirkulation wenigstens eines Teils des aus dem Abhitzekessel austretenden Arbeitsmittels wieder zurück in die Verdichtereinheit der Gasturbinenanlage steht der beträchtliche Luftüberschuss innerhalb des Arbeitsmittels einer wiederholten Verbrennung innerhalb der Brennkammer der Gasturbinenanlage zur Verfügung. Da das Arbeitsmittel in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf zirkuliert, nimmt der Sauerstoffanteil pro Verbrennungszyklus innerhalb des Arbeitsmittels stetig ab. Um den Verbrennungsprozess innerhalb der Brennkammer jedoch weiterhin aufrecht zu erhalten, ist es daher erforderlich dem rezirkulierten Arbeitsmittel vor Eintritt in die Verdichtereinheit Sauerstoff zumindest in der Menge beizumischen, die während der Verbrennung benötigt wird. Die Sauerstoffzugabe kann in Form üblichen Luftsauerstoffes oder durch die Zugabe reinen Sauerstoffes oder eines. Sauerstoff/Kohlendioxid-Gemisches oder eines anderen Sauerstoff enthaltenden Gemisches erfolgen.Due to the recirculation of at least part of the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler back into the compressor unit of the gas turbine system, the considerable excess air within the working fluid is available for repeated combustion within the combustion chamber of the gas turbine system. Since the working fluid circulates in a closed circuit, the oxygen content per combustion cycle within the working fluid steadily decreases. However, in order to continue to maintain the combustion process within the combustion chamber, it is therefore necessary to add oxygen to the recirculated working medium before entering the compressor unit, at least in the amount required during the combustion. The oxygen can be added in the form of conventional atmospheric oxygen or by adding pure oxygen or one. Oxygen / carbon dioxide mixture or another mixture containing oxygen.

Da die Rezirkulation des aus dem Abhitzekessel austretenden Arbeitsmittels im Wege eines geschlossenen Kreislaufes erfolgt, herrschen innerhalb der Zuführleitung zwischen dem Abhitzekessel und der Verdichtereinheit der Gasturbinenanlage vom Atmosphärendruck abweichende Druckverhältnisse,- die je nach Betriebsweise der Gasturbinenanlage variieren können. Aus diesem Grunde dient eine weitere Vorverdichterstufe für die Zufuhr des für den Verbrennungsvorgang zusätzlich erforderlichen Sauerstoffes unter dem innerhalb des geschlossenen Kreislaufes vorherrschenden Druckbedingungen.Since the recirculation of the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler takes place in a closed circuit, there are pressure conditions within the feed line between the waste heat boiler and the compressor unit of the gas turbine system which deviate from the atmospheric pressure, depending on the mode of operation Gas turbine plant can vary. For this reason, a further precompressor stage serves to supply the oxygen additionally required for the combustion process under the pressure conditions prevailing within the closed circuit.

Wie bereits erwähnt, kann alternativ zur Einspeisung zusätzlichen Luftsauerstoffes auch reiner Sauerstoff oder ein Sauerstoffgasgemisch verwendet werden, der bzw. das durch die zusätzliche Vorverdichterstufe einen für die Einkopplung erforderlichen Betriebsdruck erhält. Für die Vielzahl der Möglichkeiten der Gaszusammensetzung soll nachfolgend der Begriff des Sauerstoffträgermittels verwendet werden.As already mentioned, as an alternative to feeding in additional atmospheric oxygen, pure oxygen or an oxygen gas mixture can also be used, which is given the operating pressure required for the coupling by the additional precompressor stage. The term oxygen carrier is to be used below for the multitude of possibilities of gas composition.

Das aus dem Abhitzekessel austretende Arbeitsmittel wird vorzugsweise nicht vollständig in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf der Verdichtereinheit der Gasturbinenanlage zugeführt, sondern ein gewisser Restanteil wird über eine Bypasseinheit einer Expansionseinheit zugeleitet, in der der Restanteil des Arbeitsmittels vollständig expandiert und die als Niederdruckturbine ausgebildete Expansionseinheit antreibt, wodurch elektrische oder mechanische Energie gewonnen wird. Die Größe des vom Hauptstrom des Arbeitsmittels abgetrennten Restanteils ist mit der Bypasseinheit beliebig regelbar.The working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler is preferably not completely fed into the compressor unit of the gas turbine system in a closed circuit, but a certain remaining portion is fed via a bypass unit to an expansion unit in which the remaining portion of the working fluid expands completely and drives the expansion unit, which is designed as a low-pressure turbine, thereby generating electrical power or mechanical energy is obtained. The size of the residual portion separated from the main flow of the working medium can be regulated as desired with the bypass unit.

