WO2002088607A1 - Ammonia absorption type water chilling/heating device - Google Patents

Abstract

An ammonia absorption type water chilling/heating device comprising a generator (22) for generating high pressure ammonia gas (21) from an aqueous ammonia solution (11) by a heat source, a rectifier (28) for gas-liquid separation to provide the ammonia gas (21) and a dilute ammonia solution (9), a condenser (23) for condensing the ammonia gas (21) after separation, an evaporator (24) utilizing the cooling action produced when an ammonia solution (94) after condensation is vaporized, and an absorber (25) for causing the aqueous ammonia solution to absorb the ammonia gas (21) after vaporization, these parts being successively arranged from top so that the dilute ammonia solution (9) may move by gravity. Such arrangement allows omission of a rectifying tower and connection piping, and reduces the size of the evaporator and absorber, thus making it possible to further reduce the size of the entire device and to cope with a variety of heat sources.

Description

 Technical description Ammonia absorption type cold / hot water system Technical field

 The present invention provides various types of exhaust heat such as exhaust heat of a gas turbine, exhaust heat of a reciprocating heat engine, exhaust heat of a fuel cell, exhaust heat of photovoltaic power generation, excess steam of a poiler, geothermal heat, high-temperature rock mass, and the like. It relates to an ammonia absorption type chiller / heater using the above method, etc., and is mainly applied to small-scale units with a refrigerating capacity of several 100 kW or less. Background art

 Conventionally, the ammonia gas generation and rectification unit in the steam-cooked ammonia absorption type cold / hot water system is configured as shown in FIG. In FIG. 9, a concentrated ammonia aqueous solution 11 is supplied from a concentrated ammonia aqueous solution supply port 20 at one end into a flooded generator 10 by a pump (not shown). By disposing several heat exchangers 12 and supplying a heat source such as steam and hot water from a heat source supply port 13, ammonia gas 21 vaporized from an aqueous ammonia solution 11 is generated. The ammonia gas 21 and a small amount of water vapor generated at the same time rise from the center of the generator 10 to the rectification column 16 provided upward.

 Inside the rectification column 16, a plurality of stages with perforated or spiral shelves 17 having holes at the center are provided, so that the ammonia gas 21 and the water that have risen here are separated by gravity and density difference. The separated and rectified ammonia gas 21 is sent to a condenser (not shown) via an ammonia gas outlet 39. The ammonia-diluted solution containing a small amount of ammonia liquefied on the shelf 17 flows down to the sump 18 and is sent from the drain pipe 19 to the ammonia-diluted solution outlet 15 to become the ammonia-diluted solution. Etc. The conventional ammonia absorption type cold / hot water system using the above-described ammonia gas generation and rectification device had the following problems.

(1) A rectification tower 16 is placed at the outlet of the generator 10, and the gravity and density difference when the ammonia gas 21 rising by heating simply passes through the shelf 17 inside the rectification tower 16. Since the gas-liquid separation was performed using only the gas, the heights of the generator 10 and the rectification tower 16 increased.

 (2) The temperature range of the heat source supplied to the generator 10 was severely limited, and if it deviated from the design point, the performance would be greatly reduced, making it difficult to utilize a wide variety of waste heat. As a result, a wide and quick response to the supplied heat flow and temperature fluctuations could not be achieved.

 (3) The liquid-filled generator 10 had a large capacity, so the amount of retained liquid was large, and the response time to start-up time and heat load fluctuation was long.

 (4) In a conventional absorption chiller / heater, pressure vessels such as absorbers, evaporators, and condensers are placed horizontally, and the vessels are connected in a complicated manner by piping and valves. There were problems that the whole device became large, there were few common parts between each vessel, fluid loss of pipes and valves occurred, and pipes were exposed outside the main body.

 (5) The ammonia dilute solution from the ammonia dilute solution outlet 15 passes through a liquid preheater (not shown), is supplied to the absorber through a pressure reducing valve, and the ammonia liquid entering the condenser is discharged from the evaporator outlet. The absorber was supercooled by the cold heat of ammonia gas, but the absorber had a large heat load and was large.

 (6) The ammonia-dilute solution absorbs ammonia gas on the surface of the droplet while falling in the form of a shower after decompression from the top of the absorber, but because the droplet size is large and the surface area of gas absorption is small, The absorber was large.

 The first object of the present invention is to reduce the size of the entire apparatus by omitting the rectification tower-connection piping and downsizing the generator and absorber, etc., and to use an ammonia absorption type cooling and heating system capable of responding to various heat sources. It is to provide a water device.

A second object of the present invention is to supply a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant (aqueous ammonia solution) to the inner wall surface of the heat transfer tube by the heat transfer tube and vaporize only the low-boiling-point fluid (ammonia) to form a central portion of the heat transfer tube. High-boiling point liquid (water) is centrifugally and surface-tensioned along the inner wall of the tube to cope with various temperature ranges and flow ranges of the heat source fluid. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device which can respond to a change in cooling load with time. A third object of the present invention is to surely separate the ammonia dilute solution and the ammonia gas, and the ammonia dilute solution after the separation is concentrated ammonia aqueous solution which passes through the inside of the solution pipe when the heat passes through the liquid preheater. It is to provide a device that can effectively exchange heat to the evaporator and send it to the evaporator cooler.

 A fourth object of the present invention is to reduce the size of the absorber by dropping excess ammonia aqueous solution into the absorber even when the evaporator does not work sufficiently. An object of the present invention is to provide a device capable of reducing the size of an absorber by heat exchange of a dilute solution.

 A fifth object of the present invention is to enhance the cooling effect by spraying a diluted ammonia solution heat-exchanged in a heat exchanger of an evaporator onto a cooling pipe of an absorber and exchanging heat with cooling water passing through the cooling pipe. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device capable of promoting the absorption of monmonium gas.

