WO2005021935A1 - Steam power plant - Google Patents
Steam power plant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005021935A1 WO2005021935A1 PCT/EP2004/008348 EP2004008348W WO2005021935A1 WO 2005021935 A1 WO2005021935 A1 WO 2005021935A1 EP 2004008348 W EP2004008348 W EP 2004008348W WO 2005021935 A1 WO2005021935 A1 WO 2005021935A1
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- steam
- power plant
- combustion chamber
- turbine
- combustion
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/005—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the working fluid being steam, created by combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/06—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-inlet-pressure type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Definitions
- the invention relates to a steam power plant with at least one steam turbine and a fired steam generator.
- operating steam for a steam turbine is usually generated in a fired steam generator, the energy contained in a hot gas being released to one or more heat exchangers which are fed with water, so that operating steam can be generated by heating this water, or steam are fed so that an overheating of the steam can be achieved by means of a last-mentioned heat exchanger; such a
- overheating takes place, for example, between a high pressure stage and a medium pressure stage of the steam turbine, the steam leaving the high pressure stage being overheated by means of an intermediate superheater heating surface arranged in the steam generator and being fed to the medium pressure stage.
- Such intermediate superheating of the steam contributes, for example, to a higher efficiency of the steam turbine.
- the supply of thermal energy for generating and / or reheating steam takes place by means of heat exchanger surfaces which are arranged in the fired steam generator, for example a coal or oil-fired or biomass-fired or generally fossil or nuclear-fired steam boiler, and with one guided in the steam generator Hot gas come into contact.
- the heated heat exchanger surfaces in turn give off their thermal energy to water and / or steam, which are guided within the body formed by a heat exchanger surface.
- the heating takes place by means of a heat transfer from the hot gas to the heat exchanger. shear surface and from the heat exchanger surface to the medium to be heated.
- the energy of a hot gas is transferred to the medium to be heated by means of a material of the heat exchanger surface heated by the hot gas, the amount of energy which is transferred to the Medium to be heated, for example water and / or steam, can be transferred, limited by the material properties of the heat exchanger surface.
- the heat transfer from hot gas to the medium to be heated is delayed, essentially due to the heating-up time required for the heat exchanger surface.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a steam power plant with at least one steam turbine and a steam generator which can be used flexibly and overcomes the disadvantages mentioned in the prior art.
- a steam power plant comprising at least one steam turbine and a fired steam generator, in which a combustion chamber is arranged in the direction of the steam flow after a first turbine stage and before a second turbine stage of the steam turbine, and the steam flow in the combustion chamber by mixing with an in the hot gas that can be generated in the combustion chamber is heated.
- the invention is based on the consideration that the heat transfer from a hot gas to a medium to be heated is less restricted compared to the prior art if the energy transfer to the medium to be heated does not use a heat exchanger surface.
- this is achieved in that the steam stream to be heated is introduced directly into a combustion chamber and is mixed there directly with the hot gas.
- This internal additional firing according to the invention can be used in the steam flow direction after the steam generator and before the steam turbine, i.e. already for overheating fresh steam, or also for overheating steam, which already releases part of its energy in a turbine stage and, after overheating according to the invention, is fed to a further turbine stage becomes.
- the steam power plant can continue to be operated like a known steam power plant.
- Hydrogen and / or a hydrocarbon, in particular methane, can advantageously be supplied to the combustion chamber as fuel.
- the fuel comprises carbon and / or hydrogen.
- the main advantage of using hydrogen as a fuel is that if the hydrogen is produced from a hydrocarbon, as is often the case by reforming or gasifying, carbon dioxide is retained during the production of the hydrogen when reforming or gasifying a hydrocarbon with comparatively little energy expenditure can and so the formation of an acidic steam mixture within the steam turbine and / or other components of the steam power plant is avoided from the outset.
- the firing device can advantageously be supplied with an oxygen-containing gas, in particular pure oxygen and / or air, in order to generate a combustion atmosphere.
- an oxygen-containing gas in particular pure oxygen and / or air
- This embodiment of the invention takes into account the requirement that combustion of a fuel is only possible in a suitable combustion atmosphere.
- a particularly efficient combustion is possible by supplying pure oxygen, since compared to air this contains no further components which are more of a hindrance to the combustion and which may would have to be separated before the combustion, for example in an air separation device, in order to create a suitable combustion atmosphere.
- the resulting combustion products can be removed from the steam flow by means of a condenser connected downstream of the steam turbine.
- combustion products are created, which are mostly to be discharged, since they can accumulate in the combustion chamber or other components, especially after a long period of operation, and restrict their function.
- hydrocarbon is burned as fuel in an atmosphere of pure oxygen in a steam power plant according to the invention, at least the combustion products water and carbon dioxide are produced.