Die an der Expansionseinheit gewonnene Energie kann vorzugsweise zum Antrieb der zusätzlichen Vorverdichterstufe für die Einspeisung des Sauerstoffträgermittels in den Kreislauf der Gasturbinenanlage verwendet werden.The energy obtained at the expansion unit can preferably be used to drive the additional precompressor stage for feeding the oxygen carrier into the circuit of the gas turbine system.

Durch die vorgeschlagene Betriebsweise für eine Gasturbinenanlage hinsichtlich einer gezielten Rezirkulation des aus dem Abhitzekessel austretenden Arbeitsmittels, eröffnen sich weitere Optimierungsmöglichkeiten für den Betrieb der gesamten Gasturbinenanlage. So kann der im Inneren der Zuleitung zwischen Abhitzekessel und Verdichtereinheit der Gasturbinenanlage vorherrschende Rezirkulationsdruck durch eine entsprechende, in der Zuleitung vorgesehene Regeleinheit variiert werden. Grundsätzlich stellen sich geringe Rezirkulationsdruckverhältnisse bei niedriger Fahrleistung der Gasturbinenanlage ein sowie höhere Drücke bei hoher Fahrleistung, so dass durch bloße Druckvariation innerhalb des geschlossenen Kreislaufs bspw. der Teillastbetrieb einer kombinierten Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlage optimiert eingestellt werden kann.The proposed mode of operation for a gas turbine system with regard to targeted recirculation of the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler opens up further optimization possibilities for the operation of the entire gas turbine system. The recirculation pressure prevailing inside the feed line between the waste heat boiler and the compressor unit of the gas turbine system can be varied by a corresponding control unit provided in the feed line. Basically, there are low recirculation pressure ratios when the gas turbine system is running at low mileage, and higher pressures at high mileage, so that, for example, due to mere pressure variation within the closed circuit. the partial load operation of a combined gas and steam turbine system can be optimized.

Auch ist es möglich, durch gezielte Variation des Sauerstoffträgermittels vor Eintritt in die Verdichtereinheit der Gasturbinenanlage die Konzentration der Verbrennungsprodukte innerhalb des Arbeitsmittels einzustellen, das aus dem Abhitzekessel austritt. So kann der Anteil der Verbrennungsprodukte hinsichtlich CO2 und H2O derart gesteigert werden, dass eine leichte Abscheidung von Wasser sowie eine Extraktion von CO2 nach entsprechender Abzweigung des Arbeitsmittels über die Bypasseinheit und Entspannung durch die Expansionseinheit möglich ist.It is also possible to adjust the concentration of the combustion products within the working fluid that emerges from the waste heat boiler by specifically varying the oxygen carrier before entering the compressor unit of the gas turbine system. The proportion of combustion products with regard to CO 2 and H 2 O can be increased in such a way that an easy separation of water and an extraction of CO 2 after a corresponding branching off of the working fluid via the bypass unit and relaxation by the expansion unit is possible.

Kurze Beschreibung der ErfindungBrief description of the invention

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung exemplarisch erläutert. Es zeigt:The invention is explained below by way of example without limitation of the general inventive concept using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. It shows:

Fig. 1 schematisierte Blockbilddarstellung einer kombinierten Gas- undFig. 1 is a schematic block diagram representation of a combined gas and

Dampfturbinenanlage mit Rezirkulation des aus dem Abhitzedampferzeuger austretenden Arbeitsmittels.Steam turbine system with recirculation of the working fluid emerging from the waste heat steam generator.

