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WO2002011538A2 - Formulation de type flottant d'agents agricoles - Google Patents

Formulation de type flottant d'agents agricoles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002011538A2
WO2002011538A2 PCT/EP2001/007947 EP0107947W WO0211538A2 WO 2002011538 A2 WO2002011538 A2 WO 2002011538A2 EP 0107947 W EP0107947 W EP 0107947W WO 0211538 A2 WO0211538 A2 WO 0211538A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
agricultural
formulation
weight
agricultural agents
ester
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2001/007947
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002011538A3 (fr
Inventor
Yasuhiro Kamata
Haruki Innami
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer CropScience AG
Original Assignee
Aventis CropScience GmbH
Bayer CropScience AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aventis CropScience GmbH, Bayer CropScience AG filed Critical Aventis CropScience GmbH
Priority to KR10-2003-7001762A priority Critical patent/KR20030018070A/ko
Priority to AU2001270626A priority patent/AU2001270626A1/en
Publication of WO2002011538A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002011538A2/fr
Publication of WO2002011538A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002011538A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
    • A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/12—Powders or granules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to floating type formulation of agricultural agent, in more detail, so called “ jumbo formulation "characterized by applying active ingredient into a paddy field without any machine, by dropping agricultural agent itself, or agricultural agent being, prepared by packing beforehand in a water soluble bag.
  • a floating type formula can be characterized by reaching the active ingredients to the crop, after dispersing and dissolving the active ingredients into the surface water, and has the following excellent characters. Namely, a floating type formula can keep the active ingredients floating on the water surface far from the topsoil which has a bad character of strong absorption of the agricultural agents being applied. The active ingredients can disperse rapidly into the water, dissolve uniformly into the water by the convection of water as well as the gravity, and consequently remain uniformly on the surface of topsoil.
  • powder material shall be pressed in the presence of binder to form granules with kneading method, therefore, there is a risk of destroying the granule structure in case of use of large granules having large holes inside, and consequently loose the floating capacity.
  • heat caused during the drying process there are some practical risks, for example, decomposition of some active ingredients of agricultural agents, generating bad odor, and loosing function of a surfactant.
  • Japanese patent laid opening No. H11-315004 and H6-336403 and the Japanese patent publication No. H3-76281 , there have been disclosed some techniques for preparation of a floating formula from a porous substance by coating or by absorption.
  • H5-155709 there has been disclosed a floating formula being applicable on the water surface, combining anionic surfactant and inorganic or organic carriers, and average particle diameter less than 50 microns.
  • these publications there were cited some application examples of techniques by which the said technical defects above can be overcome. Namely, there is a possibility of less storage problem, less damage of manufacturing machine, and with relatively low cost.
  • granules of which average particle diameter is less than 100 microns have an advantage to reduce the carriers to remain on the water surface after releasing the active ingredients.
  • the surface squire per unit weight is very large by comparing with coarse granules, and consequently there is a tendency of forming cohesion of granules.
  • a formulated product being sprayed over the water surface of a paddy field stays on the same place for long time without expanding, and the release and uniform distribution of active ingredients are prevented. Consequently, the efficacy of agricultural agents becomes to be insufficient, while phytotoxicity and local residue are caused.
  • the present invention aims to supply the following formula. After spaying, the active ingredients can be released finely, and the carriers can sink in relatively short time, agricultural agents can be expanding over the water surface of a paddy field against the cohesive force among granules, therefore, the active ingredients can be released quickly into the water.
