WO2002036640A1 - Synthese de polymeres a blocs obtenus par polymerisation radicalaire controlee - Google Patents
Synthese de polymeres a blocs obtenus par polymerisation radicalaire controlee Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002036640A1 WO2002036640A1 PCT/FR2001/003438 FR0103438W WO0236640A1 WO 2002036640 A1 WO2002036640 A1 WO 2002036640A1 FR 0103438 W FR0103438 W FR 0103438W WO 0236640 A1 WO0236640 A1 WO 0236640A1
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- 0 CC(C(*)(*)C(C)(C)C)/Cl(/C)=Cl/I Chemical compound CC(C(*)(*)C(C)(C)C)/Cl(/C)=Cl/I 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new radical polymerization process giving access to block polymers, as well as the block polymers thus obtained.
- Block polymers are usually prepared by ionic polymerization. This type of polymerization has the drawback of only allowing the polymerization of certain types of apolar monomers, in particular styrene and butadiene, and of requiring a particularly pure reaction medium and temperatures often below ambient so as to minimize the parasitic reactions, hence severe implementation constraints.
- Radical polymerization has the advantage of being easily carried out without excessive purity conditions being met and at temperatures equal to or above ambient. However, until recently there was no radical polymerization process allowing block polymers to be obtained.
- Controlled radical polymerization has the following distinctive aspects: 1. the number of chains is fixed throughout the duration of the reaction,
- the average molecular weight is controlled by the monomer / chain precursor molar ratio
- Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization uses transition metal salts associated with organic ligands and an initiator which is generally an organic halide; control of the polymerization is made possible by the reversible cleavage of the C-Halogen bond (Matyjaszewski K., patent application WO 96/30421).
- a drawback of this polymerization is that a large amount of metal remains in the reaction medium at the end of the polymerization. Otsu (Otsu et al., Makromol. Chem. Rapid Comm., 3.12 A 32, (1982), Otsu et al.
- the controlled nature of the reaction is due to the reversibility of the CS bond under UV irradiation. It is thus possible to obtain block copolymers.
- the activation / deactivation equilibrium constant is not very favorable with regard to the propagation speed, which has the consequence of generating relatively large molecular weight distributions.
- Controlled radical polymerization has an advantage over conventional radical polymerization when it comes to preparing low molecular weight and functionalized chains (reactive telomeres). Such polymers are sought after for specific applications such as, for example, coatings and adhesives.
- the fraction of chains with at most one functional site becomes significant when the average degree of polymerization is less than a threshold value (eg 20 or 30 ).
- a threshold value eg 20 or 30 .
- polymer is used to describe homopolymers or copolymers unless otherwise indicated.
- block polymer is understood to mean a copolymer comprising at least two successive sequences of blocks of monomer units of different chemical constitutions.
- the blocks can consist of a homopolymer or a polymer obtained from a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
- the block can be a random copolymer.
- the block copolymer can comprise two blocks each made up of random copolymers.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomers are such that the blocks obtained are of different natures.
- different natures is meant blocks made up of monomers of different types, but also blocks made up of monomers of the same type but in different quantities.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new radical polymerization process using a new control agent.
- a second object of the invention is to propose a polymerization process during which the number-average molecular weights Mn of the polymers obtained are well controlled, these number-average molecular weights Mn increasing in number with the conversion of the monomer.
- Another aim is to propose a controlled radical polymerization process for the synthesis of functionalized polymers at the end of the chain.
- tetrathiophosphate group is meant a group of formula:
- the cyclic organic compound comprising at least one tetrathiophosphate group is chosen from a compound of formula (IA) (tetraphosphorus decasulfide or P 4 S 10 ) and a compound of general formula (IB):
- (IIA) (IIB) with R. represents an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkene or alkyne group,
- a carbon ring or a heterocycle saturated or not, aromatic or optionally substituted
- n identical or different, an integer greater than or equal to 2.
- m is less than or equal to 5.
- the optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkene or alkyne groups generally have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12, and more preferably 1 to 9 carbon atoms. They can be linear or branched. They can also be substituted in particular by oxygen atoms, in the form in particular of esters, sulfur or nitrogen atoms.
- alkyl radicals mention may in particular be made of the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl or dodecyl radical.
- the alkene radicals are radicals generally of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, they exhibit at least one ethylenic unsaturation, such as the vinyl or allyl radical.
- the alkyne groups are radicals generally of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, they exhibit at least one acetylenic unsaturation, such as the acetylenyl radical.
- aryl radicals mention may in particular be made of the phenyl radical, optionally substituted in particular by a nitro or hydroxyl function.