Wege zur Ausführung der Erfindung, gewerbliche VerwendbarkeitWAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION, INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Blockbilddarstellung einer kombinierten Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlage, deren Gasturbinenanlage sich aus einer Verdichtereinheit 1, einer Brennkammer 2 und einer Gasturbine 3 zusammensetzt. Die Verdichtereinheit 1 , die Gasturbine 3 sowie der Generator G befinden sich auf einer Welle, wie der Figur 1 zu entnehmen ist. Das aus der Gasturbine 3 austretende Arbeitsmittel gelangt unmittelbar in einen Abhitzedampferzeuger 4, der in einen Wasser-Da'mpf-Kreislauf 5 eingebunden ist.FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a combined gas and steam turbine system, the gas turbine system of which is composed of a compressor unit 1, a combustion chamber 2 and a gas turbine 3. The compressor unit 1, the gas turbine 3 and the generator G are located on a shaft, as can be seen in FIG. 1. The light emerging from the gas turbine 3 working medium passes directly to a heat recovery steam generator 4, which in a water-Da 'mpf circuit 5 is integrated.

Selbstverständlich kann es sich bei der Gasturbinenanlage auch um eine Anlage mit sequentieller Verbrennung handeln. Diese Gasturbinenanlagen verfügen über mehr als eine Brennkammer und mehr als eine Gasturbine. Der im Abhitzedampferzeuger erzeugte Dampf dient zum Antrieb einer Dampfturbine D. Am Austritt des Abhitzedampferzeugers 4 gelangt das Arbeitsmittel in eine Bypasseinheit 7, die eine Aufteilung des Arbeitsmittels hauptsächlich durch eine Zuleitung 6 in Richtung der Verdichtereinheit 1 der Gasturbinenanlage vornimmt. Ein Restanteil gelangt über die Bypasseinheit 7 in eine Expansionseinheit 8, die als Niederdruckturbine ausgebildet ist. Der durch die Expansionseinheit 8 strömende Anteil des Arbeitsmittels gelangt nachfolgend ins Freie.Of course, the gas turbine system can also be a system with sequential combustion. These gas turbine plants have more than one combustion chamber and more than one gas turbine. The steam generated in the waste heat steam generator is used to drive a steam turbine D. At the outlet of the waste heat steam generator 4, the working fluid passes into a bypass unit 7, which mainly divides the working fluid through a feed line 6 in the direction of the compressor unit 1 of the gas turbine system. A remaining portion passes through the bypass unit 7 into an expansion unit 8, which is designed as a low-pressure turbine. The portion of the working fluid flowing through the expansion unit 8 subsequently reaches the outside.

Der Hauptanteil des aus dem Abhitzedampferzeuger 4 austretenden Arbeitsmittels wird über die Zuleitung 6 zur Verdichtereinheit 1 im Rahmen eines geschlossenen Kreislaufes rezirkuliert. Über eine zusätzliche Vorverdichterstufe 11 sowie einer zwischengeschalteten Regeleinheit 9 gelangt zusätzliche Zuluft 10 in den Stoffstrom des in die Verdichtereinheit 1 einmündenden, rezirkulierten Arbeitsmittels. Der Anteil des Sauerstoffes in der zusätzlichen Zuluft 10 entspricht vorzugsweise jenem, bei der Verbrennung in der Brennkammer 2 verbrauchten Sauerstoffanteils, so dass sich innerhalb des geschlossenen Kreislaufs ein hoher Anteil an Verbrennungsprodukten im Arbeitsmittel einstellt, welcher sich wiederum im Anschluss an die Expansionseinheit 8 aus dem abgeleiteten und expandierten Arbeitsmittel leichter abscheiden lässt, als dies beim Betrieb konventioneller Gas-und Dampfturbinenanlagen der Fall ist. So ist es zum einen möglich, Wasser im Wege an sich bekannter Abscheidetechniken zu gewinnen sowie CO2 effektiv zu extrahieren.The majority of the working fluid emerging from the heat recovery steam generator 4 is recirculated via the feed line 6 to the compressor unit 1 in the context of a closed circuit. Via an additional pre-compressor stage 11 and an interposed control unit 9, additional supply air 10 enters the material flow of the recirculated working medium flowing into the compressor unit 1. The proportion of oxygen in the additional supply air 10 preferably corresponds to that part of the oxygen consumed during combustion in the combustion chamber 2, so that a high proportion of combustion products in the working medium is established within the closed circuit, which in turn follows the expansion unit 8 from the derived and expanded equipment can be separated more easily than is the case with the operation of conventional gas and steam turbine systems. On the one hand, it is possible to extract water using known separation techniques and to extract CO 2 effectively.