- These combustion products are carried along by the steam flow and fed to the condenser.
- a condenser is usually present anyway, so that in connection with the invention it is not absolutely necessary to provide a separate condenser suitable for removing the combustion products.
- the internal additional firing realized by means of the combustion chamber of a steam power plant according to the invention can be made available very quickly during the operation of the steam turbine. All that is required is the ignition of fuel introduced into the combustion chamber; in particular, the heating-up times of known heat exchanger surfaces are eliminated.
- a steam power plant according to the invention has the advantage that combustion products and / or exhaust gas do not necessarily have to be removed from the combustion chamber by means of a separate discharge device, since they are carried along and can be coupled out at another point in the steam cycle, for example the condenser mentioned.
- a higher steam temperature can be achieved by the invention without having to change the design of the steam generator.
- a steam power plant according to the invention can in particular also be used to provide energy during peak load times or to support the network frequency of an electrical energy supply network;
- a steam power plant according to the invention offers the possibility of rapid power control and can be used very flexibly.
- FIG an inventive steam power plant.
- a steam power plant 1 which comprises a steam turbine 3 coupled to a generator 21 and a fired steam generator 5.
- the steam turbine 3 is constructed in three stages and has a first turbine stage 11, a second turbine stage 13 and a third turbine stage 15, which are designed as a high pressure stage, medium pressure stage or low pressure stage.
- the steam generator 5 is a boiler fired by coal 27, to which combustion air 29 is fed in order to maintain the coal furnace.
- a heating surface 37 is arranged in the steam generator 5 in the region of its hot end and an intermediate superheater heating surface 35 is arranged in a region of lower temperature.
- the heating surface 37 serves to heat feed water 24 from a feed water tank 23 in the steam generator 5 in such a way that operating steam can be supplied to the first turbine stage 11.
- the steam is reheated by means of the reheater heating surface 35.
- a steam flow 17 emerges in the direction 9 from the reheater heating surface 35 and is fed to a firing device.
- the steam flow 17 is heated in a combustion chamber 19 by means of a fuel 33 and the addition of oxygen 31, the steam flow 17 in the combustion chamber 19 mixing with the hot gas which arises in the combustion chamber 19 during the combustion of the fuel 33.
- the heat transfer from the hot gas to the steam flow 17 thus takes place directly by mixing, without a material, for example a heat exchanger surface, being provided for the heat transfer.
- oxygen 31 it is also possible to use air to generate a suitable combustion atmosphere, the air possibly being split into oxygen and residual gas by means of an air separation device before being introduced into the combustion chamber.
- a hydrocarbon in particular methane, or hydrogen can be used as fuel 33.
- the steam stream 17 heated by means of the combustion chamber 19 is fed to the second turbine stage 13, where it converts at least part of the energy it contains into mechanical work.
- the steam, which has continued to relax, leaves the second Turbine stage 13 and is fed to the third turbine stage 15, where the energy still present in the steam is converted as well as possible into mechanical energy.
- the expanded steam leaves the third turbine stage 15 as a water-steam mixture and is fed to a condenser 25, where the steam portion still present is condensed to water.
- This water, which accumulates in the condenser 25, is fed as condensate 26 to the feed water tank 23.
- Combustion products 39 which arise during combustion in the combustion chamber 19, can be removed from the condenser 25.
- the combustion products 39 include water and carbon dioxide.
- This water-carbon dioxide mixture is carried along by the steam flow 17 and can be removed from the condenser 25, since when the water-carbon dioxide mixture cools, the water portion largely condenses and almost pure gaseous carbon dioxide remains as gas, which is then transported away and can be stored, for example.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Beschreibungdescription
DampfkraftwerkSteam power plant
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Dampfkraftwerk mit mindestens einer Dampfturbine und einem befeuerten Dampferzeuger.The invention relates to a steam power plant with at least one steam turbine and a fired steam generator.
Bei bekannten Dampfkraftwerken wird Betriebsdampf für eine Dampfturbine meist in einem befeuerten Dampferzeuger erzeugt, wobei die in einem Heißgas enthaltene Energie an einen oder mehrere Wärmetauscher abgegeben wird, welche mit Wasser bespeist sind, so dass durch Aufheizung dieses Wassers Betriebsdampf erzeugbar ist, oder welche mit Dampf bespeist sind, so dass mittels eines letztgenannten Wärmetauschers eine Überhitzung des Dampfes erzielbar ist; eine derartigeIn known steam power plants, operating steam for a steam turbine is usually generated in a fired steam generator, the energy contained in a hot gas being released to one or more heat exchangers which are fed with water, so that operating steam can be generated by heating this water, or steam are fed so that an overheating of the steam can be achieved by means of a last-mentioned heat exchanger; such a
Überhitzung findet bei bekannten Dampfturbinen beispielsweise zwischen einer Hochdruckstufe und einer Mitteldruckstufe der Dampfturbine statt, wobei der die Hochdruckstufe verlassende Dampf mittels einer im Dampferzeuger angeordneten Zwischen- Überhitzerheizfläche überhitzt und der Mitteldruckstufe zugeführt wird.In known steam turbines, overheating takes place, for example, between a high pressure stage and a medium pressure stage of the steam turbine, the steam leaving the high pressure stage being overheated by means of an intermediate superheater heating surface arranged in the steam generator and being fed to the medium pressure stage.