 A sixth object of the present invention is to reduce the particle size as much as possible by spraying a dilute ammonia solution with a sprinkler at a high pressure without depressurization, and to violate the ammonia gas and the ammonia solution. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device capable of mixing and absorbing with stirring and sending the mixed solution to an absorber.

 A seventh object of the present invention is to circulate without using a device such as a pump by sucking up and spraying an aqueous ammonia solution in an absorber using a negative pressure when spraying a diluted ammonia solution with a sprinkler. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for exercising.

 An eighth object of the present invention is to provide a device capable of improving the safety against breakage of the solution tube and liquid leakage by passing the highest pressure solution tube for pumping the concentrated aqueous ammonia solution through the center of the main body. It is to provide.

 Other objects and effects of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the best mode with reference to the specification and the drawings. Disclosure of the invention

The present invention provides a generator 22 for generating a high-pressure ammonia gas 21 from an aqueous ammonia solution 11 by a heat source, a rectifier 28 for gas-liquid separation of the ammonia gas 21 and an ammonia dilute solution 9, Utilizes condenser 23 for condensing high-pressure ammonia gas 21 after separation and cooling effect when decompressing and vaporizing high-pressure ammonia liquid 94 after condensation The evaporator 24 and the evaporator 24 and the absorber 25 for absorbing the vaporized ammonia gas 21 in the ammonia dilute solution 9 are sequentially arranged from the top, and inside these, the absorber 25 and the generator 22 This is an ammonia absorption type cold / hot water apparatus characterized by comprising a solution pipe 30 for pumping an aqueous ammonia solution 11 into the water.

 Further, the present invention provides a generator outer cylinder constituting a generator, a rectifier outer cylinder constituting a rectifier, a condenser outer cylinder constituting a condenser, and an evaporator outer cylinder constituting an evaporator. The cylinder and the outer cylinder for the absorber constituting the absorber are sequentially stacked in a vertically stacked structure and fixedly fixed, and a solution pipe for pressure-feeding the ammonia aqueous solution from the absorber to the generator is arranged at the center of these. By placing the upper lid 41 on the generator outer cylinder, the connection piping connecting the five processes can be omitted, and the entire apparatus can be downsized. In addition, the number of common parts increases, and mass-production can be provided at low cost. Furthermore, thermal insulation work on piping and valves is not required, and fluid loss can be reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

 FIG. 1 is an overall explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of an ammonia absorption type cold / hot water apparatus according to the present invention.

 FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a specific example of the generator 22 and the rectifier 28 in FIG.

 FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a specific example of the rectifier 28 and the condenser 23 in FIG.

 FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a specific example of the evaporator 24 and the subcooler 95 in FIG.

 FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a specific example of the absorber 25 and the liquid reservoir 29 in FIG.

 FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of the heat transfer tube 27 in FIG.

 FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example of the generator 22 according to the present invention.

 FIG. 8 shows an example of the diffusion nozzle 44 in FIG. 7, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a cross-sectional view.

Fig. 9 shows the ammonia gas generation and _

 FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a rectifier.

 FIG. 10 is an overall explanatory diagram showing a second embodiment of the ammonia absorption type cold / hot water apparatus according to the present invention.

 FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part showing a specific example of the generator 22 in FIG.

 FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of the heat transfer tube 27 in FIG. FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part showing a specific example of the rectifier 28 and the condenser 23 in FIG.

 FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a specific example of the cooling pipe 32, the freezing pipe 34, and the cooling pipe 37 in FIG.

 FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part showing another specific example of the generator 22 in FIG.

 FIG. 16 is a plan view of the heat transfer tube 27 in FIG.

 FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus for circulating the aqueous ammonia solution in the absorber 25 in FIG. 10 by utilizing the negative pressure of the sprinkler 136. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

 In Fig. 1, generator 22, rectifier 28, condenser 23, evaporator 24, absorber 25, and liquid reservoir 29 all have a cylindrical shape with the same diameter. These are arranged in a vertical stack structure from the top so that 1 functions as an ammonia absorption chiller / heater while falling naturally by gravity.

That is, a liquid reservoir 29 provided with a pump 38 is installed at the lowermost end, and a solution pipe 30 for pumping a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution 11 connected to the discharge side of the pump 38 is connected to the uppermost floor. Start up to generator 2 at a stretch. In this generator 22, the heat source stream 26 and the heat transfer tube 27 are interposed and connected to the rectifier 28, and in the condenser 23, the ammonia dilute solution 9 is guided to the liquid preheater 31, The gas 21 comes into contact with the cooling pipe 32 and becomes a high-concentration ammonia liquid 94. This ammonia liquid 94 is sprayed into the evaporator 24 via the expansion valve 33. The pump 38 is installed inside the sump 29. b or may be installed outside.

 In the evaporator 24, the dilute solution containing a small amount of ammonia is sent to the sprinkler 36 via the liquid preheater 31 and sprayed at high pressure.

 The ammonia gas 21 expanded and vaporized by the expansion valve 33 cools the brine inside the refrigeration pipe 34 of the evaporator 24, then rises again to cool the supercooler 95, and cools the condenser. The ammonia liquid 94 of 23 is cooled to a boiling point or lower, and the ammonia gas 21 is mixed and absorbed in the sprayed ammonia dilute solution 9. In the absorber 25, the solution pipe 30 acts as an absorption heat recovery device 96, and further, touches the cooling pipe 37 to release the absorption heat and is returned to the liquid pool 29 again.

 A more specific configuration of the generator 22 will be described with reference to FIG.