  • the present invention aims to supply the following water floating type formula. It can be manufactured in simple process and at less expensive cost by using a usual facility for agricultural agents, with outstanding effect after spraying, and with less effect on crop as well as on the environment, and the carriers can sink in relatively short time.
  • the present invention aims to supply agricultural agent formula which can be sprayed easily without any machine, by packing the said floating formula above with water soluble material such as polyvinyl alcohol film.
  • the present inventors observed the following characters of the agricultural agent formula containing an active ingredient, porous carriers of which average particle diameter is in the range of 10 to 100 microns, a surfactant, a binder, and a polymer of high water absorption.
  • the active ingredient can disperse rapidly and dissolved into the water by the stimulated extension of the enlarged distance among granules caused by swelling of a polymer of high water absorption with absorbing water.
  • the present invention relates to formulation of agricultural chemicals characterized by containing active ingredient(s), a porous carrier of which average particle diameter is in the range of 10 to 100 microns, a surfactant, a binder and a polymer of high water absorption.
  • the average particle diameter of a porous carrier to be used for the present invention is in the range of 10 to 100 microns.
  • the carriers are floating and remain on the water surface for long time period, and inhibit the growth of rice plants around which the carriers are driven together by wind blow, and there is a risk of running off from a paddy field being sprayed.
  • the porous carriers being floating and remaining on the water surface after spraying can sink into the water within a few hours by absorbing water gradually and loosing the floating capacity. Consequently, there is no undesirable effects on rice plants, and no risk of running off from a paddy field being applied.
  • a porous carrier of which average particle diameter is in the range of 10 to 100 microns it is available to prepare a formula with no undesirable effects on useful plants after being sprayed.
  • the present invention can enhance the dispersion capacity of a formula by combining at the same time a surfactant and a polymer of high water absorption to the formula, and prevent efficiently the stability reduction of formula by water being contained in the formula.
  • the combination ratio of the said substances above in the formula can be determined optionally in accordance with the kinds of porous carriers to be used, and deconstructing time period to be planned.
  • porous carriers for example, 5-70 w/w % of porous carriers, 0.5-20 w/w % of a surfactant, 0.1-15 w/w % of a polymer of high water absorption. More preferably, there can be cited, for example, 10-60 w/w % of porous carriers, 3 ⁇ 15 w/w % of a surfactant, and 0.5-10 w/w % of a polymer of high water absorption.
  • the following formula of agricultural agent can be supplied.
  • This formula has excellent characters such as enhanced storage stability, a model suitable for direct application into a paddy field without any machine, high efficacy, saving manpower, and less bad effect on a sprayer as well as on the environment.
  • active ingredient of agricultural agent there is no special limitation of active ingredient of agricultural agent to be used, therefore, there can be cited, for example, herbicides, insecticides or fungicides, such as Anilofos, Ethoxysulfuron, Benfuresate, Daimuron, Oxadiazon, Oxadiargyl, Benzofenap, Clomeprop, Biphenox, Prochloraz(e), Iprodion, Fossetyl, Fipronil, Ethiprole, Thiocarb, Endosulfan, NAC, Vamidothion and Silafluofen.
  • herbicides such as Anilofos, Ethoxysulfuron, Benfuresate, Daimuron, Oxadiazon, Oxadiargyl, Benzofenap, Clomeprop, Biphenox, Prochloraz(e), Iprodion, Fossetyl, Fipronil, Ethiprole, Thiocarb, Endosulfan, NAC
  • porous carrier to be used in the present invention there can be cited the following substances of which average particle diameter is in the range of 10 to 100 microns, for example, pumice stone, pumice stone- powder pulverized by burning, volcanic ash pulverized by burning, perlite powder pulverized by burning, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, foamed glass, organic or inorganic particle being treated as water proof, vegetable origin powder, and particle being made of used paper, etc.