Derartige Zwischenüberhitzungen des Dampfes tragen beispielsweise zu einem höheren Wirkungsgrad der Dampfturbine bei.Such intermediate superheating of the steam contributes, for example, to a higher efficiency of the steam turbine.
Bei bekannten Dampfkraftwerken erfolgt die Zufuhr von Wärmeenergie zur Erzeugung und/oder Zwischenüberhitzung von Dampf mittels Wärmetauscherflächen, welche im befeuerten Dampferzeuger, beispielsweise einem kohle- oder öl- oder biomassebe- feuerten oder allgemein fossil oder nuklear befeuerten Dampfkessel angeordnet sind und mit einem im Dampferzeuger geführten Heißgas in Berührung kommen. Die erhitzten Wärmetauscherflächen geben wiederum ihre Wärmeenergie an Wasser und/oder Dampf ab, welche innerhalb des von einer Wärmetauscherfläche gebildeten Körpers geführt sind. Die Erhitzung erfolgt also mittels einer Wärmeübertragung vom Heißgas an die Wärmetau- scherfläche und von der Wärmetauscherfläche an das aufzuheizende Medium.In known steam power plants, the supply of thermal energy for generating and / or reheating steam takes place by means of heat exchanger surfaces which are arranged in the fired steam generator, for example a coal or oil-fired or biomass-fired or generally fossil or nuclear-fired steam boiler, and with one guided in the steam generator Hot gas come into contact. The heated heat exchanger surfaces in turn give off their thermal energy to water and / or steam, which are guided within the body formed by a heat exchanger surface. The heating takes place by means of a heat transfer from the hot gas to the heat exchanger. shear surface and from the heat exchanger surface to the medium to be heated.
Da bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Wärmetau- schern, welche in Dampferzeugern bekannter Dampfkraftanlagen eingesetzt sind, die Energie eines Heißgases an das aufzuheizende Medium mittels eines durch das Heißgas aufgeheizten Werkstoffs der Wärmetauscherfläche übertragen wird, ist die Menge an Energie, welche an das aufzuheizende Medium, bei- spielsweise Wasser und/oder Dampf übertragen werden kann, begrenzt durch die Werkstoffeigenschaften der Wärmetauscherfläche.Since in the heat exchangers known from the prior art, which are used in steam generators of known steam power plants, the energy of a hot gas is transferred to the medium to be heated by means of a material of the heat exchanger surface heated by the hot gas, the amount of energy which is transferred to the Medium to be heated, for example water and / or steam, can be transferred, limited by the material properties of the heat exchanger surface.
Daher sind bei bekannten Dampfkraftanlagen die zulässigen Dampftemperaturen begrenzt, da die die Wärmeenergie übertragende Wärmetauscherfläche aufgrund ihrer Werkstoffeigenschaften und damit im Zusammenhang stehenden thermischen Belastungsgrenzen nicht beliebig hoch aufheizbar ist.For this reason, the permissible steam temperatures are limited in known steam power plants, since the heat exchanger surface which transfers the thermal energy cannot be heated to an arbitrarily high temperature due to its material properties and the associated thermal load limits.