 An upper lid 41 is placed on the upper end of the cylindrical generator outer cylinder 40 constituting the generator 22, and the generator outer cylinder 40 is fixed to the generator outer cylinder 40 with screws or the like with a flange 48. At the lower end of the generator outer cylinder 40, a condenser outer cylinder 67 of the condenser 23 is fixed to each other with a flange 48 between the partition plate 49 and the bottom plate 51 by screws or the like. .

 A heat source supply pipe 42 is provided at a central portion of the upper lid 41, and an upper end thereof is a heat source supply port 13.A discharge port 14 is provided on a side of the upper lid 41. ing.

 Inside the generator outer cylinder 40, a cylindrical inner cylinder 43 is housed with a heat insulating material 72 interposed except for an upper gap, and a large number of tubes are contained in the inner cylinder 43. The heat transfer tubes 27 are supported by the top plate and the bottom plate of the inner cylinder 43 and are provided vertically with a gap therebetween. The inner cylinder 4 3 is divided into several pieces by radially arranged perforated support plates 46, and a small number of thin heat transfer tubes 27 are housed in each section by several hundred pieces, and a total of 100 More than one book is installed. However, the diameter of the heat transfer tube 27 is made larger than the diameter of the inner cylinder 43 and the number of the tubes is smaller in the drawing.

The upper end of the heat transfer tube 27 protrudes from the upper part of the top plate of the inner cylinder 43, and a diffusion nozzle 44 as shown in FIG. 6 is attached to each of the protruding ends. A cover 54 is provided to form the liquid reservoir 55. Further, the lower end of the heat transfer tube 27 is opened on the lower surface of the bottom plate of the inner cylinder 43. The diffusion nozzle 44 is also referred to as a slurryer. By forming a dip or a dulling process on the inner wall of the heat transfer tube 27, the diffusion nozzle 44 causes ammonia to flow into the heat transfer tube 27. The aqueous solution 11 is sprayed, and the liquid is stably attached to the wall surface.

 A heat source is supplied from the lower end of the heat source supply tube 42 into the inner tube 43 containing the heat transfer tube 27, and passes through a gap between the plurality of heat transfer tubes 27 and a number of holes of the perforated support plate 46. The discharge port 14 communicates with the discharge port 14 through a gap between the upper discharge port 47 of the inner cylinder 43 and the outer cylinder 40 for the generator.

 An ejection portion 56 is formed at the center of the partition plate 49, and a solution tube 30 from below is fixedly connected to the ejection portion 56. The ejection portion 56 is connected to the heat source supply tube 42 from the communication hole 57. It is communicated with the liquid reservoir 55 through a plurality of liquid delivery pipes 53 provided therearound. A plurality of diffusion nozzles 52 are provided along the periphery of the partition plate 49, and a rectifier formed by the partition plate 49, the bottom plate 51, and the outer cylindrical portion of the bottom plate 51. A swirling flow is generated on 28. A plurality of gas passage cylinders 50 are provided upright in the bottom plate 51 of the rectifier 28 so as to penetrate vertically, and the bottom plate 51 is provided with a liquid drop port around the outer periphery of the solution pipe 30. It communicates with 5-8.

 The details of the condenser 23 will be described with reference to FIG.

 As described above, the outer cylinder 67 for the condenser of the condenser 23 has the outer cylinder portion for the generator 40 and the outer cylinder portion of the rectifier 28 fixed at the upper end by the flange 48, and the evaporator at the lower end. The partitioning plate 61 of the evaporator outer cylinder 70 and the supercooler 95 of 24 is fixed by a flange 48 while sandwiching the outer cylinder of the partition plate 61.

 At the center of the outer cylinder 67 for the condenser, the solution pipe 30 is provided vertically, and a number of fins 59 are radially provided on the outer circumference and the inner circumference of the solution pipe 30 in the vertical direction. . A liquid preheater 31 is provided so as to surround the outer periphery of the fin 59, and a heat insulating material is formed on the inner wall of the liquid preheater 31 so that a slight gap is formed between the fin 59 and the fin 59. 60 are provided.

Inside the condenser outer cylinder 67, a plurality of spirally-turned cooling pipes 32 are arranged with a gap therebetween by a cooling pipe support frame 66, and cooling water is passed through a cooling water port 63. It is connected to Exit 65. _Q

 A plurality of expansion valves 33 are attached to the partition plate 61 at the lower end of the outer cylinder 67 for the condenser toward the evaporator 24 along the outer periphery. Inside, a number of subcoolers 95 are provided through the partition plate 61 so as to protrude from both the lower part of the condenser 23 and the upper part of the evaporator 24.

 At the junction between the liquid preheater 31 and the partition plate 61, the pressure above the condenser 23 is high (for example, 15 to 16 atmospheres) and the pressure below the evaporator 24 is low (for example, 3 to 16). (5 atm), so it can be mounted with a high-pressure sealing material 62 interposed.

 The details of the evaporator 24 will be described with reference to FIG.

 As described above, the outer cylinder 70 for the evaporator of the evaporator 24 is fixed to the outer cylinder 67 for the condenser and the flange 48 at the upper end, and the outer cylinder 76 for the absorber of the absorber 25 at the lower end. The partition plate 71 is fixed by a flange 48 while sandwiching it.

 At the center of the outer cylinder 70 for the evaporator, the solution pipe 30 and a heat exchanger 3

5 is provided vertically from the condenser 23 continuously. Further, the partition plate 7

In the central part of 1, a partition tube 97 is integrally raised with a sufficient gap between the heat exchanger 35 and the heat exchanger 35. At the lower end of the heat exchanger 35 in the evaporator 24, a sprinkler 36 is provided. The sprinkler 36 injects the ammonia dilute solution 9 stored in the heat exchanger 35 at high pressure downward. It is arranged so that. A nozzle valve adjusting rod 69 for adjusting the injection amount of the sprinkler 36 projects outside the outer cylinder 70 for the evaporator.