- aralkyl radicals mention may in particular be made of the benzyl or phenethyl radical, optionally substituted in particular by a nitro or hydroxyl function.
- R is a heterocycle
- the piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidone or piperazine radical is preferred.
- R is a polymer chain
- this polymer chain can result from radical or ionic polymerization or result from polycondensation.
- the group R when substituted, may be substituted by substituted phenyl groups, substituted aromatic groups, saturated or unsaturated carbon rings, saturated or unsaturated heterocycles, or groups: alkoxycarbonyl or aryloxycarbonyl (-COOR ′), carboxy (-COOH), acyloxy (-
- R represents an alkyl or aryl group or a polymer chain.
- R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl
- the preferred alkyl radical is the radical of formula
- n is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
- the maximum value of m is 5.
- the groups R., in a compound of formula (IB) are identical.
- the groups R and R., in a compound of formula (IB) are identical.
- the compound (IB) useful in the present invention is for example a compound of formula (IB) in which R is chosen from:
- the compounds of formulas (IA) and (IB) have the advantage of being easily accessible.
- the compound of formula (IA) and certain reagents of formula (IB), such as the compound 2,4-bis (methylthio) -2,4-dithioxo-1, 3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane, are commercial products.
- Certain reagents of formula (IB) can be obtained in particular by reaction between the compound of formula (IA) with at least one alcohol (ROH) or at least one thiol (RSH) (H. Davy, J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun., 457 (1982); G. Ohms et al. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1297 (1995); M. Démarcq J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2221 (1988)).
- ROH alcohol
- RSH thiol
- the process of the invention is in all cases implemented in the presence of a source of free radicals, however, for certain monomers, such as styrene, the free radicals making it possible to initiate the polymerization can be generated by the " ethylenically unsaturated monomer, itself at sufficiently high temperatures generally above 100 ° C. It is not, in this case, necessary to add a source of additional free radicals.
- the source of free radicals useful in the process of the present invention is generally a radical polymerization initiator.
- the radical polymerization initiator can be chosen from the initiators conventionally used in radical polymerization. It can for example be one of the following initiators:
- - hydrogen peroxides such as: tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, eu hydroperoxide, t-butyl-peroxyacetate, t-butyl-peroxybenzoate, t-butylperoxyoctoate, t-butylperoxyneodecanoate, t- butylperoxyisobutarate, lauroyl peroxide, t-amylperoxypivalte, t-butylperoxypivalate, dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, - azo compounds such as: 2-2 ' -azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2,2'- azobis (2-butanenitrile), 4,4'-azobis (4-pentanoic acid), 1, 1'- azobis (cyclohexane-carbonitrile), 2- (t-butylazo) -2-cyanoprop
- - redox systems comprising combinations such as:. mixtures of hydrogen peroxide, alkyl, peresters, percarbonates and the like and of any of the iron salts, titanous salts, zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate or sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and reducing sugars,
- the amount of initiator to be used is determined so that the amount of radicals generated is at most 50% by mole, preferably at most 20% by mole, relative to the amount of cyclic organic compound comprising at least one tetrathiophosphate group.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomers useful in the process of the present invention are all the monomers which polymerize in the presence of the cyclic organic compound comprising at least one tetrathiophosphate group to give active polymer chains.
- These ethylenically unsaturated monomers are for example
- - vinyl and vinylidene halides - ethylenic unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and the mono-alkyl esters of dicarboxylic acids of the type mentioned with the alkanols preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and their N-substituted derivatives,
- amides of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide or methacrylamide, N-alkylacrylamides.
- ethylenic monomers comprising a sulfonic acid group and its alkali or ammonium salts, for example vinylsulfonic acid, vinyl-benzene sulfonic acid, alpha-acrylamido methylpropane-sulfonic acid, 2-sulfoethylene-methacrylate,
- - amides of vinylamine in particular vinylformamide or vinylacetamide, - unsaturated ethylenic monomers containing a secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino group, or a heterocyclic group containing nitrogen such as for example vinylpyridines, vinylimidazole, ( aminoalkyl meth) acrylates and aminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate or -methacrylate, ditertiobutylaminoethyl acrylate or -methacrylate, dimethylamino methyl-acrylamide or -methacrylamide, or zwitterionic monomers such as for example l ' sulfopropyl (dimethyl) aminopropyl acrylate,
- - dienes for example butadiene, chloroprene, - (meth) acrylic esters,
- styrene and styrene derivatives such as alphamethylstyrene or vinyltoluene
- - dienes for example butadiene or chloroprene
- - unsaturated ethylenic monomers comprising a secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino group, or a heterocyclic group containing nitrogen, such as for example vinylpyridines, vinylimidazole.