Des Weiteren ist die Wärmeübertragung von Heißgas an das aufzuheizende Medium mit einer Verzögerung behaftet, verursacht im Wesentlichen durch die benötigte Aufheizzeit der Wärmetauscherfläche.Furthermore, the heat transfer from hot gas to the medium to be heated is delayed, essentially due to the heating-up time required for the heat exchanger surface.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Dampfkraftwerk mit mindestens einer Dampfturbine und einem Dampferzeuger anzugeben, welches flexibel einsetzbar ist und insbesondere genannte Nachteile aus dem Stand der Technik überwindet.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a steam power plant with at least one steam turbine and a steam generator which can be used flexibly and overcomes the disadvantages mentioned in the prior art.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Dampfkraftwerk, umfassend mindestens eine Dampfturbine und einen befeuerten Dampferzeuger, bei welchem eine Brennkammer in Richtung des Dampfstroms nach einer ersten Turbinenstufe und vor einer zweiten Turbinenstufe der Dampfturbine angeordnet ist und der Dampfstrom in der Brennkammer mittels Vermischung mit einem in der Brennkammer erzeugbaren Heißgas beheizbar ist. Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, dass die Wärmeübertragung von einem Heißgas an ein aufzuheizendes Medium im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik weniger beschränkt ist, wenn die Energieübertragung auf das aufzuheizende Medium auf die Verwendung einer Wärmetauscherfläche verzichtet.The object is achieved according to the invention by a steam power plant comprising at least one steam turbine and a fired steam generator, in which a combustion chamber is arranged in the direction of the steam flow after a first turbine stage and before a second turbine stage of the steam turbine, and the steam flow in the combustion chamber by mixing with an in the hot gas that can be generated in the combustion chamber is heated. The invention is based on the consideration that the heat transfer from a hot gas to a medium to be heated is less restricted compared to the prior art if the energy transfer to the medium to be heated does not use a heat exchanger surface.
Dies wird bei der Erfindung dadurch erreicht, dass der aufzuheizende Dampfstrom unmittelbar in eine Brennkammer eingelei- tet wird und sich dort direkt mit dem Heißgas vermischt.In the case of the invention, this is achieved in that the steam stream to be heated is introduced directly into a combustion chamber and is mixed there directly with the hot gas.
Diese erfindungsgemäße interne Zusatzfeuerung kann in Dampfstromrichtung nach dem Dampferzeuger und vor der Dampfturbine, also bereits zur Überhitzung von Frischdampf, oder auch zur Überhitzung von Dampf verwendet werden, welcher bereits einen Teil seiner Energie in einer Turbinenstufe abgegeben und nach einer erfindungsgemäßen Überhitzung einer weiteren Turbinenstufe zugeführt wird.This internal additional firing according to the invention can be used in the steam flow direction after the steam generator and before the steam turbine, i.e. already for overheating fresh steam, or also for overheating steam, which already releases part of its energy in a turbine stage and, after overheating according to the invention, is fed to a further turbine stage becomes.
Mittels eines erfindungsgemäßen Dampfkraftwerks sind im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik höhere Dampftemperaturen erzielbar, welche zu einem höheren Wirkungsgrad des Dampfkraftwerks beitragen können.By means of a steam power plant according to the invention, higher steam temperatures can be achieved compared to the prior art, which can contribute to a higher efficiency of the steam power plant.
Wird bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Dampfkraftwerk die mittels der Brennkammer realisierte Zusatzfeuerung abgeschaltet oder fällt diese aus, so kann das Dampfkraftwerk weiterbetrieben werden wie ein bekanntes Dampfkraftwerk.If, in a steam power plant according to the invention, the additional firing realized by means of the combustion chamber is switched off or fails, the steam power plant can continue to be operated like a known steam power plant.
Vorteilhaft ist der Brennkammer Wasserstoff und/oder ein Kohlenwasserstoff, insbesondere Methan, als Brennstoff zuführbar.Hydrogen and / or a hydrocarbon, in particular methane, can advantageously be supplied to the combustion chamber as fuel.
Insbesondere umfasst der Brennstoff Kohlenstoff und/oder Was- serstoff. Die Verwendung von Wasserstoff als Brennstoff bietet vor allem den Vorteil, dass - falls der Wasserstoff wie vielfach üblich durch Reformierung oder Vergasung aus einem Kohlenwasserstoff hergestellt ist - anfallendes Kohlendioxid bereits während der Herstellung des Wasserstoffs bei der Reformierung oder Vergasung eines Kohlenwasserstoffs mit vergleichsweise geringem Energieaufwand zurückgehalten werden kann und so die Bildung eines sauren Dampfgemisches innerhalb der Dampfturbine und/oder anderen Komponenten des Dampfkraftwerks von vornherein vermieden ist.In particular, the fuel comprises carbon and / or hydrogen. The main advantage of using hydrogen as a fuel is that if the hydrogen is produced from a hydrocarbon, as is often the case by reforming or gasifying, carbon dioxide is retained during the production of the hydrogen when reforming or gasifying a hydrocarbon with comparatively little energy expenditure can and so the formation of an acidic steam mixture within the steam turbine and / or other components of the steam power plant is avoided from the outset.
Um eine besonders gute Befeuerung der Brennkammer zu erreichen, ist der Befeuerungseinrichtung vorteilhaft ein sauer- stoffhaltiges Gas, insbesondere reiner Sauerstoff und/oder Luft zur Erzeugung einer Verbrennungsatmosphäre zuführbar.In order to achieve particularly good firing of the combustion chamber, the firing device can advantageously be supplied with an oxygen-containing gas, in particular pure oxygen and / or air, in order to generate a combustion atmosphere.