 Further, on the inner wall of the heat exchanger 35, an electric liquid level gauge 68 for detecting the liquid level of the ammonia dilute solution 9 collected between the heat exchanger 35 and the solution pipe 30 is provided. The liquid level is displayed on the outside.

 Between the outer cylinder 70 for the evaporator and the partition cylinder 97, there is a helically swirling refrigeration pipe 3.

4 are arranged in a plurality of stages with a gap between each other by a refrigeration tube support frame 6 6. Both ends of the refrigeration tube 3 4 are connected to a bra import 7 7, and a connection tube 6 4 on the outlet side directs the brine to the load The connection pipe 64 on the inlet side is connected to return the brine heated by the load.

Since the ammonia liquid 94 accumulates on the partition plate 71, the ammonia liquid 94 is discharged to the vicinity of the sprinkler 36 through the discharge hole 109. _g .

 The details of the absorber 25 and the reservoir 29 will be described with reference to FIG.

 As described above, the absorber outer cylinder 76 of the absorber 25 is fixed at the upper end by the evaporator outer cylinder 70 and the flange 48, and at the lower end thereof, the liquid pool outer cylinder 8 2 of the liquid reservoir 29. And flange 48.

 At the center of the outer cylinder 70 for the evaporator, the solution tube 30 is provided vertically continuously from the evaporator 24, and a vertical fin is radially provided on the outer periphery of the solution tube 30. An attached heat recovery unit 96 is provided.

 Inside the outer cylinder 76 for the absorber, a plurality of spirally-turned cooling tubes 37 are arranged with a gap therebetween by a cooling-tube support frame 66, and both ends of the cooling tubes 37 are cooled. The outlet side is connected to the cooling pipe 32 of the condenser 23, and the inlet side is connected to the cooling water inlet 75.

 In the liquid reservoir 29, a liquid reservoir outer cylinder 82 is fixed to an absorber outer cylinder 76 of the absorber 25 with a flange 48, and a pump 3 8 The solution tube 30 is connected to the pump 38 with the filter 78. Further, a drain pipe 81 is connected to the outside via a valve (not shown) at the bottom 83.

 The pump 38 is connected to a motor 80 mounted on an external mounting base 93 via a shaft 79.

 A liquid level gauge 74 is vertically provided outside from the evaporator 24 to the liquid pool 29, and the liquid level gauge 74 is provided inside the outer cylinder 8 2 for the liquid pool by communicating holes 7 3 at both upper and lower ends thereof. Is in communication with

 Next, the operation of the first embodiment according to the present invention will be described.

 In FIG. 5, a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution 11 of about 25 to 50% is supplied into an outer cylinder 82 of the liquid pool 29 of the liquid pool 29.

 The supplied aqueous ammonia solution 11 is sucked by a pump 38 and pumped to a solution pipe 30. At this time, dust and the like are removed through the filter 78.

In FIG. 2, the pumped ammonia aqueous solution 11 is sent at the upper end of the solution pipe 30 to the ejection section 56 of the generator 22, and further through the communication hole 57 to the liquid delivery pipe 53. ^ Sent to the sump chamber 5 5. Then, the heat is supplied to the heat transfer tube 27 via the diffusion nozzle 44.

 Inside the generator 22, the heat source supplied from the heat source supply port 13 obtains the heat source supply pipe 42 and is supplied to the inner cylinder 43 having the heat transfer pipe 27, where heat is exchanged and the discharge port is provided. Emitted from 14

 Therefore, the aqueous ammonia solution 11 sent from the liquid storage chamber 55 to the heat transfer tube 27 through the diffusion nozzle 44 is atomized by the diffusion nozzle 44, and the droplets are centrifugally moved to the heat transfer tube 27. It hits the inner wall, is caught by the wick on the inner wall surface with surface tension, and falls from the lower end as liquid. The high-concentration ammonia gas 21 that does not adhere to the inner wall surface is sent out as it is from the lower end as an annular spray flow 45.

 More specifically, a non-azeotropic mixed coolant (aqueous ammonia solution) is supplied to the inner wall of the heat transfer tube 27 through the diffusion nozzle 44 and the heat transfer tube 27 that generates swirling flow, and only the low boiling point fluid (ammonia) is supplied. It is vaporized and advected in the center of the heat transfer tube 27, and the high boiling liquid (water) is advected along the inner wall of the tube by centrifugal force and surface tension.

 By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to respond to various temperature ranges and flow ranges of the heat source fluid, respond to severe time fluctuations of the heat source load, and respond to time fluctuations of the cooling load. .

 A mixture of a high-concentration (for example, 99.8%) high-pressure ammonia gas 21 and a high-concentration (for example, 99.8%) high-pressure ammonia gas 21 discharged from the heat transfer tube 27 of the generator 22 It is sent to the rectifier 28 from the diffusion nozzle 52 of the plate 49. The ammonia-diluted solution 9 flows through the bottom plate 51 and drops to the liquid drop port 58, only the high-pressure ammonia gas 21 is separated, and the gas passing tube is generated while generating a swirling flow by the centrifugal force of the diffusion nozzle 52. Passed through 50 to condenser 23.

 In FIG. 3, the ammonia dilute solution 9 that has fallen into the liquid drop port 58 passes through the liquid preheater 31 when its heat passes through the solution pipe 30 into the aqueous ammonia solution 11 9 In the evaporator 24, the heat is transferred to the heat exchanger 35.