  • the porous carriers to be used in the present invention are not limited to these products, and these products can be used as single component or as a mixture of more than two products. However, there can be cited preferably volcanic ash pulverized by burning, by the reason of the low density and consequently it is available to give floating capacity with small amount of addition.
  • fatty acid soap sulfate of oil, sulfate ester of a high alcohol and an olefin, alkyl sulfate ester, 1 alkyl sulfonate, alkylaryl sulfonate, sulfosuccinate ester, fatty amide sulfonate, lignosulfonate, alkylphosphate ester, alkyletherphosphate ester, alkylether, alkylphenyl ether, alkylphenyl ether- condensed ether, alkyl ester, alkylamine, alkylamide, polyoxypropyrene ether, vegetable oil ether, allyl phenyl ether, glycerin-fatty acid ester, sorbitane-fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitane-fatty acid ester, and polyether.
  • the surfactants to be used in the present invention are not limited to these substances, and these substances can be used as a single component or as a mixture of more than two substances.
  • the amount of addition can be in the range of 0.5-20 w/w %, and preferably 3-15 w/w %.
  • binder there can be cited, for example, carbohydrate, chlorinated paraffin, polybutene, alcohol, ester, animal or vegetable oil, silicone oil, and ether.
  • the binders to be used in the present invention are not limited to these substances, and these substances can be used as a single component or as a mixture of more than two substances.
  • the amount of addition can be in the range of 0.5-30 w/w %, and preferably 1-20 w/w %.
  • polyacrylate with bridging structure for example, polyacrylate with bridging structure, isobutylene/maleate, starch/polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/polyacrylate, hydrated product of acryl fiber, PVA with bridging structure, and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) with bridging structure.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • CMC carboxy methyl cellulose
  • starch/ polyacrylate because of easy bio-decomposition.
  • the amount of combination of polymers of high water absorption can be in the range of 0.1-15 w/w %, and preferably 5-10 w/w %.
  • a general inert carrier besides a porous carrier.
  • a carrier there can be cited, for example, a water soluble substance such as mineral fine powder, synthetic silica, natural or synthetic polymer powder, wooden powder, vegetable powder of weeds or trees, used paper, saccharide, salt, etc.
  • these substances can be used as a single component or as a mixture of more than two substances.
  • the amount of use of these substances can be in the range of 1-80 w/w %, and preferably 2-50 w/w %.
  • a stabilizer for physical characters, a die, a deodorant, a flavor, etc.
  • a conditioner for physical characters for physical characters
  • a die for physical characters
  • a deodorant for physical characters
  • a flavor etc.
  • it is preferable to coat the formula with water soluble material for example, polyvinyl alcohol film, chemically modified polyvinyl alcohol film, water soluble paper, starch film, and complex thereof.
  • polyvinyl alcohol film chemically modified polyvinyl alcohol film
  • water soluble paper for example, starch film, and complex thereof.
  • starch film for example, polyvinyl alcohol film, chemically modified polyvinyl alcohol film, water soluble paper, starch film, and complex thereof.
  • a floating formula was obtained by the same method as described in the application example 1.
  • a portion of 33 g of the formulated product can be packed in a PVA pack, and 100 packs can be sprayed per one hectare of paddy field.
  • Volcanic ash pulverized by burning (average particle diameter is 80 microns ) was added to the above mixture to make 100 w/w % as total.
  • a floating formula was obtained by the same method as described in the application example 1.
  • a portion of 33 g of the formulated product can be packed in a PVA pack, and 100 packs can be sprayed per one hectare of paddy field.
  • Application Example 4
  • a floating formula was obtained by the same method as described in the application example 1 , but using a planetary movement type mixer as a mixing apparatus. A portion of 33 g of the formulated product can be packed in a PVA pack, and 100 packs can be sprayed per one hectare of paddy field.
  • a floating formula for comparative formula 1 was obtained by the same method as described in the application example 1, but without adding partial sodium salt of starch-acrylic acid graft polymer.