Da die erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlage nur mit ca. einem Drittel der Zuluft arbeitet, verglichen zu einer konventionellen Gas-und Dampfturbinenanlage, bei der das Arbeitsmittel in herkömmlicher Weise nach Durchtritt durch den Abhitzedampferzeuger über einen Kamin vollständig entweicht, besteht überdies die Möglichkeit, die Zuluft durch ein anderes, Sauerstoff enthaltendes Trägermittel zu ersetzen. So ist es möglich, über die Vorverdichterstufe 11 und die Regeleinheit 9 reinen Sauerstoff oder beispielsweise ein Sauerstoff-CO2- Gemisch in die Zuleitung 6 einzuspeisen. Auf diese Weise würde man nach entsprechender Wasserabscheidung nach der Expansionsstufe 8 reines CO2 zur Entsorgung erhalten. Neben den verbesserten Reinigungs- bzw. Filtereigenschaften des entstehenden Arbeitsmittels weist dieses aufgrund des geringeren Luftüberschusses auch geringere Stickoxidanteile auf. Since the gas and steam turbine system designed according to the invention only works with approximately one third of the supply air, compared to a conventional gas and steam turbine system in which the working fluid escapes completely through a chimney in a conventional manner after passing through the waste heat steam generator, there is also the possibility of replace the supply air with another oxygen-containing carrier. It is thus possible to feed pure oxygen or, for example, an oxygen-CO 2 mixture into the feed line 6 via the pre-compressor stage 11 and the control unit 9. In this way, one would obtain pure CO 2 for disposal after appropriate water separation after expansion stage 8. In addition to the improved cleaning and filtering properties of the working fluid, it also has lower nitrogen oxide contents due to the lower excess air.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 Verdichtereinheit1 compressor unit