The high-pressure ammonia gas 21 that has passed through the gas passage cylinder 50 exchanges heat with the cooling water flowing through the cooling pipe 32 when passing through the cooling pipe 32 of the condenser 23, and is condensed to form a concentrated ammonia liquid. It becomes 9 4 and is sent to the expansion valve 33. In FIG. 4, the ammonia gas 21 in which the concentrated ammonia liquid 94 is expanded and vaporized by the expansion valve 33 cools the refrigerating pipe 34 of the evaporator 24 when it is vaporized. Again, the supercooler 95 is cooled to cool the concentrated ammonia liquid 94 of the condenser 23 below the boiling point, and then descends along the heat exchanger 35. At this time, the brine in the refrigeration tube 34 is cooled, and cold heat is sent to the load.

 The ammonia dilute solution 9 sent from the liquid preheater 31 is stored in the heat exchanger 35, where the heat is exchanged by the ammonia gas 21 descending along the heat exchanger 35. . After cooling, the ammonia diluted solution 9 is sprayed at a high pressure from the sprinkler 36 and mixes and absorbs the descending ammonia gas 21 and the ammonia solution 94 discharged from the discharge port 109 while vigorously stirring. Sent to absorber 25.

 In FIG. 5, the ammonia-diluted solution 9 that has been heat-exchanged in the heat exchanger 35 of the evaporator 24 in the preceding stage is sent to the cooling pipe 37 of the absorber 25. At this time, the absorption heat recovery 9 6 exchanges heat with the aqueous ammonia solution 11 in the solution pipe 30, and further exchanges heat with the cooling water passing through the cooling pipe 37 to enhance the cooling effect to form a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution 1 1, and the liquid pool 2 Drop and store in the outer cylinder 82 of the liquid reservoir of No.9. Then, it is pumped again by the pump 38.

 In the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust heat supplied from the heat source supply port 13 is used. Thus, a combustion burner 84 for reheating may be provided to face the heat transfer tube 27 in the generator 22 to heat the exhaust heat from the heat source supply port 13. When exhaust heat cannot be obtained, only the combustion burner 84 may be used as a heat source. At the inlet side of the heat transfer tube 27, for example, by attaching a diffusion nozzle 44 as shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b), a swirl flow is given by the guide blades 91, and gas and liquid are supplied. They are separated.

 In FIG. 7, 85 is a partition plate, 86 is a bottom portion, and 87 is an exhaust fan. Alternatively, a hot water supply heat exchanger 88 may be provided so as to face the heat source supply port 13, and the water from the water supply pipe 90 may be heated by the hot water supply heat exchanger 88 and taken out from the hot water outlet 89.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 10, the generator 22, the rectifier 28, the condenser 23, the evaporator 24, the absorber 25, and the liquid reservoir 29 all have a cylindrical shape with the same diameter, and an aqueous ammonia solution. This is substantially the same as the first embodiment in that they are sequentially arranged in a vertical stack structure from the top so that 11 functions as an ammonia-absorbing cold / hot water device while falling naturally by gravity.

 The general differences between the second embodiment and the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 10, and then, the detailed differences will be described with reference to the drawings of FIG. 11 and subsequent figures. The description of the same structural parts as in FIG. 1 is omitted.

 In FIG. 10, a spiral corrugated tube having a spiral groove on the inner wall surface is used for the vertical heat transfer tube 27 and the central solution tube 30 of the generator 22. In addition, the heat source supply port 13 and the discharge port 14 of the generator 22 are provided at the lower and upper sides of the generator outer cylinder 40.

 The rectifier 28 is composed of a cylindrical perforated plate 100 vertically penetrating the center and a wire mesh 101 spirally arranged around the perforated plate 100.

 The condenser 23, the evaporator 24, and the absorber 25 differ from the first embodiment in the piping configuration as described later. Further, the cooling water ports 63 are configured in a horizontal shape and arranged so as to be laminated between the respective parts.

 The supercooler 95 has a helical tube structure different from that of the first embodiment, and is arranged so that the cooling water port 63 is horizontal and stacked between upper and lower pipes. In addition, a switching valve 104 is installed at the cooling water outlet 65 of the cooling water port 63 of the subcooler 95, and the cooling water outlet temperature (A) of the absorber 25 is changed to the cooling water of the supercooler 95. When it is higher than the outlet temperature (B), it is connected to the cooling water inlet 75 of the condenser 23, and the cooling water outlet temperature (A) of the absorber 25 is the cooling water outlet temperature of the subcooler 95 ( B) In the following cases, switch to connect to the cooling water outlet 65 side of the condenser 23. As a result of this change, even if the temperature of the cooling water supplied from the cooling tower 103 fluctuates greatly, it is possible to respond quickly to fluctuations without lowering the refrigeration capacity, such as seasonal fluctuations and weather changes. This can reduce the performance degradation.

In the second embodiment, the absorption heat recovery unit 96 of the absorber 25 and the heat exchanger 35 of the evaporator 24 in the first embodiment are deleted. A more specific configuration of the generator 22 will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12. A solution tube 30 at the center of a generator outer cylinder 40 is covered with a protection tube 98. A branch 99 is connected to the upper end of 8, the upper end of the solution tube 30 is opened inside the protective tube 98, and a plurality of liquid delivery tubes 53 are radially connected to the branch 99. The liquid delivery pipes 53 face the liquid storage chambers 55, respectively. A plurality of vertical heat transfer tubes 27 are connected to the liquid storage chamber 55. As shown in FIG. 12, the heat transfer tube 27 is composed of a spiral corrugated tube having a spiral groove formed on an inner wall surface and a diffusion nozzle 44 at an upper end. The solution tube 30 is also a spiral corrugated tube having a spiral groove formed on the inner wall surface. The heat source supply port 13 is connected to the lower part of the side wall of the generator outer cylinder 40, and the discharge port 14 is connected to the upper part.