  • a pack of PVA was broken after dropping, fine granules were expanded on the water surface, and the active ingredients were well expanded all over the water surface within 3 minutes after dropping. No granules have been observed to remain at the bottom of the water pipe. All carriers sank into the water and nothing remained on the water surface after 5 hours from dropping.
  • test example 2 Almost the same results as the test example 1 were obtained in the test example 2. Namely, a pack of PVA was broken after dropping, fine granules were expanded on the water surface, and the active ingredients were well expanded all over the water surface within 3 minutes after dropping. Almost no granules have been observed to remain at the bottom of the water pipe. All carriers sank into the water and nothing remained on the water surface after 5 hours from dropping.
  • test example 3 Almost the same results as the test example 1 were obtained in the test example 3. Namely, a bag of PVA was broken after application, fine granules were expanded on the water surface, and the active ingredients were well expanded all over the water surface within 3 minutes after dropping. No granules have been observed to remain at the bottom of the water pipe. All carriers sank into the water and nothing remained on the water surface after 5 hours from dropping.
  • test example 4 Almost the same results as the test example 1 were obtained in the test example 4. Namely, a pack of PVA was broken after dropping, fine granules were expanded on the water surface, and the active ingredients were well expanded all over the water surface within 3 minutes after dropping. No granules have been observed, to remain at the bottom of the water pipe. All carriers sank into the water and nothing remained on the water surface after 5 hours from dropping.
  • the formulated product obtained in the comparative example 1 was tested in the same way as described in the test example 1. Results of analysis and observation are shown in the Table 5.
  • the formulated product of the comparative example 1 in which a polymer of high water absorption was omitted, showed worse results that solid substances remained on the water surface, and that the dispersion of active ingredients was poor. Namely, a pack of PVA was broken after dropping, and the granules were expanded somewhat on the water surface, but some solid substances remained during ail the time of experiment. In addition, almost no granules sank to the bottom of water pipe.
  • the pack of PVA was broken after dropping, and fine granules were well expanded all over the water surface within 3 minutes after dropping. Almost no granules have been observed to remain at the bottom of the water pipe, however, some carrier residue remained on the water surface during all the time of experiment.
  • the formulated product of the preparative example 2 in which the average particle diameter of volcanic ash pulverized by burning was 600 microns instead of 80 microns in the application example 1 , showed fine extension of the formula on the water surface as well as fine dispersion of active ingredients in the water, however, the carrier residue remained even after 24 hours.
  • floating type formulas of agricultural agents prepared by the present invention can well release and disperse the active ingredients into a paddy field, give uniform effects, and cause no undesirable effects on crops.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des formules d'agents agricoles sans effets indésirables sur les récoltes et qui présentent un faible risque d'écoulement hors des rizières, grâce à l'excellente dispersion des ingrédients actifs de ces agents agricoles et à une descente rapide des supports dans l'eau après dispersion ; le coût de préparation de ces formules est raisonnablement faible. La formulation de ces agents agricoles est caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient des ingrédients actifs d'agent agricole, un support poreux présentant un diamètre moyen de particules compris entre 10 et 100 microns, un tensioactif, un liant et un polymère à absorptivité élevée d'eau.
PCT/EP2001/007947 2000-08-08 2001-07-10 Formulation de type flottant d'agents agricoles Ceased WO2002011538A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2003-7001762A KR20030018070A (ko) 2000-08-08 2001-07-10 농약의 부유형 제제
AU2001270626A AU2001270626A1 (en) 2000-08-08 2001-07-10 Floating type formulation of agricultural agents