Diese Ausführungsform der Erfindung trägt dem Erfordernis Rechnung, dass eine Verbrennung eines Brennstoffs nur in einer geeigneten Verbrennungsatmosphäre möglich ist. Eine be- sonders effiziente Verbrennung ist mittels der Zuführung reinen Sauerstoffs möglich, da dieser im Vergleich zu Luft keine weiteren, für die Verbrennung eher hinderlichen Bestandteile enthält, die u.U. vor der Verbrennung beispielsweise in einer Luftzerlegungseinrichtung abgetrennt werden müssten, um eine geeignete Verbrennungsatmosphäre zu schaffen.This embodiment of the invention takes into account the requirement that combustion of a fuel is only possible in a suitable combustion atmosphere. A particularly efficient combustion is possible by supplying pure oxygen, since compared to air this contains no further components which are more of a hindrance to the combustion and which may would have to be separated before the combustion, for example in an air separation device, in order to create a suitable combustion atmosphere.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind anfallende Verbrennungsprodukte dem Dampfstrom mittels eines der Dampfturbine nachgeschalteten Kondensators entnehm- bar.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the resulting combustion products can be removed from the steam flow by means of a condenser connected downstream of the steam turbine.
Bei praktisch allen Verbrennungsprozessen entstehen Verbrennungsprodukte, welche meist abzuführen sind, da sie sich, insbesondere nach einer längeren Betriebszeit, in der Brenn- kammer oder sonstigen Komponenten ablagern können und deren Funktion einschränken. Wird bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Dampfkraftwerk beispielsweise Kohlenwasserstoff als Brennstoff in einer Atmosphäre aus reinem Sauerstoff verbrannt, so entstehen zumindest die Verbrennungsprodukte Wasser und Kohlendioxid. Diese Verbren- nungsprodukte werden vom Dampfstrom mitgeführt und dem Kondensator zugeleitet. Bei bekannten Dampfkraftwerken ist ein Kondensator meist ohnehin vorhanden, so dass im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung nicht unbedingt ein zur Entnahme der Verbrennungsprodukte geeigneter, separater Kondensator vorge- sehen werden muss.In practically all combustion processes, combustion products are created, which are mostly to be discharged, since they can accumulate in the combustion chamber or other components, especially after a long period of operation, and restrict their function. If, for example, hydrocarbon is burned as fuel in an atmosphere of pure oxygen in a steam power plant according to the invention, at least the combustion products water and carbon dioxide are produced. These combustion products are carried along by the steam flow and fed to the condenser. In known steam power plants, a condenser is usually present anyway, so that in connection with the invention it is not absolutely necessary to provide a separate condenser suitable for removing the combustion products.
Bei der Abkühlung des Dampfes, welcher die Verbrennungsprodukte als Wasser-Kohlendioxid-Gemisch enthält, kondensiert der Wasseranteil weitgehend und es bleibt nahezu reines, gas- förmiges Kohlendioxid übrig, welches dem Kondensator entnommen und beispielsweise gelagert werden kann.When the steam, which contains the combustion products as a water-carbon dioxide mixture, is cooled, the water portion largely condenses and almost pure, gaseous carbon dioxide remains, which can be removed from the condenser and stored, for example.
Wie bereits erwähnt, kann bei der Verwendung von Wasserstoff als Brennstoff, welcher mittels einer Reformierung oder Ver- gasung eines Kohlenwasserstoffs hergestellt ist, anfallendes Kohlendioxid bereits vor der Einleitung des Brennstoffs in die Brennkammer entnommen werden, so dass in diesem Fall bei der Verbrennung praktisch kein Kohlendioxid als Verbrennungsprodukt entsteht.As already mentioned, when using hydrogen as fuel, which is produced by means of reforming or gasifying a hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide produced can be removed before the fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber, so that in this case practically none during combustion Carbon dioxide is created as a combustion product.
Die mittels der Brennkammer eines erfindungsgemäßen Dampfkraftwerks realisierte interne Zusatzfeuerung kann während des Betriebs der Dampfturbine sehr schnell zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Dazu ist lediglich das Entzünden von in die Brennkammer eingeleiteten Brennstoff nötig; es entfallen insbesondere die Aufheizzeiten von bekannten Wärmetauscherflächen.The internal additional firing realized by means of the combustion chamber of a steam power plant according to the invention can be made available very quickly during the operation of the steam turbine. All that is required is the ignition of fuel introduced into the combustion chamber; in particular, the heating-up times of known heat exchanger surfaces are eliminated.
Des Weiteren bietet ein erfindungsgemäßes Dampfkraftwerk den Vorteil, dass Verbrennungsprodukte und/oder Abgas nicht unbedingt aus der Brennkammer mittels einer separaten Austragseinrichtung abgeführt werden müssen, da sie vom Dampf- ström mitgeführt und an anderer Stelle des Dampfkreislaufs, beispielsweise dem genannten Kondensator, ausgekoppelt werden können. Außerdem ist durch die Erfindung eine höhere Dampftemperatur erzielbar, ohne die Auslegung des Dampferzeugers ändern zu müssen.Furthermore, a steam power plant according to the invention has the advantage that combustion products and / or exhaust gas do not necessarily have to be removed from the combustion chamber by means of a separate discharge device, since they are carried along and can be coupled out at another point in the steam cycle, for example the condenser mentioned. In addition, a higher steam temperature can be achieved by the invention without having to change the design of the steam generator.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Dampfkraftwerk kann insbesondere auch zur Bereitstellung von Energie in Spitzenlastzeiten oder zur Stützung der Netzfrequenz eines elektrischen Energieversor- gungsnetzes eingesetzt werden; ein erfindungsgemäßes Dampfkraftwerk bietet die Möglichkeit einer schnellen Leistungsregelung und ist sehr flexibel einsetzbar.A steam power plant according to the invention can in particular also be used to provide energy during peak load times or to support the network frequency of an electrical energy supply network; A steam power plant according to the invention offers the possibility of rapid power control and can be used very flexibly.
Im Folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher dargestellt.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated in more detail below.
Es zeigt:It shows:
FIG ein erfindungsgemäßes Dampfkraftwerk.FIG an inventive steam power plant.
In der Figur ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Dampfkraftwerk 1 dargestellt, welches eine mit einem Generator 21 gekoppelte Dampfturbine 3, sowie einen befeuerten Dampferzeuger 5 umfasst .In the figure, a steam power plant 1 according to the invention is shown, which comprises a steam turbine 3 coupled to a generator 21 and a fired steam generator 5.
Die Dampfturbine 3 ist dreistufig aufgebaut und weist eine erste Turbinenstufe 11, eine zweite Turbinenstufe 13 und eine dritte Turbinenstufe 15 auf, welche als Hochdruckstufe, Mitteldruckstufe bzw. Niederdruckstufe ausgebildet sind.The steam turbine 3 is constructed in three stages and has a first turbine stage 11, a second turbine stage 13 and a third turbine stage 15, which are designed as a high pressure stage, medium pressure stage or low pressure stage.
Beim Dampferzeuger 5 handelt es sich im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur und einen mittels Kohle 27 befeuerten Kessel, welchem zum Unterhalten der Kohlefeuerung Verbrennungsluft 29 zugeführt ist. Im Dampferzeuger 5 ist im Bereich dessen heißem Ende eine Heizfläche 37 sowie in einem Bereich niedrigerer Temperatur eine Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche 35 angeordnet.In the present exemplary embodiment of the figure, the steam generator 5 is a boiler fired by coal 27, to which combustion air 29 is fed in order to maintain the coal furnace. A heating surface 37 is arranged in the steam generator 5 in the region of its hot end and an intermediate superheater heating surface 35 is arranged in a region of lower temperature.
Die Heizfläche 37 dient dazu, Speisewasser 24 aus einem Speisewasserbehälter 23 im Dampferzeuger 5 derart zu erhitzen, dass der ersten Turbinenstufe 11 Betriebsdampf zuführbar ist.The heating surface 37 serves to heat feed water 24 from a feed water tank 23 in the steam generator 5 in such a way that operating steam can be supplied to the first turbine stage 11.
Nach Teilentspannung in der ersten Turbinenstufe 11 wird der Dampf mittels der Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche 35 zwischenüberhitzt. Ein Dampfström 17 tritt in Richtung 9 aus der Zwischenüberhitzerheizfläche 35 aus und wird einer Befeuerungseinrichtung zugeleitet. Dabei wird der Dampfström 17 in einer Brennkammer 19 mittels eines Brennstoffs 33 und Zugabe von Sauerstoff 31 aufgeheizt, wobei sich der Dampfstrom 17 in der Brennkammer 19 mit dem Heißgas vermischt, welches in der Brennkammer 19 bei der Verbrennung des Brennstoffs 33 entsteht.After partial relaxation in the first turbine stage 11, the steam is reheated by means of the reheater heating surface 35. A steam flow 17 emerges in the direction 9 from the reheater heating surface 35 and is fed to a firing device. The steam flow 17 is heated in a combustion chamber 19 by means of a fuel 33 and the addition of oxygen 31, the steam flow 17 in the combustion chamber 19 mixing with the hot gas which arises in the combustion chamber 19 during the combustion of the fuel 33.
Die Wärmeübertragung vom Heißgas auf den Dampfstrom 17 erfolgt also direkt durch Vermischung, ohne dass zur Wärmeübertragung ein Werkstoff, beispielsweise eine Wärmetauscherfläche, vorgesehen ist.The heat transfer from the hot gas to the steam flow 17 thus takes place directly by mixing, without a material, for example a heat exchanger surface, being provided for the heat transfer.
Anstelle von Sauerstoff 31 ist auch die Verwendung von Luft zur Erzeugung einer geeigneten Verbrennungsatmosphäre möglich, wobei die Luft ggf. vor Einleitung in die Brennkammer mittels einer Luftzerlegungseinrichtung in Sauerstoff und Restgas aufgespaltet wird.Instead of oxygen 31, it is also possible to use air to generate a suitable combustion atmosphere, the air possibly being split into oxygen and residual gas by means of an air separation device before being introduced into the combustion chamber.
Als Brennstoff 33 kann beispielsweise ein Kohlenwasserstoff, insbesondere Methan, oder Wasserstoff verwendet werden.For example, a hydrocarbon, in particular methane, or hydrogen can be used as fuel 33.
Der mittels der Brennkammer 19 aufgeheizte Dampfstrom 17 wird der zweiten Turbinenstufe 13 zugeführt, wo er zumindest einen Teil seiner in ihm enthaltenen Energie in mechanische Arbeit wandelt. Der so weiter entspannte Dampf verlässt die zweite Turbinenstufe 13 und wird der dritten Turbinenstufe 15 zugeleitet, wo die im Dampf noch vorhandene Energie möglichst gut in mechanische Energie umgewandelt wird.The steam stream 17 heated by means of the combustion chamber 19 is fed to the second turbine stage 13, where it converts at least part of the energy it contains into mechanical work. The steam, which has continued to relax, leaves the second Turbine stage 13 and is fed to the third turbine stage 15, where the energy still present in the steam is converted as well as possible into mechanical energy.
Der entspannte Dampf verlässt als Wasser-Dampf-Gemisch die dritte Turbinenstufe 15 und wird einem Kondensator 25 zugeleitet, wo der noch vorhandene Dampfanteil zu Wasser kondensiert wird.The expanded steam leaves the third turbine stage 15 as a water-steam mixture and is fed to a condenser 25, where the steam portion still present is condensed to water.
Dieses, sich im Kondensator 25 ansammelnde Wasser wird als Kondensat 26 dem Speisewasserbehälter 23 zugeführt.This water, which accumulates in the condenser 25, is fed as condensate 26 to the feed water tank 23.
Dem Kondensator 25 können Verbrennungsprodukte 39 entnommen werden, welche bei der Verbrennung in der Brennkammer 19 ent- stehen.Combustion products 39, which arise during combustion in the combustion chamber 19, can be removed from the condenser 25.
Da sich in der Brennkammer 19 die Verbrennung innerhalb des Dampfstroms 17 abspielt, werden die Verbrennungsprodukte 39 vom Dampfstrom 17 im Dampfkreislauf mitgeführt und nach die- ser Ausführungsform der Erfindung dem Kondensator 25 entnommen.Since the combustion takes place within the steam flow 17 in the combustion chamber 19, the combustion products 39 are carried along by the steam flow 17 in the steam cycle and removed from the condenser 25 according to this embodiment of the invention.
Wird als Brennstoff 33 beispielsweise ein Kohlenwasserstoff mit Sauerstoff 31 verbrannt, so umfassen die Verbrennungspro- dukte 39 Wasser und Kohlendioxid. Dieses Wasser-Kohlendioxid- Gemisch wird vom Dampfstrom 17 mitgeführt und kann dem Kondensator 25 entnommen werden, da bei der Abkühlung des Was- ser-Kohlendioxid-Gemischs der Wasseranteil weitgehend kondensiert und nahezu reines gasförmiges Kohlendioxid als Gas ver- bleibt, welches anschließend abtransportiert und beispielsweise gelagert werden kann. If, for example, a hydrocarbon is burned with oxygen 31 as fuel 33, the combustion products 39 include water and carbon dioxide. This water-carbon dioxide mixture is carried along by the steam flow 17 and can be removed from the condenser 25, since when the water-carbon dioxide mixture cools, the water portion largely condenses and almost pure gaseous carbon dioxide remains as gas, which is then transported away and can be stored, for example.
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006524246A JP2007503544A (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-07-26 | Steam power station |
| US10/569,564 US20060266040A1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-07-26 | Steam power plant |
| EP04763498A EP1658418A1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-07-26 | Steam power plant |
| YUP-2006/0127A RS51511B (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-07-26 | THERMAL POWER PLANT |
| IL173778A IL173778A0 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2006-02-16 | Steam power plant |
| EGNA2006000177 EG24289A (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2006-02-20 | Steam power plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20313279U DE20313279U1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2003-08-27 | Steam power plant |
| DE20313279.3 | 2003-08-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005021935A1 true WO2005021935A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
Family
ID=29265806
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2004/008348 Ceased WO2005021935A1 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-07-26 | Steam power plant |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060266040A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1658418A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2007503544A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20060069852A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1842638A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE20313279U1 (en) |
| EG (1) | EG24289A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL173778A0 (en) |
| RS (1) | RS51511B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005021935A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5075900B2 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-11-21 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Hydrogen-containing fuel compatible combustor and its low NOx operation method |
| DE102012012683A1 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-02 | RERUM COGNITIO Institut GmbH | Method for electric power generation in cyclic process in two-stage combined gas and steam turbine process, involves obtaining high temperatures with positive effect of efficiency in low pressures upto material limit |
| JP6541050B2 (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2019-07-10 | 日本ファーネス株式会社 | High temperature oxygen combustion apparatus and high temperature oxygen combustion method |
| CN104061028B (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-02-24 | 华北电力大学 | The double reheat association circulating power generation system that hydrogen-oxygen is combined with coal dust firing and method |
| JP7408823B2 (en) * | 2020-01-29 | 2024-01-05 | シーメンス エナジー グローバル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニー コマンディートゲゼルシャフト | Plant with auxiliary module |
| US11988114B2 (en) | 2022-04-21 | 2024-05-21 | Mitsubishi Power Americas, Inc. | H2 boiler for steam system |
| JP2024027572A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2024-03-01 | 株式会社東芝 | Combined cycle power generation equipment |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5956937A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1999-09-28 | Clean Energy Systems, Inc. | Reduced pollution power generation system having multiple turbines and reheater |
| DE19936704A1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2001-02-08 | Alexander Waberski | Combined gas turbine operating method, involves cooling exhaust fume/steam mixture down after relaxation in gas turbine until water condenses, and injecting water after filtering into combustion chamber |
| US20030153216A1 (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2003-08-14 | Van-Drentham-Susman Hector Filipus Alexander | Propulsion apparatus |
| WO2003069132A1 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2003-08-21 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Integrated air separation and oxygen fired power generation system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5038568A (en) * | 1989-11-20 | 1991-08-13 | Pyropower Corporation | System for reheat steam temperature control in circulating fluidized bed boilers |
| SE502492C2 (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1995-10-30 | Abb Carbon Ab | Boiler system with common steam system |
| DE59301406D1 (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1996-02-22 | Siemens Ag | Process for operating a power plant and system operating thereon |
| JP3017937B2 (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 2000-03-13 | 株式会社東芝 | Hydrogen combustion turbine plant |
| JP2002309908A (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Turbine equipment and method for operating turbine equipment |
-
2003
- 2003-08-27 DE DE20313279U patent/DE20313279U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-07-26 KR KR1020067003914A patent/KR20060069852A/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-26 RS YUP-2006/0127A patent/RS51511B/en unknown
- 2004-07-26 EP EP04763498A patent/EP1658418A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-26 JP JP2006524246A patent/JP2007503544A/en active Pending
- 2004-07-26 US US10/569,564 patent/US20060266040A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-26 WO PCT/EP2004/008348 patent/WO2005021935A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-26 CN CNA2004800246472A patent/CN1842638A/en active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-02-16 IL IL173778A patent/IL173778A0/en unknown
- 2006-02-20 EG EGNA2006000177 patent/EG24289A/en active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5956937A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1999-09-28 | Clean Energy Systems, Inc. | Reduced pollution power generation system having multiple turbines and reheater |
| DE19936704A1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2001-02-08 | Alexander Waberski | Combined gas turbine operating method, involves cooling exhaust fume/steam mixture down after relaxation in gas turbine until water condenses, and injecting water after filtering into combustion chamber |
| US20030153216A1 (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2003-08-14 | Van-Drentham-Susman Hector Filipus Alexander | Propulsion apparatus |
| WO2003069132A1 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2003-08-21 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Integrated air separation and oxygen fired power generation system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20060069852A (en) | 2006-06-22 |
| RS20060127A (en) | 2007-12-31 |
| US20060266040A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
| EG24289A (en) | 2009-01-08 |
| IL173778A0 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
| JP2007503544A (en) | 2007-02-22 |
| CN1842638A (en) | 2006-10-04 |
| EP1658418A1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
| RS51511B (en) | 2011-06-30 |
| DE20313279U1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
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