 In FIG. 13, the rectifier 28 has a cylindrical body formed by an inner cylinder made of a perforated plate 100, an outer cylinder of a solid board, a top plate, and a bottom plate. Inside, a gas netting cylinder 50 is formed by arranging a spirally wound wire mesh 101 to separate water vapor from ammonia gas 21 in the center of a perforated plate 100. The upper and lower opening portions of the liquid drop openings 58 serve as gas passages 102 from the small holes of the liquid drop openings 58 to the sides through the inside of the gas passage cylinder 50, and the gas passages 102 condense. It is connected to the container 23.

 In FIG. 13, the condenser 23 has a liquid preheater 31 disposed in the center of a condenser outer cylinder 67, and a liquid solution comprising the spiral corrugated pipe inside the liquid preheater 31. The tube 30 is further spirally housed. A cooling pipe 32 is accommodated between the condenser outer cylinder 67 and the liquid preheater 31, and a cooling water port 63 is provided above the cooling pipe 32. At the lower part of the pipe 32, supercoolers 95 are arranged vertically above and below the cooling water port 63 serving also as the partition plate 61. Since the upper generator 22, rectifier 28, and condenser 23 on the boundary of the cooling water port 63 are on the high pressure side, the outer cylinder 40 for the generator, the outer cylinder 67 for the condenser, etc. Stainless steel that can withstand pressure is used, and synthetic resin is used for the evaporator outer cylinder 70 and absorber outer cylinder 76 on the low-pressure side. In addition, a high-pressure seal member 62 is provided at a connection portion between the partition plate 61 and the liquid preheater 31.

The structure of the cooling pipe 32 and the cooling water port 63 will be described with reference to FIG. _Λ .

 14 The cooling water port 63 has a supply chamber 105 communicating with the cooling water inlet 75 and a discharge chamber 106 communicating with the cooling water outlet 65. Further, the cooling pipe 32 is formed by winding a spiral corrugated pipe similar to the solution pipe 30 in a spiral shape having a different diameter around the liquid preheater 31 and arranging it in a plurality of layers with a predetermined gap. More specifically, a spiral cooling pipe 32 a having the smallest diameter is arranged on the outer periphery of the liquid preheater 31, and a cooling pipe 32 b having a second diameter is arranged on the outer periphery thereof, Similarly, the cooling pipes 32 n having the largest diameter are sequentially arranged on the outermost side. The lower ends of these cooling pipes 32a, 32b, '... 32 η are connected to the supply chamber 1 via vertical pipes 107a, 107b, -107n, respectively. The upper ends of the cooling pipes 32 a, 32 b,... 32 n are respectively vertical pipes 108 a, 108 b,… 108 n The discharge chamber 106 is exposed to the discharge chamber 106 through the air. In the drawing, the diameter of the cooling pipes 32 is increased and the number of cooling pipes is described as small as possible.

 The supercooler 95 is provided with spiral corrugated tubes spirally wound on both upper and lower sides with the cooling water port 63 interposed therebetween, and supplies cooling water to the lower supercooler 95 and the upper subcooler. It is discharged through the filter 95.

 An expansion valve 33 is provided vertically penetrating from the condenser 23 to the evaporator 24.

 The piping structure of the refrigeration pipe 34 of the evaporator 24 and the cooling pipe 37 of the absorber 25 is the same as the cooling pipe 32 of the condenser 23 described in FIG. It is wound in different spirals and arranged in a plurality of layers with a predetermined gap. However, since Bra-Import 7 7 is arranged below the freezing tube 34, it is connected to the lower end of the freezing tube 34 by the vertical tube 108, and the vertical tube 10 is connected from the upper end of the freezing tube 34. At 7, cooling water port 63 is shut down. Similarly, since the cooling water port 63 is located below the cooling pipe 37, the cooling pipe 37 is connected to the lower end of the cooling pipe 37 by the vertical pipe 108 to cool the cooling pipe 37. From the upper end of the pipe 37, the vertical pipe 107 falls to the cooling water port 63.

 The sprinkler 36 provided at the lower end of the liquid preheater 31 and above the absorber 25 can be adjusted in opening by an external adjustment mechanism (not shown) as in the first embodiment. It has become.

Facing the injection hole of the sprinkler 36, as shown in FIG. , _

 Fifteen

The lower end opening of the suction pipe 110 is inserted into the liquid reservoir 29 and provided. The sprinkler 36 uses the negative pressure when the ammonia dilute solution 9 is sprayed at a high pressure to suck up the aqueous ammonia solution 11 in the liquid reservoir 29 and sprays it into the absorber 25, thereby forming a pump. It is circulated without using other equipment.

 Further, the pump 38 provided near the liquid reservoir 29 may be inside the liquid reservoir 29 or may be external.

 103 is a cooling tower for circulating cooling water.

 Next, the operation of the second embodiment according to the present invention will be described.

 In FIG. 10, a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution 11 of about 25 to 50% in a liquid pool 29 is pumped through a solution pipe 30 by a pump 38 to a generator 22 at the upper end, and this generator In 22, the liquid is sent to the liquid storage chamber 55 through the branch part 99 and the liquid delivery pipe 53, and is supplied to the heat transfer pipe 27 through the diffusion nozzle 44.

 The heat source is supplied to the inner cylinder 43 of the generator 22 from the heat source supply port 13, where the heat is exchanged with the heat transfer tube 27 and discharged from the discharge port 14.