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000239324A JP2002053405A (ja) 2000-08-08 2000-08-08 水面浮上性農薬製剤
JP2000-239324 2000-08-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002011538A2 true WO2002011538A2 (fr) 2002-02-14
WO2002011538A3 WO2002011538A3 (fr) 2002-06-13

Family

ID=18730881

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2001/007947 Ceased WO2002011538A2 (fr) 2000-08-08 2001-07-10 Formulation de type flottant d'agents agricoles

Country Status (6)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2002053405A (fr)
KR (1) KR20030018070A (fr)
CN (1) CN1292654C (fr)
AU (1) AU2001270626A1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI230582B (fr)
WO (1) WO2002011538A2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2004242523B2 (en) * 2003-12-24 2009-11-19 Sst Australia Pty Ltd Adjuvant composition for use with a pesticide and a process for preparation thereof
FR2965148A1 (fr) * 2011-04-28 2012-03-30 Rhodia Operations Dispersion en milieu apolaire contenant des polymeres semi-cristallins a chaines laterales
EP2442643A4 (fr) * 2009-06-17 2014-08-06 Isp Investments Inc Procédé de préparation de substances actives biocides stables, microencapsulées et à libération lente et composition apparentée
MD4559B1 (ro) * 2006-03-24 2018-04-30 Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd Compoziţie erbicidă pe bază de sulfoniluree şi procedeu de combatere a plantelor nedorite cu utilizarea acesteia
CN108244133A (zh) * 2018-03-12 2018-07-06 佛山市盈辉作物科学有限公司 一种莎稗磷漂浮粒剂及其制备方法
WO2021130663A1 (fr) * 2019-12-26 2021-07-01 Upl Limited Polymère superabsorbant et pesticide

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JP2002128605A (ja) * 2000-08-14 2002-05-09 Hokko Chem Ind Co Ltd 水面施用農薬製剤およびその製法
JP2002128602A (ja) * 2000-10-25 2002-05-09 Kumiai Chem Ind Co Ltd 水田用農薬組成物
JP5674252B2 (ja) * 2001-02-08 2015-02-25 クミアイ化学工業株式会社 固体農薬組成物、その製造方法およびその散布方法
JP2004189679A (ja) * 2002-12-12 2004-07-08 Bayer Cropscience Kk 水田用除草剤組成物
JP2008074836A (ja) * 2006-08-24 2008-04-03 Nissan Chem Ind Ltd 農業用水面施用粒状組成物
CN102217593B (zh) * 2011-04-26 2012-07-04 湖南大方农化有限公司 用于漂浮性农化制剂活性成份的载体物质及漂浮性农化制剂
CN103478139A (zh) * 2013-09-28 2014-01-01 安徽丰乐农化有限责任公司 一种除草水面漂浮颗粒剂
CN108366553A (zh) * 2015-12-17 2018-08-03 瑞环控股株式会社 藻类抑制剂、该藻类抑制剂的制造方法和藻类的抑制方法
JP7133340B2 (ja) * 2017-04-14 2022-09-08 三井化学アグロ株式会社 水面施用農薬組成物

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JPH05155703A (ja) * 1991-12-06 1993-06-22 Nippon Bayeragrochem Kk 水面走行性製剤
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2004242523B2 (en) * 2003-12-24 2009-11-19 Sst Australia Pty Ltd Adjuvant composition for use with a pesticide and a process for preparation thereof
MD4559B1 (ro) * 2006-03-24 2018-04-30 Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd Compoziţie erbicidă pe bază de sulfoniluree şi procedeu de combatere a plantelor nedorite cu utilizarea acesteia
EP2442643A4 (fr) * 2009-06-17 2014-08-06 Isp Investments Inc Procédé de préparation de substances actives biocides stables, microencapsulées et à libération lente et composition apparentée
FR2965148A1 (fr) * 2011-04-28 2012-03-30 Rhodia Operations Dispersion en milieu apolaire contenant des polymeres semi-cristallins a chaines laterales
CN108244133A (zh) * 2018-03-12 2018-07-06 佛山市盈辉作物科学有限公司 一种莎稗磷漂浮粒剂及其制备方法
WO2021130663A1 (fr) * 2019-12-26 2021-07-01 Upl Limited Polymère superabsorbant et pesticide
CN114845550A (zh) * 2019-12-26 2022-08-02 Upl有限公司 高吸水性聚合物和农药

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001270626A1 (en) 2002-02-18
KR20030018070A (ko) 2003-03-04
TWI230582B (en) 2005-04-11
WO2002011538A3 (fr) 2002-06-13
CN1292654C (zh) 2007-01-03
JP2002053405A (ja) 2002-02-19
CN1446047A (zh) 2003-10-01

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