- (meth) acrylic esters is meant the esters of acrylic acid and of methacrylic acid with hydrogenated or fluorinated C-
- Vinyl nitriles more particularly include those having from 3 to
- the amides of vinylamine for example vinylformamide or vinylacetamide, are preferably used as ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Then, the polymer obtained is hydrolyzed at acidic pH or. basic.
- vinyl esters of carboxylic acid such as for example vinyl acetate
- vinyl acetate ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
- the polymer obtained is hydrolyzed at acidic or basic pH.
- ethylenically unsaturated monomers can be used alone or in mixtures.
- n is greater than or equal to 1, preferably greater than 6,
- V, V, identical or different, represent: H, an alkyl group or a halogen
- - X, X ' identical or different, represent H, a halogen or a group R 2 , OR 2 , O 2 COR 2 , NHCOH, OH, NH 2 , NHR 2 , N (R 2 ) 2, (R 2 ) 2N + O ", NHCOR 2 , CO 2 H, C ⁇ 2R 2 , CN, CONH2, CONHR 2 or CON (R 2 ) 2, in which R 2 is chosen from alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, alkene or organosilyl groups, possibly perfluorinated and possibly
- - b is 0 or 1.
- the polymerization can be carried out in bulk, in solution, in emulsion, in dispersion or in suspension. Preferably, it is used in solution or in emulsion.
- the method is implemented semi-continuously.
- the temperature can vary between room temperature and 150 ° C depending on the nature of the monomers used.
- the instantaneous polymer content relative to the instantaneous amount of monomer and polymer is between 50 and 99% by weight, preferably between 75 and 99%, even more preferably between 90 and 99% . This content is maintained, in known manner, by controlling the temperature, the rate of addition of the reagents and optionally the polymerization initiator.
- the method is implemented in the absence of UV source, by thermal ignition.
- This variant makes it possible in particular to obtain polymers having a low polydispersity index (Mw / Mn), generally at most 2, preferably at most 1.5, Mw being the molecular weight by weight.
- the acid used is a compound of formula R 3 COOH, formula in which R 3 represents an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkene or alkyne group, a carbon ring or a heterocycle, optionally saturated, optionally aromatic substituted.
- the process of the invention can be carried out using a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. In this case, a statistical first generation polymer is obtained.
- monomers of particular natures for example hydrophilic monomers and hydrophobic monomers and the amount of each of these monomers in the block, a block having particular properties is obtained. This procedure is particularly advantageous when the first generation polymer thus obtained is an intermediate in the preparation of a block copolymer.
- the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a Nth generation block copolymer, by radical polymerization, N being greater than or equal to 2, which comprises:
- each of these stages being implemented from a composition, as described above, comprising: - at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer a source of free radicals, and the block polymer obtained in the preceding radical polymerization stage, the ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomers being such that the block formed in this stage is of a different nature from the block formed in the preceding stage.
- a second generation block copolymer can be obtained by a process which comprises the radical polymerization of a composition comprising: at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a source of free radicals, and the first generation polymer obtained by radical polymerization of the composition containing the cyclic organic compound comprising at least one tetrathiophosphate group and ethylenically unsaturated monomers, the block thus obtained being of a nature different from the first generation polymer.
- a first generation polymer is synthesized from a composition comprising one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers, from a source of free radicals and from a cyclic organic compound comprising at least one tetrathiophosphate group and then (2) the first generation polymer obtained in step (1) is used to prepare a diblock copolymer (second generation) by bringing this first generation polymer into contact with one or more ethylenically monomers unsaturated and a source of free radicals, the block obtained in step (2) being of a different nature from the first generation polymer of step (1).
- This step (2) can be repeated with new monomers and the diblock copolymers obtained to synthesize a new block and obtain a triblock copolymer.
- the polymerization step can thus be repeated as many times as necessary from a block copolymer to obtain a copolymer with an additional block.
- X, X ', Y and Y' represent H, a halogen or a group R 2 , OR 2 , ⁇ 2COR 2 , NHCOH, OH, NH 2 , NHR 2 , N (R 2 ) 2 , (R 2 ) 2 N + O-, NHCOR 2 , CO 2 H, C ⁇ 2R 2 , CN, CONH 2> CONHR 2 or CON (R 2 ) 2, in which R 2 is chosen from alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, alkene groups or organosilyl, optionally perfluorinated and optionally substituted by one or more carboxyl, epoxy, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, halogen or sulfonic groups, and a and b, identical or different, are 0 or 1.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are useful are those described previously.
- the polymerization step is carried out with a composition containing a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
- the present invention also relates to the first generation polymers and the block polymers which can be obtained according to any one of the methods of the invention. These polymers have a controlled molecular weight.