 Therefore, the fed aqueous ammonia solution 11 supplies the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant (aqueous ammonia solution) to the inner wall of the spiral groove of the heat transfer tube 27 through the diffusion nozzle 44 and the heat transfer tube 27 that generates swirling flow. However, only the low-boiling fluid (ammonia) is vaporized and advected in the center of the heat transfer tube 27, and the high-boiling liquid (water) is advected along the inner wall of the tube by centrifugal force and surface tension.

 In FIG. 13, high-concentration high-pressure ammonia gas 21 and ammonia-diluted solution 9 discharged from generator 22 are sent to rectifier 28. The ammonia dilute solution 9 flows on the top plate of the gas passage cylinder 50 and falls to the liquid drop port 58, where high-pressure ammonia gas 21 and water vapor pass through the perforated plate 100 through the metal mesh of the gas passage cylinder 50. After passing through 101, the water vapor comes into contact with the wire mesh 101 as water drops and falls to the liquid drop port 58, and only the high-pressure ammonia gas 21 passes through the gas passage 102 and the condenser 23 Sent to

In FIG. 10, the ammonia dilute solution 9 that has dropped into the liquid drop port 58 passes through the liquid preheater 31 and exchanges heat with the concentrated ammonia aqueous solution 11 passing through the inside of the solution pipe 30. It is sent to the sprinkler 36 in the evaporator 24. -lb Ammonia gas 21 supplied to the condenser 23 passes through the cooling pipe 32 of the condenser 23 and exchanges heat with the cooling water flowing through the cooling pipe 32 to be condensed. A concentrated ammonia liquid 94 of about 8% is collected at the bottom of the condenser 23 and further cooled to a boiling point or lower by a supercooler 95.

 The ammonia liquid 94 is expanded and vaporized by the expansion valve 33 between the condenser 23 and the evaporator 24, and becomes low-pressure ammonia gas 21 to cool the refrigerating pipe 34 of the evaporator 24 and rise again. Then, the supercooler 95 is cooled to the boiling point or lower and sent to the absorber 25 through the partition tube 97. At this time, the brine in the refrigerating tube 34 is cooled, and cold heat is sent to the load. The ammonia liquid 94 collected at the bottom of the evaporator 24 is discharged to the vicinity of the sprinkler 36 from the discharge hole 109 of the partition tube 97.

 The ammonia dilute solution 9 sent from the liquid preheater 31 is sprayed at a high pressure from the sprinkler 36 and the ammonia gas 21 descending along the partition tube 97 in the evaporator 24 and the discharge port 1 The ammonia solution 94 from 09 is mixed and absorbed with vigorous stirring and sent to the absorber 25.

 The cooling pipe 37 of the absorber 25 exchanges heat with the cooling water passing through the cooling pipe 37 to enhance the cooling effect to form a concentrated aqueous ammonia solution 11, which is dropped and stored in the liquid pool 29. The stored aqueous ammonia solution 11 is circulated by sucking it up through the suction pipe 110 and spraying it into the absorber 25 by the negative pressure when the ammonia dilute solution 9 is sprayed at a high pressure by the sprinkler 136. I have.

 Then, it is pumped again by the pump 38.

 In the generator 22 in the first and second embodiments, the heat transfer tube 27 is a vertical tube. Therefore, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, 100 or more heat transfer tubes 27 are used, and also in the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, 200 or more heat transfer tubes 27 are used. Can be

Therefore, by forming the heat transfer tube 27 in a spiral shape as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, it is possible to reduce the number to several 10 tubes. More specifically, a solution tube 30 is provided at the center of the protective tube 98, and the upper end of the solution tube 30 is connected to the branch portion 99, and the liquid is delivered from the branch portion 99 in a horizontal radial direction. The pipe 53 is connected, and the liquid delivery pipe 53 is vertically lowered along the inside of the generator outer cylinder 40. And of the mosquito coil What? The outer end of the heat transfer tube 27 thus formed into a spiral is connected to the vertical portion of the liquid delivery tube 53 via the diffusion nozzle 44, and the inner end is connected to the protective tube 98. At the connecting portion of the heat transfer tube 27 and the protection tube 98, the spiral heat transfer tube 27 is arranged at an interval of 180 degrees like 27a and 27b. The connecting portion between the inner end of the heat transfer tube 27 and the protection tube 98 is directed from the heat transfer tube 27 to the tangential direction of the inner wall of the protection tube 98 so that the ammonia solution 11 to be sprayed is protected by the protection tube 9. The swirling flow is generated more effectively within the 8.

 In the above embodiment, the pressure vessels of the generator 22, the rectifier 28, the condenser 23, the evaporator 24, and the absorber 25 constituting each step of the absorption refrigeration cycle are vertically stacked. However, the connection piping connecting these five processes is omitted, and the entire device is downsized. In addition, since each stage can be configured with common components, the number of types of components can be reduced, and mass production can be provided at low cost. In addition, there is no need for thermal insulation work on piping and valves, and fluid losses can be reduced.

 By passing the solution pipe 30 having the highest pressure through the center of the main body, safety against breakage of the solution pipe 30 and liquid leakage is improved. Industrial applicability

 As described above, the ammonia absorption type cold / hot water device according to the present invention can be used for exhaust heat of gas turbines, exhaust heat of reciprocating heat engines, battery exhaust heat of fuel cells, exhaust heat of photovoltaic power generation, surplus steam of poilers, etc. When effectively using various heat sources, such as when effectively using various waste heat that has been discarded until now, or when it has been difficult to use geothermal heat, hot rock, etc. It is suitable. Mainly facilities with relatively high cooling demand, such as those for multiple dwelling units, hospitals, factories, buildings, restaurants, offices, stores, and sports gyms with refrigeration capacity of less than 100 kW It is suitable as a hot / cold water device in If the refrigeration load is larger than the capacity of a single unit, multiple units can be operated in parallel to meet the demand for cooling and heating several times the capacity of the single unit. In addition, the total weight can be reduced to about 1 ton and it can be transported, making it suitable for mounting on ships and vehicles equipped with refrigeration equipment.