2 Brennkammer2 combustion chamber

3 Gasturbine3 gas turbine

4 Abhitzekessel, Abhitzedampferzeuger4 waste heat boilers, waste heat steam generator

5 Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf5 water-steam cycle

6 Zuleitung6 supply line

7 Bypasseinheit7 bypass unit

8 Expansionseinheit8 expansion unit

9 Regeleinheit9 control unit

10 Sauerstoffträgermittel, Zuluft10 oxygen carrier, supply air

11 Vorverdichterstufe11 pre-compressor stage

G Generator D Dampfturbine G generator D steam turbine

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gasturbinenanlage bestehend aus mindestens einer Verdichtereinheit (1 ), mindestens einer Brennkammer (2) und mindestens einer Gasturbine (3), bei der Zuluft (10) verdichtet, mit Brennstoff vermischt und zur Verbrennung gebracht wird, wodurch ein Arbeitsmittel entsteht, das die mindestens eine Gasturbine (3) antreibt, und bei der die im Arbeitsmittel enthaltene Wärme nach Verlassen der Gasturbinenanlage genutzt wird, indem das Arbeitsmittel durch einen Abhitzekessel (4) geleitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Teil des aus dem Abhitzekessel (4) austretenden Arbeitsmittels der Gasturbinenanlage zugeführt wird.1. A method for operating a gas turbine system consisting of at least one compressor unit (1), at least one combustion chamber (2) and at least one gas turbine (3), in which supply air (10) is compressed, mixed with fuel and brought to combustion, thereby creating a working fluid arises, which drives the at least one gas turbine (3), and in which the heat contained in the working fluid is used after leaving the gas turbine system by passing the working fluid through a waste heat boiler (4), characterized in that at least part of the heat from the waste heat boiler (4) escaping working fluid is supplied to the gas turbine system. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das aus dem Abhitzekessel (4) austretende Arbeitsmittel in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf zu Zwecken seiner Verdichtung der Gasturbinenanlage rezirkuliert wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler (4) is recirculated in a closed circuit for the purpose of compressing the gas turbine system. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gasturbinenanlage, neben dem rezirkulierten Arbeitsmittel, mittels eines Sauerstoffträgermittels (10) Sauerstoff in Form von reinem Sauerstoff, von Luft oder einem Sauerstoff-Gas-Gemisch zumindest in dem Masse zugeführt wird, wie dieser bei der Verbrennung verbraucht wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in addition to the recirculated working medium, the gas turbine system is supplied with oxygen in the form of pure oxygen, air or an oxygen-gas mixture by means of an oxygen carrier (10) at least to the extent that how it is consumed during combustion. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil des aus dem Abhitzekessel (4) austretenden Arbeitsmittels zum Antrieb einer Expansionseinheit (8) verwendet wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that part of the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler (4) is used to drive an expansion unit (8). 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch die Expansionseinheit (8) elektrische und/oder mechanische Energie gewonnen wird, die der Verdichtung des Sauerstoffträgermit- tels (10) und/oder des zur Gasturbinenanlage rezirkulierten Arbeitsmittels verwendet wird.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that electrical and / or mechanical energy is obtained by the expansion unit (8), which the compression of the oxygen carrier mit- means (10) and / or the working fluid recirculated to the gas turbine system is used. 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem geschlossenen Rückführkreislauf ein gezielter Arbeitsdruck in Abhängigkeit der Betriebsweise der Gasturbinenanlage einstellbar ist.6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that in the closed return circuit, a targeted working pressure depending on the mode of operation of the gas turbine system is adjustable. 7. Gasturbinenanlage mit mindestens einer Verdichtereinheit (1 ), mindestens einer Brennkammer (2) sowie mindestens einer Gasturbine (3), die von einem Arbeitsmittel durchströmbar ist, das einem Abhitzekessel (4) zuleitbar ist, in dem die im Arbeitsmittel enthaltene Wärme nutzbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vom Abhitzekessel (4) zur mindestens einen Verdichtereinheit (1 ) der Gasturbinenanlage eine Zuführleitung (6) führt, durch die der mindestens einen Verdichtereinheit (1) wenigstens ein Teil des aus dem Abhitzekessel (4) austretenden Arbeitsmittels zuführbar ist.7. Gas turbine system with at least one compressor unit (1), at least one combustion chamber (2) and at least one gas turbine (3) through which a working fluid can flow, which can be fed to a waste heat boiler (4), in which the heat contained in the working fluid can be used , characterized in that a feed line (6) leads from the waste heat boiler (4) to the at least one compressor unit (1) of the gas turbine system, through which the at least one compressor unit (1) can be fed at least part of the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler (4). 8. Gasturbinenanlage nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zuführleitung (6) einen geschlossenen Kreislauf, in Art eines geschlossenen Rückführsystems, bildet.8. Gas turbine plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the feed line (6) forms a closed circuit, in the manner of a closed return system. 9. Gasturbinenanlage nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Austritt des Abhitzekessels (4) eine Bypasseinheit (7) vorgesehen ist, die zumindest einen Teil des aus dem Abhitzekessel (4) austretenden Arbeitsmittels einer Expansionseinheit (8) zuführt.9. Gas turbine system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a bypass unit (7) is provided at the outlet of the waste heat boiler (4) which supplies at least part of the working fluid emerging from the waste heat boiler (4) to an expansion unit (8). 10. Gasturbinenanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Regeleinheit (9) am Eintritt der Verdichtereinheit (1) vorgesehen ist, mittels der der Anteil zwischen dem rezirkuliertem Arbeitsmittel und dem Sauerstoffträgermittel (10) regelbar ist. 10. Gas turbine system according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that a control unit (9) is provided at the inlet of the compressor unit (1), by means of which the proportion between the recirculated working medium and the oxygen carrier (10) can be regulated. 11. Gasturbinenanlage nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zusätzliche Vorverdichterstufe (11) vorgesehen ist, die das Sauerstoffträgermittel (10) vorverdichtet.11. Gas turbine system according to claim 10, characterized in that an additional precompressor stage (11) is provided which precompresses the oxygen carrier (10). 12. Gasturbinenanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abhitzekessel (4) ein Abhitzedampferzeuger ist, der in einem Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf (5) integriert ist.12. Gas turbine system according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the waste heat boiler (4) is a waste heat steam generator, which is integrated in a water-steam circuit (5). 13. Gasturbinenanlage nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der im Abhitzedampferzeuger (4) erzeugte Dampf zum Antrieb einer Dampfturbine (D) dient. 13. Gas turbine system according to claim 12, characterized in that the steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator (4) is used to drive a steam turbine (D).
PCT/IB2001/002075 2000-11-13 2001-11-06 Method for operating a gas turbine system, and a corresponding system Ceased WO2002038927A1 (en)

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