- the block polymers comprise at least two polymer blocks chosen from the following associations:
- One of the blocks can also consist of a random copolymer obtained from a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
- Example 1 SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA (IB.
- the polymerization reactions are carried out in Schlenk type equipment.
- the mixture contained in the reactor is connected to a vacuum manifold, immersed in liquid nitrogen, then three freezing cycles - vacuum-return to room temperature - in order to degas the mixture.
- the reactor is then left under nitrogen at the appropriate temperature.
- Kinetic monitoring is carried out by taking samples of the reaction medium over time, under a stream of nitrogen.
- the conversion of the monomer is determined by gravimetry after evaporation of the residual monomer under vacuum.
- the (co) polymers are analyzed by steric exclusion chromatography (SEC) using THF as elution solvent; the molar masses are expressed in polystyrene equivalents (g. mol "1 ).
- Example 2.1 polystyrene prepared from P 4 S 10 0.015 g mixture (3,33x10 '° mol) of P 4 S 10, 5.5 mg (3,33x10 "° mol) of AIBN and 4.54 g (4,37x10" 2 mol) of styrene. After degassing, the reaction medium is brought to 60 ° C. The change in the number-average molar mass with the conversion of styrene is indicated in Table 1 below.
- Example 2.2 polystyrene prepared from 2,4-dithioxo-2,4- bis (methylthio) -1, 3,2,4- dithiadiphosphetane (IB3)
- Example 2.3 polystyrene prepared in the presence of 2,4-dithioxo-2,4- bis (benzylthio) -1, 3,2,4- dithiadiphosphetane (IB1) and benzoic acid
- Example 2.3 homopolystyrene prepared in the presence of 2,4-dithioxo-2,4- bis (phenylthio) -1, 3,2,4- dithiadiphosphetane (IB2) and benzoic acid
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/416,007 US6890980B2 (en) | 2000-11-06 | 2001-11-06 | Synthesis of block polymers obtained by controlled free radical polymerization |
| AU2002223763A AU2002223763A1 (en) | 2000-11-06 | 2001-11-06 | Synthesis of block polymers obtained by controlled free radical polymerisation |
| EP01992726A EP1337562A1 (fr) | 2000-11-06 | 2001-11-06 | Synthese de polymeres a blocs obtenus par polymerisation radicalaire controlee |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR00/14202 | 2000-11-06 | ||
| FR0014202A FR2816311B1 (fr) | 2000-11-06 | 2000-11-06 | Synthese de polymeres a blocs obtenus par polymerisation radicalaire controlee |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002036640A1 true WO2002036640A1 (fr) | 2002-05-10 |
Family
ID=8856104
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2001/003438 Ceased WO2002036640A1 (fr) | 2000-11-06 | 2001-11-06 | Synthese de polymeres a blocs obtenus par polymerisation radicalaire controlee |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6890980B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1337562A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2002223763A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2816311B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002036640A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2848556B1 (fr) | 2002-12-13 | 2006-06-16 | Bio Merieux | Procede de polymerisation radicalaire controlee |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1800327A1 (de) * | 1967-12-28 | 1969-07-10 | Elektrochem Werke Muenchen Ag | Verfahren zur Polymerisation olefinischer Verbindungen |
| WO1998001478A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-10 | 1998-01-15 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polymerisation presentant des caracteristiques vivantes |
| WO2000020465A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-08 | 2000-04-13 | The University Of Akron | Nouveaux agents de transfert de chaines |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0958298B2 (fr) * | 1997-08-21 | 2008-10-22 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Agents de couplage a base de mercaptosilanes bloques, utilises dans des caoutchoucs a charge |
-
2000
- 2000-11-06 FR FR0014202A patent/FR2816311B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-11-06 EP EP01992726A patent/EP1337562A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-11-06 WO PCT/FR2001/003438 patent/WO2002036640A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-11-06 AU AU2002223763A patent/AU2002223763A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-06 US US10/416,007 patent/US6890980B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1800327A1 (de) * | 1967-12-28 | 1969-07-10 | Elektrochem Werke Muenchen Ag | Verfahren zur Polymerisation olefinischer Verbindungen |
| WO1998001478A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-10 | 1998-01-15 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polymerisation presentant des caracteristiques vivantes |
| WO2000020465A1 (fr) * | 1998-10-08 | 2000-04-13 | The University Of Akron | Nouveaux agents de transfert de chaines |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2002223763A1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
| EP1337562A1 (fr) | 2003-08-27 |
| US6890980B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 |
| US20040030041A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
| FR2816311B1 (fr) | 2003-01-17 |
| FR2816311A1 (fr) | 2002-05-10 |
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