Claims

Scope of request 1. A generator 22 that generates high-pressure ammonia gas 21 from an aqueous ammonia solution 1 1 using a heat source, a rectifier 28 that separates this ammonia gas 21 and ammonia dilute solution 9 into gas and liquid, and a gas-liquid separation A condenser 23 for condensing the high-pressure ammonia gas 21 after condensation, an evaporator 24 for utilizing a cooling action when decompressing and evaporating the high-pressure ammonia liquid 94 after condensation, and an ammonia gas 21 for vaporization Absorbers 25 for absorbing the ammonia diluted solution 9 are sequentially arranged from above, and a solution pipe 30 for pressure-feeding the aqueous ammonia solution 11 from the absorber 25 to the generator 22 is provided inside these. An ammonia absorption type cold / hot water apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.  2. The generator 22 has a diffusion nozzle 44 at one end, and a number of heat transfer tubes 27 formed of a spiral corrugated tube having a spiral groove on the inner wall are vertically arranged, and an opening of the heat transfer tube 27 is provided. 2. The ammonia absorption type cold / hot water apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lower end portion is made to face the rectifier 28 side.  3. The generator 22 has a spirally corrugated heat transfer tube 27 having a diffusion nozzle 44 at the outer end, and spirally winds in a horizontal direction to form a stack and arrange the heat transfer tubes 27 in a plurality of stages. The inner end is connected to a protective tube 98 surrounding the solution tube 30 substantially at the center of the generator 22, and the lower end of the opening of the protective tube 98 faces the rectifier 28 side. 2. The ammonia absorption type cold / hot water apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: 4. A liquid preheater 31 surrounding a spiral solution tube 30 is provided at a lower portion of the rectifier 28 and substantially at the center of the condenser 23, and the ammonia separated by the rectifier 28 is provided. 2. The ammonia absorption type cold / hot water apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the solution pipe 30 in the liquid preheater 31 is heated by the dilute solution 9.  5. The supercooler 95 that cools the ammonia liquid 94 in the condenser 23 below the boiling point using the cold heat of the low-pressure ammonia gas 21 vaporized in the evaporator 24 2. The ammonia absorption type cold / hot water apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is provided between the evaporator and the evaporator. 6. At the lower end of the liquid preheater 31, a sprinkler 36 is provided facing the upper part of the absorber, and the ammonia dilute solution 9 sprayed from the sprinkler 36 at high pressure, The ammonia gas 21 supplied from the evaporator 24 to the absorber 25 and the ammonia liquid 94 supplied from the discharge hole 109 of the evaporator 24 are mixed and absorbed while vigorously stirring. 6. The ammonia absorption type cold / hot water device according to claim 5, wherein: 7. A sprinkler 36 is provided at the lower end of the liquid preheater 31 to face the upper part of the absorber. The sprinkler 36 is exposed to the injection hole of the sprinkler 36. The inserted suction pipe 110 is connected, and the sprinkler 36 supplies the ammonia dilute solution 9 sprayed at high pressure, and the ammonia gas 21 supplied from the evaporator 24 to the absorber 25 discharges the evaporator 24. The ammonia solution 94 supplied from the hole 109 is mixed and absorbed while being vigorously stirred, and the suction tube 110 is opened by a negative pressure when the ammonia dilute solution 9 is sprayed at a high pressure by the sprinkler 36. 6. The ammonia absorption-type cold / hot water apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the ammonia aqueous solution 11 is sucked up and circulated in the absorber 25.  8. Generator outer cylinder 40 constituting generator 2 2, rectifier outer cylinder constituting rectifier 2 8, condenser outer cylinder 6 7 constituting condenser 2 3, and evaporator 2 The outer cylinder 70 for the evaporator that constitutes 4 and the outer cylinder 76 for the absorber that constitutes the absorber 25 are sequentially stacked vertically and laminated and fixed, and generated from the absorber 25 at the center of these. A liquid tube 30 and a liquid preheater 31 for pumping while preheating the aqueous ammonia solution 11 while exchanging heat by heat exchange are arranged, and an upper lid 41 is placed on the outer cylinder 40 for the generator. 2. The ammonia absorption type cold / hot water apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: 9. Generator outer cylinder 40 forming generator 2 2, rectifier outer cylinder forming rectifier 2 8, and cooling water supply and discharge of cooling pipe 3 2 of condenser 2 3 A cooling water port 63, a condenser outer cylinder 67 constituting the condenser 23, and provided between the condenser 23 and the evaporator 24, inside the evaporator 24. A supercooler 95 that is cooled by the vaporized low-pressure ammonia gas 21 to cool the ammonia liquid 94 below its boiling point, and cooling water for supplying and discharging the cooling water of the supercooler 95 Port 63, evaporator outer cylinder 70 constituting evaporator 24, brine port 77 for supplying and discharging brine of refrigerating tube 34 of evaporator 24, absorber 25 And a cooling water port 63 for supplying and discharging cooling water from a cooling pipe 37 of the absorber 25 are sequentially stacked in a vertically stacked structure to be laminated and fixed. These central absorber 2 5 A solution pipe 30 and a liquid preheater 31 are arranged to feed the ammonia aqueous solution 11 while being preheated by heat exchange to the generator 22 from the heat exchanger 21, and the upper lid 41 is placed on the generator outer cylinder 40. 2. The ammonia absorption type cold / hot water apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: